Zimbabwe
Title of the survey:
Indicator Monitoring - Labour Force Survey.
Organization responsible for the survey:
Planning and conduct of the survey:
Central Statistical Office.
Analysis and publication of the results:
Central Statistical Office.
Topics covered:
Employment, unemployment, hours of work, income from employment, informal sector employment, occasional workers, industry, occupation, status in employment, education and qualification (skill) levels, main and secondary activities during the last twelve months.
Coverage of the survey:
Geographical:
Whole country.
Population groups:
No information provided.
Availability of estimates from other sources for the excluded areas/groups:
Not applicable.
Groups covered by the survey but excluded from the published results:
None.
Periodicity:
Conduct of the survey:
Every five years. The last survey was conducted in June 1999.
Publication of results:
Every five years.
Reference periods:
Employment:
Moving reference period of seven days prior to the interview date.
Seeking work:
Moving reference period of seven days prior to the interview date.
Availability for work:
Moving reference period of seven days prior to the interview date.
Concepts and definitions:
Employment:
Persons aged 15 years or over whose main activity during the reference week was employment, and who worked for at least one hour during the reference week.
Included are:
- contributing family workers at work during the reference week;
- full- or part-time workers seeking other work;
- persons who performed some work for pay or profit during the reference week but who were registered as job seekers at an employment office or receiving unemployment benefits;
- full-time students working full- or part-time;
- part-time students working full- or part-time;
- paid or unpaid apprentices and trainees;
- participants in employment promotion schemes; and
- persons engaged in the production of goods for own final use.
Also included are persons in paid employment or self-employment, who were temporarily absent from work during the reference week because of
- illness or injury,
- vacation or annual leave,
- maternity or paternity leave,
- parental leave,
- educational or training leave,
- absence without leave,
- labour management dispute,
- bad weather, mechanical breakdown, etc.,
- temporary lay-off without pay, or
- unpaid leave initiated by the employer.
This includes contributing family workers temporarily absent from work during the reference week, as well as seasonal workers not at work during the off-season.
Excluded are:
- persons who performed some work for pay or profit during the reference week but who were subject to compulsory schooling, or retired and receiving a pension;
- persons on indefinite lay-off without pay; and
- persons rendering unpaid or personal services to members of their own household.
Unemployment:
Persons aged 15 years or over whose main activity during the reference week was unemployment, who were available for work during the reference week, and who had actively looked for work during the reference week. Included are: (a) persons without work and currently available for work, who had made arrangements to start a new job on a date subsequent to the reference week; (b) persons without work and currently available for work, who were trying to establish their own enterprise; (c) persons seeking work and available for work, who were subject to compulsory schooling or retired and receiving a pension; and (d) part-time students seeking full- or part-time work.
Excluded are full-time students seeking full- or part-time work, unless their main activity during the reference week was unemployment. Persons without work and available for work during the reference week, who were not seeking work, are excluded from the unemployed defined strictly. However, such persons are including under a broad definition of unemployment.
Underemployment:
Time-related underemployment:
This topic is not covered by the survey. However, questions are asked to employed persons on whether or not they would have liked to work more hours during the reference week without being paid overtime, and on the number of additional hours which they would have preferred to work during the reference week without being paid overtime.
Inadequate employment situations:
This topic is not covered by the survey.
Hours of work:
Hours worked during the reference week, including overtime and approved time away from work. The information refers to the main job.
Employment-related income:
Income from paid employment:
Cash income received for work in the last month (under $500, $500-$749, $750-$999, $1,000-$1,499, $1,500-$1,999, $2,000-$2,499, $2,500-$2,999, $3,000 or more).
Income from self-employment:
Cash income received for work in the last month (under $500, $500-$749, $750-$999, $1,000-$1,499, $1,500-$1,999, $2,000-$2,499, $2,500-$2,999, $3,000 or more).
