Observation (CEACR) - adopted 2022, published 111st ILC session (2023)

Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) - Romania (Ratification: 1957)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It is therefore bound to repeat its previous comments.

Repetition

The Committee notes the Government’s reply to the comments submitted by: (i) the International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC); and (ii) the Block of National Trade Unions (BNS); Confederation of Democratic Trade Unions of Romania (CSDR); and the National Trade Union Confederation (CNS “CARTEL ALFA”), referring to matters examined in this observation.

Article 2 of the Convention. Right of workers to establish and join organizations of their own choosing. Threshold requirements. The Committee notes that in its 2018 observations, the ITUC pointed out that section 3(2) of the Social Dialogue Act (SDA) imposes a minimum requirement of 15 founding members of the same company to set up a union. It further notes that according to the ITUC, this constitutes an insurmountable barrier in a country where the majority of employers are small and medium-sized enterprises, given that 92.5 per cent of all enterprises in Romania employ less than 15 workers and therefore this requirement denies over 1 million workers (42 per cent of the employees) the right to unionize. The Committee notes that in its observations, the CNS “CARTEL ALFA”, the BNS and the CSDR raised similar concerns regarding the minimum membership requirements. Noting that the Government does not provide observations in this regard, the Committee recalls that, while it has found that the establishment of a minimum membership requirement in itself is not incompatible with the Convention, it has always been of the view that the number should be fixed in a reasonable manner so that the establishment of organizations is not hindered. It also considers that this criterion should be assessed in relation to the level at which the organization is to be established (for example, at the industry or enterprise level) and the size of the enterprise (see the 2012 General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, paragraph 89).The Committee requests the Government, in full consultation with the most representative workers and employers’ organizations, to review the minimum membership criteria taking into consideration the high prevalence of small and medium-sized enterprises in the country so as to ensure the right of all workers to form and join the organizations of their own choosing. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on progress made in this respect.

Scope of the Convention. Retired workers. The Committee had recalled that legislation should not prevent dismissed workers and retirees from joining trade unions, if they so wish, particularly when they have participated in the activity represented by the union. The Committee takes due note of the Government’s information that the legislation does not prohibit the maintenance of the membership, or election in the union leadership, in case of dismissal or retirement since the trade union organization and its relations with its members are established by the trade union’s statutes according to section 32 of Law No. 62/2011.

Non-standard forms of work. The Committee notes that in its 2018 observations, the ITUC points out that pursuant to section 3(1) of the SDA, day labourers, self-employed workers and workers engaged in atypical employment relationships, which constitute an estimated 25.5 per cent of the total employed population in Romania, are excluded from the scope of the SDA and therefore cannot exercise their trade union rights.Recalling that all workers and employers, without distinction whatsoever, shall have the right to establish and, subject only to the rules of the organization concerned, to join organizations of their own choosing without previous authorization, the Committee requests the Government to provide its comments thereon. It further invites the Government, in consultation with the social partners, to consider any necessary measures to ensure that workers engaged in non-standard forms of work can benefit from the trade union rights enshrined in the Convention.

Article 3. Right of workers’ organizations to organize their administration, as well as their activities. In its previous comments, the Committee had requested the Government to take measures to: (i) delete or amend section 2(2) of the SDA, according to which workers organizations shall not carry out political activities; and (ii) delete or amend section 26(2) of the SDA, in order to avoid excessive control of trade union finances (powers afforded to state administrative bodies to control the economic and financial activity and payment of debts to the state budget).Noting from the Government’s report that no progress has been achieved, the Committee requests the Government to take measures to delete or amend the above-mentioned sections of the SDA, so as to bring them into line with the Convention.

With respect to the consultations undertaken at the National Tripartite Council for Social Dialogue with a view to amend the SDA, the Committee is addressing these issues in the context of the observations on Convention No. 98.

The Committee is raising other matters in a request addressed directly to the Government.

The Committee hopes that the Government will make every effort to take the necessary action in the near future.