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Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) - Chad (Ratification: 1966)

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Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2022, published 111st ILC session (2023)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments.

Repetition
Legislation. The Committee notes that the Labour Code is still in the process of being adopted. The Committee once again expresses the hope that the draft new Labour Code, the drafting of which has been ongoing since 2013, will be adopted soon and that, like the current Labour Code, it will give effect to the Convention.
Article 2 of the Convention. Collective agreements. Cooperation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. In its previous comments, the Committee emphasized that section 42 of the general collective agreement is more restrictive than the Labour Code, which provides for equal remuneration for work of equal value for men and women. The Government merely indicates that the regulations currently in use are outdated and that, once the new Labour Code has been adopted, implementing regulations will follow. The Committee emphasizes that the issue is not with the legislation, which is in conformity with the principle of the Convention, but with the general collective agreement, which provides that pay for women and men workers shall be equal “under equal conditions of work, length of service and professional qualifications”.The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary steps, in the context of the Higher Committee for Labour and Social Security and the National Council for Social Dialogue or Other Consultations, to raise the awareness of the social partners regarding the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value in order to encourage them to include a clause to this effect in the general collective agreement when the latter is renegotiated. In view of the lack of information on this point, the Committee once again requests the Government to indicate whether, in accordance with section 379 of the Labour Code, there are any plans to revise the general collective agreement on wages and occupational classifications, and once again requests it to send a copy of the appendices to this agreement establishing occupational classifications for each sector of activity.
Enforcement. Labour inspection. The Committee notes that the Government provides only general information on the employer’s register which features in inspections.Recalling the important role of labour inspectors in ensuring the application of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value, the Committee requests the Government to take the necessary steps to be able to identify discrimination and inequalities relating to pay for men and women workers and to offer advice on the most effective ways to put an end to such practices. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any labour inspection activities carried out specifically in this sphere.
Statistics. The Committee notes that the Government’s report does not contain any information on this point.The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary steps to collect information on the employment of men and women, disaggregated by sex, economic sector and occupation, including in the public sector, and on their respective earnings, and requests the Government to provide all available data.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2020, published 109th ILC session (2021)

Legislation. The Committee notes that the Labour Code is still in the process of being adopted. The Committee once again expresses the hope that the draft new Labour Code, the drafting of which has been ongoing since 2013, will be adopted soon and that, like the current Labour Code, it will give effect to the Convention.

Article 2 of the Convention. Collective agreements. Cooperation with employers’ and workers’ organizations. In its previous comments, the Committee emphasized that section 42 of the general collective agreement is more restrictive than the Labour Code, which provides for equal remuneration for work of equal value for men and women. The Government merely indicates that the regulations currently in use are outdated and that, once the new Labour Code has been adopted, implementing regulations will follow. The Committee emphasizes that the issue is not with the legislation, which is in conformity with the principle of the Convention, but with the general collective agreement, which provides that pay for women and men workers shall be equal “under equal conditions of work, length of service and professional qualifications”. The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary steps, in the context of the Higher Committee for Labour and Social Security and the National Council for Social Dialogue or Other Consultations, to raise the awareness of the social partners regarding the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value in order to encourage them to include a clause to this effect in the general collective agreement when the latter is renegotiated. In view of the lack of information on this point, the Committee once again requests the Government to indicate whether, in accordance with section 379 of the Labour Code, there are any plans to revise the general collective agreement on wages and occupational classifications, and once again requests it to send a copy of the appendices to this agreement establishing occupational classifications for each sector of activity.

Enforcement. Labour inspection. The Committee notes that the Government provides only general information on the employer’s register which features in inspections. Recalling the important role of labour inspectors in ensuring the application of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value, the Committee requests the Government to take the necessary steps to be able to identify discrimination and inequalities relating to pay for men and women workers and to offer advice on the most effective ways to put an end to such practices. The Committee requests the Government to provide information on any labour inspection activities carried out specifically in this sphere.

Statistics. The Committee notes that the Government’s report does not contain any information on this point. The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary steps to collect information on the employment of men and women, disaggregated by sex, economic sector and occupation, including in the public sector, and on their respective earnings, and requests the Government to provide all available data.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2018, published 108th ILC session (2019)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous comments initially made in 2015.

Repetition

Legislation. The Committee recalls that section 246 of the Labour Code provides for equal remuneration for employees for work of equal value, irrespective of their origin, nationality, sex and age. The Committee hopes that the draft new Labour Code that is currently being formulated will be adopted soon and will give effect to the Convention in the same way as the current Labour Code.

