Norway (2)
Title of the survey
Annual manufacturing statistics
Organization responsible
Statistics Norway
Periodicity of the survey
Annual.
Objectives of the survey
To provide detailed structural figures on employment, production and
consumption for establishments in oil extraction, mining and
manufacturing.
Main labour topics covered by the survey
Employment and compensation of employees.
Reference period
The calendar year.
Coverage of the survey
Geographical
The whole country.
Industrial
Oil extraction, mining, quarrying and manufacturing.
The oil extraction survey is a separate survey, the results of
which are combined with the annual manufacturing statistics.
Establishments
All establishments with at least half one person-year worked, excluding
one-person establishments (individual proprietorships where the
owner is working alone).
Persons
All persons engaged, including proprietors and owners if actively
engaged in the work of the establishment, unpaid family workers and
working shareholders in corporations and cooperatives. Outworkers
are excluded.
Occupations
Not relevant.
Concepts and definitions
Employment
Persons engaged include all persons working in the
establishment, as well as persons on sick leave, vacation and strike.
Persons absent on military leave are excluded. Data are collected
separately on the following:
- Proprietors or owners who are actively engaged in the work
of the establishment, as well as unpaid family workers (i.e. workers
without regular pay);
- Employees: these comprise salaried managers and directors; working
shareholders in corporations and cooperatives; as well as all other
employees working in or for the establishment, including transport
workers, messengers, newsmen, watchmen and cleaning staff, apprentices
and trainees, casual, temporary and seasonal workers, part-time workers,
and persons temporarily present on the payroll during notice period
preceding retirement, resignation or dismissal.
Excluded are commission agents, workers subcontracted from other
companies or firms, and workers from temporary work agencies.
Data are collected on the total number of employees, out of which the
number of part-time workers.
Compensation of employees
This comprises wages and salaries in cash and kind, other benefits to
employees and social expenses levied by law:
- Wages and salaries comprise all payments, whether in cash or in
kind, made by the employer in connection with work done, to all persons
included in the count of employees (including outworkers). They include
taxes, social insurance and pension contributions payable by the
employee but deducted by the employer, bonuses, production awards,
holiday allowances and wages paid during periods of sickness, military
leave or other absence, as well as commission earned by salesmen and
representatives;
- Other benefits for employees comprise employers' contributions
to private pension, family allowance, health and casualty insurance,
life insurance and similar schemes;
- Social expenses levied by law include employers' tax to the National
Insurance and payment to low-income fund.
Data on compensation of employees are compiled with respect to all
employees, as defined above.
Hours of work
Data are collected on the total number of hours worked by employees.
International recommendations
The concept of compensation of employees used in the survey follows
closely that recommended in the United Nations System of National
Accounts (SNA) (1968 version).
Classifications
Components of labour cost / compensation of employees
Data are collected and published separately with respect to wages and
salaries, other benefits to employees, and social expenses levied
by law.
Industrial
Establishments or enterprises are classified according to the activity
that represents the largest share in the total value added created by
the establishment or enterprise. The Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC)
used in the survey is based on a five-digit pyramidal
system in which each digit relates to a particular level of
classification. The SIC corresponds closely to the International
Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities (ISIC),
Rev.2, 1968.
Enterprises and establishments are also classified by competitive type,
in accordance with the classification used in the national accounts,
i.e. sheltered groups, export-competing groups, import-competing groups.
Occupational
Not relevant.
Others
The data are classified by geographical location (County), type of
ownership and sector (public and private), competitive type (e.g. export
or import-competing groups), employment size and share of compensation
of employees in percent of value added.
Sample size and design
Statistical unit
This is the establishment, defined as a functional unit
which, at a single physical location, is engaged mainly in activities
within a specific activity group.
For oil extraction, the establishment is defined as a group of oil
companies, which has a production licence on the Norwegian continental
shelf.
Survey universe / sample frame
This consists of the Central Register of Establishments and
Enterprises. The majority of entries on this register are taken
from the Value Added Tax Register in the Directorate of Taxes and from
the Register of Employers in the National Insurance Institution. All
new employers have to register at a National Insurance Office, and all
activities under the Act on value added tax must be reported to the
County Tax Office for registering in the VAT register. With few
exceptions, all establishments with annual sales of more than 30,000
kroner are required to be registered.
Sample design
The survey is a census of all establishments and enterprises. Only
large establishments with at least 10 persons engaged on average
are required to provide full data. Small establishments with less
than 10 persons are only asked for data on total employment and
sales, etc.
In 1992, the survey covered some 11,160 establishments including oil
extraction, with 291,609 persons engaged. Out of these, 4,175
establishments were large ones, with 265,153 persons engaged.
Excluding oil extraction, this represents 11,137 establishments with
275,490 persons engaged, out of which 4,152 were large establishments
with 249,034 persons.
