Country profile TZA
Context
Context
| Year | Age group | Proportion | Gender | Indicator | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 5-17 | 16.9 | Male | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2021 | 5-17 | 13 | Female | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2021 | 5-17 | 15 | Male & Female | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2014 | 5-17 | 25.6 | Male | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity and household chores, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2014 | 5-17 | 23.9 | Female | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity and household chores, by sex and age (%) | Source |
| 2014 | 5-17 | 24.8 | Male & Female | Proportion of children engaged in economic activity and household chores, by sex and age (%) | Source |
National Legal Framework
National Legal Framework
| Provision | Legislation date | Convention | Legislation info | sources | Value | sort_order | Provision description | Legislation description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Is the use, procuring or offering of children for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs, prohibited? | N/A | C182 | N/A | [{"link_name":"Drug Control and Enforcement Act","source_link":"https://tanzlii.org/akn/tz/act/2015/5/eng@2019-11-30"}] | No | 11 | C182 prohibits the use, procuring or offering of children for illicit activities in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs. | Although Section 20. of the Drug Control and Enforcement Act prohibits the administering of narcotic drug or psychotropic substance to children, it does not prohibits the use, procuring or offering of children for illicit activities in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs. |
| Is forced or compulsory recruitment of children under 18 for use in armed conflict prohibited? | 1966-03-05 | C182 | National Defence Act, 1966 - Section 29. (4) | [{"link_name":"National Defence Act, 1966","source_link":"https://andyreiter.com/wp-content/uploads/military-justice/tz/Laws%20and%20Decrees/Tanzania%20-%201966%20-%20National%20Defence%20Act.pdf"}] | Yes | 9 | C182 defines forced or compulsory recruitment of children under 18 for use in armed conflict as a worst form of child labour. Nevertheless, C182 only prohibits the forced or compulsory recruitment of children under 18, and does not cover the voluntary recruitment of children under 18. | Section 29. (4) of the Act stipulates that no person under the apparent age of eighteen years shall be enrolled in the Defence Forces without the consent in writing of one of his parents or his guardian or, where the parents or guardian are dead or unknown, by the Area Commissioner of the district in which such person resides. |
| Is the use, procuring or offering of a child for the purpose of prostitution and for production of pornography prohibited? | 2008-06-06 | C182 | Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, 2008 - Section 4. (1) (e) (ii) and Section 6. (2) (a) | [{"link_name":"Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, 2008","source_link":"https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1299604/1930_1473770117_57c429004.pdf"}] | Yes | 10 | C182 prohibits the use of a child under the age of 18 for prostitution, regardless of the child's consent. The use, procuring or offering of any person under the age of 18 for commercial sexual exploitation constitutes a worst form of child labour, even if prostitution is a legalised. In regard to the prohibition of child pornography, States need to make sure that national legislation addresses the involvement of a child in the production of pornographic materials, including non-recorded performances. | Section 4. (1) (e) (ii) states that "A person commits an offence of trafficking in person if that person - maintains or hires a person to engage in prostitution or pornography". Section 6. (2) (a) considers such offences to be severe trafficking shall the victim be a child. |
| Is the sale and trafficking of children for sexual and labour exploitation prohibited? | 2008-06-06 | C182 | The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, 2008 - Section 6. (2) (a) and Section (4) | [{"link_name":"The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act, 2008","source_link":"https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1299604/1930_1473770117_57c429004.pdf"}] | Yes | 8 | C182 defines all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour as worst forms of child labour. | Section 6. (2) (a) of the Act considers as severe trafficking in person offences where the trafficked person is a child or disabled person. Section (4) of the text punished such offence. |
| List of hazardous activities prohibited for children | 2019-11-30 | C138 & C182 | Law of the Child Act - Section 82. | [{"link_name":"Law of the Child Act","source_link":"https://tanzlii.org/akn/tz/act/2009/21/eng@2019-11-30#part_VII__subpart_nn_2"}] | Yes | 7 | C138 and C182 require the national determination of a list of hazardous work prohibited for children under 18 years of age. The competent authorities should consult with workers' and employers' organizations to determine what types of employment or work are considered to be hazardous. Such a list shall be periodically examined and revised as necessary. | Section 82. of the Act prohibits the employment of children for work considered to poses a danger to their health, safety or morals. It provides with the following list of prohibited hazardous works for children : "(a) going to sea; (b) mining and quarrying; (c) porterage of heavy loads; (d) manufacturing industries where chemicals are produced or used; (e) work in places where machines are used; and (f) work in place such as bars, hotels and places of entertainment.". It should however be noted that subsection (4) of that Section stipulates that "any written law regulating the provisions of training may permit a child— (a) on board a training ship as part of the child’s training; (b) in a factory or a mine, if that work is part of the child’s training; (c) in any other worksites on condition that the health, safety and morals of the child are fully protected and that the child has received or is receiving adequate specific instruction or training in the relevant work or activity.". |