Article 2 of the Convention. Collective agreements. In its previous comments, the Committee noted that clause 42 of the general collective agreement is more restrictive than the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value laid down in the Labour Code and the Convention, as it provides that wages for men and women workers shall be equal under “equal conditions of work, length of service and professional qualifications”. In its report, the Government confines itself to recalling that, as the principle of equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value is set out in the Labour Code, all enterprises are bound to ensure that it is applied, and adds that the collective agreements in force set the same remuneration rates for workers of both sexes performing the same work. In this regard, the Committee recalls that the principle set out in the Convention goes beyond equal remuneration for “equal”, “similar”, “the same” or “substantially similar” work, as it includes comparison between jobs that are different but which are of equal value and therefore involves the use of objective evaluation methods to determine the value of jobs. The Committee once again requests the Government to take the necessary measures to encourage the social partners to include a clause establishing the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value in the general collective agreement when it is renegotiated. In the absence of information on this point, the Committee once again requests the Government to indicate whether, pursuant to section 379 of the Labour Code, it is planned to revise the clauses of the general collective agreement that relate to wages and occupational classifications, and to provide a copy of any appendices to the agreement that establish occupational classifications for each sector of activity.

Article 4. Collaboration with the social partners. The Committee notes the Government’s indications that collaboration with the social partners takes place within the framework of the High Committee for Labour and Social Security and the National Social Dialogue Council. The Committee requests the Government to indicate whether matters relating to the implementation in practice of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women, particularly through the objective appraisal of jobs based on appropriate methods, have been addressed by these bodies or in the context of other consultations with the social partners. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on any activities undertaken by workers’ and employers’ organizations to familiarize their members with the principle laid down in the Labour Code and the Convention and to promote its application in practice.

Enforcement. Labour inspection. The Committee notes that, according to the Government’s report, labour inspectors encourage employers during inspections to give effect to the principle of equal remuneration and have not reported any complaints of discrimination in relation to remuneration. As no society is free from discrimination, the Committee also recalls that, in addition to the adoption of legislation to apply the principle set out in the Convention, it is also important to address the deep-rooted and persistent causes of wage discrimination which exist in all countries to varying degrees. Sexist stereotypes (which are based on a traditional view of the respective roles of men and women on the labour market and in society, particularly in relation to family responsibilities) and occupational segregation (which channels workers into certain sectors and occupations, based on their gender) are still the main obstacles to the application of the Convention (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraphs 712–714). With reference to the comments that it has been making since 2006, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the resources and tools made available to labour inspectors to enable them to identify wage discrimination and unequal pay between men and women and to provide advice on the best means of bringing such inequality to an end in practice, as well as information on any penalties imposed and compensation ordered. The Committee would also like to be provided with information on the measures taken or envisaged to raise awareness among the public at large and the social partners concerning the principle set out in the Convention.

Statistics. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide all available statistical information, disaggregated by sex, on the employment of men and women in the various sectors of activity and occupations, including the public sector, and on their respective earnings.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2015, published 105th ILC session (2016)

Legislation. The Committee recalls that section 246 of the Labour Code provides for equal remuneration for employees for work of equal value, irrespective of their origin, nationality, sex and age. The Committee hopes that the draft new Labour Code that is currently being formulated will be adopted soon and will give effect to the Convention in the same way as the current Labour Code.

Article 2 of the Convention. Collective agreements. In its previous comments, the Committee noted that clause 42 of the general collective agreement is more restrictive than the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value laid down in the Labour Code and the Convention, as it provides that wages for men and women workers shall be equal under “equal conditions of work, length of service and professional qualifications”. In its report, the Government confines itself to recalling that, as the principle of equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value is set out in the Labour Code, all enterprises are bound to ensure that it is applied, and adds that the collective agreements in force set the same remuneration rates for workers of both sexes performing the same work. In this regard, the Committee recalls that the principle set out in the Convention goes beyond equal remuneration for “equal”, “similar”, “the same” or “substantially similar” work, as it includes comparison between jobs that are different but which are of equal value and therefore involves the use of objective evaluation methods to determine the value of jobs. The Committee once again requests the Government to take the necessary measures to encourage the social partners to include a clause establishing the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value in the general collective agreement when it is renegotiated. In the absence of information on this point, the Committee once again requests the Government to indicate whether, pursuant to section 379 of the Labour Code, it is planned to revise the clauses of the general collective agreement that relate to wages and occupational classifications, and to provide a copy of any appendices to the agreement that establish occupational classifications for each sector of activity.

Article 4. Collaboration with the social partners. The Committee notes the Government’s indications that collaboration with the social partners takes place within the framework of the High Committee for Labour and Social Security and the National Social Dialogue Council. The Committee requests the Government to indicate whether matters relating to the implementation in practice of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women, particularly through the objective appraisal of jobs based on appropriate methods, have been addressed by these bodies or in the context of other consultations with the social partners. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on any activities undertaken by workers’ and employers’ organizations to familiarize their members with the principle laid down in the Labour Code and the Convention and to promote its application in practice.

