Mexico

Title of the survey:

National Urban Employment Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano - ENEU).

Organization responsible for the survey:

Planning and conduct of the survey:

Employment Survey Coordination Office, Directorate of Short-Term Statistics, General Directorate of Statistics, National institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI).

Analysis and publication of the results:

Ditto.

Topics covered:

Employment, unemployment, hours of work, wages, income, duration of unemployment, discouraged and occasional workers, industry, occupation, status in employment, educational level, usual activity, second jobs, benefits, property sector, reason for leaving last job, date of leaving last job, type of employment contract, type of premises, reason for working less than 35 hours or more than 48 hours, method of payment, search for other employment, non-economic activities, inactivity status, form of financial support for inactive persons, type of work sought, employment experience status.

Socio-demographic characteristics of household members and characteristics of dwelling.

Coverage of the survey:

Geographical:

It covers 48 cities within the country, representing approximately 95 per cent of localities with 100,000 or more inhabitants. These comprise 28 state capitals, 5 cities bordering the United States of America and 15 cities of economic importance for the country.

Population groups:

Excluded are (a) persons absent from the dwelling for more than three months for any reason if they are living in another private dwelling; (b) persons absent from the dwelling for more than three months for reasons other than study or work (for example, for health or legal reasons or because they are not certain to return to the dwelling) and persons living in communal dwellings (for example, prisons, hospitals, monasteries, etc.); (c) persons visiting the dwelling for less than three months or not certain to stay longer; (d) persons arriving at the dwelling during the survey week but not residing there during the reference week (for example, new-born infants).

Availability of estimates from other sources for the excluded areas/groups:

Not available.

Groups covered by the survey but excluded from the published results:

None.

Periodicity:

Conduct of the survey:

Continuous.

Publication of results:

Monthly and quarterly.

Reference periods:

Employment:

One day (moving).

Seeking work:

One week (fixed).

Availability for work:

Not applicable.

Concepts and definitions:

Employment:

Included are persons aged 12 years and over of either sex who during the reference week: (a) worked for at least one hour or one day to produce goods or services for payment in cash or in kind; (b) had a job but were not at work for any reason and continued to receive income; (c) had a job but were not at work for any reason and ceased to receive income but had an assurance of return to work within four weeks; (d) did not have a job but would probably begin one within four weeks; (e) worked for at least one hour or one day during the reference week without receiving any payment (in cash or in kind) in a business owned by a family member or non-family member.

Unemployment:

Persons aged 12 years and over who were without work and actively sought to engage in some economic activity during the four weeks prior to the survey week or for up to eight weeks, provided that they are currently available for work. The search must be active, i.e. the person has to have taken specific steps to find work, such as approaching employers, making job applications, taking measures to establish a business, etc.

Underemployment:

Time-related underemployment:

No information.

Inadequate employment situations:

No information

Hours of work:

These refer to the number of daily and weekly hours stated by workers as having been worked by them in their main job during the reference week. They do not include time spent on travel to their place of work or meal breaks.

Employment-related income:

Income from paid employment:

This refers to remuneration in cash and in kind received by workers for participation in the production process during the reference period. Account is taken solely of net income, i.e. what is actually received by paid employees after deduction of tax and social security contributions. Additional cash payments and monetary income, such as productivity bonuses, are included provided that they are received on a regular basis. Income is calculated by the month and only for the main job.

Income from self-employment:

This refers to remuneration in cash and in kind received by workers for participation in the production process during the reference week. Account is taken solely of net income, i.e. what is actually received by employers and own-account workers after deduction of business expenses, costs of raw materials, repairs and purchase of tools, payment of rent for premises, wages and salaries, etc. It includes consumption of goods produced or goods sold by them. Income is calculated by the month and only for the main job.

Informal sector:

No information.

Usual activity:

No information.

Classifications:

Branch of economic activity (industry):

Title of the classification:

No information.

Population groups classified by industry:

Employed persons and unemployed persons who left their last job less than one year prior to the reference period.

Number of groups used for coding:

74 branches, 213 groups and 390 subgroups.

Links to ISIC:

ISIC Rev.3, with adjustments at the division level.

Occupation:

Title of the classification:

Mexican Classification of Occupations (CMO).

Population groups classified by occupation:

Employed persons and unemployed persons who left their last job less than one year prior to the reference period.

Number of groups used for coding:

19 major groups, 137 subgroups and 465 unit groups.

