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Legal Database on Industrial Relations
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Important: select the countries AND a theme (no result is displayed if no information is available).
Data is often available only for lower theme levels. In these cases, it is important to explicitly select those levels.

Countries

  1. +Africa
    1. Africa (all)
    2. Algeria
    3. Botswana
    4. Burkina Faso
    5. Côte d'Ivoire
    6. Eswatini
    7. Ethiopia
    1. Kenya
    2. Morocco
    3. Namibia
    4. Nigeria
    5. Rwanda
    6. Senegal
    1. South Africa
    2. Tanzania, United Republic of
    3. Togo
    4. Tunisia
    5. Uganda
    6. Zambia
  2. +Americas
    1. Americas (all)
    2. Argentina
    3. Brazil
    4. Chile
    5. Colombia
    1. Costa Rica
    2. Guatemala
    3. Honduras
    4. Mexico
    1. Panama
    2. Paraguay
    3. Peru
    4. United States
  3. +Arab States
    1. Arab States (all)
    1. Jordan
  4. +Asia
    1. Asia (all)
    2. Australia
    3. Bangladesh
    4. Cambodia
    5. China
    6. India
    1. Indonesia
    2. Japan
    3. Korea, Republic of
    4. Malaysia
    5. Myanmar
    1. Philippines
    2. Singapore
    3. Sri Lanka
    4. Thailand
    5. Viet Nam
  5. +Europe
    1. Europe (all)
    2. Albania
    3. Belgium
    4. Bosnia and Herzegovina
    5. Bulgaria
    6. Denmark
    7. Finland
    8. France
    9. Hungary
    1. Ireland
    2. Italy
    3. Latvia
    4. Moldova, Republic of
    5. Montenegro
    6. North Macedonia
    7. Norway
    8. Poland
    1. Romania
    2. Russian Federation
    3. Serbia
    4. Slovakia
    5. Spain
    6. Sweden
    7. Ukraine
    8. United Kingdom

Themes

  1. +Regulatory framework
    1. Ratified ILO Conventions
    2. National legal framework
    3. National constitutional framework
    4. Legal definitions
      1. Employee
      2. Worker
      3. Employer
      4. Trade union (or workers’ organisation)
      5. Employers’ organisation
      6. Workers' representative
      7. Collective bargaining
      8. Collective agreement
      9. Essential service
      10. Public service
      11. Dispute (collective dispute)
      12. Strike
      13. Lockout
      14. .
  2. +Organizations and their administration
    1. Establishment of organizations
      1. Right to establish or join organizations
        1. Right to establish or join a trade union
        2. Right to establish or join an employers' organization
      2. Creation of single workers' or employers’ organization structures certain levels of collective bargaining
      3. Determination of trade union representativity
      4. Rights granted to ‘most representative’ trade unions
      5. Minimum number of members or representativeness criteria required for the establishment of trade unions and employers' organizations
        1. Minimum number of members or representativeness criteria for the establishment of a trade union
        2. Minimum number of members or representativeness criteria for the establishment of an employers' organization
      6. Formalities and requirements for the registration of trade unions and employers' organizations
        1. Formalities and requirements for the registration of trade union
        2. Formalities and requirements for the registration of employers' organization
      7. Obligations of social partners to join certain types, or specific categories of organizations
        1. Obligations of workers and/or trade unions to join certain types, or specific categories of organizations
        2. Obligations of employers and/or employers' organizations to join certain types, or specific categories of organizations
      8. Ability of trade unions and employers’ organizations to form and join federations and confederations
        1. Ability of trade unions to form and join federations and confederations
        2. Ability of employers’ organizations to form and join federations and confederations
      9. Ability of trade unions and employers’ organizations to affiliate with an international organization
        1. Ability of trade unions to affiliate with an international organization
        2. Ability of employers' organizations to affiliate with an international organization
    2. Administration of organisations
      1. Contents of trade union and employers’ organization by-laws / constitution
        1. Contents of trade union by-laws / constitution
        2. Contents of employers' organizations by-laws / constitution
      2. Requirements for individuals to affiliate with trade unions and employers’ organizations
        1. Requirements for individuals to affiliate with trade unions
        2. Requirements for individuals to affiliate with employers’ organizations
      3. Formalities and requirements for the election of trade union and employers’ organization representatives