Field work
Data collection
Data are collected by mail questionnaires. Data collection starts in
April and continues during the summer and autumn (for large
establishments).
Survey questionnaire
Complete annual reports are collected from all large establishments.
For these establishments, two types of questionnaires are used. Larger
establishments have to fill in very comprehensive questionnaires, while
medium-size and smaller establishments receive more simple
questionnaires. From small establishments, yearly reports are collected
only on total employment, sales, etc.
Relevant instructions are provided along with the questionnaires.
Substitution of sampling units
Not relevant.
Data processing and editing
The questionnaires are checked and the figures recorded manually,
then the data are processed by computer. In case of
non-responding units, missing or inconsistent data, telephone calls,
reminder letters, special letters and penalties are used to collect
the data.
Types of estimates
Totals of employment, employees, compensation of employees and hours
worked; and average compensation of employees and hours worked per
employee and per year.
In estimates of employment, information is collected on the average
annual number of employees by asking for figures for five points in time
during the year (in February, April, June, September and November).
Part-time workers are not converted to full-time equivalents.
Construction of indices
An index of industrial production is computed.
Weighting of sample results
Not relevant.
Adjustments
Non-response
In case of missing data or total non-response, the figures are imputed
on the basis of information available in the register, data taken from
the accounts of the enterprise, or information available from the
previous year.
Other bias
None.
Use of benchmark data
None.
Use of other surveys
Not applicable.
Indicators of reliability of the estimates
Coverage of the sampling frame
This is assumed to be complete.
Sampling error / sampling variance
Not relevant.
Non-response rate
The latest non-response rate was 2 per cent in terms of
establishments. It is lower in terms of employment.
Non-sampling errors
Owing to the fact that full-time and part-time workers are counted
together, the figures for annual compensation of employees per
employee and total employment are somewhat biased in industry groups
with a large number of part-time workers.
Conformity with other sources
Not applied.
Estimates for non-survey years
Not relevant.
Available series
The following tables are published each year:
- for all establishments and enterprises: number of establishments,
persons engaged, total compensation of employees and industrial data
(gross value of production, value added, etc.), by
industry major group, industry division, industry subgroup, type of
ownership, employment size, competitive type;
- for large establishments: similar data, by industry subgroup,
industry division, competitive type and share of compensation of
employees; persons engaged, hours worked and compensation of employees
by industry major group;
- retrospective data for all establishments, large establishments, and
industrial data (index of industrial production, gross domestic product,
etc.);
- persons engaged and principal figures by county;
- commodity data.
History of the survey
The survey was established in 1927 in its present form. Statistics are
also available for the period before 1927 and back to the 1860s.
Between 1927 and 1954, the statistics generally covered establishments
with at least 12,000 hours worked (equivalent to 5 to 6 workers on
average). From 1955, all establishments were included, except sole
proprietorships. Furthermore, prior to 1989, establishments with sales
of less than 50,000 kroner were excluded (since that date,
establishments with less than half a person-year worked are excluded).
For the years 1955-1960, establishments with at least six persons
engaged were normally considered large, while the general limit was five
persons engaged from 1961 to 1991, and 10 persons engaged since 1992.
The scope of the statistics was reduced in 1970 as a consequence of
changes in the Standard Industrial Classification. From that year,
repair shops for motor vehicles, shoes and electronics workshops were no
longer included in the manufacturing statistics, but regarded as service
industries. From 1972, the group "crude petroleum and natural gas
production" is included in manufacturing. That same year, a revision
was also brought to the concepts of value of production, value added,
compensation of employees and fixed capital formation.
Since 1993, the oil extraction statistics, which come from a separate
survey, are removed from the annual manufacturing statistics.
Since 1993 as well, the statistics are classified according to the
Standard Industrial Classification 94, the basis of which is the
Statistical Classification of Economic Activities of the European
Communities (NACE), Rev.1. NACE Rev.1 is itself based on the
International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic
activities (ISIC), Rev.3, 1990.
As from 1996, the statistics will be adapted to the European Union's
regulations for structural business statistics.
Documentation
Statistics Norway: Industristatistikk (annual; Oslo).
Preliminary results are normally published one year after the end of
the reference period, and final results, some five to six months
later.
Results which do not appear this publication can be made
available upon request, and data can be supplied on diskette or
magnetic tape.
Confidentiality / Reliability criteria
With the exception of the number of units and employment, figures for
groups with less than three enterprises are not published.
Other information
Data supplied to the ILO for publication
The following data are published in the Yearbook of Labour
Statistics:
- Average annual employment in manufacturing, in Tables 5A and 5B,
and
- Average compensation of employees per employee and per year
in manufacturing, in Tables 22A and 22B.