Enforcement. Labour inspection. The Committee notes that, according to the Government’s report, labour inspectors encourage employers during inspections to give effect to the principle of equal remuneration and have not reported any complaints of discrimination in relation to remuneration. As no society is free from discrimination, the Committee also recalls that, in addition to the adoption of legislation to apply the principle set out in the Convention, it is also important to address the deep-rooted and persistent causes of wage discrimination which exist in all countries to varying degrees. Sexist stereotypes (which are based on a traditional view of the respective roles of men and women on the labour market and in society, particularly in relation to family responsibilities) and occupational segregation (which channels workers into certain sectors and occupations, based on their gender) are still the main obstacles to the application of the Convention (see General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, 2012, paragraphs 712–714). With reference to the comments that it has been making since 2006, the Committee once again requests the Government to provide information on the resources and tools made available to labour inspectors to enable them to identify wage discrimination and unequal pay between men and women and to provide advice on the best means of bringing such inequality to an end in practice, as well as information on any penalties imposed and compensation ordered. The Committee would also like to be provided with information on the measures taken or envisaged to raise awareness among the public at large and the social partners concerning the principle set out in the Convention.

Statistics. The Committee once again requests the Government to provide all available statistical information, disaggregated by sex, on the employment of men and women in the various sectors of activity and occupations, including the public sector, and on their respective earnings.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2013, published 103rd ILC session (2014)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report does not reply to its previous comments but merely indicates that the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value is enshrined in law and applies to all workers.

Article 2 of the Convention. Collective agreements. The Committee recalls that clause 42 of the general collective agreement applying to workers in the Republic of Chad, which provides that “for equal conditions of work, length of service and professional qualification, wages shall be equal for all workers, whatever their age, sex and status”, is narrower than the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value laid down in the Labour Code (section 246) and in the Convention. The Committee requests the Government to take the necessary steps to encourage the social partners to include a clause establishing the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value in the abovementioned collective agreement when it is next renegotiated, and to provide detailed information on any measures taken in this regard. It also asks the Government to indicate whether, pursuant to section 379 of the Labour Code, it envisages revising the clauses of the general collective agreement that relate to wages and occupational classifications, and to provide a copy of any appendices to the abovementioned agreement that establish occupational classifications for each sector of activity.

Article 4. Collaboration with the social partners. The Committee again asks the Government to indicate the activities it has undertaken specifically with the employers’ organizations and workers’ organizations to promote equality in employment and occupation and, more particularly, the implementation of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. It also asks the Government to provide information on the activities undertaken by the social partners themselves to foster better understanding and application of the principle laid down in the Labour Code and the Convention.

Enforcement. Labour inspection. The Committee notes that the Government merely indicates that labour inspectors ensure application of the Convention by means of inspections. The Committee requests the Government to provide details of the results of labour inspections (number of workplaces visited and men and women workers covered, infringements, reports, sanctions imposed, etc.) in order to enforce section 246 of the Labour Code. With reference to its previous comments, the Committee requests the Government to provide information on the resources and tools available to labour inspectors to enable them to identify wage discrimination and unequal pay, furnish advice on the best means of addressing it effectively and any remedies provided or sanctions imposed.