        1. Formalities and requirements for the election of trade union representatives
        2. Formalities and requirements for the election of employers’ organization representatives
      4. Formalities for the adoption of decisions by a trade union or employers’ organization 
        1. Formalities for the adoption of decisions by a trade union
        2. Formalities for the adoption of decisions by an employers’ organization
      5. Procedures for the dissolution of a trade unions and employers’ organizations
        1. Procedures for the dissolution of trade unions
        2. Procedures for the dissolution of employers’ organizations
    3. Exclusions
      1. Exclusions
        1. Police / security forces
        2. Defence forces
        3. Public / civil servants (Managerial and supervisory staff only)
        4. Other
  3. +Legislative protection of workers' and employers' organizations, their members and representatives
    1. Acts of anti-union discrimination
      1. Safeguards to protect workers against acts of anti-union discrimination
      2. Forms of discrimination
        1. Discrimination in relation to hiring
        2. Discrimination during employment
        3. Discriminatory termination
      3. Protection granted to workers in a given period (setting up a trade union / during its existence / after its dissolution)
      4. Type of activities carried out by workers by reason of their trade union involvement
      5. Competent body to hear allegations of discrimination
      6. Procedural safeguards recognized in the legislation
      7. Remedies and sanctions foreseen in the legislation as compensatory measures for having suffered acts of anti-union discrimination
        1. Compensation
        2. Reinstatement
        3. Other
      8. Enforcement mechanisms to ensure effective protection
    2. Acts of interference
      1. Safeguards to protect workers’ and employers’ organisations against acts of interference
        1. Safeguards to protect workers’ organisations against acts of interference
        2. Safeguards to protect employers’ organisations against acts of interference
      2. Acts covered by the legislative protection
      3. Remedies and sanctions foreseen against acts of interference
      4. Procedural safeguards recognized in the legislation
    3. Legal arrangements for workers’ and trade union representatives
      1. Time off from work to carry out their functions in the undertakings
      2. Protection against loss of pay or social and fringe benefits for taking time off to carry out their functions
      3. Time off from work to attend trade union meetings, training courses, seminars, congresses and conferences
      4. Access to all workplaces in the undertaking to carry out their functions
      5. Access to the management in the undertaking and to management representatives empowered to take decisions
      6. Regular collection of trade union dues on the premises of the undertaking
      7. Posting of trade union notices
      8. Distribution of trade union news sheets, pamphlets, publications among workers of the undertakings
      9. Access to material facilities and information where necessary for the exercise of their functions
      10. Access to the undertaking for trade union representatives not employed in the undertaking
      11. Confidentiality provisions
  4. +Tripartite social dialogue
    1. Legal and institutional framework
      1. Main tripartite (or tripartite plus) social dialogue institution(s) that serve as the umbrella institution(s) of general nature at national level
      2. Legal status of institution(s)
      3. Please provide a brief description of the institution(s), including their role, aims, composition, functions, decision-making process, and any other relevant information
      4. Founding instrument of the institution(s)
      5. Number of members in the main decision-making body of the institution(s)
      6. Representatives other than workers, employers and government included in the institution(s)
      7. Mandate of the institution(s)
      8. Legal effect of the decisions made by the institution(s)
      9. Source of budget and funds for the functioning of the institution(s)
    2. Practical information
      1. Major tripartite agreements, social pacts, or contributions to legislation that have been made within the institution(s)
      2. Proportion of members who are women in the main decision-making body of the institution(s)
  5. +Information and consultation at the workplace
    1. Information and consultation at the workplace
      1. Procedures and bodies that promote information sharing and consultation between workers and employers at the workplace
      2. Legal status of workers' representatives and information sharing and consultation procedures
      3. Minimum number of workers required for the establishment of information sharing and consultation procedures, or bodies
