Chad

Title of the survey

Déclaration de la main-d'oeuvre (Manpower declaration)

Organization responsible

The Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Office National de la main-d'oeuvre (ONAMO) (now, Office National pour la promotion de l'emploi - ONAPE), is responsible for conducting the survey; the calculation of labour cost estimates is the responsibility of the Office de Promotion industrielle du Tchad (OPIT).

Periodicity of the survey

Annual.

Objectives of the survey

To obtain information on employment and wage trends in the formal sector and to obtain labour cost estimates.

The main data users are the economic operators: industrialists, business persons, trade unions, employers' associations, etc.

Main labour topics covered by the survey

Employment, earnings, hours of work, compensation of employees and labour cost.

Reference period

A whole year.

Coverage of the survey

Geographical

N'Djamena, Sarh and Moundou.

Industrial

All branches of economic activity except the armed forces and domestic services.

Establishments

Establishments with at least five employees.

Persons

All employees of such establishments. Excluded from the survey coverage are home workers and family workers.

Occupations

All occupations are covered, in principle. The occupations actually reported depend on the workers covered by the survey.

Concepts and definitions

Employment

Employees are all persons in employment, who are over a specified age (18 years) and have a contract of employment. Included are: working directors, wage earners and salaried employees, temporary, seasonal and part-time workers, as well as persons temporarily absent from work because of paid or unpaid vacation, lay off, industrial dispute, sickness or accident, or any other reason, whether or not authorized.

Excluded are: apprentices, trainees and workers on probation; piece workers, commission agents, casual workers, persons on military service, and persons temporarily present on the payroll during the notice period preceding retirement, resignation or dismissal.

For each employee covered by the survey, data are collected on sex, nationality, family situation, age, occupation, category according to the collective agreement, and type of contract (permanent or temporary).

In addition, the total number of employees is summarized by occupational category and origin (nationals, privileged foreigners and non-privileged foreigners).

Earnings

These comprise remuneration in cash and in kind, paid to employees on the basis of hours worked and not worked, before deduction of taxes and other contributions by the employer.

For each employee covered by the survey, the following components of earnings are identified separately:

gross amount of wages, salaries or emoluments paid in Chad before deduction of taxes, and including commissions, bonuses, cost-of-living allowances, payment for public holidays, sick leave, as well as back pay; including:
- arrears of wages, salaries or emoluments paid for periods preceding the reference period;
- vacation pay to employees spending their vacations in Chad;
- vacation pay to employees taking their vacations outside Chad;
benefits in kind provided free of charge by employer to employees:
- housing (amount of rent paid by the employer for the period of the employee's tenancy, or the rental value if the accommodation is owned by the employer),
- value of other benefits in kind provided by the employer without deduction from wages (food, water, electricity, town clothes, etc.).

Payments in kind are valued in terms of the cost to the employer.

In addition, in a summary statement, data on total earnings are collected separately for nationals, privileged and non-privileged foreigners, by occupational category.

For each of the workers concerned, data are also collected on the total amount of deductions at source, paid to the Chad Revenue Department as personal income tax (IRPP) and other taxes.

The data thus collected make it possible to estimate net earnings.

Wage/salary rates

Not relevant.

Hours of work

The survey does not cover working time in terms of hours of work.

For each worker covered by the survey, data are collected on the number of months and the number of days during which the employee worked, after deduction of the period of paid or unpaid vacations, whether these are taken in Chad or outside Chad.

Compensation of employees

In addition to the data on wages in cash and in kind, the survey collects data on employers' contributions to pension and social security schemes in respect of the workers covered:

contributions paid in respect of employees to social security schemes,
employers' contributions to the Chad national social welfare scheme (family allowances and accident insurance),
employers' contributions to private pension schemes, family allowances, sickness, accident life and other similar insurances.

Labour cost

It represents the cost to the employer of using the services of an employee. The data on labour cost comprise all components referred to in the International Standard Classification of Labour Cost, excluding the following costs: earnings of piece workers, profit sharing and cost of canteens and other food services.

International recommendations

The definition of earnings in cash and benefits in kind corresponds to the concept of earnings contained in the international recommendations.

The data on earnings and employers' contributions to pension and social welfare schemes correspond to the concept of compensation of employees recommended by the System of National Accounts (SNA).

The definition of labour cost used in this survey corresponds to the concept contained in the international recommendations, with a few minor modifications.

Classifications

Components of labour cost / compensation of employees

Not relevant. The data are used as aggregates.

Industrial

The data collected are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities (ISIC), Rev.2, 1968 at the one-digit level.

Occupational

The data are classified according to the socio-professional categories contained in the collective agreements applicable to workers under contract in the public service and private sector. They comprise 13 major groups.

Others

The data are also classified according to type of ownership of the establishment and by workers' nationality and sex.

Sample size and design

Statistical unit

The statistical unit is the establishment, defined as the place of work (shop, workshop, factory, farm, office, etc.) where a number of employees are under one authority. For enterprises comprising more than one establishment in Chad, the principal establishment centralizes the declarations of the other establishments.

Survey universe / sample frame

It is the Register of establishments which serves as a basis for the enumeration. However, at the end of each year, a local enumeration is carried out in respect of enterprises with at least five employees in the informal sector, which, very often, are not registered by their owner.

Sample design

The survey is based on a complete enumeration of establishments.

Field work

Data collection

The manpower declaration is a questionnaire mailed to all establishments towards the end of each year. It should be returned to the ONAPE by 15 January of the following year.

Survey questionnaire

The declaration is in three parts and is accompanied by explanatory notes:

the first part concerns the identification of the establishment;
the central part provides detailed data on each employee covered by the survey (information on the employee, hours of work, wages, benefits in kind, contributions and deductions);
the third part provides information on the remuneration of company directors, members of boards of directors, auditors, percentages, directors' fees, etc., not considered as forming part of earnings.

Substitution of sampling units

Not relevant.

Data processing and editing

The data are processed manually and by machine. They are checked in the field and by enumerator's visit.

Types of estimates

Totals for all employees and averages per employee per month.

Distribution of employees according to employment variables and ranges of wage.

Construction of indices

Not relevant.

Weighting of sample results

Not relevant.

Adjustments

Non-response

Not relevant.

Other bias

Not relevant.

Use of benchmark data

Not relevant.

Seasonal variations

Not relevant.

Indicators of reliability of the estimates

Coverage of the sampling frame

The coverage of the estimates varies but does not exceed 300 in terms of number of statistical units and 11,000 in terms of paid employees.

Sampling error / sampling variance

Not relevant.

Non-response rate

Usually, about 15 per cent.

Non-sampling errors

Not relevant.

Conformity with other sources

Not relevant.

Available series

Distribution of employees and wages paid, by occupational category and nationality.

History of the survey

The annual manpower declaration is in force since 1966.

It is planned to modify the questionnaire for the declaration with a view to harmonizing the questions on occupations with the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-1968).

Documentation

Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Formation professionnelle, Office National de la Main-d'oeuvre (now Office National pour la promotion de l'emploi - ONAPE): Bulletin annuel de la statistique sur la main-d'oeuvre (N'Djamena, annual); published about a year after the reference year.

The results of the survey may also be obtained on request from the ONAPE and the Labour Directorate in N'Djamena.

Confidentiality / Reliability criteria

Not available.

Other information

Data supplied to the ILO for publication

The following statistics are published in the Yearbook of Labour Statistics:

Paid employment (all persons engaged): general level and by branch of economic activity (Tables 3A, 3B, 4, 5A, 6, 7 and 8).