Egypt

Title: Household income, expenditure and consumption survey in 99/00

GENERAL INFORMATION AND BASIC DEFINITIONS

1. Background

Further information is available from CAPMAS-Central Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics of P.O box 2086 Nasr City-Cairo.
Data have been collected by household survey since 1958.

2. Purpose and coverage

The following purposes are considered to be very important or of some importance:

• to obtain weights for consumer price index
• to estimate household expenditure for national accounts
• to study the general structure of household incomes/expenditures
• to study income/expenditure patterns of disadvantaged groups, including pensioner households, single parent households, etc
• to study income/expenditure disparities among socio-economic groups
• to study consumer behaviour among socio-economic groups
• for general poverty and/or income distribution studies
• for market research purposes

Lesser importance is attached to:

• to study effects on income and expenditure of policy changes, especially tax changes

Geographic coverage: National without any specific geographic areas excluded.

Population coverage:
The following types of household are included in the data collection:

• one person private households
• armed forces residing in private housing within military base
• armed forces residing in private housing outside military base

The following types of household are excluded in the data collection:

• those in collective housing (such as long term hospitals, prisons, monasteries, military quarters)
• non-resident households of nationals (households of nationals located abroad)
• diplomatic households in the country
• households of other foreigners in the country

Units: Dwelling units are not used in the sample selection.

Data are recorded for the household unit which is characterised by:

• one person units
• two or more people living together:
  • sharing a single dwelling or compound
  • sharing meals
  • sharing a common budget for (at least) food and housing expenditures
  • pooling their income to some extent

Unit members: ¹ Usual residents temporarily living away from the dwelling are included, if away continuously for less than 6 months. Visitors (not usual residents) temporarily living in the dwelling are included, if staying continuously for more than days. Domestic staff living in same dwelling/compound are included in the unit. Renters living in same dwelling/compound are included in the unit. Boarders living in same dwelling/compound are included in the unit.

Head of unit:
The concept of head of household/other unit is used in this survey and is characterised by:

• acknowledged as such by other household/unit members

3. Reference periods

The time period to which income and/or expenditure statistics refer when released/published is from 10/99 to 09/00. These data are collected in the period from 10/99 to 09/00. This survey is conducted 5-yearly. The statistics are published 5-yearly.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

4. Sample design

The Primary, Secondary and Ultimate Sampling Units are enumeration area/district, none and none respectively.

Stratification:
Areas/districts were stratified using the following criteria:

• geographical regions
• rural/urban
• administrative districts

Other units were stratified using the following criteria: percentage of illiterates.. The sampling frames for the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Ultimate Sampling Unit (USU) were a list of administrative districts and none respectively. Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were selected using probability proportional to size. The sample size was 4800 households or other units. Errors/biases were minimized by using an updated sampling frame, an increased sample size.

Enumeration procedure: Enumeration uses a single round survey design in which each reporting unit is enumerated only once. The sample is divided into 12 representative sub-samples. No action is taken to select a smaller set of reporting units for more detailed questioning.

DATA COLLECTION, CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS

5. Income data

Income data are collected. Receipts have to be regular and recurring to be considered as income. Income includes receipts resulting from the sale or reduction of assets and/or from incurring liabilities are included in income.

The following receipts are collected separately:

• wages and salaries
• cash bonuses and gratuities
• goods produced for own consumption
• services from owner-occupied dwellings
• interest received
• dividends
• rents (payment received for un-produced assets e.g. land)
• regular pensions/annuities from schemes to which employee does not contribute
• retirement pensions from compulsory social security schemes
• old age benefits
• other pensions
• regular inter-household transfers received from: family, e.g. alimony, child/parental support
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular inheritances or trusts

The following receipts are collected but not separately:

• commissions and tips
• remuneration for time not worked, e.g. leave pay
• termination and redundancy payments
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: housing
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: meals
• profit/loss from unincorporated enterprises (mixed income)
• drawing for own use from unincorporated enterprises
• goods produced for barter
• stock consumed from unincorporated enterprise
• family-related allowances
• sickness benefits
• invalidity benefits
• education-related allowances
• housing allowances
• free government dwelling
• subsidized government dwelling
• other social insurance benefits
• other social assistance benefits
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular cash gifts
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular in-kind gifts
• regular inter-household transfers received from: free dwelling
• regular inter-household transfers received from: subsidized dwelling

The following receipts are not collected:

• employer social security contributions , excluded for other reasons
• employee social security contributions , excluded for other reasons
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: car/transportation , excluded for other reasons
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: goods or services produced by employer , excluded for other reasons
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: other goods or services , excluded for other reasons
• services produced for own consumption , excluded for other reasons
• services produced for barter , excluded for other reasons
• services from other consumer durables (net) , excluded due to measurement problems
• rentals (payment received for produced assets e.g. house) , gross of expenses
• royalties , excluded for other reasons
• unemployment benefits , excluded for other reasons
• survivors benefits , excluded for other reasons
• food subsidies , excluded due to measurement problems
• medical reimbursements , excluded due to measurement problems
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: cash, e.g. scholarships , excluded due to measurement problems
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: goods and services , excluded due to measurement problems
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: free dwelling , excluded due to measurement problems
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: subsidized dwelling , excluded due to measurement problems
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular free services , excluded due to measurement problems
• social transfers in kind: medical services , excluded due to measurement problems
• social transfers in kind: public education , excluded due to measurement problems
• social transfers in kind: transport subsidies , excluded due to measurement problems
• social transfers in kind: cultural and recreational services , excluded due to measurement problems
• social transfers in kind: others , excluded due to measurement problems

The following receipts are classified as income from paid employment:

• wages and salaries
• cash bonuses and gratuities
• commissions and tips
• remuneration for time not worked, e.g. leave pay
• termination and redundancy payments
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: housing
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: meals

The following receipts are classified as property income:

• profit/loss from unincorporated enterprises (mixed income)
• drawing for own use from unincorporated enterprises
• goods produced for own consumption
• goods produced for barter
• stock consumed from unincorporated enterprise
• services from owner-occupied dwellings
• rents (payment received for un-produced assets e.g. land)
• regular inter-household transfers received from: free dwelling
• regular inter-household transfers received from: subsidized dwelling

The following receipts are classified as transfer income but not employment-related:

• interest received
• dividends

The following receipts are classified as other income but not employment-related:

• regular pensions/annuities from schemes to which employee does not contribute
• retirement pensions from compulsory social security schemes
• old age benefits
• other pensions
• family-related allowances
• sickness benefits
• invalidity benefits
• education-related allowances
• housing allowances
• free government dwelling
• subsidized government dwelling
• other social insurance benefits
• other social assistance benefits
• regular inter-household transfers received from: family, e.g. alimony, child/parental support
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular inheritances or trusts
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular cash gifts
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular in-kind gifts

The following receipts are excluded due to measurement problems:

• services from other consumer durables (net)
• food subsidies
• medical reimbursements
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: cash, e.g. scholarships
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: goods and services
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: free dwelling
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: subsidized dwelling
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular free services
• social transfers in kind: medical services
• social transfers in kind: public education
• social transfers in kind: transport subsidies
• social transfers in kind: cultural and recreational services
• social transfers in kind: others

The following receipts are excluded for other reasons:

• employer social security contributions
• employee social security contributions
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: car/transportation
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: goods or services produced by employer
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: other goods or services
• services produced for own consumption
• services produced for barter
• royalties
• unemployment benefits
• survivors benefits

The following receipts are collected using the last 12 months as the reference period:

• wages and salaries
• cash bonuses and gratuities
• commissions and tips
• remuneration for time not worked, e.g. leave pay
• termination and redundancy payments
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: housing
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: meals
• profit/loss from unincorporated enterprises (mixed income)
• drawing for own use from unincorporated enterprises
• goods produced for own consumption
• goods produced for barter
• stock consumed from unincorporated enterprise
• services from owner-occupied dwellings
• interest received
• dividends
• rentals (payment received for produced assets e.g. house) , gross of expenses
• rents (payment received for un-produced assets e.g. land)
• regular pensions/annuities from schemes to which employee does not contribute
• retirement pensions from compulsory social security schemes
• old age benefits
• other pensions
• free government dwelling
• subsidized government dwelling
• other social insurance benefits
• other social assistance benefits
• regular inter-household transfers received from: family, e.g. alimony, child/parental support
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular inheritances or trusts
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular cash gifts
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular in-kind gifts
• regular inter-household transfers received from: free dwelling
• regular inter-household transfers received from: subsidized dwelling

Income data were collected separately for each person receiving income. Components of income for an individual were collected from one person who reported for all individuals. Negative values (business losses) were excluded when computing self-employment income.

6. Expenditure data

Data collection method:
Diaries are used to collect expenditure data and are maintained for one month.

Diaries are used to collect expenditure on the following items:

• food
• alcohol, tobacco
• other household non-durables (such as newspapers, batteries)
• clothing, footwear
• other personal non-durables (such as perfumes)
• household services (such as plumber)
• personal services (such as driving lessons, haircuts)
• expenditures outside of the house such as meals, coffee, hotels, etc...

Interviews are used to collect expenditure data with the respondent completing the interview by a mix of recall and using documentation.