Informal sector:
Questions are asked about the sector of the establishment (private, central government, local government, parastatal, cooperative, other), the number of persons working in the establishment (less than 10, 10 or more), and the registration/licensing of the establishment (registered only, licensed only with premises, licensed only without premises, registered and licensed, none).
Usual activity:
This topic is not covered by the survey. However, questions are asked about the main and secondary activities of persons during the last twelve months.
Classifications:
Branch of economic activity (industry):
Title of the classification:
No information provided.
Population groups classified by industry:
Employed persons.
Number of groups used for coding:
13.
Links to ISIC:
ISIC-Rev.2.
Occupation:
Title of the classification:
No information provided.
Population groups classified by occupation:
Employed persons.
Number of groups used for coding:
23.
Links to ISCO:
ISCO-88.
Status in employment:
Title of the classification:
National classification of status in employment.
Population groups classified by status in employment:
Employed persons.
Groups used for classification:
(a) Paid employees – permanent; (b) paid employees – casual, temporary, contract or seasonal; (c) employers; (d) own-account workers – communal and resettlement farmers; (e) own-account workers – others; (f) unpaid family workers.
Links to ICSE:
Partially to ICSE-1993.
Education:
Title of the classification:
National classification of levels of education.
Population groups classified by education:
All persons aged 5 years or over.
Groups used for classification:
(a) Grade 1 not completed; (b) Grade 1; (c) Grade 2; (d) Grade 3; (e) Grade 4; (f) Grade 5; (g) Grade 6; (h) Grade 7; (i) Form 1; (j) Form 2; (k) Form 3; (l) Form 4; (m) Form 5; (n) Form 6; (o) Diploma/Certificate after primary; (p) Diploma/Certificate after secondary; (q) graduate or postgraduate.
Links to ISCED:
No information provided.
Sample size and design:
Ultimate sampling unit:
Household.
Sample size (ultimate sampling units):
14,000 households.
Overall sampling fraction:
No information provided. The sampling rate varies among provinces.
Sample frame:
The Zimbabwe Master Sample 1992 (ZMS 92) is used as area sampling frame for the survey. It was developed following the Population Census 1992.
Updating of the sample:
Prior to the survey, households in the sample enumeration areas (EA) are re-listed. This is done together with the updating of EA maps.
Rotation:
Scheme:
Households included in the master sample are rotated about every three years.
Percentage of units remaining in the sample for two consecutive survey rounds:
0 percent.
Maximum number of interviews per sample unit:
One.
Length of time for complete renewal of the sample:
Three years.
Field work:
Type of interview:
Information is obtained through personal interviews.
Number of ultimate sampling units per sample area:
No information provided.
Duration of field work:
Total:
Two weeks.
Per sample area:
No information provided.
Survey organization:
A permanent survey organization exists for the survey.
Number of field staff:
160.
Substitution of non-responding ultimate sampling units:
No replacement is made for non-responding households. However, based on past experience the initial sample size is increased in order to account for non-response. For urban areas, the over-sampling is higher than for rural areas.
Estimation and adjustments:
Total non-response rate:
25 percent.
Adjustment for total non-response:
Yes.
Imputation for item non-response:
No.
Adjustment for areas/population not covered:
No.
Adjustment for undercoverage:
No.
Adjustment for overcoverage:
No.
Adjustment for seasonal variations:
Not applicable.
History of the survey:
Title and date of the first survey:
The first Labour Force Survey was conducted in February 1986.
Significant changes or revisions:
No information provided.
Documentation and dissemination:
Documentation:
Survey results:
Central Statistical Office, Indicator Monitoring – Labour Force Survey Report (Periodicity: every five years).
Survey methodology:
The above-mentioned publication includes methodological information on the survey.
Dissemination:
Time needed for initial release of survey results:
About two years.
Advance information of public about date of initial release:
No information provided.
Availability of unpublished data upon request:
Unpublished data can be released upon a written request to the Director of the Central Statistical Office.
Availability of data in machine-readable form:
Yes.
Website: