Country profile ETH
Context
Context
| Year | Age group | Proportion | Gender | Indicator | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 5-14 | 48.3 | Male | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2015 | 5-14 | 32.1 | Female | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2015 | 5-14 | 40.5 | Male & Female | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2015 | 5-14 | 50.6 | Male | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity and household chores, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2015 | 5-14 | 38.9 | Female | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity and household chores, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2015 | 5-14 | 45 | Male & Female | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity and household chores, by sex and age (%) | Source |
National Legal Framework
National Legal Framework
| Provision | Legislation date | Convention | Legislation info | sources | Value | sort_order | Provision description | Legislation description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Is the use, procuring or offering of children for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs, prohibited? | 2005-05-09 | C182 | Proclamation No.414/2004 Criminal Code - Article 525 | [{"link_name":"Proclamation No.414/2004 Criminal Code","source_link":"https://www.uaipit.com/uploads/legislacion/files/1422269542_11_EN_UAIPIT.pdf"}] | Yes | 11 | C182 prohibits the use, procuring or offering of children for illicit activities in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs. | Article 525 provides that the punishment shall be rigorous imprisonment for not less than ten years, and fine not exceeding two hundred thousand Birr when c) the criminal employs children or a person with mental illness as a means for the commission of the crime. |
| Is the use, procuring or offering of a child for the purpose of prostitution and for production of pornography prohibited? | 2005-05-09 ; 2020-04-01 | C182 | Proclamation No.414/2004 Criminal Code - Article 635 ; Proclamation No.1178/2020 Preventing and Suppressing Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Persons - Articles Section 2.4. , 3.1. , 4.1.a) | [{"link_name":"-Proclamation No.1178/2020 Preventing and Suppressing Trafficking in\r\nPersons and Smuggling of Persons","source_link":"https://www.lawethiopia.com/images/latest%20proclamations/1178%20A%20PROCLAMATION%20TO%20PROVIDE%20FOR%20THE%20PREVENTION%20AND%20SUPPRESSION%20OF%20TRAFFICKING%20IN%20PERSONS%20AND%20THE%20SMUGGLING%20OF%20PERSONS.pdf"},{"link_name":"-Proclamation No.414/2004 Criminal Code","source_link":"https://www.uaipit.com/uploads/legislacion/files/1422269542_11_EN_UAIPIT.pdf"}] | Yes | 10 | C182 prohibits the use of a child under the age of 18 for prostitution, regardless of the child's consent. The use, procuring or offering of any person under the age of 18 for commercial sexual exploitation constitutes a worst form of child labour, even if prostitution is a legalised. In regard to the prohibition of child pornography, States need to make sure that national legislation addresses the involvement of a child in the production of pornographic materials, including non-recorded performances. | Article 635 entitled Traffic in Women and Minors, states that whoever, for gain, or to gratify the passions of another: a) traffics in women or minors, whether by seducing them, by enticing them, or by procuring them or otherwise inducing them to engage in prostitution, even with their consent; or b) keeps such a person in a brothel to prostitute her, is punishable with rigorous imprisonment not exceeding five years, and fine not exceeding ten thousand Birr, subject to the application of more severe provisions, especially where there is concurrent illegal restraint. Additionally, Article 3.1. of the Proclamation No.1178/2020 Preventing and Suppressing Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Persons punishes any person who holds another person in prostitution or other forms of sexual activities, while Article 4.1.a) aggravates the penalties for the committing of such crime on a child. Section 2.4. of that same Text, notably, defines "sexual activities" as the causing of a person to engage in immoral acts, especially by exhibiting one’s nakedness or sexual parts for the view of others, including the recording of these acts through the use of a photograph, video, audio or any other means for the purpose of distribution. |
| Is forced or compulsory recruitment of children under 18 for use in armed conflict prohibited? | 2015-08-15 | C182 | Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants Proclamation No. 909/2015 - Sections 2(4) (h), 270 (m) | [{"link_name":"Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants Proclamation No. 909/2015","source_link":"https://antislaverylaw.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Proclamation-No.-909-2015-on-human-trafficking-Official-Gazette-English.pdf"}] | Yes | 9 | C182 defines forced or compulsory recruitment of children under 18 for use in armed conflict as a worst form of child labour. Nevertheless, C182 only prohibits the forced or compulsory recruitment of children under 18, and does not cover the voluntary recruitment of children under 18. | Section 2(4) (h) provides that “Exploitation” include the following: h) engaging children for military service. Also, according to the Article 270 (m) of the Criminal Code, War Crimes against the Civilian Population include recruiting children who have not attained the age of eighteen years as members of defence forces to take part in armed conflict. |
