Philippines

Title: 2000 Family Income and Expenditure survey (FIES)

GENERAL INFORMATION AND BASIC DEFINITIONS

1. Background

Further information is available from National Statistics Office of Ramon Magsaysay Blvd.Sta.Mesa, Manila, phone: 713 21 40, fax: 713 21 34, e-mail: j.perez@mail.census.gov.ph.
Data have been collected by household survey since 1957.

2. Purpose and coverage

The following purposes are considered to be very important or of some importance:

to obtain weights for consumer price index
to estimate household expenditure for national accounts
to study the general structure of household incomes/expenditures
to study income/expenditure patterns of disadvantaged groups, including pensioner households, single parent households, etc
to study income/expenditure disparities among socio-economic groups
to study consumer behaviour among socio-economic groups
for general poverty and/or income distribution studies
to study effects on income and expenditure of policy changes, especially tax changes
for market research purposes

Geographic coverage: National with the following geographic areas excluded: areas in conflict.

Population coverage:
The following types of household are included in the data collection:

one person private households
private households with more than one person
armed forces residing in private housing outside military base

The following types of household are excluded in the data collection:

those in collective housing (such as long term hospitals, prisons, monasteries, military quarters)
non-resident households of nationals (households of nationals located abroad)
diplomatic households in the country
households of other foreigners in the country
armed forces residing in private housing within military base

Units:
Dwelling units are used in the sample selection and are characterised by:

single structure - detached housing unit
single unit in a structure containing more than one housing unit
multiple structures within a compound (e.g. huts)
street address
caves, trailers, barge, boats etc...

Data are recorded for the household unit which is characterised by:

one person units
two or more people living together:
- sharing a single dwelling or compound
- sharing meals
- sharing a common budget for (at least) food and housing expenditures

Data are recorded for the family unit which is characterised by:

two or more people:
- living in the same household
- sharing a single dwelling unit or compound
- related:
  - by blood
  - by marriage
  - by adoption
  - by consensual union
- sharing meals
- sharing a common budget for (at least) food and housing expenditures

Data are recorded for the income unit which is characterised by:

two or more people:
- living in the same household
- sharing a single dwelling or compound

Data are recorded for the consumer unit, expenditure unit or spending unit which is characterised by:

two or more people:
- living in the same household
- sharing a single dwelling or compound
- sharing meals
- sharing a common budget for (at least) food and housing expenditures

Unit members: Usual residents temporarily living away from the dwelling are included, if away continuously for less than 30 days. Visitors (not usual residents) temporarily living in the dwelling are included, if staying continuously for more than 30 days. Domestic staff living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit. Renters living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit. Boarders living in same dwelling/compound are not included in the unit.

Head of unit:
The concept of head of household/other unit is used in this survey and is characterised by:

acknowledged as such by other household/unit members
recognized owner, or responsible for tenancy of dwelling
responsible for financial maintenance of household/unit
main income earner
responsible for decisions on main expenditures
oldest person

3. Reference periods

The time period to which income and/or expenditure statistics refer when released/published is from 01/00 to 12/00.These data are collected in the period from 07/00 to 01/01. This survey is conducted every 3-yearly. The statistics are published every 3-yearly.

SURVEY METHODOLOGY

4. Sample design

The Primary, Secondary and Ultimate Sampling Units are Barangay, enumeration Area and household respectively.

Stratification:
Areas/districts were stratified using the following criteria:

geographical regions
rural/urban

Households/Consumption Unit, Income Unit, Family Unit were stratified using the following criteria:

income class
social class of the head
age group of the head

The sampling frames for the Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) and Ultimate Sampling Unit (USU) were the list of Census enumeration areas and the master sample of households respectively. Primary Sampling Units (PSU) were selected using probability proportional to size and Ultimate Sampling Units (USU) were selected using systematic random sampling.. The overall response rate for the survey was 96.64 percent.

Enumeration procedure: Enumeration uses a single round survey design in which each reporting unit is enumerated only once. No action is taken to select a smaller set of reporting units for more detailed questioning.

DATA COLLECTION, CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS

5. Income data

Income data are collected. Receipts do not have to be regular and recurring to be considered as income. Income includes receipts resulting from the sale or reduction of assets and/or from incurring liabilities are included in income.

The following receipts are collected but not separately:²

wages and salaries
cash bonuses and gratuities
commissions and tips
remuneration for time not worked, e.g. leave pay
termination and redundancy payments
employer social security contributions
employee social security contributions
employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: housing³
employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: meals³
employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: car/transportation³
employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: goods or services produced by employer³
profit/loss from unincorporated enterprises (mixed income)
goods produced for own consumption
services produced for own consumption
interest received
dividends
rentals (payment received for produced assets e.g. house)
rents (payment received for un-produced assets e.g. land)
royalties
regular pensions/annuities from schemes to which employee does not contribute
retirement pensions from compulsory social security schemes
other pensions
family-related allowances
education-related allowances
housing allowances
other social insurance benefits
regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: cash, e.g. scholarships
regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: goods and services
regular inter-household transfers received from: regular inheritances or trusts
regular inter-household transfers received from: regular cash gifts
regular inter-household transfers received from: regular in-kind gifts
social transfers in kind: medical services
social transfers in kind: public education
social transfers in kind: transport subsidies
social transfers in kind: cultural and recreational services

The following receipts are not collected:²

goods produced for barter
services produced for barter
old age benefits
unemployment benefits

