Egypt
Title of the survey
Employment, wages and hours of work.
Organization responsible
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS).
Periodicity of the survey
Annual, in October.
Objectives of the survey
To measure employment, average wages and hours of work according to
economic activities, occupational groups and governorates.
Main labour topics covered by the survey
Employment, earnings and hours of work.
Reference period
For wage earners (i.e. manual or production workers): the
first week of October; for salaried employees: the whole month.
Coverage of the survey
Geographical
The whole country.
Industrial
All branches of economic activity.
Establishments
All establishments employing ten or more persons in the private sector
and all establishments of the public sector.
Persons
All adult (15 years and over) persons employed.
Occupations
All occupations are covered. The actual occupations reported on are
those performed by employees in the surveyed establishments.
Concepts and definitions
Employment
All persons employed include working proprietors, working
directors, wage earners and salaried employees. Piece workers, casual
workers and persons temporarily absent from work because of paid
vacation, paid leave, etc. are also included but not separately
identified.
Excluded are apprentices, trainees, workers on probation, commission
agents, home workers, workers sub-contracted from other companies or
firms, workers from temporary work agencies, temporary, seasonal and
part-time workers, unpaid family workers; persons temporarily absent
from work without pay (for temporary lay off, strike and lock-out,
sickness or accident, etc.) and persons temporarily present on payroll
during notice period preceding retirement, resignation or dismissal.
For each occupation performed in the establishment, data are collected
separately on the number of wage earners and salaried employees, by
sex.
Earnings
Data are collected on gross weekly or monthly earnings of
wage earners and salaried employees, respectively, by occupation
and sex.
Gross earnings include pay for normal time worked, premium pay for
overtime and shift work, incentive pay, regular bonuses, cost-of-living
or dearness allowance, as well as remuneration for time not worked.
Earnings exclude irregularly paid bonuses and the value of payments in
kind.
Information is also collected on the distribution of employees by
occupation and according to earnings ranges.
Wage/salary rates
Not relevant.
Hours of work
Data relate to hours paid for. They include normal hours of
work and overtime. Normal hours of work include inactive periods
of time spent at the workplace, time spent on short rest breaks, and
hours of paid absences.
Hours paid for exclude the time corresponding to study or training
leave, layoff or short-time working, industrial disputes, disciplinary
suspension, time devoted to trade unions and employers' organisations
activities and time spent on travel from home to work and vice versa.
Data on hours of work are collected by occupation, separately for wage
earners and salaried employees, and by sex.
International recommendations
The definition of gross earnings used in this survey corresponds to the
concept of earnings in cash used in current statistics of earnings.
It excludes irregular payments and bonuses, as well as the value of
payments in kind.
The definition of hours of work corresponds to the concept of hours paid
for.
Classifications
Industrial
Data are classified at the three-digit level of the International
Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities
(ISIC), Rev.2, 1968.
Occupational
Data are classified at the three-digit level of the International
Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-68).
Others
The survey data are classified by region (governorate) and by sex.
Sample size and design
Statistical unit
The establishment, defined as a unit engaged in an economic
activity at a single physical location, whether the owner is a person or
a company. When a company has more than one establishment engaged in
the same activity in different geographical areas, each of them is
considered as an establishment.
Survey universe / sample frame
This consists of the Establishments Census which covers all public
sector establishments and all private sector establishments with at
least ten employees. The frame is updated annually through field work,
by adding the new establishments and subtracting those which have gone
out of business.
Sample design
The survey is based on a complete enumeration of establishments.
Field work
Data collection
Data are collected in January of each year by personal visits made by
enumerators who are permanent members of CAPMAS.
Survey questionnaire
This consists of three main parts:
- Part I covers the establishment's characteristics, and is designed
to collect data on compensation of employees for the whole year, i.e.
total amount of wages and salaries paid out, total amount of annual
bonuses and premiums, employers' contributions to social security
schemes, etc.;
- Part II is designed to collect, for each occupation, the number of
wage earners aged 15 and over, by sex,
their earnings and hours of work for the first week
of October, and the distribution of wage earners
by earnings ranges;
- Part III collects the same type of information for salaried
employees, with reference to the whole month of October.
Instructions are provided along with the questionnaire and a manual
is available to enumerators.
Substitution of sampling units
Not relevant.
Data processing and editing
Data are coded manually and verified by data processing staff. Data are
edited through field work, manual office editing and computer editing.
In the case of inconsistent data, there is follow-up by enumerators'
visit.
Types of estimates
Number of employees by category (wage earners and salaried employees);
average occupational earnings and hours of work by occupational groups;
and distribution of employees by category and according to earnings
ranges.
Construction of indices
Index numbers are not constructed.
Weighting of sample results
Not relevant.
Adjustments
Non-response
No adjustments are made for non-response.
Other bias
No adjustments are made for any other bias.
Use of benchmark data
Not relevant.
Seasonal variations
No adjustments are made for seasonal variations.
Indicators of reliability of the estimates
Coverage of the sampling frame
Not available.
Sampling error / sampling variance
Not relevant.
Non-response rate
Not available.
Non-sampling errors
Not available.
Conformity with other sources
Not available.
Available series
The following tables are prepared:
- number of persons engaged and number of employees, by category and
sex, together with their average weekly or monthly earnings and hours of
work;
- distribution of employees by earnings ranges;
- total amount of compensation of employees;
cross-classified by
economic activity, governorate and occupational group.
History of the survey
The survey was introduced in 1942. In 1965, the periodicity changed
from half-yearly (January and July) to annual (October).
Documentation
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS):
Report on Employment, Wages and Hours of Work (annual;
Cairo); published (in Arabic) approximately three years after the
survey reference year.
Confidentiality / Reliability criteria
Publication of the survey results is subject to confidentiality rules.
Other information
Data supplied to the ILO for publication
Statistics of average weekly hours paid for and weekly earnings of wage
earners in major divisions of industry, are published in Tables 11
to 21 of the
Yearbook of Labour Statistics.