Croatia
Title of the survey
Monthly survey on persons in paid employment and wages.
Organization responsible
Central Bureau of Statistics, Labour Statistics Section.
Periodicity of the survey
Monthly.
Objectives of the survey
To obtain information on the nominal and real changes in net and
gross monthly earnings as well as on the number of persons in
paid employment by activity.
The main users are Government departments; scientific, legal and
social institutions, enterprises, individual users and
international organizations.
Main labour topics covered by the survey
Employment and earnings.
Reference period
Employment
The end of the reporting month.
Earnings
The month.
Coverage of the survey
Geographical
The whole country.
Industrial
All branches of economic activity.
Establishments
All types of business units with legal entity, i.e. legal
persons irrespective of the type of ownership, government bodies,
administrative bodies and local government, associations and
organisations. Excluded are crafts and trades, the Ministry of
Defence, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and private farmers.
Persons
All persons in permanent paid employment. Free-lance workers are
excluded.
Occupations
Data are not collected by individual occupation.
Concepts and definitions
Employment
Persons in permanent paid employment are defined as persons who
have signed a work contract with the employer for a fixed or
unspecified period of time, irrespective of whether they work
full time or not.
Earnings
Data are collected on net monthly earnings and gross
monthly earnings. Net monthly earnings include regular cash
payments for hours actually worked, and remuneration for time not
worked due to annual vacation, paid leave and holidays,
professional training, military and civil duty, sick leave up to
42 days, reimbursement for annual leave, and payments for work
stoppage against a person's will and due to no fault of his/her
own, after deduction of employees' own contributions and taxes.
Since 1994, they also include bonuses for workers' meals.
Irregularly paid bonuses and premia and the value of payments in
kind are excluded from net earnings.
Gross monthly earnings include all the components of
net earnings, as well as other types of bonuses and premia
for regular employment, and employees' own contributions to
social security schemes, pension funds, etc. and taxes
prescribed by law. Payments in kind are excluded.
Wage / salary rates
Not relevant
Hours of work
Not relevant.
International recommendations
The definition of gross earnings used in this survey corresponds
to the international guidelines, but excludes the value of
payments in kind. Net earnings correspond to the concept of
net regular wages and salaries in cash.
Classifications
Industrial
Until 1996, data were classified according to the Uniform
Classification of Economic Activities (UCEA). Since 1997, they
are classified according to the National Classification of
Economic Activities (NCEA), linked to the Statistical
Classification of economic activities of the European Communities
(NACE, Rev. 1) which itself is based on the International
Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities
(ISIC), Rev. 3, 1990.
Occupational
Not relevant.
Others
Employment data by sex.
Sample size and design
Statistical unit
The sampling and reporting unit is the business entity.
Survey universe / sample frame
The sample frame is the Business Register based on the annual
reports filled in by business entities (see also Other sources
of data). The sample frame is updated each year.
Sample design
The sample is purposive and covers units with the biggest number
of persons in paid employment, i.e. 70% of persons in paid
employment from each division of economic activity. The sample
is updated each year.
Field work
Data collection
The survey is conducted through mailed questionnaires, which have
to be returned to the Central Bureau of statistics by the 5th of
the month following the reporting month.
Survey questionnaire
Available in Croatian.
Substitution of sampling units
In case of total non-response from a sampled business entity, the
unit is replaced by another similar unit of the same employment
size and economic activity.
Data processing and editing
The questionnaires are first checked manually by the Labour
Statistics section. Then the responses are processed by the
Center for automated data processing. Non-response or
inconsistency is followed up by telephone calls.
Types of estimates
Number of persons in paid employment by economic activity.
Total and average of net and gross earnings by economic activity.
Average gross and net earnings are calculated by dividing the
total gross or net payroll by the number of employees.
Construction of indices
Monthly index numbers of nominal and real gross and net earnings
are constructed, by branch of economic activity, with base
1997 = 100.
Weighting of sample results
The survey results are unweighted. They represent 70% of persons
in paid employment.
Adjustments
Non-response
None.
Other bias
None.
Use of benchmark data
None.
Seasonal variations
The survey results are not adjusted for seasonal variations.
Indicators of reliability of the estimates
Coverage of the sampling frame
Not available.
Sampling error / sampling variance
Not calculated.
Non-response rate
Not computed.