Links to ISCO:

ISCO-88 at the major group level. There is a CMO/ISCO-88 comparative table.

Status in employment:

Title of the classification:

No information.

Population groups classified by status in employment:

Employed persons and unemployed persons who left their last job less than one year prior to the reference period.

Groups used for coding:

Employer; own-account worker; worker remunerated on a piece-rate, commission or percentage basis; worker remunerated on a fixed-wage, salary or daily-rate basis; member of a cooperative; unpaid family worker; unpaid non-family worker; other.

Links to ICSE:

No.

Education:

Title of the classification:

No information.

Population groups classified by education:

Employed persons, unemployed persons and inactive persons.

Groups used for coding:

No schooling; incomplete primary; primary completed; incomplete lower secondary; lower secondary completed; upper secondary; higher or vocational and post-graduate. There is a classification of technical professional, degree-level and post-graduate courses into 35 groups, organized according to field of study.

Links to ISCED:

No.

Sample size and design:

Ultimate sampling unit:

Dwelling.

Sample size (ultimate sampling units):

134,012 dwellings.

Overall sampling fraction:

134,012 selected dwellings / 11,721,325 total dwellings.

Sample frame:

Cartography and statistical information from the 1995 Population and Housing Census and diagrams and lists of dwellings.

Updating of the sample:

Three types of continuous updating: (a) updating due to sample rotation: each quarter, one fifth only of dwellings in the sample are updated, within each secondary sampling unit (SSU), for each metropolitan area; at the end of the first full rotation, the sampling fraction is modified, on the basis of the updating of the number of dwellings in the SSUs, in order to avoid any increase in the sample size; (b) updating due to frame obsolescence: when one area of the list is saturated, it is replaced by another of the same primary sampling unit (PSU); when the PSU is saturated, it is replaced by another of the same locality and stratum; new increases in the periphery of cities are included; (c) cartography updating: when blocks of streets in the same basic geostatistical area (AGEB) or in different AGEBs are merged, when there are changes in the limits of an AGEB, when new blocks are created or blocks are subdivided or when streets are built or street names change.

Rotation:

Scheme:

One fifth of dwellings are replaced each quarter and all updates of the area on the list are included in order to keep the sample up to date.

Percentage of units remaining in the sample for two consecutive survey rounds:

80 per cent.

Maximum number of interviews per sample unit:

Five.

Length of time for complete renewal of the sample:

One year and three months.

Field work:

Type of interview:

Personal (pen-and-paper) interviews.

Number of ultimate sampling units per sample area:

5,100 dwellings quarterly in one metropolitan area; 3,000 dwellings in six cities; 1,800 dwellings in two cities; 2,100 dwellings in 39 cities.

Duration of field work:

Total:

One year (the survey is continuous).

Per sample area:

Three months.

Survey organization:

Permanent organization.

Number of field staff:

850 persons: 425 interviewers, 191 coders, 143 supervisors, 55 area directors, 25 secretaries and 11 reviewers.

Substitution of non-responding ultimate sampling units:

Yes.

Estimation and adjustments:

Total non-response rate:

Approximately 12.8 per cent.

Adjustment for total non-response:

No.

Imputation for item non-response:

Yes.

Adjustment for areas/population not covered:

Yes.

Adjustment for undercoverage:

Yes.

Adjustment for overcoverage:

Yes.

Adjustment for seasonal variations:

Yes.

History of the survey:

Title and date of the first survey:

1972 National Household Survey.

Significant changes or revisions:

In 1972, the part on employment corresponded to one module. In 1973, the Continuous Survey on Labour (ECMO) was established. It was changed in 1974 to the Continuous Survey on Occupations (ECSO), this name being retained until 1983. The modifications and/or revisions to the survey have not given rise to any significant interruptions in the time series.

Documentation and dissemination:

Documentation:

Survey results:

Estadísticas Económicas INEGI; Indicadores de Empleo y Desempleo; Cuaderno de Información Oportuna, INEGI, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.

Survey methodology:

Metodología de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo Urbano, INEGI, Aguascalientes, Ags., Mexico.

Dissemination:

Time needed for initial release of survey results:

One month.

Advance information of public about date of initial release:

Yes.

Availability of unpublished data upon request:

Yes.

Availability of data in machine-readable form:

CD, diskette, magnetic tape, etc.

Website:

http://www.inegi.gob.mx/.