Statistics. Please provide all available statistical information, disaggregated by sex, on the employment of men and women in the various sectors of activity and occupations, including the public sector, and on their respective earnings.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2012, published 102nd ILC session (2013)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Repetition
Articles 2 and 4 of the Convention. Application of the principle by means of collective agreements. Cooperation with the social partners. The Committee notes that the Government’s report does not contain any reply to its previous comment concerning the limited nature of the principle of equal remuneration laid down in section 42 of the general collective agreement applicable to workers in the Republic of Chad. It is bound to emphasize once again that the guarantee offered to men and women workers by this collective agreement is narrower than that provided for by section 246 of the Labour Code, as it does not give full effect to the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value, as established by Article 1 of the Convention. The Committee therefore asks the Government to clarify the practical scope of section 42 of the collective agreement concerning equal remuneration and to indicate in what manner it is ensured, in law and in practice, that men and women workers receive equal remuneration when they perform work of equal value. It also asks the Government to supply information on any measures taken to encourage the social partners to include a clause establishing the principle of equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value in the abovementioned collective agreement when it is renegotiated. Finally, the Government is requested once again to send copies of the appendices to the agreement establishing professional classifications for each sector of activity, which, contrary to what was stated, were not attached to the report.
With reference to its previous comments, the Committee notes that, according to the Government, cooperation with the women’s committees of trade unions which are striving for equality in employment, vocation and remuneration is not working effectively. However, it underlines the key role that the social partners can play in the elimination of discrimination in collective agreements and in the promotion and implementation of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. The Committee asks the Government to take the necessary steps to encourage the development of this cooperation, not only with trade unions and their women’s committees but also with employers’ organization, and to supply information on the actions taken in this respect and also on the results achieved. The Government is also requested to supply such detailed information as is possible on the following:
(i) specific activities which it is undertaking with regard to the employers’ organization and workers’ organizations to promote equality in employment and occupation and, in particular, the implementation of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value;
(ii) the initiatives taken by the High Committee for Labour and Social Security, a tripartite advisory body established pursuant to section 327 of the Labour Code, in the area of combating inequalities relating to pay;
(iii) the activities undertaken by the social partners themselves to promote a better understanding and application of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value and, in particular, of the concept of “work of equal value”.
Practical application of the Convention. Labour inspection. With reference to the Government’s statement that, in the absence of an objective complaint, it considers that there is nothing to report, the Committee is bound to recall that the absence of a reported infringement, a lodged complaint or even a court decision issued in the area of pay discrimination in no way signifies that no problems exist with regard to the practical application of the Convention. In this respect, the Committee notes the Government’s statement that it intends to enhance the conditions of work of labour inspectors in order to enable them to carry out inspections in the field. It also draws the Government’s attention to the need to take steps to raise the awareness of these major players in the area of equality regarding the need to promote the application of the principle established by the Convention and to ensure a clear understanding of the principle of “work of equal value”, and the need to use appropriate methods for objective job evaluation. The Committee hopes that the Government will equip labour inspectors in the near future with the necessary resources and tools to enable them to identify discrimination in the area of pay, provide advice on the best ways of putting an effective stop to it and, if necessary, impose penalties, and it requests the Government to provide information on the measures taken to this end, and also on the results of inspections undertaken (number of workplaces visited and numbers of men and women workers covered, infringements reported, reports drawn up, penalties imposed, etc.).
Statistics. With reference to its previous request which received no reply, the Committee again asks the Government to provide information and statistics in support of the results of the survey undertaken in 42 enterprises concerning the application of the present Convention and the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111), particularly the numbers of men and women working in these enterprises, the numbers of men and women who have been promoted and trained, their levels of pay and also their respective posts. The Government is also requested to provide any recent available statistics, disaggregated by sex, relating to wages in the public and private sectors.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2011, published 101st ILC session (2012)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Repetition
Articles 2 and 4 of the Convention. Application of the principle by means of collective agreements. Cooperation with the social partners. The Committee notes that the Government’s report does not contain any reply to its previous comment concerning the limited nature of the principle of equal remuneration laid down in section 42 of the general collective agreement applicable to workers in the Republic of Chad. It is bound to emphasize once again that the guarantee offered to men and women workers by this collective agreement is narrower than that provided for by section 246 of the Labour Code, as it does not give full effect to the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value, as established by Article 1 of the Convention. The Committee therefore asks the Government to clarify the practical scope of section 42 of the collective agreement concerning equal remuneration and to indicate in what manner it is ensured, in law and in practice, that men and women workers receive equal remuneration when they perform work of equal value. It also asks the Government to supply information on any measures taken to encourage the social partners to include a clause establishing the principle of equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value in the abovementioned collective agreement when it is renegotiated. Finally, the Government is requested once again to send copies of the appendices to the agreement establishing professional classifications for each sector of activity, which, contrary to what was stated, were not attached to the report.
With reference to its previous comments, the Committee notes that, according to the Government, cooperation with the women’s committees of trade unions which are striving for equality in employment, vocation and remuneration is not working effectively. However, it underlines the key role that the social partners can play in the elimination of discrimination in collective agreements and in the promotion and implementation of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. The Committee asks the Government to take the necessary steps to encourage the development of this cooperation, not only with trade unions and their women’s committees but also with employers’ organization, and to supply information on the actions taken in this respect and also on the results achieved. The Government is also requested to supply such detailed information as is possible on the following:
(i) specific activities which it is undertaking with regard to the employers’ organization and workers’ organizations to promote equality in employment and occupation and, in particular, the implementation of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value;
(ii) the initiatives taken by the High Committee for Labour and Social Security, a tripartite advisory body established pursuant to section 327 of the Labour Code, in the area of combating inequalities relating to pay;
(iii) the activities undertaken by the social partners themselves to promote a better understanding and application of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value and, in particular, of the concept of “work of equal value”.
Practical application of the Convention. Labour inspection. With reference to the Government’s statement that, in the absence of an objective complaint, it considers that there is nothing to report, the Committee is bound to recall that the absence of a reported infringement, a lodged complaint or even a court decision issued in the area of pay discrimination in no way signifies that no problems exist with regard to the practical application of the Convention. In this respect, the Committee notes the Government’s statement that it intends to enhance the conditions of work of labour inspectors in order to enable them to carry out inspections in the field. It also draws the Government’s attention to the need to take steps to raise the awareness of these major players in the area of equality regarding the need to promote the application of the principle established by the Convention and to ensure a clear understanding of the principle of “work of equal value”, and the need to use appropriate methods for objective job evaluation. The Committee hopes that the Government will equip labour inspectors in the near future with the necessary resources and tools to enable them to identify discrimination in the area of pay, provide advice on the best ways of putting an effective stop to it and, if necessary, impose penalties, and it requests the Government to provide information on the measures taken to this end, and also on the results of inspections undertaken (number of workplaces visited and numbers of men and women workers covered, infringements reported, reports drawn up, penalties imposed, etc.).
Statistics. With reference to its previous request which received no reply, the Committee again asks the Government to provide information and statistics in support of the results of the survey undertaken in 42 enterprises concerning the application of the present Convention and the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111), particularly the numbers of men and women working in these enterprises, the numbers of men and women who have been promoted and trained, their levels of pay and also their respective posts. The Government is also requested to provide any recent available statistics, disaggregated by sex, relating to wages in the public and private sectors.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2009, published 99th ILC session (2010)