      4. Formalities for the election of workers’ representatives
        1. Unionized workplaces
        2. Non-unionized workplaces
      5. Protection granted to workers' representatives against acts prejudicial to them
      6. Registration of information sharing and consultation bodies, the outcomes of such procedures, or joint decisions
      7. Legal definitions of the issues covered in information sharing, consultation, or joint decision-making
        1. Information sharing
        2. Consultation
        3. Joint decision-making
      8. Frequency of information sharing and consultation procedures
      9. Dispute resolution mechanisms for disputes arising from the interpretation or implementation of the outcomes of information sharing, consultation, or joint decision-making
  6. +Collective bargaining
    1. Scope of collective bargaining 
      1. Scope of collective bargaining 
    2. Recognition of organizations for the purposes of collective bargaining
      1. Representativity requirements for trade unions to negotiate a collective agreement 
      2. Representativity requirements for an employer or employers’ organization to negotiate a collective agreement
      3. Procedures for the recognition of bargaining agents
      4. Negotiation with workers’ representatives in the absence of a trade union
    3. Legal effects of collective agreements
      1. The relationship between collective agreements and statutory provisions
      2. The relationship between collective agreements reached at different levels
      3. The relationship between collective agreements and individual employment contracts
    4. Trade union security
      1. Types of union security clauses or agreements permitted
        1. Closed shop agreements
        2. Agency shop agreements
        3. Other
    5. Endorsement / ratification of draft collective agreements
      1. Rules for the endorsement or ratification of draft collective agreements by members of the signatory organizations
    6. Observance / compliance
      1. Binding effect of collective agreements on signatory parties
    7. Duration
      1. Duration of a collective agreement
      2. Validity / ultra-activity of collective agreements after expiration
      3. Termination / denunciation of an agreement
    8. Coverage
      1. Applicability of collective agreements to non-signatory parties in organized workplaces
    9. Extension of collective agreements
      1. Procedures for the extension of collective agreements to non-signatory parties
      2. Initiating party for the extension of collective agreements
      3. Conditions for the extension of collective agreements
      4. Subject matters that are outside the scope of extension
      5. Mechanisms for exemption from the binding effects of an extended collective agreement
    10. Procedural provisions / formalities
      1. Requirements for bargaining in good faith
      2. Registration of collective agreements
      3. Amendment of collective agreements
      4. Other formalities for concluding collective agreements
    11. Categories of workers excluded from collective bargaining
      1. Exclusions
        1. Police / security forces
        2. Military (defence) forces
        3. Public / civil servants (Managerial and supervisory staff only)
        4. Others
  7. +Labour disputes and their resolution
    1. Conciliation / mediation of labour disputes
      1. Conciliation and mediation mechanisms for disputes arising out of industrial relations 
        1. Voluntary mediation / conciliation
        2. Compulsory mediation / conciliation
      2. Institutions and bodies with authority to provide mediation / conciliation services 
    2. Arbitration of labour disputes
      1. Arbitration mechanisms for collective disputes
        1. Voluntary arbitration
        2. Other
      2. Institutions and bodies with authority to provide arbitration services
      3. Binding effect of arbitration awards
      4. Appeals to the labour court for arbitration awards
    3. Modalities of strike action
      1. Advance notice and cooling-off period
      2. Exhaustion of dispute resolution procedures prior to strikes
        1. Mediation / conciliation
        2. Voluntary arbitration
      3. Strike ballots
    4. Scope of strike action
      1. Purposes of the strike
      2. Exclusions
        1. Police / security forces
        2. Military (defence) forces
        3. Public / civil servants
        4. Other
      3. Restrictions relating to public services, essential services or acute national crises
      4. Compensatory guarantees
      5. Minimum services
      6. Restrictions on strikes during the term of a collective agreement
      7. Picketing, occupation of the workplace and prohibition of violence
      8. Requisitioning of strikers and hiring of replacement workers
      9. Sanctions for unlawful strikes
    5. Lockout
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