Burkina Faso

Title: Enquête Prioritaire 1998

GENERAL INFORMATION AND BASIC DEFINITIONS

1. Background

Further information is available from INSD of 01 BP 374 Ouagadougou 01, phone: 226 32 49 76, fax: 226 32 61 59, e-mail: insd@cenatrin.bf.
Data have been collected by household survey since 1994.

2. Purpose and coverage

The following purposes are considered to be very important or of some importance:

• to estimate household expenditure for national accounts
• to study the general structure of household incomes/expenditures
• to study income/expenditure patterns of disadvantaged groups, including pensioner households, single parent households, etc
• to study income/expenditure disparities among socio-economic groups
• to study consumer behaviour among socio-economic groups
• for general poverty and/or income distribution studies
• to study effects on income and expenditure of policy changes, especially tax changes
• for market research purposes

Geographic coverage: National without any specific geographic areas excluded.

Population coverage:
The following types of household are included in the data collection:

• one person private households
• private households with more than one person
• households of other foreigners in the country
• armed forces residing in private housing outside military base

The following types of household are excluded in the data collection:

• those in collective housing (such as long term hospitals, prisons, monasteries, military quarters)
• non-resident households of nationals (households of nationals located abroad)
• diplomatic households in the country

Units: Dwelling units are not used in the sample selection.

Data are recorded for the household unit which is characterised by:

• two or more people living together:
  • sharing a common budget for (at least) food and housing expenditures

Data are recorded for the family unit which is characterised by:

Data are recorded for the income unit which is characterised by:

• two or more people:
  • living in the same household

Data are recorded for the consumer unit, expenditure unit or spending unit which is characterised by:

• two or more people:
  • living in the same household

Unit members: Usual residents temporarily living away from the dwelling are included, if away continuously for less than 6 months. Visitors (not usual residents) temporarily living in the dwelling are included, if staying continuously for more than 6 months. Domestic staff living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit. Renters living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit. Boarders living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit.

Head of unit:
The concept of head of household/other unit is used in this survey and is characterised by:

• acknowledged as such by other household/unit members

3. Reference periods

The time period to which income and/or expenditure statistics refer when released/published is from 05/98 to 08/98. These data are collected in the period from 05/98 to 08/98. The statistics are published every 3/4-yearly.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

4. Sample design

The Primary, Secondary and Ultimate Sampling Units are enumeration area/district, household and household respectively.

Stratification:
Areas/districts were stratified using the following criteria:

• rural/urban
• economic regions

Households/Consumption Unit, Income Unit, Family Unit were stratified using the following criteria:

• social class of the head

Other units were stratified using the following criteria: no simple random sample for USU. The sampling frames for the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Ultimate Sampling Unit (USU) were the list of Census enumeration areas and a separate listing exercise respectively. Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were selected using probability proportional to size. The sample size was 8500 households or other units and 8500 interviews. The overall response rate for the survey was 99.7 percent. Errors/biases were minimized by using an updated sampling frame.

Enumeration procedure: Enumeration uses neither a single round survey design nor a panel design. No action is taken to select a smaller set of reporting units for more detailed questioning.

DATA COLLECTION, CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS

5. Income data

Income data are collected. Receipts do not have to be regular and recurring to be considered as income. Income includes receipts resulting from the sale or reduction of assets and/or from incurring liabilities are included in income. Income excludes receipts that are not currently available to the unit.

Income data were collected separately for each person receiving income. Components of income for an individual were collected directly from the individual. Negative values (business losses) were included when computing self-employment income.

6. Expenditure data

Data collection method:
Diaries are used to collect expenditure data and are maintained for one month. ¹

Diaries are used to collect expenditure on the following items:

• food
• alcohol, tobacco
• other household non-durables (such as newspapers, batteries)
• clothing, footwear
• other personal non-durables (such as perfumes)
• household services (such as plumber)
• personal services (such as driving lessons, haircuts)

Interviews are used to collect expenditure data with the respondent completing the interview by a mix of recall and using documentation.

Data for the following expenditure items are collected by referring:

• to expenditures last week:
  • food
  • other household non-durable goods
  • clothing, footwear
  • other personal non-durable goods
  • households services
  • personal services

• to expenditures in last 12 months:
  • housing
  • other durable goods

Classification: A national classification is used for classifying expenditure and has an unspecified number of separate categories at the finest level. The classification is consistent with COICOP at the Group (3 digit) level.

7. Other Data Collection Issues

The following other topics are covered:

• demographic characteristics
• education attainment of members
• employment status of members
• occupation of members
• ownership of selected durable goods
• housing characteristics
• savings

Households are not requested to indicate whether durable goods are new or second-hand when their acquisition is recorded.

Non-response: There is no substitution for non-response, whether by non-contact or by refusal.

Reporting errors are reduced using the following measures:

• careful instrument design
• daily visit to households

DATA PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND DISSEMINATION

Answers are pre-coded on data collection forms to the extent possible.

The responses are edited by the following:

• field supervisors
• office staff

Extreme values are deleted. Consumption of own production is included in the estimates, but in-kind receipts are not. Consumption of own production is valued using: the respondent's estimate.

Treatment of owner-occupied housing: Values of owner-occupied housing are included in the total income/expenditure estimates and are valued using the rental equivalent net of housing costs usually paid by owners. (respondent provides an estimate )

Treatment of selected groups/values in analysis: No households/units are excluded from analysis because of incomplete response. Missing values are imputed only on some occasions . Supplementary sources are not used to adjust estimates for under- or over-reporting. Etnic groups are excluded from data analysis.

Weighting:
Weighting factors are used to adjust for:

• sampling
• non-response

Sampling errors: Sampling errors are computed for major aggregates and these sampling errors are available on request.

Tabulation and Analysis: Statistics are presented showing averages per year² and statistics are analysed and tabulated for households only.

The following classifications are used for tabulation and analysis of income statistics:

• sex of reference person or head of household
• occupation of reference person or head of household
• income percentiles, quintile
• absolute income groups
• principal source of household income
• household size
• other characteristic of household, region
• other classification, urban/rural

The following classifications are used for tabulation and analysis of expenditure statistics:

• sex of reference person or head of household
• occupation of reference person or head of household
• income percentiles, quintile
• absolute income groups
• expenditure percentiles
• expenditure classes in monetary terms
• other characteristic of household, region
• other classification, urban/rural

Documentation and Dissemination:
Published survey reports: Analyse des résultats de l'enquête prioritaire sur les conditions de vie des ménages, Mai 2001

Additional statistics (or special tables on request) are available for public use, free of charge (annex of poverty profile) and with charges. Separate tables are published for households with wages/salaries as main source of income. Files of unidentifiable unit data are available (or available on request) for public use, with charges (on CD Rom).