Articles 2 and 4 of the Convention. Application of the principle by means of collective agreements. Cooperation with the social partners. The Committee notes that the Government’s report does not contain any reply to its previous comment concerning the limited nature of the principle of equal remuneration laid down in section 42 of the general collective agreement applicable to workers in the Republic of Chad. It is bound to emphasize once again that the guarantee offered to men and women workers by this collective agreement is narrower than that provided for by section 246 of the Labour Code, as it does not give full effect to the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value, as established by Article 1 of the Convention. The Committee therefore asks the Government to clarify the practical scope of section 42 of the collective agreement concerning equal remuneration and to indicate in what manner it is ensured, in law and in practice, that men and women workers receive equal remuneration when they perform work of equal value. It also asks the Government to supply information on any measures taken to encourage the social partners to include a clause establishing the principle of equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value in the abovementioned collective agreement when it is renegotiated. Finally, the Government is requested once again to send copies of the appendices to the agreement establishing professional classifications for each sector of activity, which, contrary to what was stated, were not attached to the report.

With reference to its previous comments, the Committee notes that, according to the Government, cooperation with the women’s committees of trade unions which are striving for equality in employment, vocation and remuneration is not working effectively. However, it underlines the key role that the social partners can play in the elimination of discrimination in collective agreements and in the promotion and implementation of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. The Committee asks the Government to take the necessary steps to encourage the development of this cooperation, not only with trade unions and their women’s committees but also with employers’ organization, and to supply information on the actions taken in this respect and also on the results achieved. The Government is also requested to supply such detailed information as is possible on the following:

(i) specific activities which it is undertaking with regard to the employers’ organization and workers’ organizations to promote equality in employment and occupation and, in particular, the implementation of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value;

(ii) the initiatives taken by the High Committee for Labour and Social Security, a tripartite advisory body established pursuant to section 327 of the Labour Code, in the area of combating inequalities relating to pay;

(iii) the activities undertaken by the social partners themselves to promote a better understanding and application of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value and, in particular, of the concept of “work of equal value”.

Practical application of the Convention. Inspection. With reference to the Government’s statement that, in the absence of an objective complaint, it considers that there is nothing to report, the Committee is bound to recall that the absence of a reported infringement, a lodged complaint or even a court decision issued in the area of pay discrimination in no way signifies that no problems exist with regard to the practical application of the Convention. In this respect, the Committee notes the Government’s statement that it intends to enhance the conditions of work of labour inspectors in order to enable them to carry out inspections in the field. It also draws the Government’s attention to the need to take steps to raise the awareness of these major players in the area of equality regarding the need to promote the application of the principle established by the Convention and to ensure a clear understanding of the principle of “work of equal value”, and the need to use appropriate methods for objective job evaluation. The Committee hopes that the Government will equip labour inspectors in the near future with the necessary resources and tools to enable them to identify discrimination in the area of pay, provide advice on the best ways of putting an effective stop to it and, if necessary, impose penalties, and it requests the Government to provide information on the measures taken to this end, and also on the results of inspections undertaken (number of workplaces visited and numbers of men and women workers covered, infringements reported, reports drawn up, penalties imposed, etc.).

Statistics. With reference to its previous request which received no reply, the Committee again asks the Government to provide information and statistics in support of the results of the survey undertaken in 42 enterprises concerning the application of the present Convention and the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111), particularly the numbers of men and women working in these enterprises, the numbers of men and women who have been promoted and trained, their levels of pay and also their respective posts. The Government is also requested to provide any recent available statistics, disaggregated by sex, relating to wages in the public and private sectors.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2008, published 98th ILC session (2009)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report contains no reply to its previous comments. It hopes that the next report will include full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s brief report, as well as the text of the present General Collective Agreement which states in article 42 that, given equal working conditions, seniority and professional qualifications, salaries shall be equal for all workers regardless of their age, sex or status. The Committee wishes to remind the Government, however, that the principle expressed in Article 1(b) of the Convention applies not only to equal or the same work but also to work of equal value. Considering that the Labour Code guarantees the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value in article 246, and given that collective agreements may not derogate from the guarantees granted under the Labour Code according to article 339, the Committee asks the Government to indicate whether the General Collective Agreement, in practice, ensures equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. The Committee also asks the Government to provide in its next report the annexes to the General Collective Agreement which determine the professional classifications for each sector of activity.

For several years now, the Committee has requested information on the Government’s study in which 42 enterprises were surveyed on the application of this Convention and the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111). It recalls the Government’s indication that the findings of this survey revealed no discrimination in relation to either recruitment, promotion and training or remuneration. The Committee again asks the Government to provide the survey results in support of these findings, in particular data on the number of men and women recruited, promoted and trained, as well as their occupations and wage levels. Please also include the wage scales for the enterprises that participated in the study. More generally, the Committee hopes the Government will be in a position to gather and provide statistical information, disaggregated by sex, in accordance with its 1998 general observation on this Convention for both the public and private sectors.

