Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey 2010-2011
Egypt, 2010 - 2011
Reference ID
EGY_2010-11_HIECS_v01_M_ILO
Producer(s)
Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS)
Collections
Created on
Oct 07, 2016
Last modified
Nov 14, 2016
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Identification
Survey ID Number
EGY_2010-11_HIECS_v01_M_ILO
Title
Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey 2010-2011
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Egypt | EGY |
Series Name
Income/Expenditure/Household Survey [hh/ies]
Series Information
The first survey of income and expenditure, planned to be a pilot one, was undertaken in 1955. It was planned and carried out by the Committee of Statistic in three villages of Giza governorate on a sample of 750 households where the total sampling frame in this area was 4000 households.
In 1958/59, the first national survey was conducted in all governorates of Egypt on a sample of 6376 households distributed between urban and rural areas with a percentage of 51.5% and 48.5% respectively. All sample households were observed for the entire survey period (12 month).
In 1964/65, the second survey was conducted on a sample of 13818 households allocated between urban and rural areas such as 67.6% for urban and 32.4%for rural households. With the aim of reducing the burden on surveyed households, the whole sample was divided into four sub-samples where households of each sub-sample were observed for only three consecutive months.
In 1974/75, the third survey was carried out on a sample of 11995 households allocated between urban and rural areas in a similar way as the second survey. Like the second survey, households were observed only for three successive months.
In 1981/82, the fourth survey was conducted on a sample of 17000 households distributed equally between urban and rural areas. A new observation methodology, combing fixed and changeable observation of surveyed households, has been applied. A sub- sample of 1000 households were observed all over the survey period (12 months) while the remaining 16000 households were observed on a changeable basis.
In 1990/91, the name of household budgetary survey changed to income, expenditure and consumption survey. Under the new name, the fifth survey was conducted on a sample of 15000 households distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 60% for urban and 40% for rural. The entire sample was divided into 12 sub-samples, each were observed for only one month.
In 1995/96, the sixth survey was conducted on a sample of 15090 households allocated between urban and rural areas such as 45.1% in urban and 54.9% in rural. The same observation scheme of the previous survey was applied, i.e., households were observed for one month only.
In 1999/2000, the seventh survey was conducted on a sample of 48000 households (4000 household monthly) distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 60% for urban and 40% for rural.(households were observed for one month only).
In 2004/2005, the eighth survey was conducted on a sample of 48000 households (4000 households monthly) distributed in urban and rural areas with the percentage of 46.4% for urban and 53.6% rural (households were observed for one month only).
In 2008/2009 the ninth in the series was conducted on a sample of 48658 households (2000 households every 15 days) distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 47.2% for urban and 52.8% rural.(households were observed every 15 days).
The current survey is the tenth survey that was carried out in 2010/2011 on a sample of 26.5 thousand households, out of which 16.5 thousands were new households and 10 thousands were panel households. 1100 household were collected every 15 days distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 47.1% for urban and 52.9% rural (surveyed households were changed every 15 days).
In 1958/59, the first national survey was conducted in all governorates of Egypt on a sample of 6376 households distributed between urban and rural areas with a percentage of 51.5% and 48.5% respectively. All sample households were observed for the entire survey period (12 month).
In 1964/65, the second survey was conducted on a sample of 13818 households allocated between urban and rural areas such as 67.6% for urban and 32.4%for rural households. With the aim of reducing the burden on surveyed households, the whole sample was divided into four sub-samples where households of each sub-sample were observed for only three consecutive months.
In 1974/75, the third survey was carried out on a sample of 11995 households allocated between urban and rural areas in a similar way as the second survey. Like the second survey, households were observed only for three successive months.
In 1981/82, the fourth survey was conducted on a sample of 17000 households distributed equally between urban and rural areas. A new observation methodology, combing fixed and changeable observation of surveyed households, has been applied. A sub- sample of 1000 households were observed all over the survey period (12 months) while the remaining 16000 households were observed on a changeable basis.
In 1990/91, the name of household budgetary survey changed to income, expenditure and consumption survey. Under the new name, the fifth survey was conducted on a sample of 15000 households distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 60% for urban and 40% for rural. The entire sample was divided into 12 sub-samples, each were observed for only one month.