The following receipts are classified as income from paid employment:

wages and salaries
cash bonuses and gratuities
commissions and tips
remuneration for time not worked, e.g. leave pay
termination and redundancy payments
employer social security contributions
employee social security contributions

The following receipts are classified as income from self-employment:

employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: goods or services produced by employer³

The following receipts are classified as other employment-related income:

employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: housing³
employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: meals³
employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: car/transportation³
retirement pensions from compulsory social security schemes
social transfers in kind: medical services
social transfers in kind: public education
social transfers in kind: transport subsidies
social transfers in kind: cultural and recreational services

The following receipts are classified as other income but not employment-related:

goods produced for own consumption
services produced for own consumption
interest received
dividends
rentals (payment received for produced assets e.g. house)
rents (payment received for un-produced assets e.g. land)
royalties
regular pensions/annuities from schemes to which employee does not contribute
other pensions
family-related allowances
education-related allowances
other social insurance benefits
regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: cash, e.g. scholarships
regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: goods and services
regular inter-household transfers received from: regular inheritances or trusts
regular inter-household transfers received from: regular cash gifts
regular inter-household transfers received from: regular in-kind gifts

The following receipts are collected using the last month as the reference period:

employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: housing³
goods produced for own consumption
services produced for own consumption

The following receipts are collected using the last 6 months as the reference period:

wages and salaries
cash bonuses and gratuities
commissions and tips
remuneration for time not worked, e.g. leave pay
termination and redundancy payments
employer social security contributions
employee social security contributions
employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: meals³
employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: car/transportation³
interest received
dividends
rentals (payment received for produced assets e.g. house)
rents (payment received for un-produced assets e.g. land)
royalties
regular pensions/annuities from schemes to which employee does not contribute
retirement pensions from compulsory social security schemes
other pensions
family-related allowances
education-related allowances
other social insurance benefits
regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: cash, e.g. scholarships
regular support received from non-profit institutions serving households: goods and services
regular inter-household transfers received from: regular inheritances or trusts
regular inter-household transfers received from: regular cash gifts
regular inter-household transfers received from: regular in-kind gifts
social transfers in kind: medical services
social transfers in kind: public education
social transfers in kind: transport subsidies
social transfers in kind: cultural and recreational services

The following receipts are collected using the 'last payment' and 'period covered':

employee income in-kind provided free or subsidized: goods or services produced by employer³

Income data were collected as an aggregate for the whole unit. Negative values (business losses) were included when computing self-employment income.

6. Expenditure data

7. Other Data Collection Issues

The following other topics are covered:

demographic characteristics
education attainment of members
employment status of members
occupation of members
ownership of selected durable goods
housing characteristics
savings
indebtedness

Households are requested to indicate whether durable goods are new or second-hand when their acquisition is recorded.

Non-response: There is no substitution for non-response, whether by non-contact or by refusal.

Non-response is reduced using more than one repeat visits.

Reporting errors are reduced using the following measures:

careful instrument design
bounding interview
quality control

DATA PROCESSING, ANALYSIS AND DISSEMINATION

Answers are not pre-coded on data collection forms, but are coded by the interviewers (data collectors).

The responses are edited by the following:

interviewers, data collectors
field supervisors

Extreme values are amended. In-kind receipts and consumption of own production are included in the estimates. In-kind receipts are valued using: the respondent's estimate. Consumption of own production is valued using: the respondent's estimate.

Treatment of owner-occupied housing: Values of owner-occupied housing are included in the total income/expenditure estimates and are valued using the rental equivalent net of housing costs usually paid by owners. (respondent provides an estimate )

Treatment of selected groups/values in analysis: No households/units are excluded from analysis because of incomplete response. Missing values are by reinterview. No groups are excluded from data analysis.

Weighting:
Weighting factors are used to adjust for:

sampling
non-response

Sampling errors: Sampling errors are computed for Total Income/Expenditure aggregates only and these sampling errors are available on request.

Tabulation and Analysis: Statistics are presented showing averages per year and statistics are analysed and tabulated for households only.

The following classifications are used for tabulation and analysis of income statistics:

age of reference person or head of household
sex of reference person or head of household
occupation of reference person or head of household
income percentiles, deciles
absolute income groups
principal source of household income
household size

The following classifications are used for tabulation and analysis of expenditure statistics:

age of reference person or head of household
sex of reference person or head of household
occupation of reference person or head of household
expenditure percentiles
expenditure classes in monetary terms
household size

Documentation and Dissemination:
Published survey reports: family Income and Expenditures Survey, nov 2002

Additional statistics (or special tables on request) are available for public use, free of charge and with charges.

Separate tables are published for the following special population groups:

households with wages/salaries as main source of income
low income households

Files of unidentifiable unit data are available (or available on request) for public use, with charges.

(1) Data for food expenditure are collected by referring to expenditures last week, last month, last 3 months and last 6 months. Data for expenditure on Housing, Household services and "Other household non-durable goods" are collected by referring to expen ditures last month and last 6 months. Data for expenditure on Personal Services are collected by referring to expenditures last 1,3 and 6 months, as well as to the last payment for that expenditure. . (2) The following receipts are also collected using the last 6 months as thereference period: Housing provided free or subsidized by employer, Goods produced for own consumption, Services produced for own consumption. (3) The receipt, free or subsidized, of goods or services produced by employer is also in some cases classified as "other employment-related income". (4) Durable and Non-durable goods purchased (except housing) are also collected on a "use" basis.