Recalling the Government’s information on the “Cellule de liaison et d’information des associations féminines” (coordination unit for women’s associations), the Committee again invites the Government to provide information on its collaboration with women’s committees of trade unions and on the activities it carries out in relation to the promotion of equality in employment and occupation and, in particular, to equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Parts III, IV and V of the report form. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that it does not at present have any statistics on the reports from the inspection services. It further notes that, to date, no case dealing with the application of the principle of Convention No. 100 has ever been decided by a court of law. The Committee reminds the Government that simply because there have been no cases dealing with equal remuneration does not mean that the problem does not exist in practice. The Committee stresses, therefore, the need for information that will help it gain an appreciation of how the Convention is applied, including cases identified by the labour inspectorate or any cases lodged on matters of equal remuneration. The Committee also asks the Government to indicate what measures it is considering or putting into place to strengthen the supervision of equal remuneration for work of equal value through, for example, targeted training for labour inspectors or the greater sensitization and involvement of workers and employers in the inspection process.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2007, published 97th ILC session (2008)

1. Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. The Committee notes the Government’s brief report as well as the text of the present General Collective Agreement which states in article 42 that, given equal working conditions, seniority and professional qualifications, salaries shall be equal for all workers regardless of their age, sex or status. The Committee wishes to remind the Government, however, that the principle expressed in Article 1(b) of the Convention applies not only to equal or the same work but also to work of equal value. Considering that the Labour Code guarantees the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value in article 246, and given that collective agreements may not derogate from the guarantees granted under the Labour Code according to article 339, the Committee asks the Government to indicate whether the General Collective Agreement, in practice, ensures equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. The Committee also asks the Government to provide in its next report the annexes to the General Collective Agreement which determine the professional classifications for each sector of activity.

2. For several years now, the Committee has requested information on the Government’s study in which 42 enterprises were surveyed on the application of this Convention and the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111). It recalls the Government’s indication that the findings of this survey revealed no discrimination in relation either to recruitment, promotion and training or remuneration. The Committee again asks the Government to provide the survey results in support of these findings, in particular data on the number of men and women recruited, promoted and trained, as well as their occupations and wage levels. Please also include the wage scales for the enterprises that participated in the study. More generally, the Committee hopes the Government will be in a position to gather and provide statistical information, disaggregated by sex, in accordance with its 1998 general observation on this Convention for both the public and private sectors.

3. Recalling the Government’s information on the coordination unit for women’s associations (“Cellule de liaison et d’information des associations féminines”), the Committee again invites the Government to provide information on its collaboration with women’s committees of trade unions and on the activities it carries out in relation to the promotion of equality in employment and occupation and, in particular, to equal remuneration for work of equal value.

4. Parts III, IV and V of the report form. The Committee notes the Government’s statement that it does not at present have any statistics on the reports from the inspection services. It further notes that to date, no case dealing with the application of the principle of Convention No. 100 has ever been decided by a court of law. The Committee reminds the Government that simply because there have been no cases dealing with equal remuneration does not mean that the problem does not exist in practice. The Committee stresses, therefore, the need for information that will help it gain an appreciation of how the Convention is applied, including cases identified by the labour inspectorate or any cases lodged on matters of equal remuneration. The Committee also asks the Government to indicate what measures it is considering or putting into place to strengthen the supervision of equal remuneration for work of equal value through, for example, targeted training for labour inspectors or the greater sensitization and involvement of workers and employers in the inspection process.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2006, published 96th ILC session (2007)

3. Recalling the Government’s information on the coordination unit for women’s associations (Cellule de liaison et d’information des associations féminines”), the Committee again invites the Government to provide information on its collaboration with women’s committees of trade unions and on the activities it carries out in relation to the promotion of equality in employment and occupation and, in particular, to equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2005, published 95th ILC session (2006)

1. The Committee notes Act No. 25/PR/94 of 22 July 1994 adopting a population policy declaration and Act No. 19/PR/95 of 4 September 1995, which declares a policy to integrate women in development (IDF). The Committee notes that the policy on population has the objective of eliminating all forms of discrimination against women, which hinder their integration into the development process. This policy promotes awareness raising of women’s rights as well as adapting education and training to employment needs in the private and public sectors. The Committee notes that the IDF policy includes objectives and measures regarding training and employment of women. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the measures taken or contemplated under these two policies and the results obtained with regard to improving women’s position in the labour market and guaranteeing equal remuneration for work of equal value.

