Turkey

Title of the survey

Annual Survey of Manufacturing Industry

Organization responsible

State Institute of Statistics

Periodicity of the survey

Annual.

Objectives of the survey

To follow the structure and development of the manufacturing industry.

Main labour topics covered by the survey

Employment, hours of work and compensation of employees.

Reference period

Employment: the months of February, May, August and November of each year. Hours of work and compensation of employees: the calendar year.

Coverage of the survey

Geographical

The whole country.

Industrial

Manufacturing.

Establishments

Up to and including 1991, the survey covered, separately:

all establishments in the public sector and establishments with 25 or more persons engaged in the private sector, and
establishments employing between ten and 24 persons in the private sector.

Since 1992, it also covers establishments with one to nine persons engaged.

Persons

All persons engaged, excluding homeworkers and owners of incorporated companies.

Occupations

Data are not collected on individual occupations. However, employment data referring to the month of November are collected by occupational skill level, as follows:

operatives:
- technical personnel:
  - high level (e.g. engineers);
  - middle level (i.e. persons responsible for the production);
- foremen, supervisors and other skilled workers;
- workers (i.e. persons physically engaged in production);
administrative and other employees:
- management and administrative persons;
- office workers;
- employees on other jobs (e.g. store workers, drivers and guards).

Concepts and definitions

Employment

All persons engaged cover all persons, whether paid or not, who are engaged in the establishment. They are divided into:

owners and partners: persons who spend more than half of their working time in an individual proprietorship, general or limited partnership and do not receive a salary;
unpaid family workers: family members working without regular payment and spending most of their working time in the establishment, such as husband, wife, children and others who live in the same household and whose food and clothing needs are provided for by the family; including unpaid apprentices;
employees: other workers in the establishment (whatever their title may be) who are paid wages and salaries; including paid apprentices, as well as employees temporarily absent because of illness, annual leave, strikes, etc.; employees are further divided into:
- wage earners (operatives or production workers), and
- salaried employees (administrative and other employees).

Employment data concerning persons engaged in November of each year are further collected by sex, skill level (see under Occupations), and specific characteristics (disabled, previously convicted employees, etc.).

Compensation of employees

This comprises the following elements which are separately identified and collected for each employee category:

direct wages and salaries for normal time worked or work done, and remuneration for time not worked;
premium pay for overtime;
bonuses and gratuities, namely year-end and seasonal bonuses, premiums and profit-sharing bonus;
social security payments, payments in kind for meal, transportation, clothing, etc; and employers' contributions to social security institution for employees.

Hours of work

Data are collected on the total number of hours worked and days worked by operatives in the year. Hours worked include hours actually worked during normal periods of work, overtime hours and hours paid for but not worked, for time spent on vacation, holiday, casual or sick leave. Data are also collected on normal hours of work, as fixed by laws or regulations.

International recommendations

The definition of compensation of employees conforms with the United Nations International Recommendations on Industrial Statistics and System of National Accounts (SNA), 1968. Other elements of labour cost, such as the cost of vocational training, the cost of welfare services and taxes on employment or payrolls, are excluded. Hours worked correspond to the concept of hours paid for, since they include hours paid for but not worked, for reasons such as holiday, vacation and sick leave.

Classifications

Components of labour cost / compensation of employees

Data are classified according to the four major groups of components (see under Concepts and definitions).

Industrial

Data are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev.2, 1968.

Occupational

Not applicable.

Others

Data are classified according to the size and characteristics of establishments (legal status, power equipment, seasonal or year-round activity) and by province. In addition, employment data concerning persons engaged in November of each year can be classified according to skill levels, sex, and specific characteristics (disabled, previously convicted, etc.).

Sample size and design

Statistical unit

The sampling and reporting unit is the establishment, defined as a workplace under a single ownership, engaged in generally one type of economic activity, and which has the registers and accounting sources necessary to fill in the questionnaires.

Survey universe / sample frame

This consists of the list of establishments based on the results of the Industrial Census, which covers all establishments in the public sector and those with 10 or more persons engaged in the private sector. The survey frame is obtained from the censuses of General Industry and Business Establishments. New establishments are added on the basis of the records from the Chambers of Industry, each year. In 1992, the frame comprised 197,780 manufacturing establishments, of which 186,574 employed between one and nine persons in the private sector, and the rest (11,206) were all establishments in the public sector and those with ten or more persons engaged in the private sector.

