BRAZIL

1. Name and address of the organization responsible for the census:

Institute Brasileiro de Geografía e Estatística (IBGE/DPE/DEPOP), Rua Visconde de Niterói, 1246/Bloco B - 80 andar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.

2. Population censuses conducted since 1945 (years):

1950, 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1991. The present description relates to the 1991 population census (held on 1st September).

3. Coverage of the census:

(a) Geographical scope:

Whole country.

(b) Persons covered:

All persons of all ages, except aborigines.

4. Reference period:

One year (from 1st September 1990 to 31 August 1991).

5. Main topics:

(a) Total population, by sex and age: yes

Economically active population by:

(b) Sex and age group: yes

(d) Occupation: yes

(e) Status in employment: yes

(f) Highest educational level: yes

(g) Hours of work: yes

(h) Other characteristics: yes

Re (a): The age is defined in terms of month and year of birth or, if the latter is not known, in terms of assumed age. Re (g): Relates to the usual weekly hours worked by employed persons, both in the main job and in other jobs held. Re (h): Relates to income from the main job and other jobs held.

6. Concepts and definitions:

(a) Economically active population:

It comprises all persons aged 10 years and over who, during the reference year, were either employed or unemployed, according to the definitions given below. All members of the armed forces are included in the definition. Questions regarding employment and unemployment refer only to a 20 per cent sampling of households in municipalities with a population of 15,000 or less, and to a 10 per cent sampling in municipalities with a population in excess of 15,000.

(b) Employment:

Considered as "employed" are all persons who, during the reference year, worked for pay, profit or grant, etc., and unpaid family workers who worked for a minimum of 15 hours per week, helping a family member with whom they live, and who replied yes to the question "Did you work during part or all of the past 12 months (from 1/9/1990 to 31/8/1991)7." It is reported that the following categories are included: i) persons doing unpaid work in family firm or business: ii) employed persons, temporarily absent from work; iii) working students with a part-time job; iv) seasonal or occasional workers; v) conscripts for military/civilian service; vi) multiple job holders; vii) apprentices and trainees. Only persons falling in categories (i), (iii) and (vi) can be identified separately by means of their replies to specific questions.

(c) Unemployment:

Considered as "unemployed" are all persons who did not work but looked for work during the reference year, whether or not previously employed, and who replied no to the question used to define employment.

7. Classifications used:

Only employed persons were classified by industry, by occupation and by status in employment.

(a) Industry:

To determine industry group, employed persons were asked to give the name of the firm, organization, institution, etc. where they are engaged in their primary occupation. For coding this variable, 26 groups of the national classification of economic activities were used, which are compatible with the ISIC-rev.2 to the major division (1-digit) level.

(b) Occupation:

To determine occupation group, employed persons were asked to specify the occupation, job, function, etc., they usually carried on during the reference year. In case the person had definitively changed his/her occupation during that period, reference is made to the current, rather than usual, occupation. For coding this variable, 10 major groups of the national classification of occupations were used, which are comparable with ISCO-68 at the major group (1-digit) level.

(c) Status in employment:

To determine this variable, employed persons were asked to indicate their position in the firm, organization or institution in which they work. Coding was based on 11 categories (temporary agricultural worker; household worker (employed or self-employed); sharecropper (employed or self-employed); public sector employee (public service or state-owned enterprise): private sector employee: self-employed worker: employer: unpaid worker).

8. Main differences compared with the previous census:

The 1980 census used two reference periods, namely, a long period (one year) to define the economically active population, employment and unemployment, and a short period (the week preceding the census) to measure the characteristics of the population.

9. Publication of the census results:

The final census results were published in 1993.

The organization responsible for publishing the census results is Institute Brasileiro de Geografía e Estatística, Av. Franklin Roosevelt 166, 10o. andar Centro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.

The census results are also available in the forms of unpublished tables, diskettes, magnetic tapes and microfiches.