Sudan
Title of the survey:
Household Survey.
Organization responsible for the survey:
Planning and conduct of the survey:
Ministry of Manpower.
Analysis and publication of the results:
Ministry of Manpower.
Topics covered:
Current employment and unemployment. Hours of work. Wages. Household income. Informal sector employment. Duration of unemployment. Educational level. Current industry, occupation and status in employment in main job. Secondary jobs. Usual activity.
Coverage of the survey:
Geographical:
Urban and rural areas in 16 states in Northern Sudan. Excluded were 9 states in Southern Sudan.
Population groups:
All permanent household residents including foreign nationals and persons absent for less than 3 months.
Availability of estimates from other sources for the excluded areas/groups:
Estimates based on population census results are available for the excluded areas and population groups.
Groups covered by the survey but excluded from the published results:
Children less than 10 years of age.
Periodicity:
Conduct of the survey:
Three household surveys since 1990 (1990, 1994, and 1996).
Publication of results:
Following each survey.
Reference periods:
Employment:
Fixed reference week for current activity and reference year for usual activity.
Seeking work:
Same reference periods as employment.
Availability for work:
NA.
Concepts and definitions:
Employment:
Persons, 10 years old and over, who worked for at least 2 days in the week preceding the survey. (Usual employment: Persons, 10 years old and over, who worked for three months or more during the reference year.) The Employed include persons with a job but temporary absent from work due to illness, injury, vacation, maternity leave, educational and training leave, labour management dispute, bad weather, mechanical breakdown, etc. It also includes persons on indefinite lay-off without pay and persons without work and currently available for work who had made arrangements to start work at a date subsequent to the reference period. Persons absent without leave are excluded. Paid apprentices and participants of employment promotion schemes are included. Full-time and part-time students working full-time are included but students working part-time are excluded. Unpaid apprentices and trainees, and unpaid family workers temporary absent from work are excluded. Persons engaged in own-account production of goods are included, but persons engaged in unpaid or personal services for their own household are excluded. Conscripts and persons engaged in civilian service equivalent to military service are included, but persons doing volunteer community or social service work are excluded. Also excluded were persons who performed some work for pay or profit during the reference period but were subject to compulsory schooling, or retired and receiving a pension, or registered as jobseeker at an employment office or receiving unemployment benefits.
Unemployment:
Persons, 10 years old and over, who during the reference week did not work or worked less than 2 days, but were able to work, desired and searched for work, whether or not they had ever worked before. (Usual unemployment: Persons, 10 years old and over, who worked for less than 3 months during the reference year, but were able to work and desired and searched for work during the year.) The Unemployed included persons on temporary lay-off without pay, persons on unpaid leave initiated by the employer. Also included were unpaid family workers temporarily absent from work as well as unpaid apprentices and trainees. It excluded full-time and part-time students seeking part-time work, but included part-time students seeking full-time work. Persons who were seeking work but who subject to compulsory schooling or retired and receiving a pension were excluded. Persons without work, available for work, but not seeking work during the reference period were also excluded.
Underemployment:
Time-related underemployment:
No information.
Inadequate employment situations:
No information.
Hours of work:
Refers to the number of hours actually worked in the main activity and hours spent in secondary job. Wages and salaries: Include regular wages and salaries, in cash and in kind, after deduction of social security contributions, for the main job and all other jobs carried out during the reference period. Income from self-employment was also measured in terms of value of production from agriculture and livestock activities and hired land and capital from all jobs over the one-year reference period.
Employment-related income:
Income from paid employment:
Income from self-employment:
Informal sector:
Employment in an economic unit that has no fixed place of operation, or is not registered with the commercial registration system, or does not pay taxes on its activities.
Usual activity:
Classifications:
Branch of economic activity (industry):
Title of the classification:
NA.
Population groups classified by industry:
NA.
Number of groups used for coding:
NA.
Links to ISIC:
ISIC-Rev.3, 1988.
Occupation:
Title of the classification:
NA.
Population groups classified by occupation:
NA.
Number of groups used for coding:
NA.
Links to ISCO:
ISCO-1988.
Status in employment:
Title of the classification:
NA.
Population groups classified by status in employment:
NA.
Groups used for classification:
Employee. Employer. Own-account worker. Family worker and trainee.
Links to ICSE:
Not linked to ICSE-1993.
Education:
Title of the classification:
NA.
Population groups classified by education:
NA.
Groups used for classification:
Illiterate. Can read and write. Primary education. Intermediate education. Secondary education. University education. Post university studies.
Links to ISCED:
NA.
Sample size and design:
Ultimate sampling unit:
Private households and individuals in collective households.
Sample size (ultimate sampling units):
Some 3,390 private households in urban and rural areas.
Overall sampling fraction:
0.1% of total population.
Sample frame:
Based on the enumeration areas of the 1993 Population census and 1996 Agricultural Census of Sudan. The sample selection was based on a multi-phase stratified design.
Updating of the sample:
Re-listing of the sample PSUs.
Rotation:
Scheme:
Households were interviewed three times, each quarter during the survey year.
Percentage of units remaining in the sample for two consecutive survey rounds:
Maximum number of interviews per sample unit:
Length of time for complete renewal of the sample:
Field work:
Type of interview:
Personal interviews using paper and pencil.
Number of ultimate sampling units per sample area:
No information.
Duration of field work:
Total:
15 days.
Per sample area:
2 days.
Survey organization:
Personnel recruited for each survey round.
Number of field staff:
A total of 155 interviewers, supervisors, and other field staff.
Substitution of non-responding ultimate sampling units:
No.
Estimation and adjustments:
Total non-response rate:
NA.
Adjustment for total non-response:
No adjustments were made for possible undercoverage or overcoverage and survey non-responses.
Imputation for item non-response:
No.
Adjustment for areas/population not covered:
Adjustment for undercoverage:
Adjustment for overcoverage:
Adjustment for seasonal variations:
History of the survey:
Title and date of the first survey:
Migration and Labour force survey, 1990.
Significant changes or revisions:
NA.
Documentation and dissemination:
Documentation:
Survey results:
Results published in separate volumes on: 1 Population characteristics; 2 Economic participation rates; 3 Unemployment rates; Marital status; 5 Internal migration; 6 International migration; and 7 Return migration.
Survey methodology:
NA.
Dissemination:
Time needed for initial release of survey results:
12 months. Survey period April 1995. Initial release of survey results April 1996.
Advance information of public about date of initial release:
Yes.
Availability of unpublished data upon request:
Upon request in database and diskettes.
Availability of data in machine-readable form:
Upon request in database and diskettes.
Website:
NA.