Data for the following expenditure items are collected by referring:

• to expenditures in last one month:
  • food

• to expenditures in last 12 months:
  • other household non-durable goods
  • clothing, footwear
  • other personal non-durable goods
  • housing
  • other durable goods
  • households services
  • personal services

The following types of expenditure items are classified as 'Household consumption expenditure':

• non-durable goods purchased
• durable goods purchased (except housing)
• purchase price of owner-occupied housing
• services of owner-occupied housing
• major repairs, conversions and extensions to owner-occupied housing
• income in-kind receipts of goods
• income in-kind receipts of services
• own produced non-durable goods
• own-produced durable goods
• services from durables owned (except housing)
• social transfers in-kind of goods and services from government and non-profit institutions serving households
• out of pocket health expenditure , net of claims
• out of pocket education expenditures , net of refunds
• out of pocket transport expenditures , gross of refunds
• second hand goods purchased
• expenditure abroad

The following types of expenditure items are classified as 'Actual Household consumption':

• own-produced services
• in-kind goods received from other households
• in-kind services received from other households
• non-life insurance premiums (e.g. vehicle, housing, other property, medical) , gross of claims

The following types of expenditure items are classified as 'Non-consumption household expenditure':

• interest payments (excluding mortgage interest payments)
• life insurance premiums , gross of claims
• compulsory transfers to governments (e.g. contributions to government old age and disability insurance program, taxes)

The following types of expenditure items are classified as 'Non-household expenditure':

• financial services (including fees for financial advice, brokerage fees)
• licences and fees (e.g. driver's licence, hunting licence, vehicle registration)
• gambling expenditure , gross of winnings
• housing maintenance, minor repairs
• investment-related expenditures (e.g. purchase of shares/stocks)
• occupational expenditures
• other business-related expenditures

The following types of expenditure items are classified as 'Investment/liability expenditure':

• mortgage repayments, including interest
• regular cash payments to others outside the household
• non-regular cash payments to others outside the household
• purchase of gifts of goods and services given to others outside the household

The following types of expenditure items are collected on an 'acquisitions' basis:

• purchase price of owner-occupied housing

The following types of expenditure items are collected on a 'use' basis:

• services of owner-occupied housing
• own produced non-durable goods
• own-produced durable goods
• own-produced services
• services from durables owned (except housing)
• in-kind goods received from other households
• in-kind services received from other households

The following types of expenditure items are collected on a 'payments' basis:

• non-durable goods purchased
• durable goods purchased (except housing)
• mortgage repayments, including interest
• major repairs, conversions and extensions to owner-occupied housing
• income in-kind receipts of goods
• income in-kind receipts of services
• social transfers in-kind of goods and services from government and non-profit institutions serving households
• interest payments (excluding mortgage interest payments)
• financial services (including fees for financial advice, brokerage fees)
• non-life insurance premiums (e.g. vehicle, housing, other property, medical) , gross of claims
• life insurance premiums , gross of claims
• licences and fees (e.g. driver's licence, hunting licence, vehicle registration)
• gambling expenditure , gross of winnings
• out of pocket health expenditure , net of claims
• out of pocket education expenditures , net of refunds
• out of pocket transport expenditures , gross of refunds
• housing maintenance, minor repairs
• regular cash payments to others outside the household
• non-regular cash payments to others outside the household
• purchase of gifts of goods and services given to others outside the household
• second hand goods purchased
• expenditure abroad
• compulsory transfers to governments (e.g. contributions to government old age and disability insurance program, taxes)
• investment-related expenditures (e.g. purchase of shares/stocks)
• occupational expenditures
• other business-related expenditures

7. Other Data Collection Issues

The following other topics are covered:

• demographic characteristics
• education attainment of members
• employment status of members
• occupation of members
• ownership of selected durable goods
• housing characteristics

Households are not requested to indicate whether durable goods are new or second-hand when their acquisition is recorded.

Non-response:

DATA PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND DISSEMINATION

Answers are pre-coded on data collection forms to the extent possible.

The responses are edited by the following:

• field supervisors
• office staff

Extreme values are amended. Consumption of own production is included in the estimates, but in-kind receipts are not. Consumption of own production is valued using: the imputed by field staff using market prices.

Treatment of owner-occupied housing: Values of owner-occupied housing are included in the total income/expenditure estimates and are valued using the current market value.

The following information is used in this valuation:

Treatment of selected groups/values in analysis: No households/units are excluded from analysis because of incomplete response. Missing values are imputed always . No groups are excluded from data analysis.

Weighting:
No information was provided on sample weighting.

Sampling errors: No information was provided on samplimg errors.

Tabulation and Analysis: Statistics are presented showing averages per year and statistics are analysed and tabulated for households and for individuals separately.

The following classifications are used for tabulation and analysis of income statistics:

• occupation of reference person or head of household
• absolute income groups
• principal source of household income
• household size
• structure of household

The following classifications are used for tabulation and analysis of expenditure statistics:

• expenditure percentiles
• expenditure classes in monetary terms
• household size
• structure of household

Documentation and Dissemination:

Published methodological information: Glance on the HIES, Feb. 2001

Separate tables are not published for any special population groups. Files of unidentifiable unit data are not available (or available on request) for public use.