In 1995/96, the sixth survey was conducted on a sample of 15090 households allocated between urban and rural areas such as 45.1% in urban and 54.9% in rural. The same observation scheme of the previous survey was applied, i.e., households were observed for one month only.
In 1999/2000, the seventh survey was conducted on a sample of 48000 households (4000 household monthly) distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 60% for urban and 40% for rural.(households were observed for one month only).
In 2004/2005, the eighth survey was conducted on a sample of 48000 households (4000 households monthly) distributed in urban and rural areas with the percentage of 46.4% for urban and 53.6% rural (households were observed for one month only).
In 2008/2009 the ninth in the series was conducted on a sample of 48658 households (2000 households every 15 days) distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 47.2% for urban and 52.8% rural.(households were observed every 15 days).
The current survey is the tenth survey that was carried out in 2010/2011 on a sample of 26.5 thousand households, out of which 16.5 thousands were new households and 10 thousands were panel households. 1100 household were collected every 15 days distributed between urban and rural areas with the percentage of 47.1% for urban and 52.9% rural (surveyed households were changed every 15 days).
Abstract
The Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey (HIECS) is of great importance among other household surveys conducted by statistical agencies in various countries around the world. This survey provides a large amount of data to rely on in measuring the living standards of households and individuals, as well as establishing databases that serve in measuring poverty, designing social assistance programs, and providing necessary weights to compile consumer price indices, considered to be an important indicator to assess inflation. The HIECS 2010/2011 is the tenth Household Income, Expenditure and Consumption Survey that was carried out in 2010/2011, among a long series of similar surveys that started back in 1955. The survey main objectives are:
- To identify expenditure levels and patterns of population as well as socio- economic and demographic differentials.
- To measure average household and per-capita expenditure for various expenditure items along with socio-economic correlates.
- To Measure the change in living standards and expenditure patterns and behavior for the individuals and households in the panel sample, previously surveyed in 2008/2009, for the first time during 12 months representing the survey period.
- To define percentage distribution of expenditure for various items used in compiling consumer price indices which is considered important indicator for measuring inflation.
- To estimate the quantities, values of commodities and services consumed by households during the survey period to determine the levels of consumption and estimate the current demand which is important to predict future demands.
- To define average household and per-capita income from different sources.
- To provide data necessary to measure standard of living for households and individuals. Poverty analysis and setting up a basis for social welfare assistance are highly dependent on the results of this survey.
- To provide essential data to measure elasticity which reflects the percentage change in expenditure for various commodity and service groups against the percentage change in total expenditure for the purpose of predicting the levels of expenditure and consumption for different commodity and service items in urban and rural areas.
- To provide data essential for comparing change in expenditure against change in income to measure income elasticity of expenditure.
- To study the relationships between demographic, geographical, housing characteristics of households and their income.
- To provide data necessary for national accounts especially in compiling inputs and outputs tables.
- To identify consumers behavior changes among socio-economic groups in urban and rural areas.
- To identify per capita food consumption and its main components of calories, proteins and fats according to its nutrition components and the levels of expenditure in both urban and rural areas.
- To identify the value of expenditure for food according to its sources, either from household production or not, in addition to household expenditure for non-food commodities and services.
- To identify distribution of households according to the possession of some appliances and equipments such as (cars, satellites, mobiles ,…etc) in urban and rural areas that enables measuring household wealth index.
- To identify the percentage distribution of income earners according to some background variables such as housing conditions, size of household and characteristics of head of household.
Compared to previous surveys, the current survey experienced certain peculiarities, among which :
1- The total sample of the current survey (26.5 thousand households) is divided into two sections:
a- A new sample of 16.5 thousand households. This sample was used to study the geographic differences between urban governorates, urban and rural areas, and frontier governorates as well as other discrepancies related to households characteristics and household size, head of the household's education status, etc.
b- A panel sample with 2008/2009 survey data of around 10 thousand households was selected to accurately study the changes that may have occurred in the households' living standards over the period between the two surveys and over time in the future since CAPMAS will continue to collect panel data for HIECS in the coming years.