Sample design

Prior to 1992, the survey was carried out by complete enumeration of establishments within the scope of the survey. In 1992, all establishments in the public sector and those with ten or more persons engaged in the private sector were covered by complete enumeration. A sample of 12,016 units was drawn of the list of smaller establishments in the private sector.

Field work

Data collection

Questionnaires are sent to establishments in April of the year following the reference year.

Survey questionnaire

In 1992, three questionnaires were sent out. A short questionnaire to establishments with less than ten persons engaged; a longer and more detailed questionnaire to all establishments with ten to 24 persons engaged in the private sector, and a third questionnaire to all establishments in the public sector and those with 25 and more persons engaged in the private sector.

Substitution of sampling units

Not relevant.

Data processing and editing

Each item in the questionnaire is previously allocated a code according to the geographical province and the economic activity. The survey responses are processed by computer. In the case of non-responding units, missing or inconsistent data, contacts are made by telephone or enumerator's visit. Consistency checks are made between the various sections of the questionnaire and the forms for the reference year are compared with those for the previous year, in order to prevent major deviations.

Types of estimates

Employment estimates relate to annual averages based on (i) the average number of production workers and other employees in the four reference months of the year, and (ii) the number of active owners, partners and unpaid family workers as of November. Where the total number of hours worked by operatives is not computed by the establishment for its own use, it is obtained by multiplying the average number of production workers by the hours worked in one shift and the number of days worked during the year. For employment, earnings, compensation of employees and hours of work, part-time workers are converted to full-time equivalents.

Construction of indices

No index numbers are constructed.

Weighting of sample results

Not available.

Adjustments

Non-response

If an establishment does not respond, data are imputed on the basis of the previous reply from the same establishment.

Other bias

None.

Use of benchmark data

Not relevant.

Use of other surveys

Not relevant.

Indicators of reliability of the estimates

Coverage of the sampling frame

Total coverage is aimed at through the Census of Industry and Business Establishments and through the annual updating of the register.

Sampling error / sampling variance

Not available.

Non-response rate

In 1992, this was 3.3 per cent of all establishments in the public sector and those with ten or more persons engaged in the private sector.

Non-sampling errors

Not available.

Conformity with other sources

Not relevant.

Estimates for non-survey years

Not relevant.

Available series

For all establishments in the public sector and establishments with 25 or more persons engaged in the private sector, by industry group:

Annual average of employees, and number of working owners, active partners and unpaid family workers in November;
Annual average of persons engaged;
Number of establishments and salaries paid;
Input, output, power equipment installed at the end of the year and gross additions to the fixed assets during the year.

For establishments employing between ten and 24 persons in the private sector: number of establishments, employment and payments, power equipment, changes in stock, input, output, etc., by industry group.

History of the survey

The survey was introduced in 1963. Prior to 1983, all establishments in the public sector and establishments with ten or more persons engaged in the private sector were covered in detail. Between 1983 and 1991, the survey collected detailed data from all establishments in the public sector and establishments with 25 or more persons engaged in the private sector, while private sector establishments with ten to 24 persons engaged were covered by a more simple questionnaire. In 1992, the Small-Size Manufacturing Industry Statistics Division was set up and establishments with one to nine persons engaged in the private sector started to be covered by the survey. Since 1993, two survey forms only are used: one form applies to all public sector establishments and private sector establishments with ten or more persons engaged, and the other to smaller establishments.

Documentation

State Institute of Statistics: Annual Survey of Manufacturing Industry (annual, Ankara). The survey results are published about one year after the reference year. Results which do not appear in this publication can be made available upon request, and provided on diskette.

Confidentiality / Reliability criteria

The publication and release of data are subject to confidentiality rules, whereby data pertaining to one or two private sector establishments cannot be released.

Other information

Data supplied to the ILO for publication

Statistics of average paid employment, hours paid for per week for operatives and compensation of employees per employee and per year, in manufacturing, are published in Tables 5A, 5B, 12A, 12B, 22A and 22B of the Yearbook of Labour Statistics.

Other sources of data

Statistics of paid employment in mining and quarrying, published in Table 6 of the Yearbook of Labour Statistics are derived from the annual Mining Inquiry which covers all establishments engaged in mining activities.