| Is the minimum age for admission to work not less than the age for completion of compulsory schooling? | 2002-07-31 | C138 | Education Act - Section 2. (1) and Section 35. (1) | [{"link_name":"Education Act","source_link":"https://tanzlii.org/akn/tz/act/1978/25/eng@2002-07-31"}] | Yes | 4 | C138 requires that the minimum age for admission to work shall not be less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling and, in any case, shall not be less than 15 years. | Section 2. (1) of the Act provides that primary education is given for seven years. Section 35. (1) of that same text stipulates that "it shall be compulsory for every child who has reached the age of seven years to be enrolled for primary education", thus setting the age of completion of compulsory education to 14 years, which corresponds to the minimum age for admission to work. |
| Minimum age for admission to apprenticeship | 2019-11-30 | C138 | Law of the Child Act - Section 88. | [{"link_name":"Law of the Child Act","source_link":"https://tanzlii.org/akn/tz/act/2009/21/eng@2019-11-30#part_VII__subpart_nn_2"}] | 14 | 5 | C138 does not apply to work done in school for general, vocational or technical education or in training institutions or work done by children at least 14 years of age in undertakings, where such work is carried out in accordance with conditions prescribed by the competent authority. Such work must be an integral part of: (i) a course of education or training for which a school or training institution is primarily responsible; (ii) a programme of training mainly or entirely in an undertaking, which programme has been approved by the competent authority; or (iii) a programme of guidance or orientation designed to facilitate the choice of an occupation or of a line of training. | Section 88. of the Law sets the minimum age for admission to apprenticeship to 14 years. |
| Light work - Determination of types and conditions of activities | 2012-06-01 | C138 | Law of the Child (Child Employment) Regulations - Section 4. (2) | [{"link_name":"Law of the Child (Child Employment) Regulations","source_link":"https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/96139/TZA96139.pdf"}] | Yes | 3 | If the country chooses to allow light work, States must determine what activities are considered light work, and the hours and the circumstances under which they may be carried out. | Article 4. (2) of the Law lays down the following conditions for determining the circumstances in which light work may be carried out : "A child who is over the age of fourteen years and still attending school shall in the following circumstance, not be employed- (a) during school hours or on any day on which he is required to attend school; (b) for more than two hours on any day on which he is required to attend school; (c) for more than twelve hours a week during any school week; (d) to work at night; (e) to work for more than thirty six hours per week during school holidays; (f) to do any work other than light work; (g) to work more than six days in any one week.". |
| Minimum age for admission to work | 2004-06-04 | C138 | Employment and Labour Relations Act, 2004 - Section 5. (1) | [{"link_name":"Employment and Labour Relations Act, 2004","source_link":"https://webapps.ilo.org/static/english/inwork/cb-policy-guide/tanzaniaemploymentandlabourrelationsact2004sec626to7.pdf"}] | 14 | 1 | C138 establishes 15 as the minimum age for work in general. Developing countries have the option of setting a minimum age of 14 as a transitional measure as they strengthen their education systems and economies. | Section 5. (1) stipulates that no person shall employ a child under the age of fourteen years. |
| Minimum age for light work | 2004-06-04 | C138 | Law of the Child Act - Section 5. (2) | [{"link_name":"Law of the Child Act","source_link":"https://tanzlii.org/akn/tz/act/2009/21/eng@2019-11-30"}] | 14 | 2 | C138 defines light work as work that does not interfere with children’s schooling, or their ability to benefit from it, and that is not hazardous. C138 allows countries to permit light work for children younger than the general minimum age. For countries that set the minimum age at 15, this means children aged 13-14, and for those that set it at 14, children aged 12-13 may engage in light work. | Section 5. (2) sets the minimum age for admission to light work to 14 years. |
