Colombia (2)
Title of the survey
Encuesta Anual Manufacturera (Annual Survey of Manufacturing)
Organization responsible
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE)
Periodicity of the survey
Annual
Objectives of the survey
To obtain basic information on manufacturing, to determine its
structure, evolution and development. Specifically: to determine the
composition of production and consumption of raw material, materials and
packaging in the sector; to produce basic statistics for the
calculation of economic aggregates and for the National Accounts; to
obtain economic indicators; to ascertain the characteristics of the
sample frame for surveys of manufacturing and for compiling and updating
the industrial register of Colombia.
Main labour topics covered by the survey
Persons employed; wages and salaries paid; social benefits paid;
gross production; intermediate consumption; gross value added;
general expenses and other industrial variables.
Reference period
The data on permanent employment refer to a fixed reference period: the
fixed or permanently employed persons who appears in the payrolls for
the week which includes 15 November of each year, or the date nearest to
this for which data are available.
The data on wages and salaries and social benefits refer to those paid
during the whole year.
Information on temporary workers refers to the average of persons under
contract during the year, and to the total earnings (wages, salaries and
benefits) paid to these workers.
Coverage of the survey
Geographical
The whole country.
Industrial
Manufacturing.
Establishments
Establishments employing ten or more persons.
Persons
All persons employed.
Occupations
Not relevant.
Concepts and definitions
Employment
Employed persons include wage earners and salaried employees,
working proprietors, active partners and family workers without fixed
remuneration as on the records of the establishment on the reference
date. Included are employed persons who appear on the payroll but who
are temporarily absent, such as workers on sick leave, paid vacations,
or strike, and workers contracted through enterprises which specialize
in providing workers.
The following are excluded: workers on unpaid leave, military service,
in retirement and members of the board of directors of the firm who are
paid only for attendance of meetings, who give their services to the
establishment irregularly and whose remuneration is in the form of a
fee. Home workers are also excluded.
Employed persons are classified into seven categories:
- proprietors, partners and family members without fixed remuneration,
- directors (managers, directors, administrators, etc.),
- non-manual workers (administrative chiefs, typists,
accountants, drivers, supervisors, security workers, etc.),
- technicians (nationals),
- technicians (foreign),
- manual workers and operatives, and
- apprentices.
A distinction is also made between:
- permanent workers: all workers under contract for an unlimited
period, even if temporarily absent from work because of vacation,
strike, sickness or maternity leave, or paid absence from work;
- temporary workers: the average number of persons under fixed-term
contracts who have worked in the establishment, whether contracted
directly by the establishment under conditions such as by the day, for
piece work or for the job, or through enterprises which specialize in
providing these workers. Also included are apprentices in
administrative or production.
Earnings
Wages and salaries mean the fixed or ordinary remuneration
paid to workers in cash or in kind, periodically or deferred, which
represents payment for services rendered to the establishment in
accordance with provisions of the Colombian labour regulations and the
substantive labour code, before deductions of sums withheld at source,
trade-union dues and contributions to cooperatives, contributions to
legally authorized savings banks, contributions to the obligatory social
security, contributions to employees' funds and associations and the
like.
Information is also collected separately regarding social benefits
paid during the year under investigation, i.e. obligatory,
special and agreed payments other than wages and salaries which the
employer makes to the persons employed. These include: sums which the
worker receives at irregular intervals from the employer, general and
special benefits paid by the employer and non-statutory or agreed
benefits, and para-state contributions.
The following are excluded: retirement pensions paid to persons retired
from the establishment; the value of fees paid during the year for
economists, lawyers, accountants etc.; and the value of contracts with
persons who carry out special industrial tasks for the establishment at
home.
Information is collected on wages and salaries and social benefits
separately according to occupational category and type of relationship
(permanent and temporary).
Wage/salary rates
Not relevant.
Hours of work
Not relevant.
International recommendations
The concepts of wages and salaries and social benefits
correspond to the recommendations of the United Nations for industrial
statistics and employed in the compilation of the National Accounts.
Classifications
Industrial
The International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic
activities (ISIC), Rev. 2, 1968 is used at the industry group level
(three-digit level).
Occupational
Not relevant.
Others
The data are classified by occupational category and type of
relationship.
