Uganda

Title: Uganda National Household Survey, 2002/2003

GENERAL INFORMATION AND BASIC DEFINITIONS

1. Background

Further information is available from Uganda Bureau of Statistics of Box 13, Entebbe, Uganda, phone: 256 77 705 127-256 41 320 741 -256 41 320 99, fax: 256 41 320 147, e-mail: unhs@infocom.co.ug.
Data have been collected by household survey since 1988.

2. Purpose and coverage

The following purposes are considered to be very important or of some importance:

• to obtain weights for consumer price index
• to estimate household expenditure for national accounts
• to study the general structure of household incomes/expenditures
• to study income/expenditure patterns of disadvantaged groups, including pensioner households, single parent households, etc
• to study income/expenditure disparities among socio-economic groups
• to study consumer behaviour among socio-economic groups
• for general poverty and/or income distribution studies
• to study effects on income and expenditure of policy changes, especially tax changes

Lesser importance is attached to:

• for market research purposes

Geographic coverage: National with the following geographic areas excluded: areas in conflict .

Population coverage:
The following types of household are included in the data collection:

• one person private households
• private households with more than one person
• armed forces residing in private housing outside military base

The following types of household are excluded in the data collection:

• those in collective housing (such as long term hospitals, prisons, monasteries, military quarters)
• non-resident households of nationals (households of nationals located abroad)
• armed forces residing in private housing within military base

Units:
Dwelling units are used in the sample selection and are characterised by:

• single structure - detached housing unit
• single unit in a structure containing more than one housing unit
• multiple structures within a compound (e.g. huts)

Data are recorded for the household unit which is characterised by:

• one person units
• two or more people living together:
  • sharing a single dwelling or compound
  • sharing meals
  • sharing a common budget for (at least) food and housing expenditures
  • pooling their income to some extent

Data are recorded for the income unit which is characterised by:

• two or more people:
  • living in the same household
  • sharing a single dwelling or compound
  • pooling their income to some extent

Data are recorded for the consumer unit, expenditure unit or spending unit which is characterised by:

• two or more people:
  • living in the same household
  • sharing a single dwelling or compound
  • sharing meals

Unit members: ¹ Usual residents temporarily living away from the dwelling are included, if away continuously for less than 6 months. Visitors (not usual residents) temporarily living in the dwelling are included, if staying continuously for more than 6 months. Domestic staff living in same dwelling/compound are included in the unit. Renters living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit. Boarders living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit.

Head of unit:
The concept of head of household/other unit is used in this survey and is characterised by:

• acknowledged as such by other household/unit members
• recognized owner, or responsible for tenancy of dwelling
• responsible for financial maintenance of household/unit

3. Reference periods

The time period to which income and/or expenditure statistics refer when released/published is from 05/02 to 04/03. These data are collected in the period from 05/02 to 04/03. This survey is conducted annually. The statistics are published annually.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

4. Sample design

The Primary, Secondary and Ultimate Sampling Units are enumeration area/district, none and household respectively.

Stratification:
Areas/districts were stratified using the following criteria:

• geographical regions
• rural/urban
• administrative districts

Other units were stratified using the following criteria: five industry groups.² The sampling frames for the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Ultimate Sampling Unit (USU) were the list of Census enumeration areas and a separate listing exercise respectively. Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were selected using probability proportional to size. Errors/biases were minimized by using an updated sampling frame, an increased sample size, close supervision.

Enumeration procedure: Enumeration uses a single round survey design in which each reporting unit is enumerated only once. The sample is divided into 10 representative sub-samples. A smaller set of reporting units is selected from which information on specific issues is gathered or more detailed questions are asked.

Households having particular enterprise are interviewed using questionnairerelating to that enterprise. Such questionnaires are not always used for all households in the sample..

DATA COLLECTION, CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS

5. Income data

Income data are not collected from this source.

6. Expenditure data

Data collection method:

Diaries are not used to collect expenditure data.

Interviews are used to collect expenditure data with the respondent completing the interview by recall only.

