Peru

Title of the survey:

Specialized Employment Level Survey (Encuesta Especializada de Niveles de Empleo).

Organization responsible for the survey:

Planning and conduct of the survey:

National Directorate of Censuses and Surveys (DNCE), National institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI).

Analysis and publication of the results:

Technical Directorate of Population and Social Studies (DTDES), INEI.

Topics covered:

Employment, unemployment, underemployment, hours of work, wages, income, duration of employment and unemployment, discouraged workers, industry, occupation, status in employment, educational level, usual activity, second jobs, characteristics of previous job (for unemployed and inactive persons), social security and migration.

Coverage of the survey:

Geographical:

It covers the whole country, urban and rural areas in the 24 departments and the constitutional province of El Callao.

Population groups:

Included are all usual residents of the household who at the time of the interview met at least one of the following requirements: (a) they were members of the family household and living in the family household, regardless of the number of days; (b) they were present for 30 days or more in the household although they were not members of the family household; (c) they were domestic workers who slept in the household, regardless of the number of days they are in the household; (d) they are members of the household but were not in their place of usual residence during the survey period. Excluded are (a) the non-resident population, (b) visiting foreigners, (c) persons who have travelled abroad in search of work, (d) persons in transit, etc.

Availability of estimates from other sources for the excluded areas/groups:

Not available.

Groups covered by the survey but excluded from the published results:

None.

Periodicity:

Conduct of the survey:

Annually.

Publication of results:

Annually.

Reference periods:

Employment:

One week.

Seeking work:

One week.

Availability for work:

One week.

Concepts and definitions:

Employment:

Included are persons aged 14 years and over of either sex who during the reference week: (a) engaged in some economic activity; (b) were paid employees with permanent jobs but were not at work owing to vacation, strike, sick leave or prenatal or post-natal leave, all of which were paid; (c) were self-employed persons but were not at work although the business or enterprise continued to operate; (d) were not in any of the above categories but, after inquiries into economic activities, were found to have worked for at least one hour for payment in cash and/or in kind. Contributing family workers are included if they worked for at least 15 hours during the reference week.

Unemployment:

Persons aged 14 years and over who during the reference period were: (a) without work, i.e. they were not in paid employment or self-employment; (b) currently available for work, i.e. they were available for paid employment or self-employment; (c) seeking work, i.e. they had taken specific steps in a specified reference period to seek paid employment or self-employment.

Underemployment:

Time-related underemployment:

Included are persons aged 14 years and over who worked less than the normal working hours and who wanted and were available to work additional hours. Information is also obtained on the number of hours they are willing to work.

Inadequate employment situations:

No information.

Hours of work:

These are actual hours worked, including overtime and excluding leave, snack breaks, time spent on travel from home to work and vice versa, etc. Information is obtained on hours worked in the main job and in all second jobs.

Employment-related income:

Income from paid employment:

Monetary income received for work performed for an employer or owner and comprising: wages, salary, overtime earnings, bonuses, snack and travel payments, commission, etc., before making statutory and other deductions, provided that such income is obtained in a regular or permanent manner.

Regular earnings in cash, payments in kind, income from benefits and compensation. Data are collected on total income and net income after deduction of contributions to the health-care social security system (ESSALUD), private pension funds (AFPs) and retirement schemes and after making other deductions (statutory, cooperatives, banks, associations, etc.). Information is obtained on income from the main job and second jobs separately using various reference periods: day, week, fortnight and month prior to the interview.

Income from self-employment:

Monetary income from own-account work and income from own consumption or self-supply. Information is obtained separately on (a) gross income, (b) costs of materials and goods (fixed capital), (c) own consumption, (d) self-supply and (e) net earnings (income after deduction of costs of raw materials and inputs, equipment, labour and other operating expenses and before deduction of tax), for the main job and second jobs, using various reference periods (day, week, etc.).

Informal sector:

No information.

Usual activity:

Information is obtained on economic activity (employment and unemployment) during the last 12 months. The purpose is to evaluate changes in activity status of this population group and labour market flows.

Classifications:

Branch of economic activity (industry):

Title of the classification:

No information.

Population groups classified by industry:

Employed persons and unemployed persons with job experience.

Number of groups used for coding:

ISIC Rev.3 (three-digit level) is used.

Links to ISIC:

ISIC Rev.3.

Occupation:

Title of the classification:

No information.

Population groups classified by occupation:

Employed persons and unemployed persons with job experience.

Number of groups used for coding:

ISCO-88 (three-digit level) is used.

Links to ISCO:

ISCO-88.

Status in employment:

Title of the classification:

No information.

Population groups classified by status in employment:

Employed persons, unemployed persons with job experience and inactive persons.

Groups used for classification:

Employer or owner; self-employed person; salaried employee; wage earner; unpaid family worker; household worker; other.

Links to ICSE:

ICSE-1993.

Education:

Title of the classification:

No information.

Population groups classified by education:

Employed persons, unemployed persons and inactive persons.

Groups used for classification:

No educational level; initial stage; incomplete primary; primary completed; incomplete secondary; secondary completed; incomplete non-university higher; non-university higher completed; incomplete university higher; university higher completed.

Links to ISCED:

Yes.

Sample size and design:

Ultimate sampling unit:

Private dwelling.

Sample size (ultimate sampling units):

11,960 dwellings (8,610 in urban areas and 3,350 in rural areas).

Overall sampling fraction:

1/458.

Sample frame:

Based on information from the 1993 Population and Housing Census and relevant cartographic material.

Updating of the sample:

The sample frame information was updated in 1999 in the department capitals. The secondary sampling units selected contain an average of 100 dwellings and are updated before the survey is carried out.

Rotation:

Scheme:

There is no rotation since there are independent samples and panel samples.

Percentage of units remaining in the sample for two consecutive survey rounds:

No information.

Maximum number of interviews per sample unit:

Three.

Length of time for complete renewal of the sample:

One year.

Field work:

Type of interview:

Direct or personal interviews.

Number of ultimate sampling units per sample area:

Ten dwellings in each cluster.

Duration of field work:

Total:

Work is organized in six periods, each of nine days, per quarter (five days of field work, two days of recovery work on incomplete households, one day of office work and one day of rest).

Per sample area:

No information.

Survey organization:

Staff are specially hired for each survey.

Number of field staff:

No information.

Substitution of non-responding ultimate sampling units:

No.

Estimation and adjustments:

Total non-response rate:

12 per cent.

Adjustment for total non-response:

Yes.

Imputation for item non-response:

No.

Adjustment for areas/population not covered:

No.

Adjustment for undercoverage:

No.

Adjustment for overcoverage:

No.

Adjustment for seasonal variations:

Yes.

History of the survey:

Title and date of the first survey:

Specialized Employment Level Survey, third quarter of 1996.

Significant changes or revisions:

In the third quarter of 1997.

Documentation and dissemination:

Documentation:

Survey results:

Perú: Trabajo Infantil y Adolescente (October 1998); Perú: Mercado Laboral Urbano y Género (October 2000); Perú: Condición Socio-Económica de la Población Urbana que Trabaja por Primera Vez (December 2000); Correspondencia del Nivel Educativo con la Ocupación Desempeñada (to be published).

Survey methodology:

Ditto.

Dissemination:

Time needed for initial release of survey results:

No information.

Advance information of public about date of initial release:

No.

Availability of unpublished data upon request:

Yes.

Availability of data in machine-readable form:

CD, diskette, magnetic tape.

Website:

http://www.inei.gob.pe/.