| Is the sale and trafficking of children for sexual and labour exploitation prohibited? | 2015-08-15 | C182 | Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants Proclamation No. 909/2015 - Sections, 2 (4), 3 (3) | [{"link_name":"Prevention and Suppression of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants Proclamation No. 909/2015","source_link":"https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/eth216761.pdf"}] | Yes | 8 | C182 defines all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour as worst forms of child labour. | Section 3 (3) states that the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered trafficking in persons even if this does not involve any of the means stipulated under sub article (1) of this article. Moreover Section 2 (4) provides that “Exploitation” include the following: a) benefiting from prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation; b) labour exploitation, forced labour or servitude; c) slavery or practices similar to slavery; d) sexual servitude and enslavement; e) debt bondage or surrender as pledge for another; f) removal or taking of organs of the human body; g) forcefully engaging for begging... Section 4 makes it an aggravating circumstance if the victim of any of the crimes under this Act is a child and provides for a penalty of rigorous imprisonment from ten to twenty years and a fine from 30,000 to 100,000 Birr (approximately US$571 to US$1,905). Moreover, smuggling of a child is punishable with rigorous imprisonment from seven to fifteen years and fine from 20,000 to 100,000 Birr. |
| List of hazardous activities prohibited for children | 2021-08-24 | C138 & C182 | Directive No. 813/2021 | [{"link_name":"CEACR Observation","source_link":"https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID,P13100_COUNTRY_ID:4292099,102950:NO"}] | Yes | 7 | C138 and C182 require the national determination of a list of hazardous work prohibited for children under 18 years of age. The competent authorities should consult with workers' and employers' organizations to determine what types of employment or work are considered to be hazardous. Such a list shall be periodically examined and revised as necessary. | Fourteen activities are listed as prohibited jobs for young workers. These include: transporting persons and goods by land, air, and water and fishing; lifting, pulling heavy goods or works related to these in ports and warehouses; works directly related to electric power generating stations, transmission lines, and power distribution centres; subterranean works like deep mineral extraction, stone quarries, or related works; work on high places on scaffolding, moving materials up or down using machines, or moving materials from one place to another on cranes and lifts using electric or motorized energy. |
| Minimum age for hazardous work | 2019-09-05 | C138 & C182 | Labour Proclamation No.1156/2019 - Sections 89.1, 89.3 | [{"link_name":"Labour Proclamation No.1156/2019","source_link":"https://www.mtalawoffice.com/images/upload/Labour-Proclamation-No_-1156-2019.pdf"}] | 18 | 6 | C138 and C182 set 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work, which is defined as work that, due to its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to jeopardize children’s health, safety or morals. C138 and C182 allow countries to permit hazardous work exceptionally as from 16, provided that the health, safety and morals of the young persons concerned are fully protected and that they have received adequate specific instruction or training. | Section 89.1 provides that for the purpose of this Proclamation, “young worker” means a natural person who has attained the age of 15 but is below the age of 18 years. Section 89.3 states that it is prohibited to assign young workers to work, which on account of its nature or due to the condition in which it is carried out endangers their lives or health. |