2- The number of enumeration area segments is reduced from 2526 in the previous survey to 1000 segments for the new sample, with decreasing the number of households selected from each segment to be (16/18) households instead of (19/20) in the previous survey.
3- Some additional questions that showed to be important based on previous surveys results, were added, such as:
a- Collect the expenditure data on education and health on the person level and not on the household level to enable assessing the real level of average expenditure on those services based on the number of beneficiaries.
b- The extent of health services provided to monitor the level of services available in the Egyptian society.
c- Smoking patterns and behaviors (tobacco types- consumption level- quantities purchased and their values).
d- Counting the number of household members younger than 18 years of age registered in ration cards.
e- Add more details to social security pensions data (for adults, children, scholarships, families of civilian martyrs due to military actions) to match new systems of social security.
f- Duration of usage and current value of durable goods aiming at estimating the service cost of personal consumption, as in the case of imputed rents.
4- Quality control procedures especially for fieldwork, are increased, to ensure data accuracy and avoid any errors in suitable time, as well as taking all the necessary measures to guarantee that mistakes are not repeated, with the application of the principle of reward and punishment. The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Office was cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major research project to develop and expand knowledge on equity and inequality in the Arab region.
The main focus of the project is to measure the magnitude and direction of change in inequality and to understand the complex contributing social, political and economic forces influencing its levels. However, the measurement and analysis of the magnitude and direction of change in this inequality cannot be consistently carried out without harmonized and comparable micro-level data on income and expenditures. Therefore, one important component of this research project is securing and harmonizing household surveys from as many countries in the region as possible, adhering to international statistics on household living standards distribution. Once the dataset has been compiled, the Economic Research Forum makes it available, subject to confidentiality agreements, to all researchers and institutions concerned with data collection and issues of inequality. Data is a public good, in the interest of the region, and it is consistent with the Economic Research Forum's mandate to make micro data available, aiding regional research on this important topic.
- To identify expenditure levels and patterns of population as well as socio- economic and demographic differentials.
- To measure average household and per-capita expenditure for various expenditure items along with socio-economic correlates.
- To Measure the change in living standards and expenditure patterns and behavior for the individuals and households in the panel sample, previously surveyed in 2008/2009, for the first time during 12 months representing the survey period.
- To define percentage distribution of expenditure for various items used in compiling consumer price indices which is considered important indicator for measuring inflation.
- To estimate the quantities, values of commodities and services consumed by households during the survey period to determine the levels of consumption and estimate the current demand which is important to predict future demands.
- To define average household and per-capita income from different sources.
- To provide data necessary to measure standard of living for households and individuals. Poverty analysis and setting up a basis for social welfare assistance are highly dependent on the results of this survey.
- To provide essential data to measure elasticity which reflects the percentage change in expenditure for various commodity and service groups against the percentage change in total expenditure for the purpose of predicting the levels of expenditure and consumption for different commodity and service items in urban and rural areas.
- To provide data essential for comparing change in expenditure against change in income to measure income elasticity of expenditure.
- To study the relationships between demographic, geographical, housing characteristics of households and their income.
- To provide data necessary for national accounts especially in compiling inputs and outputs tables.
- To identify consumers behavior changes among socio-economic groups in urban and rural areas.
- To identify per capita food consumption and its main components of calories, proteins and fats according to its nutrition components and the levels of expenditure in both urban and rural areas.
- To identify the value of expenditure for food according to its sources, either from household production or not, in addition to household expenditure for non-food commodities and services.
- To identify distribution of households according to the possession of some appliances and equipments such as (cars, satellites, mobiles ,…etc) in urban and rural areas that enables measuring household wealth index.
- To identify the percentage distribution of income earners according to some background variables such as housing conditions, size of household and characteristics of head of household.
Compared to previous surveys, the current survey experienced certain peculiarities, among which :
1- The total sample of the current survey (26.5 thousand households) is divided into two sections:
a- A new sample of 16.5 thousand households. This sample was used to study the geographic differences between urban governorates, urban and rural areas, and frontier governorates as well as other discrepancies related to households characteristics and household size, head of the household's education status, etc.
b- A panel sample with 2008/2009 survey data of around 10 thousand households was selected to accurately study the changes that may have occurred in the households' living standards over the period between the two surveys and over time in the future since CAPMAS will continue to collect panel data for HIECS in the coming years.
