ETHIOPIA

1. Name and address of the organization responsible for the census:

Central Statistical Authority, P.O. Box 1143, Addis Ababa.

2. Population censuses conducted since 1945 (years):

1984 and 1994.  The present description relates to the 1994 population census (held on 11 October).

3. Coverage of the census:

(a) Geographical scope: Whole country.     

(b) Persons covered: All persons of all ages.   

4. Reference period:

The week preceding the census day for urban areas and the year preceding the census day for rural areas.

5. Main topics:                                  

(a) Total population, by sex and age:  yes.   

Economically active population by:

(b) Sex and age group:  yes

(c) Industry:  yes                    

(d) Occupation:  yes

(e) Status in employment:  yes

(f) Highest educational level:  yes     

(g) Hours of work:  no                                   

(h) Other characteristics:  yes            

Re (a): The age is determined in terms of age at last birthday.  

Re (h): The census also collected information on: (i) the number of days worked per week (urban areas only) and (ii) reasons for not working.

6. Concepts and definitions:

(a) Economically active population:  It comprises all persons aged 10 years and over who, during the reference period, were either employed or unemployed, according to the definitions given below.

(b) Employment:  Considered as employed are all persons who, during the reference period, were engaged in productive activity for at least one day during the seven days prior to census day (urban areas) and in most of the twelve months prior to the census day for rural areas.  Also included are persons who had regular jobs but did not work during the reference period, students, homemakers, disabled, etc. if they were partly engaged in productive activity.  The questions used to determine whether a person is to be counted as employed are: for urban areas: “Was [Name] engaged in productive work during the last seven days?” and for rural areas: “Was [Name] engaged in productive work during the last 12 months?”.

It is reported that the following categories are included:                                        

i)         persons doing unpaid work in family firm or business;          

ii)        persons engaged in production for own consumption;            

iii)       persons, temporarily absent from a job;                     

iv)       working students with a part-time job;                                   

v)         seasonal or occasional workers;                                            

vi)       apprentices and trainees.

(c) Unemployment: Considered as unemployed are all persons who, during the reference period, were not working and were looking for work or were discouraged job seekers. The question used to determine whether a person is to be counted as unemployed is:  “If you did not work what was the reason for not working?”.

7. Classifications used:

Employed persons and unemployed persons with work experience are classified by industry,   by occupation and by status in employment.   

(a) Industry: Based on the question: “What is the major product or service of the establishment where you were working?”.  For coding industry, 15 groups of the national classification were used.   Links to ISIC-rev.3 have been established at the 3, 2 and 1-digit         levels.

(b) Occupation:  Based on the question: “What was the occupation you were performing?”. For coding occupation, nine groups of the national classification were used.  Links to ISCO-88 have been established at the 3, 2 and 1-digit levels.

(c) Status in employment: For coding status in employment the following groups were used: employer; self-employed; government employee; private employee; member of co-operative; unpaid family worker; other.   

 (d) Level of education: Based on the questions: “Is [Name] literate?” and for those attending school: “For what grade is [Name] enrolled?”.  For coding level of education the following groups were used: Grades 1-6, Grades 7-8, Grades 9-12, above Grade 12 and non-regular.  No links to ISCED-97 have been established.           

8. Main differences compared with the previous census:

No major differences.

9. Publication of the census results:

The final results of the census at country level were published in two volumes entitled “The 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia, Results at Country Level, Volume I: Statistical Report; Volume II: Analytical Report”.  The final results in two volumes (Statistical Report and Analytical Report) have also been published for each of the 11 regions separately.  The different volumes were released between 1995 and 1999: Vol. 1 for the Tigray Region was released in December 1995 and Vol. 2 at Country level in April 1999.  

The organization responsible for the publication is Central Statistical Authority, P.O. Box 1143, Addis Ababa.

The census data are also available in the form of Bernoulli Disk.