| Minimum age for admission to apprenticeship | 2019-09-05 | C138 | Labour Proclamation No.1156/2019 - Section 48.2 | [{"link_name":"Labour Proclamation No.1156/2019","source_link":"https://www.mtalawoffice.com/images/upload/Labour-Proclamation-No_-1156-2019.pdf"}] | 16 | 5 | C138 does not apply to work done in school for general, vocational or technical education or in training institutions or work done by children at least 14 years of age in undertakings, where such work is carried out in accordance with conditions prescribed by the competent authority. Such work must be an integral part of: (i) a course of education or training for which a school or training institution is primarily responsible; (ii) a programme of training mainly or entirely in an undertaking, which programme has been approved by the competent authority; or (iii) a programme of guidance or orientation designed to facilitate the choice of an occupation or of a line of training. | Section 48.2 provides that the contract of apprenticeship shall be concluded with the person whose age is not less than fifteen years. Vocational training is provided upon the completion of secondary education, that is, completion of grade 10, during which time most children have reached the age of 17, or at least 16, which is in line with the Convention. |
| Is the minimum age for admission to work not less than the age for completion of compulsory schooling? | No information | C138 | No information | [{"link_name":"No information","source_link":"-"}] | No information | 4 | C138 requires that the minimum age for admission to work shall not be less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling and, in any case, shall not be less than 15 years. | No information |
| Light work - Determination of types and conditions of activities | N/A | C138 | N/A | [{"link_name":"N/A","source_link":"N/A"}] | N/A | 3 | If the country chooses to allow light work, States must determine what activities are considered light work, and the hours and the circumstances under which they may be carried out. | Light work is not allowed |
| Minimum age for light work | N/A | C138 | N/A | [{"link_name":"N/A","source_link":"N/A"}] | N/A | 2 | C138 defines light work as work that does not interfere with children’s schooling, or their ability to benefit from it, and that is not hazardous. C138 allows countries to permit light work for children younger than the general minimum age. For countries that set the minimum age at 15, this means children aged 13-14, and for those that set it at 14, children aged 12-13 may engage in light work. | Light work is not allowed |
| Minimum age for admission to work | 2019-09-05 | C138 | Labour Proclamation No.1156/2019 - Section 89.2 | [{"link_name":"Labour Proclamation No.1156/2019","source_link":"https://www.mtalawoffice.com/images/upload/Labour-Proclamation-No_-1156-2019.pdf"}] | 15 | 1 | C138 establishes 15 as the minimum age for work in general. Developing countries have the option of setting a minimum age of 14 as a transitional measure as they strengthen their education systems and economies. | Section 89.2 states that it is prohibited to employ a person less than 15 years of age. This law raised the minimum age for admission to work from 14 to 15 years old. |
International Legal Framework
International Legal Framework
| Ratification status | Convention | Convention description | Date of ratification | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| in-force | C182 | Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) | 02-SEP-2003 | Source |
| in-force | C138 | Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) | 27-MAY-1999 | Source |
Policies and Plans
Policies and Plans
| Description | sources | Period | Policy name | Implementing agency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethiopia is a Pathfinder Country of the Alliance 8.7, a global partnership committed to eradicating forced labour, modern slavery, human trafficking, and child labour. As part of this initiative, Ethiopia has initiated the development of a roadmap towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8.7. This roadmap outlines the strategic objectives and actions necessary to make significant progress in these areas, covering the period from 2020 to 2030. According to the ""Workshop Report of the National Strategic Planning Workshop"" held on December 20, 2019, the main objectives of Ethiopia's roadmap are: Migration Supply Chains Law and Governance | [{"link_name":"SDG 8.7 Roadmap","source_link":"https://www.alliance87.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/A87%20Ethiopia%20Workshop%20Report_V01_170220_final.pdf"}] | 2020-2030 | SDG 8.7 Roadmap | Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (MoLSA) |
| Adopted with an objective to fight and eliminate the worst forms of child labour by 2025, thus achieving target 8.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs). The development and implementation of this NPA will strengthen the coordination mechanism of pertinent stakeholders to work together on the three distinct strategies of prevention, protection and rehabilitation. Within the framework of this NAP tangible measures are initiated to address and improve the situation of street children in line with the urban safety net programme implementation. | [{"link_name":"CEACR Direct Request","source_link":"https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:13100:0::NO:13100:P13100_COMMENT_ID,P13100_COUNTRY_ID:4292102,102950"}] | 2021-25 | National Plan of Action (NPA) on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (2021–2025) | National Tripartite plus Steering Committee comprising the Federal Government agencies, employers’ and workers’ organizations and civic societies |