2- The number of enumeration area segments is reduced from 2526 in the previous survey to 1000 segments for the new sample, with decreasing the number of households selected from each segment to be (16/18) households instead of (19/20) in the previous survey.
3- Some additional questions that showed to be important based on previous surveys results, were added, such as:
a- Collect the expenditure data on education and health on the person level and not on the household level to enable assessing the real level of average expenditure on those services based on the number of beneficiaries.
b- The extent of health services provided to monitor the level of services available in the Egyptian society.
c- Smoking patterns and behaviors (tobacco types- consumption level- quantities purchased and their values).
d- Counting the number of household members younger than 18 years of age registered in ration cards.
e- Add more details to social security pensions data (for adults, children, scholarships, families of civilian martyrs due to military actions) to match new systems of social security.
f- Duration of usage and current value of durable goods aiming at estimating the service cost of personal consumption, as in the case of imputed rents.
4- Quality control procedures especially for fieldwork, are increased, to ensure data accuracy and avoid any errors in suitable time, as well as taking all the necessary measures to guarantee that mistakes are not repeated, with the application of the principle of reward and punishment. The raw survey data provided by the Statistical Office was cleaned and harmonized by the Economic Research Forum, in the context of a major research project to develop and expand knowledge on equity and inequality in the Arab region.
The main focus of the project is to measure the magnitude and direction of change in inequality and to understand the complex contributing social, political and economic forces influencing its levels. However, the measurement and analysis of the magnitude and direction of change in this inequality cannot be consistently carried out without harmonized and comparable micro-level data on income and expenditures. Therefore, one important component of this research project is securing and harmonizing household surveys from as many countries in the region as possible, adhering to international statistics on household living standards distribution. Once the dataset has been compiled, the Economic Research Forum makes it available, subject to confidentiality agreements, to all researchers and institutions concerned with data collection and issues of inequality. Data is a public good, in the interest of the region, and it is consistent with the Economic Research Forum's mandate to make micro data available, aiding regional research on this important topic.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
1- Household/family
2- Individual/Person
2- Individual/Person
Version
Version number
Version 01
Scope
Study notes
The scope of this study includes:
- Household: Includes geographic, social, and economic characteristics of households, namely, household composition, dwelling characteristics, ownership of assets indicators, heads' and spouses' characteristics, annual household expenditure and income.
- Individual: Includes demographic, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners.
- Fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
- Household: Includes geographic, social, and economic characteristics of households, namely, household composition, dwelling characteristics, ownership of assets indicators, heads' and spouses' characteristics, annual household expenditure and income.
- Individual: Includes demographic, education, labor and health characteristics, as well as annual income for household members identified as earners.
- Fathers' and mothers' characteristics are generated for household members if possible.
Topic Classification
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Education | ILO |
| Health | ILO |
| Household Income | ILO |
| Infrastructure | ILO |
| Labour Market Dynamics | ILO |
| Poverty | ILO |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Universe
The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households.
Producers and sponsors
Authoring entity/Primary investigators
| Agency Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) | Arab Republic of Egypt |
Producers
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The sample of HIECS, 2010-2011 is a self-weighted two-stage stratified cluster sample, of around 26500 households. The main elements of the sampling design are described in the following:
1- Sample Size
It has been deemed important to collect a smaller sample size (around 26.5 thousand households) compared to previous rounds due to the convergence in the time period over which the survey is conducted to be every two years instead of five years because of its importance.
The sample has been proportionally distributed on the governorate level between urban and rural areas, in order to make the sample representative even for small governorates.
Thus, a sample of about 26500 households has been considered, and was distributed between urban and rural with the percentages of 47.1 % and 52.9, respectively.
This sample is divided into two parts:
a- A new sample of 16.5 thousand households selected from main enumeration areas.
b- A panel sample with 2008/2009 survey data of around 10 thousand households.
2- Cluster size
The cluster size in the previous survey has been decreased compared to older surveys since large cluster sizes previously used were found to be too large to yield accepted design effect estimates (DEFT).
