Pakistan

Title: Household Integrated Economic Survey

GENERAL INFORMATION AND BASIC DEFINITIONS

1. Background

Further information is available from Federal Bureau of Statistics, Statistics Division of SLIC-Bldg F 6/4, Islamabad Pakistan, phone: 052 920 8489, fax: 051 22 50 894, e-mail: stat Pak@ISB.Paknet.com:Pak.
Data have been collected by household survey since 1963.

2. Purpose and coverage

The following purposes are considered to be very important or of some importance:

• to estimate household expenditure for national accounts
• to study the general structure of household incomes/expenditures
• to study income/expenditure patterns of disadvantaged groups, including pensioner households, single parent households, etc
• to study income/expenditure disparities among socio-economic groups
• to study consumer behaviour among socio-economic groups
• for general poverty and/or income distribution studies
• to study effects on income and expenditure of policy changes, especially tax changes
• for market research purposes

Geographic coverage: National with the following geographic areas excluded: military restricted areas and protected areas of NWFP are excluded .

Population coverage:
The following types of household are included in the data collection:

• one person private households
• private households with more than one person

The following types of household are excluded in the data collection:

• those in collective housing (such as long term hospitals, prisons, monasteries, military quarters)
• non-resident households of nationals (households of nationals located abroad)
• diplomatic households in the country
• households of other foreigners in the country
• armed forces residing in private housing within military base
• armed forces residing in private housing outside military base

Units:
Dwelling units are used in the sample selection and are characterised by:

• single structure - detached housing unit

Data are recorded for the household unit which is characterised by:

• two or more people living together:
  • sharing meals
• one or more persons living together and sharing meals

Data are recorded for the family unit which is characterised by:

• two or more people:
  • living in the same household
  • sharing a single dwelling unit or compound
  • sharing meals

Data are recorded for the income unit which is characterised by:

• two or more people:
  • living in the same household
  • pooling their income to some extent

Unit members: Usual residents temporarily living away from the dwelling are included, if away continuously for less than 9 months. Visitors (not usual residents) temporarily living in the dwelling are not included as unit members. Domestic staff living in same dwelling/compound are included in the unit. Renters living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit. Boarders living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit.

Head of unit:
The concept of head of household/other unit is used in this survey and is characterised by:

• acknowledged as such by other household/unit members

3. Reference periods

The time period to which income and/or expenditure statistics refer when released/published is from 01/00 to 12/00. This survey is conducted annually. The statistics are published annually.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

4. Sample design

The Primary, Secondary and Ultimate Sampling Units are enumeration area/district, none and household respectively.

Stratification:
Areas/districts were stratified using the following criteria:

• rural/urban

Households/Consumption Unit, Income Unit, Family Unit were stratified using the following criteria:

• income class

The sampling frames for the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Ultimate Sampling Unit (USU) were the list of Census enumeration areas and none respectively.¹ Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were selected using probability proportional to size and Ultimate Sampling Units (USU) were selected using systematic random sampling.. Errors/biases were minimized by using an updated sampling frame.

Enumeration procedure: Enumeration uses a single round survey design in which each reporting unit is enumerated only once. The sample is not divided into representative sub-samples. No action is taken to select a smaller set of reporting units for more detailed questioning.

DATA COLLECTION, CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS

5. Income data

Income data are collected. Receipts do not have to be regular and recurring to be considered as income. Income excludes receipts resulting from the sale or reduction of assets and/or from incurring liabilities. Income includes receipts that are not currently available to the unit.

The following receipts are collected separately:³

• wages and salaries
• cash bonuses and gratuities
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: housing
• employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: meals
• services from owner-occupied dwellings
• interest received
• dividends
• other pensions
• free government dwelling
• subsidized government dwelling
• other social insurance benefits
• other social assistance benefits
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: goods and services
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: free dwelling
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: subsidized dwelling
• regular inter-household transfers received from: free dwelling
• regular inter-household transfers received from: subsidized dwelling

The following receipts are collected but not separately:³

• commissions and tips
• remuneration for time not worked, e.g. leave pay
• goods produced for own consumption
• rentals (payment received for produced assets e.g. house)
• housing allowances
• food subsidies
• medical reimbursements
• regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: cash, e.g. scholarships
• regular inter-household transfers received from: family, e.g. alimony, child/parental support
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular cash gifts
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular in-kind gifts
• regular inter-household transfers received from: regular free services
• social transfers in kind: medical services

The following receipts are classified as income from paid employment:

• wages and salaries
• cash bonuses and gratuities

The following receipts are collected using the last month as the reference period:

• wages and salaries
• cash bonuses and gratuities

Income data were collected separately for each person receiving income. Components of income for an individual were collected directly from the individual. Negative values (business losses) were included when computing self-employment income.

6. Expenditure data

Data collection method:

Diaries are not used to collect expenditure data.

Interviews are used to collect expenditure data with the respondent completing the interview by recall only.

Data for the following expenditure items are collected by referring:²

• to expenditures in last one month:
  • other household non-durable goods

• to expenditures in last 12 months:
  • clothing, footwear
  • housing
  • other durable goods
  • households services
  • personal services

7. Other Data Collection Issues

The following other topics are covered:

• demographic characteristics
• education attainment of members
• employment status of members
• occupation of members
• ownership of selected durable goods
• savings
• indebtedness

Households are not requested to indicate whether durable goods are new or second-hand when their acquisition is recorded.

Non-response: There is no substitution for non-response, whether by non-contact or by refusal.

DATA PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND DISSEMINATION

Answers are pre-coded on data collection forms to the extent possible.

Extreme values are deleted. Consumption of own production is included in the estimates, but in-kind receipts are not. Consumption of own production is valued using: the imputed by field staff using market prices.

Treatment of owner-occupied housing: Values of owner-occupied housing are included in the total income/expenditure estimates and are valued using the current market value. ( )

Treatment of selected groups/values in analysis: Some households/units are excluded from analysis because of incomplete response. Missing values are imputed only on some occasions possible correct the values otherwise treat as missing values. Supplementary sources are not used to adjust estimates for under- or over-reporting. none are excluded from data analysis.

Weighting:
Weighting factors are used to adjust for:

• sampling

Sampling errors: Sampling errors are computed for for internet analysis but these sampling errors are not available.

Tabulation and Analysis: Statistics are presented showing averages per month and statistics are analysed and tabulated for households only.

The following classifications are used for tabulation and analysis of income statistics:

• age of reference person or head of household
• sex of reference person or head of household
• occupation of reference person or head of household
• absolute income groups
• principal source of household income
• household size

Documentation and Dissemination:
Published survey reports: household Integrated Economic Survey, march, 2001

Additional statistics (or special tables on request) are available for public use, free of charge. Separate tables are published for households with wages/salaries as main source of income. Files of unidentifiable unit data are not available (or available on request) for public use.