Non-sampling errors
Not available.
Conformity with other sources
Not relevant.
Available series
Published monthly data include:
Persons in paid employment, net and gross monthly earnings, by
economic activity.
History of the survey
The survey began in 1963. Since 1994, the survey has collected
data on gross earnings in addition to those on net earnings.
Since 1997, the survey data are classified according to NCEA.
Documentation
Central Bureau of Statistics: Mjesecno statisticko iyvjesce
(Monthly Statistical Report) (monthly, Zagreb)
idem: Statisticki ljetopis (Statistical Yearbook) (annual,
ibid.)
Data on persons in paid employment and on earnings are published
respectively one month and two months after the reference period
of the survey.
Published data can also be made available on
magnetic tape.
Confidentiality / Reliability criteria
Data for individual units are kept confidential.
Other information
Data supplied to the ILO for publication
Data on paid employment and annual averages of monthly earnings
by economic activity are published in the
Yearbook of Labour Statistics. The 1998 Yearbook showed statistics of
net earnings. As from 1999, this publication will show average
gross earnings.
The corresponding monthly data
are published in
the relevant tables of the
Bulletin of Labour Statistics.
Other sources of data
(1) The Annual Survey of employed persons: an establishment
survey conducted each year since 1996, with reference to the
month of March; its main objective is to collect data on the
number of persons employed according to sex, type of employment,
age, professional attainment (i.e. education and skill level),
hours of work and net earnings by level of professional
attainment. Prior to 1996, this survey was half-yearly, as of
March and September.
The survey consists of a full enumeration of all business units
contained in the business register, in all forms of ownership,
except the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Internal Affairs,
independent farmers, persons employed in crafts and trades and
self-employed persons (who are covered by a special quarterly
survey). The methods used for data collection and processing are
identical to those of the monthly survey.
Employed persons are all physical persons employed for a fixed or
unspecified period of time (temporarily or permanently),
irrespective of whether they work full- or less than full-time.
Employed persons are not classified by employment category.
Employment data refer to the end of March.
The definition of net earnings by level of professional
attainment for employees who worked the whole of the preceding
calendar year is the same as that used in the Monthly Survey of
employment and earnings. Earnings data refer to the whole of the
previous calendar year.
The survey collects data on the number of hours of work during
the whole of the previous calendar year, according to various
concepts:
- Hours actually worked include effective hours of work, inactive
periods of time spent while employees are waiting or standing by
and stoppage or interruption at work for which employees are not
responsible;
- Hours paid for but not worked include hours of paid vacation,
public holidays, professional training, sick-leave up to 42 days,
paid leave and other periods of time not worked but paid for;
- Hours not worked and paid from a source other than the business
unit include sick-leave for more than 42 days, maternity leave,
parental leave, short-time work, etc.
- Unpaid hours include periods of unpaid leave and other periods
of time not worked for which no payment is received.
The survey also collects data on the number of standard working
days, based on the procedure established by the Act on
Employment.
Employment data are classified by place of work, branch of
economic activity, type of ownership of business, sex, age, level
of professional attainment, type of employment, duration of
working hours and level of earnings. Earnings data are
classified by branch of economic activity and level of
professional attainment, and hours of work by branch of economic
activity.
Data on average monthly hours actually worked of employees, by economic
activity and in manufacturing, by industry group, are published in
the ILO
Yearbook of Labour Statistics.
(2) The Monthly Survey of average net earnings by occupation:
this establishment survey is conducted every two years since
1973. It covers business units with more than 50 employees,
irrespective of the type of ownership and the industrial coverage
is the same as that of the above-mentioned surveys.
Data are collected on occupational net earnings for some 200
selected occupations based on ISCO-1988, for full-time employees
who worked and received pay for all 12 months of the preceding
year, including those who were temporarily absent with full pay
due to professional training or sick leave (up to 42 days). The
definition of net earnings corresponds to that of the other
surveys.
This survey provides statistics of average net earnings by
occupation:
- by type of ownership and economic activity for the whole
country,
- by economic activity and region (county).
Between 1963 and 1968, the survey was conducted by personal
interviews. From 1969 to 1971, it became annual and from 1973 it
has been conducted every two years. The most recent survey was
conducted with reference to 1996 and its results (October 1996)
are stored in the ILO database.