As a result, it has been decided to use a cluster size of only 16 households (that was increased to 18 households in urban governorates and Giza, in addition to urban areas in Helwan and 6th of October, to account for anticipated non-response in those governorates:
in view of past experience indicating that non-response may almost be nil in rural governorates).
While the cluster size for the panel sample was 4 households.
3- Core Sample
The core sample is the master sample of any household sample required to be pulled for the purpose of studying the properties of individuals and families. It is a large sample and distributed on urban and rural areas of all governorates. It is a representative sample
for the individual characteristics of the Egyptian society.
This sample was implemented in January 2010 and its size reached more than 1 million household (1004800 household) selected from 5024 enumeration areas distributed on all governorates (urban/rural) proportionally with the sample size (the enumeration area size is around 200 households).
The core sample is the sampling frame from which the samples for the surveys conducted by CAPMAS are pulled, such as the Labor Force Surveys, Income, Expenditure And Consumption Survey, Household Urban Migration Survey, ...etc, in addition to other samples that may be required for outsources.
New Households Sample
1000 sample areas were selected across all governorates (urban/rural) using a proportional technique with the sample size. The number required for each governorate (urban/rural) was selected from the enumeration areas of the core sample using a systematic sampling technique.
1- Sample Size
It has been deemed important to collect a smaller sample size (around 26.5 thousand households) compared to previous rounds due to the convergence in the time period over which the survey is conducted to be every two years instead of five years because of its importance.
The sample has been proportionally distributed on the governorate level between urban and rural areas, in order to make the sample representative even for small governorates.
Thus, a sample of about 26500 households has been considered, and was distributed between urban and rural with the percentages of 47.1 % and 52.9, respectively.
This sample is divided into two parts:
a- A new sample of 16.5 thousand households selected from main enumeration areas.
b- A panel sample with 2008/2009 survey data of around 10 thousand households.
2- Cluster size
The cluster size in the previous survey has been decreased compared to older surveys since large cluster sizes previously used were found to be too large to yield accepted design effect estimates (DEFT).
As a result, it has been decided to use a cluster size of only 16 households (that was increased to 18 households in urban governorates and Giza, in addition to urban areas in Helwan and 6th of October, to account for anticipated non-response in those governorates:
in view of past experience indicating that non-response may almost be nil in rural governorates).
While the cluster size for the panel sample was 4 households.
3- Core Sample
The core sample is the master sample of any household sample required to be pulled for the purpose of studying the properties of individuals and families. It is a large sample and distributed on urban and rural areas of all governorates. It is a representative sample
for the individual characteristics of the Egyptian society.
This sample was implemented in January 2010 and its size reached more than 1 million household (1004800 household) selected from 5024 enumeration areas distributed on all governorates (urban/rural) proportionally with the sample size (the enumeration area size is around 200 households).
The core sample is the sampling frame from which the samples for the surveys conducted by CAPMAS are pulled, such as the Labor Force Surveys, Income, Expenditure And Consumption Survey, Household Urban Migration Survey, ...etc, in addition to other samples that may be required for outsources.
New Households Sample
1000 sample areas were selected across all governorates (urban/rural) using a proportional technique with the sample size. The number required for each governorate (urban/rural) was selected from the enumeration areas of the core sample using a systematic sampling technique.
Response Rate
For the total sample, the response rate was 93.0% (91.2% in urban areas and 95.6% in rural areas). Response rates on the governorate level at each sampling stage are presented in the methodology document attached to the external resources in both Arabic and English.