2. The Committee notes the report on the survey on the application of Conventions Nos. 111 and 100 in 42 enterprises. It notes that the study found no discrimination in the surveyed enterprises in relation either to recruitment, promotion and training or to remuneration. The Committee would be grateful if the Government could provide statistical data in support of these findings, in particular data on the number of men and women recruited, promoted and trained, as well as their occupations and wage levels, so that the findings can be evaluated. Moreover, noting the study’s indication that in 98 per cent of the surveyed enterprises wages are determined through the wage scale established on the basis of professional categories contained in the General Collective Agreement and its annexes, the Committee asks the Government to provide the wage scale and the Agreement. It also invites the Government, in so far as possible, to collect and provide statistical information, disaggregated by sex, also on employment in accordance with its 1998 general observation on this Convention.

3. The Committee notes the Ministerial Order No. 300/MEN/DG/94 of the Ministry of National Education of 30 December 1994, which establishes the technical unit to promote girls’ education under the responsibility of the Director-General of the Ministry. It notes that traditional attitudes which prevented girls from going to school have changed in the areas covered and that in primary school the gap between boys and girls decreased, while at secondary and tertiary levels the presence of female students remained low. The Committee encourages the Government to continue supplying information on education and relevant promotional measures.

4. The Committee also notes the information on the coordination unit for women’s associations ("Cellule de Liaison et d’Information des Associations Feminines") and invites the Government to provide information on its collaboration with women’s committees of trade unions and on the activities it carries out in relation to the promotion of equality in employment and occupation and, in particular, to equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2003, published 92nd ILC session (2004)

The Committee notes that the Government’s report does not contain a reply to its previous comments. It must therefore repeat its previous direct request which read as follows:

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2002, published 91st ILC session (2003)

1. The Committee notes Act No. 25/PR/94 of 22 July 1994 adopting a population policy declaration and Act No. 19/PR/95 of 4 September 1995, which declares a policy to integrate women in development (IDF). The Committee notes that the policy on population has the objective of eliminating all forms of discrimination against women, which hinder their integration into the development process. This policy promotes awareness raising of women’s rights as well as adapting education and training to employment needs in the private and public sectors. The Committee notes that the IDF policy includes objectives and measures regarding training and employment of women. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the measures taken or contemplated under these two policies and the results obtained with regard to improving women’s position in the labour market and guaranteeing equal remuneration for work of equal value.

2. The Committee notes the report on the survey on the application of Conventions Nos. 111 and 100 in 42 enterprises. It notes that the study found no discrimination in the surveyed enterprises in relation either to recruitment, promotion and training or to remuneration. The Committee would be grateful if the Government could provide statistical data in support of these findings, in particular data on the number of men and women recruited, promoted and trained, as well as their occupations and wage levels, so that the findings can be evaluated. Moreover, noting the study’s indication that in 98 per cent of the surveyed enterprises wages are determined through the wage scale established on the basis of professional categories contained in the General Collective Agreement and its annexes, the Committee asks the Government to provide the wage scale and the Agreement. It also invites the Government, in so far as possible, to collect and provide statistical information, disaggregated by sex, also on employment in accordance with its 1998 general observation on this Convention.

3. The Committee notes the Ministerial Order No. 300/MEN/DG/94 of the Ministry of National Education of 30 December 1994, which establishes the technical unit to promote girls’ education under the responsibility of the Director-General of the Ministry. It notes that traditional attitudes which prevented girls from going to school have changed in the areas covered and that in primary school the gap between boys and girls decreased, while at secondary and tertiary levels the presence of female students remained low. The Committee encourages the Government to continue supplying information on education and relevant promotional measures.

4. The Committee also notes the information on the coordination unit for women’s associations ("Cellule de Liaison et d’Information des Associations Feminines") and invites the Government to provide information on its collaboration with women’s committees of trade unions and on the activities it carries out in relation to the promotion of equality in employment and occupation and, in particular, to equal remuneration for work of equal value.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 2001, published 90th ILC session (2002)

The Committee notes the Government’s report and the attached documentation.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1999, published 88th ILC session (2000)

The Committee notes that the Government's report contains no reply to its previous comments. It hopes that the next report will contain full information on the points raised in the Committee's earlier direct request, which read as follows:

[...]

1. The Committee notes the Government's report replying to its previous direct request. It notes that a policy to integrate women into development has just been adopted and that two focal points have been set up within the ministerial departments concerned to conduct studies on the situation of the women employed by these ministries. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide details of the content of its policy on equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value, which is the principle laid down by Article 1, paragraph 1, of the Convention.

2. The Committee notes that ad hoc surveys carried out in two companies employing a large number of women showed that women have the same rights and benefits as men. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would provide a copy of the conclusions of these surveys with its next report, particularly as they concern remuneration within the meaning of Article 1(a) of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1998, published 87th ILC session (1999)

The Committee notes that the Government's report contains no reply to previous comments. It hopes that the next report will include full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Observation (CEACR) - adopted 1998, published 87th ILC session (1999)

The Committee notes with interest the adoption, by Act No. 038/PR/96 of 11 December 1996, of a new Labour Code, sections 246 and 247 of which set out the principle of equal remuneration in accordance with the Convention. Under the terms of section 246 of the Labour Code, "all employers are bound to ensure, for the same work or for work of equal value, equal remuneration for employees, irrespective of their origin, nationality, sex and age, under the conditions provided for in the present Title" and a definition is provided of remuneration in terms which are identical to those of Article 1(a) of the Convention. Section 247 states that the various components of remuneration must be established according to identical standards for men and for women, that professional categories and classifications and the criteria for promotion must be common to workers of both sexes, and that methods for the evaluation of jobs must be based on objective and identical criteria, based essentially on the nature of the work involved in the jobs. This provision is in accordance with Article 3, paragraph 1, of the Convention.