Results are also obtained at national level and according to sections of
the country and metropolitan areas; and according to size of
establishment, scale of value of production and legal status.
Sample size and design
Statistical unit
The unit of observation is the industrial establishment with
ten or more workers. It is defined as the combination of activities and
resources which, as a single legal entity, forms a unit of ownership or
administration for the production of the most homogeneous group possible
of manufactured goods, at a single location, and which produces
independent accounts, on materials, the labour force and other physical
resources used in the process of production and in complementary or
related activities.
Survey universe / sample frame
This is made up from the census results on which the industrial
directory is based. The directory is brought up to date every year by
including industrial establishments which fulfil the requirements for
inclusion and which have been included in the industrial directories of
the social security institutions, the Chambers of Commerce, etc.
Sample design
The survey is based on a complete count (census) of all establishments
with ten or more workers.
Field work
Data collection
The distribution of the forms, the collection, preliminary examination
and coding of the information, are the responsibility of the six
regional directorates of DANE. The regional directorates receive from
DANE the forms (certain parts of the form are prefilled in advance on
the basis of the information contained in the survey records of the
previous year), directories, coding manuals and instruction manuals for
processing, preliminary examination and verification.
The forms are generally sent out in three ways, depending on the
location of the establishment; by post, invitation (the start of the
survey is communicated to the unit and it is invited to collect the form
from the offices of DANE), and personally (an official of DANE delivers
the form to the establishment).
Survey questionnaire
The form contains 13 chapters covering all the variables surveyed.
Chapter IX seeks information on the permanent workers and on wages and
salaries and social benefits, by occupational category. Chapter XIII
collects data on temporary workers by occupational category and sex, for
each month of the year, and on wages and salaries and social benefits,
by occupational category.
The establishments are also provided with a manual with general
information on the survey and specific instructions and definitions.
Substitution of sampling units
Not relevant.
Data processing and editing
When the forms have been received at regional headquarters, a check of
coverage is carried out and the questionnaires are then verified and
coded, by analysis and study of the data and by rectifying, correcting
and/or clarifying the information. At the same time, those articles
which have not been prefilled are coded. The regional directorates then
deliver the forms every month to the collection division of DANE, which
forwards them for recording and processing by computer to the economic
studies division (DIECO).
A system for detecting inconsistencies is used, made up of 20 programmes
which carry out checks of a mathematical character, comparisons between
chapters and checks against basic instructions via various records.
This interactive system makes it possible for inconsistencies to be
automatically corrected on detection, after consulting the source. When
the preliminary tables, the checks and analyses have been produced,
there follow comparative studies and analyses of each of the variables
surveyed at national and regional levels, of industry group and with
the data of the previous year.
Construction of indices
Not relevant.
Weighting of sample results
Not relevant.
Adjustments
Non-response
None.
Other bias
None.
Use of benchmark data
Not relevant.
Use of other surveys
Not relevant.
Seasonal variations
Not relevant.
Indicators of reliability of the estimates
Coverage of the sampling frame
Not available.
Sampling error / sampling variance
Not relevant.
Non-response rate
Not available.
Non-sampling errors
Not available.
Conformity with other sources
Not relevant.
Available series
The survey provides information on the following variables:
- number of establishments and percentage distribution of the
establishments,
- persons employed and employees, in seven categories,
- earnings of workers and percentage distribution of earnings,
- number of establishments which report temporary workers,
- temporary workers and total earnings of temporary workers,
- value of gross output, percentage distribution of the value of gross
output, value added and percentage distribution of value added,
- percentage distribution of the main variables according to industry
group, number of workers employed, output, legal status of
establishments and metropolitan areas.
History of the survey
Since 1955, DANE has carried out the Annual Survey of Manufacturing
without interruption. Until 1982 the survey included, in the universe
and in the results, information on a group of establishments with fewer
than ten workers. Since 1983, these establishments have been omitted
from the survey, which now covers all the establishments with ten or
more workers.
Documentation
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE):
Boletín de Estadística (monthly, Bogotá). The results of the
survey are published about two years after the reference year.
Confidentiality / Reliability criteria
Not available.
Other information
Data supplied to the ILO for publication
Data on paid employment (permanent employees) in manufacturing are
published in Tables 5A and 5B of the Yearbook of Labour
Statistics.