Weighting
In order for the sample estimates for the HIECS to be representative of the population, it is necessary to multiply the data by a sampling weight, or expansion factor. The basic weight for each sample household would be equal to the inverse of its probability of selection (calculated by multiplying the probabilities at each sampling stage). The HIECS sample is approximately self-weighting at national level and strictly self-weighting at the governorate level, it should be easy to attach a weight to each sample household record in the computer files, and the tabulation programs can weight the data automatically. The sampling probabilities at each stage of selection will be maintained in an Excel spreadsheet so that the overall probability and corresponding weight can be calculated for each sample cluster. The procedures for calculating the weights and variances are described in details in the methodology technical document attached to the external resources in both Arabic and English.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 2011 |
Time periods (YYYY/MM/DD)
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2010-07-01 | 2011-06-30 | 1 year |
Mode of data collection
Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]
Supervision
The field staff was selected from among the efficient experienced persons working in CAPMAS and new graduates specially females. Intensive training program for supervisors was conducted at CAPMAS in Cairo and locally in governorates for interviewers and field editors. Supervision program was implemented (each 15 days) in all governorates to check the field work to overcome the field problems. Data were collected by using personal interview method for household in dwelling and it had been obtained from the head of household or wife or any eligible person in case of their absence. Duties and responsibilities of all levels of field staff (interviewer, editor and supervisor) were defined to insure the accuracy and timing.
Characteristics of Data Collection Situation - Notes on data collection
The Preparation stage for the survey has started in January 2010; the coordination among all stages of survey implementation has been taken into consideration. The activities of office editing, coding, data processing and validation were held at the same time with data collection. Completed questionnaire from all governorates have been submitted to the research division in CAPMAS every two weeks starting the sixth day after the ending of the two weeks during which data is collected. This was followed by the revision and coding phase in parallel with the data entry of those questionnaires, then starts the validation process to evaluate the accuracy and consistency of collected data.
The survey period of the 2010-2011 HIECS extends over a 12 months period, starting from July 2010 and ending in June 2011. Households were observed for two continuous weeks only, this is to collect information on food expenditure. The collection period was shortened to lighten the burden on the surveyed households and encourage them for more cooperation. Conventionally, the entire survey period is divided into four exclusive quarters, the first quarter includes the first three months (July, August, and September); the second quarter consists of the following three months, and so on till the fourth quarter.
The rationale behind this division scheme is to extract preliminary results on each quarter independently, for the purpose of either assessing the quality of survey results, especially in its early stages of implementation, or to conduct meaningful comparative analysis with the similar quarter of previous HIECS rounds once the preliminary results were judged to be acceptable. In response to the requirements mentioned above, the entire sample is to be divided among the four quarters. A decision was made to cover the whole first stage sample (1000 EAs) in all the survey quarters, but with a sample of 4 or 5 households to be observed from each EA in each quarter. In order to accomplish an appropriate allocation scheme of the sample over the entire survey period, the first stage sample was randomly divided into six equal (or approximately equal) sub-samples; each of these sub-samples was assigned to a certain 2-week survey period. The first sub-sample had been observed in the first two weeks of July; the second sub-sample in the second two week of July; the third sub- sample in the first 2 weeks of August; and so on till the sixth sub-sample which is to observed in the last two weeks of September. Considerations are also made such that the EA's which are to be observed in the first two weeks of any month in the first quarter are to be observed in the second two weeks of the corresponding month in the second quarter, and conversely for EA's observed in the second 2 week of any month in the first quarter. Evidently, the sample allocation over the six 2-week periods of the first and second quarters will be repeated in the third and fourth quarters respectively. As a result of this allocation scheme, each sample EA will be observed two times in the first 2 weeks and two times in the second 2 weeks of the corresponding months.
As mentioned before, only 4 or 5 households are to be observed from each EA in each of the survey quarters. The list of the whole cluster of 16 or 18 households was divided, into a sub-sample of 5 or 4 households, each of which will be observed in the successive survey quarters. The reference period over which data was collected varies according to the type of data item as follows:15 days: for expenditure on food and beverages. Month: for expenditure on alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics, housing and its accessories goods and services for routine household maintenance, health, operation of personal transport equipments, transport services, restaurants and hotels, personal care and other services n.e.c. Quarterly: for expenditure on health, Communication. Annually: for expenditure on clothing and footwear, housing and its accessories, furnishings, household equipments and routine maintenance of the house, health, transport, communication, recreation and culture, education, restaurants and hotels and miscellaneous goods and services. It is worth noting that in some cases the groups of commodities or services include more than one period such as health which has monthly, quarterly and annually items, on which the expenditure ends by the end of the survey period, depending upon the consumption frequency of these items.