Data for the following expenditure items are collected by referring:

• to expenditures last week:
  • food

• to expenditures in last one month:
  • other household non-durable goods
  • other personal non-durable goods
  • households services
  • personal services

• to expenditures in last 12 months:
  • clothing, footwear
  • housing
  • other durable goods

The following types of expenditure items are classified as 'Household consumption expenditure':

• non-durable goods purchased
• durable goods purchased (except housing)
• purchase price of owner-occupied housing
• services of owner-occupied housing
• income in-kind receipts of goods
• income in-kind receipts of services
• own produced non-durable goods
• own-produced durable goods
• own-produced services
• in-kind goods received from other households
• in-kind services received from other households
• out of pocket health expenditure
• out of pocket education expenditures
• out of pocket transport expenditures

The following types of expenditure items are classified as 'Non-consumption household expenditure':

• mortgage repayments, including interest
• interest payments (excluding mortgage interest payments)
• life insurance premiums
• licences and fees (e.g. driver's licence, hunting licence, vehicle registration)

The following types of expenditure items are excluded due to measurement problems:

• major repairs, conversions and extensions to owner-occupied housing
• social transfers in-kind of goods and services from government and non-profit institutions serving households

The following types of expenditure items are excluded for other reasons:

• financial services (including fees for financial advice, brokerage fees)
• non-life insurance premiums (e.g. vehicle, housing, other property, medical)
• gambling expenditure

The following types of expenditure items are collected on a 'payments' basis:

• non-durable goods purchased
• durable goods purchased (except housing)
• purchase price of owner-occupied housing
• mortgage repayments, including interest
• services of owner-occupied housing
• income in-kind receipts of goods
• income in-kind receipts of services
• own produced non-durable goods
• own-produced durable goods
• own-produced services
• in-kind goods received from other households
• in-kind services received from other households
• interest payments (excluding mortgage interest payments)
• life insurance premiums
• licences and fees (e.g. driver's licence, hunting licence, vehicle registration)
• out of pocket health expenditure
• out of pocket education expenditures
• out of pocket transport expenditures

7. Other Data Collection Issues

The following other topics are covered:

• demographic characteristics
• education attainment of members
• employment status of members
• occupation of members
• ownership of selected durable goods
• housing characteristics

Households are requested to indicate whether durable goods are new or second-hand when their acquisition is recorded.

Non-response: Non-response households (refusals and non-contacts) are substituted.

Non-response is reduced using the following measures:

• more than one repeat visits
• other measures : use of community leaders to persuade respondents

Reporting errors are reduced using the following measures:³

• careful instrument design
• quality control

DATA PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND DISSEMINATION

Answers are pre-coded on data collection forms to the extent possible.

The responses are edited by the following:

• interviewers, data collectors
• field supervisors
• office staff

Extreme values are amended. In-kind receipts and consumption of own production are included in the estimates. In-kind receipts are valued using: the respondent's estimate. Consumption of own production is valued using: the imputed by field staff using market prices.

Treatment of owner-occupied housing: Values of owner-occupied housing are included in the total income/expenditure estimates and are valued using the rental equivalent net of housing costs usually paid by owners.

The following information is used in this valuation:

• respondent provides an estimate
• interviewer provides an estimate
• imputed based on housing and rent data

Treatment of selected groups/values in analysis: Some households/units are excluded from analysis because of incomplete response. Missing values are imputed only on some occasions .⁴ Supplementary sources are not used to adjust estimates for under- or over-reporting.

The following groups are excluded from data analysis:

• Etnic groups
• religious groups

Weighting:
Weighting factors are used to adjust for:

• sampling
• non-response

Sampling errors: Sampling errors are computed for major aggregates and these sampling errors are published.

Tabulation and Analysis: Statistics are presented showing averages per month and statistics are analysed and tabulated for households and for individuals separately.

The following classifications are used for tabulation and analysis of expenditure statistics:

• age of reference person or head of household
• sex of reference person or head of household
• occupation of reference person or head of household
• other characteristic of reference person or head of household
• absolute income groups
• principal source of household income
• expenditure percentiles
• expenditure classes in monetary terms
• household size

Documentation and Dissemination:

Published methodological information: Manual of Instruction, april 2002

Additional statistics (or special tables on request) are available for public use, free of charge and with charges (on user's special request). Separate tables are published for households with wages/salaries as main source of income. Files of unidentifiable unit data are available (or available on request) for public use, free of charge.