The Committee is addressing a request directly to the Government on other matters.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1996, published 85th ILC session (1997)

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1995, published 82nd ILC session (1995)

The Committee notes with regret that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

1. The Committee notes the Government's statement that the labour inspection services have not recorded any complaints from women workers concerning discrimination in remuneration. It asks the Government to continue to supply in its future reports information on measures taken to ensure supervision of the application of the provisions of the Labour Code (section 141) that concern equal remuneration and the provisions of the General Collective Agreement that concern job classifications and, in particular, information on the activities of the labour inspectorate (violations recorded, sanctions imposed) and on court decisions concerning these matters.

2. The Committee notes that, according to the Government, female labour is concentrated in secretarial and typing jobs, whereas it is virtually absent from the road transport, engineering, construction, water supply and forestry sectors. The Committee again refers to paragraph 22 of its 1986 General Survey on Equal Remuneration and asks the Government to indicate the measures taken or contemplated to ensure that in sectors employing a majority of women, qualities traditionally considered as "peculiar to women" are properly evaluated in the light of the principle of equal remuneration for work of equal value.

3. Further to its general observation of 1990, the Committee hopes that the Government and the employers' and workers' organizations will endeavour to collect and analyse data on earnings and related factors in order to facilitate the application of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women workers for work of equal value. The Committee would be grateful if the Government would, if possible, provide information on any studies or surveys of this kind.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1995, published 83rd ILC session (1996)

1. The Committee notes the information supplied in the Government's report according to which remuneration is fixed according to the posts and categories, irrespective of the sex of the worker, in all sectors. The Government adds that objective job evaluation on the basis of the work to be performed has not yet been established. The Committee recalls that Article 3 of the Convention calls for measures to be taken to promote such objective appraisal of jobs. The Committee accordingly requests the Government to consider introducing such measures, perhaps in the context of the tripartite commission discussed below. It recalls that the technical assistance of the Office is available in this respect.

2. The Government reports that, together with employers' and workers' organizations, it is trying to establish a tripartite commission which would be responsible for gathering information relating to the principle of equal remuneration between the male and the female workforce for work of equal value; for the moment, however, no data collection or analysis of earnings has been carried out. The Committee asks the Government to inform it of progress in establishing this commission, and of any activities it undertakes towards collecting data on remuneration disaggregated by sex, and analysing any wage gap that emerges from this data, in an effort to ensure application of the principle of the Convention.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1994, published 81st ILC session (1994)

The Committee notes that the Government's report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1993, published 80th ILC session (1993)

With reference to its previous direct requests, the Committee notes the information supplied by the Government in its report.

Direct Request (CEACR) - adopted 1990, published 77th ILC session (1990)

The Committee notes the information supplied by the Government in reply to its previous comments.

1. In its previous comments, the Committee requested the Government to provide full particulars of disputes concerning the application of the principle of equal remuneration for men and women that might have come to the attention of the labour inspectorate. The Committee notes the indication that the labour inspectorate has not yet recorded any disputes of this nature. It asks the Government to provide as soon as possible information relating to point V of the report form on the manner in which practical effect is given to the Convention.

2. With regard to the criteria for appraising jobs applied in the private and public sectors, the Committee notes that section 26 of the General Collective Agreement enclosed with the report provides that the wage of each worker shall be determined on the basis of the job assigned to him or her in the enterprise. This provision also stipulates that all workers must be classified in one of the categories defined in section 43 of the same Agreement. The Committee also notes that the enterprise collective agreements for the various sectors, which supplement and clarify the General Collective Agreement, contain the same provisions.

Thus, the enterprise collective agreement of the Chad Cotton Company (COTONTCHAD) stipulates in section 14 that employees other than managers shall be classified in the wage scales according to the following criteria: training, qualifications, experience, professional value and the post held. Section 16 of the same Agreement, which concerns managers, establishes classification by category according to training, professional value, the importance of the post and the responsibilities involved. The Committee also notes that the General Collective Agreement must be observed by both public and private employers.

The Committee notes the Government's statement in its report that no services are reserved specifically for men or women and that the absence of women in certain services is due to the fact that there are no women possessing the necessary qualifications. In this connection, it refers to paragraph 22 of its 1986 General Survey on Equal Remuneration, which points out that "the fact that women workers are more heavily concentrated in certain jobs and in certain sectors of activity has to be taken into account so as to avoid or redress a biased evaluation of qualities traditionally considered as peculiar to women". It asks the Government to indicate in its next report the sectors or services where there are no women or where women are concentrated.