The survey period of the 2010-2011 HIECS extends over a 12 months period, starting from July 2010 and ending in June 2011. Households were observed for two continuous weeks only, this is to collect information on food expenditure. The collection period was shortened to lighten the burden on the surveyed households and encourage them for more cooperation. Conventionally, the entire survey period is divided into four exclusive quarters, the first quarter includes the first three months (July, August, and September); the second quarter consists of the following three months, and so on till the fourth quarter.
The rationale behind this division scheme is to extract preliminary results on each quarter independently, for the purpose of either assessing the quality of survey results, especially in its early stages of implementation, or to conduct meaningful comparative analysis with the similar quarter of previous HIECS rounds once the preliminary results were judged to be acceptable. In response to the requirements mentioned above, the entire sample is to be divided among the four quarters. A decision was made to cover the whole first stage sample (1000 EAs) in all the survey quarters, but with a sample of 4 or 5 households to be observed from each EA in each quarter. In order to accomplish an appropriate allocation scheme of the sample over the entire survey period, the first stage sample was randomly divided into six equal (or approximately equal) sub-samples; each of these sub-samples was assigned to a certain 2-week survey period. The first sub-sample had been observed in the first two weeks of July; the second sub-sample in the second two week of July; the third sub- sample in the first 2 weeks of August; and so on till the sixth sub-sample which is to observed in the last two weeks of September. Considerations are also made such that the EA's which are to be observed in the first two weeks of any month in the first quarter are to be observed in the second two weeks of the corresponding month in the second quarter, and conversely for EA's observed in the second 2 week of any month in the first quarter. Evidently, the sample allocation over the six 2-week periods of the first and second quarters will be repeated in the third and fourth quarters respectively. As a result of this allocation scheme, each sample EA will be observed two times in the first 2 weeks and two times in the second 2 weeks of the corresponding months.
As mentioned before, only 4 or 5 households are to be observed from each EA in each of the survey quarters. The list of the whole cluster of 16 or 18 households was divided, into a sub-sample of 5 or 4 households, each of which will be observed in the successive survey quarters. The reference period over which data was collected varies according to the type of data item as follows:15 days: for expenditure on food and beverages. Month: for expenditure on alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotics, housing and its accessories goods and services for routine household maintenance, health, operation of personal transport equipments, transport services, restaurants and hotels, personal care and other services n.e.c. Quarterly: for expenditure on health, Communication. Annually: for expenditure on clothing and footwear, housing and its accessories, furnishings, household equipments and routine maintenance of the house, health, transport, communication, recreation and culture, education, restaurants and hotels and miscellaneous goods and services. It is worth noting that in some cases the groups of commodities or services include more than one period such as health which has monthly, quarterly and annually items, on which the expenditure ends by the end of the survey period, depending upon the consumption frequency of these items.
Data Collectors
Questionnaires
Type of Research Instrument
Three different questionnaires have been designed as following:
1- Expenditure and consumption questionnaire.
2- Diary questionnaire for expenditure and consumption.
3- Income questionnaire.
1- Expenditure and consumption questionnaire.
2- Diary questionnaire for expenditure and consumption.
3- Income questionnaire.
Data Processing
Cleaning Operations
Office Editing:
It is one of the main stages of the survey. It started as soon as the questionnaires were received from the field and accomplished by selected work groups. It includes:
a- Editing of coverage and completeness
b- Editing of consistency
c- Arithmetic editing of quantities and values.
Data Coding:
Specialized staff has coded the data of industry, occupation and geographical identification.
Data Processing and preparing final results
It included machine data entry, data validation and tabulation and preparing final survey volumes.
Harmonized Data:
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Office.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/compute/recode/rename/format/label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is run on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
It is one of the main stages of the survey. It started as soon as the questionnaires were received from the field and accomplished by selected work groups. It includes:
a- Editing of coverage and completeness
b- Editing of consistency
c- Arithmetic editing of quantities and values.
Data Coding:
Specialized staff has coded the data of industry, occupation and geographical identification.
Data Processing and preparing final results
It included machine data entry, data validation and tabulation and preparing final survey volumes.
Harmonized Data:
- The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) is used to clean and harmonize the datasets.