| Minimum age for hazardous work | 2019-11-30 | C138 & C182 | Law of the Child Act - Section 4. (1) and Section 82. | [{"link_name":"Law of the Child Act","source_link":"https://tanzlii.org/akn/tz/act/2009/21/eng@2019-11-30"}] | 18 | 6 | C138 and C182 set 18 as the minimum age for hazardous work, which is defined as work that, due to its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to jeopardize children’s health, safety or morals. C138 and C182 allow countries to permit hazardous work exceptionally as from 16, provided that the health, safety and morals of the young persons concerned are fully protected and that they have received adequate specific instruction or training. | Section 4. (1) of the Act defines a child as someone aged less than 18 years. Section 82. (1) provides that it shall be unlawful to employ or engage a child in any hazardous work. It should however be noted that, Section 82. (4) provides that any written law regulating the provisions of training may permit a child— (a) on board a training ship as part of the child’s training; (b) in a factory or a mine, if that work is part of the child’s training; (c) in any other worksites on condition that the health, safety and morals of the child are fully protected and that the child has received or is receiving adequate specific instruction or training in the relevant work or activity. |
International Legal Framework
International Legal Framework
| Ratification status | Convention | Convention description | Date of ratification | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| in-force | C138 | Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) | 16-DEC-1998 | Source |
| in-force | C182 | Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) | 12-SEP-2001 | Source |
Policies and Plans
Policies and Plans
| Description | sources | Period | Policy name | Implementing agency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| To eliminate violence against women and children in Tanzania and improve their welfare, the NPA-VAWC defined several axis for its global strategy. They include the followings : Creating safe learning environments that protect against violence and abuse within educational settings by fostering a culture of safety, respect, and gender equality within educational institutions and; Providing comprehensive life skills education that empowers students with necessary skills to recognize, respond to, and prevent violence. | [{"link_name":"NPA - VAWC II","source_link":"https://www.jamii.go.tz/uploads/documents/sw-1739175592-NPA-VAWC-II.24.25.pdf"}] | 2024/25 – 2028/29 | National Plan of Action to end Violence Against Women and Children in Tanzania II (NPA - VAWC II) | Ministry of Community Development, Gender, Women, and Special Groups |
| The NCPA II for most vulnerable children (MVC) aimed at guiding the implementation of actions and policies between 2013 and 2017 to enhance the wellbeing of MVC through preventing and/or reducing the incidences of risks and the impacts of shocks and protect their rights. The main goals of the plan included : To strengthen the capacity of households and communities to care and support both MVC Girls and Boy; To increase access, and use of, services to prevent and respond to cases of violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation of children within a well-resourced and fully functional child protection system; To improve MVC access and utilization of health care, education and early childhood care and development services, To strengthen the coordination and leadership, policy and service delivery environment. | [{"link_name":"NCPA II","source_link":"https://pamojaleo.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Simplified-Version-of-the-National-Coasted-Plan-of-Action-for-Most-Vulnerable-Children-NCPA-II-2013-2017.pdf"}] | 2013-2017 | National Costed Plan of Action for Most Vulnerable Children (NCPA II) | Ministry of Health of Social Welfare |
| The purpose of this national Most Vulnerable Children (MVC) Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) plan is to provide guidance for tracking the implementation of the National Costed Plan of Action for Most Vulnerable Children NCPA II (2013–2017). The objectives of the M&E plan are: To strengthen the national MVC M&E system as guided by the national M&E system strengthening plan; To improve the availability and use of routine MVC data in decision-making processes at different levels of NCPA II implementation; To strengthen government’s capacity for leadership and coordination of MVC M&E activities; and To strengthen M&E partnership and coordination at national and local levels to enable information sharing, dissemination, and use. | [{"link_name":"National Most Vulnerable Children Monitoring and Evaluation Plan","source_link":"https://www.measureevaluation.org/resources/publications/ms-15-101/at_download/document"}] | 2015 | National Most Vulnerable Children Monitoring and Evaluation Plan | Department of Social Welfare of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare |
| The general objective of the NPA is to prevent, suppress and punish Trafficking in Persons (TIP), especially Women and Children, with a victim-centred approach. The plan aims at reaching 3 key goals including : To create an enabling policy environment that facilitates successful implementation of interventions geared towards combating Trafficking in Persons; To provide an implementation framework geared towards enhancing the capacity of stakeholders with appropriate skills and capabilities for effective detection, investigations and prosecution of the crime of Trafficking in Persons with a victim-centred approach; To strengthen coordination that fosters partnership with all relevant stakeholders in combating Trafficking in Persons. Some of the plan's measures aimed more directly at children, include the mainstreaming of TIP issues in existing Police Gender and Children Desks. | [{"link_name":"NPA","source_link":"https://tanzania.iom.int/news/iom-tanzania-and-anti-trafficking-persons-secretariat-provide-training-identification-screening-and-referral-victims-trafficking-persons"}] | 2021-2025 | National Anti-Trafficking in Persons Plan of Action (NPA) | Ministry Home Affairs |