- The harmonization process starts with cleaning all raw data files received from the Statistical Office.
- Cleaned data files are then all merged to produce one data file on the individual level containing all variables subject to harmonization.
- A country-specific program is generated for each dataset to generate/compute/recode/rename/format/label harmonized variables.
- A post-harmonization cleaning process is run on the data.
- Harmonized data is saved on the household as well as the individual level, in SPSS and converted to STATA format.
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
The sampling error of major survey estimates has been derived using the Ultimate Cluster Method as applied in the CENVAR Module of the Integrated Microcomputer Processing System (IMPS) Package. In addition to the estimate of sampling error, the output includes estimates of coefficient of variation, design effect (DEFF) and 95% confidence intervals.
Data Appraisal
Quality Control Procedures included:
1- Procedures implemented by the survey division
A- Applying the recent international recommendations of different concepts and definitions of income and expenditure considering maintaining the consistency with the previous surveys in order to compare and study the changes in pertinent indicators.
B- Evaluating the quality of data in all different Implementation stages to avoid or minimize errors to the lowest extent possible through: Implementing field editing after finishing data collection for households in governorates to avoid any errors in suitable time. Setting up a program for the Survey Technical Committee Members and survey staff for visiting fieldwork in all governorates (each 15 days) to solve any problem in the proper time. For the purpose of quality assurance, tables were generated for each survey round where internal consistency checks were performed to study the plausibility of consistency of data collected.
2- Procedures implemented by the quality control general division
A- It was put into consideration during the survey implementation to assign the quality control general division a core role in controlling the quality of the fieldwork to ensure data accuracy and avoid any errors in suitable time, as well as taking all the necessary measures to guarantee that mistakes are not repeated, with the application of the principle of reward and punishment, and announce the results to all those working in the survey.
B- 24 quality control rounds (2 rounds weekly) covering all governorates were implemented. A complete report on the results of each round was produced and distributed to all workers in the survey. The quality control procedures covered 73.2% of total kism/district in urban areas, 48.3% of rural districts, and 48% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2%. As for the panel sample, the quality control procedures covered 50.3% of total kism/district in urban areas, 16.9% of rural districts, and 14.2% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2.1%.
1- Procedures implemented by the survey division
A- Applying the recent international recommendations of different concepts and definitions of income and expenditure considering maintaining the consistency with the previous surveys in order to compare and study the changes in pertinent indicators.
B- Evaluating the quality of data in all different Implementation stages to avoid or minimize errors to the lowest extent possible through: Implementing field editing after finishing data collection for households in governorates to avoid any errors in suitable time. Setting up a program for the Survey Technical Committee Members and survey staff for visiting fieldwork in all governorates (each 15 days) to solve any problem in the proper time. For the purpose of quality assurance, tables were generated for each survey round where internal consistency checks were performed to study the plausibility of consistency of data collected.
2- Procedures implemented by the quality control general division
A- It was put into consideration during the survey implementation to assign the quality control general division a core role in controlling the quality of the fieldwork to ensure data accuracy and avoid any errors in suitable time, as well as taking all the necessary measures to guarantee that mistakes are not repeated, with the application of the principle of reward and punishment, and announce the results to all those working in the survey.
B- 24 quality control rounds (2 rounds weekly) covering all governorates were implemented. A complete report on the results of each round was produced and distributed to all workers in the survey. The quality control procedures covered 73.2% of total kism/district in urban areas, 48.3% of rural districts, and 48% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2%. As for the panel sample, the quality control procedures covered 50.3% of total kism/district in urban areas, 16.9% of rural districts, and 14.2% of total EAs of the new sample, where the percentage of inconsistencies did not exceed 2.1%.
Data access
Contact
| Name | Affiliation | URI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) | Arab Republic of Egypt | [email protected] | www.capmas.gov.eg |
Contact
| Name | Affiliation | URI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS) | Arab Republic of Egypt | pres capmas@capmas | www.capmas.gov.eg |
Metadata production
Document ID
DDI_EGY_2010-11_HIECS_v01_M_ILO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Statistics | ILO | International Labour Organization | Producer of DDI |
Date of Production
2016-10-07