Living Standards Survey 1987-1988
Ghana, 1987 - 1988
Reference ID
GHA_1988_LSS_v01_M_ILO
Producer(s)
Ghana Statistical Service
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Created on
Aug 03, 2017
Last modified
Aug 03, 2017
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Identification
Survey ID Number
GHA_1988_LSS_v01_M_ILO
Title
Living Standards Survey 1987-1988
Subtitle
First Round
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Ghana | GHA |
Series Name
Living Standards Measurement Study [hh/lsms]
Series Information
This is the first Living Standards Survey counducted in Ghana. The GLSS gathered nationwide individual and household level data using a multi-purpose household questionnaire. Community level data were collected using a community questionnaire in rural areas and a price questionnaire was used in both urban and rural areas.
Abstract
The Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) is a nationwide household survey carried out by the Government of Ghana (Ghana Statistical Service) with the support of the World Bank (Social Dimensions of Adjustment Project Unit). The objective of the survey is to provide data to the government for measuring the living standards of the population and the progress made in raising them. The survey data will permit a more effective formulation and implementation of policies designed to improve the welfare of the population. The GLSS was launched in September 1987 and is currently planned to be undertaken over a five-year period. The five interval ensures that a steady stream of data becomes available to monitor the impact of the Government's Economic Recovery Program, including the Program of Actions to Mitigate the Social Costs of Adjustment (PAMSCAD).
GLSS provides data on various aspects of the Ghanaian household economic and social activities and the interactions between these activities. Data are collected at three levels; the individual level, the household level and community level. The results from the household questionnaire administered to 1525 households over the six month period from september 1987 to march 1988. These results provides a first and useful look at key economic indicators however, because the database does not cover a complete twelve month period, inferences from this sample should be made with caution.
GLSS provides data on various aspects of the Ghanaian household economic and social activities and the interactions between these activities. Data are collected at three levels; the individual level, the household level and community level. The results from the household questionnaire administered to 1525 households over the six month period from september 1987 to march 1988. These results provides a first and useful look at key economic indicators however, because the database does not cover a complete twelve month period, inferences from this sample should be made with caution.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
- Households
- Individuals
- Community
- Commodity
- Individuals
- Community
- Commodity
Version
Version number
Version 01
Scope
Study notes
The scope of Living Standards Survey I 1987-1988 includes:
- HOUSEHOLD: Household roster, Housing, Education, Health, Economic activities, Migration, Agro-pastoral activities, Non-farm self-employment, Expenditure and inventory of durable goods, Food expenses and home production, Fertility, Other income, Credit and savings, Anthropometrics, Cognitive skills
- COMMUNITY: Demographic information, Economy and infrastructure, Education, Health, Agriculture
- PRICE: Food, Pharmaceutical, Non-food
- HOUSEHOLD: Household roster, Housing, Education, Health, Economic activities, Migration, Agro-pastoral activities, Non-farm self-employment, Expenditure and inventory of durable goods, Food expenses and home production, Fertility, Other income, Credit and savings, Anthropometrics, Cognitive skills
- COMMUNITY: Demographic information, Economy and infrastructure, Education, Health, Agriculture
- PRICE: Food, Pharmaceutical, Non-food
Topic Classification
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Agriculture & Rural Development | ILO |
| Economic Policy | ILO |
| Education | ILO |
| Environment | ILO |
| Migration & Remittances | ILO |
| Health | ILO |
| Household Income | ILO |
| Other Work Activities | ILO |
| Employment | ILO |
| Gender | ILO |
Keywords
| Keyword |
|---|
| Socio-demographic information |
| Economic activities |
| Migration |
| Remittances |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
National
Universe
The survey covered all household members of all age and sex category who reside in Ghana.
Producers and sponsors
Authoring entity/Primary investigators
| Agency Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Ghana Statistical Service | Republic of Ghana |
Producers
| Name | Role |
|---|---|
| The World Bank | Technical assistance |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The GLSS canvasses a nationally representative sample of 3200 households. A two-stage stratified sample design was used. At the first stage, 200 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected with probability proportional to the number of Census households. Stratification criteria were urban/rural and ecological zones. Households in the selected EAs were then listed through a filed operation. Comparing the number of households listed with those in the census in each EA, 200 “workloads” were allocated among the 200 selected EAs. In the second stage, 16 households were selected to make up each workload, but some received three, while a few received none. This design has resulted in a self-weighting sample (with equal probability of selection for each household in Ghana).
Deviations from the Sample Design
The methodology that was used reflects the purpose of the survey. To balance the desire for a large representative sample with the expense of a long, detailed survey instrument, a sample size of 3'200 households was selected. The households were to be chosen in such a manner that each household had an equal probability of being selected. At the same time, the logistics of locationg the households and conducting all interviews within a specific time frame required that the households be grouped into "workloads" of 16 households each. A final concern was that all three of the of the country's ecological zones (coastal, forest and savannah), and each of urban, semi-urban and rural areas (population greater than 5000, 1500 to 5000, and less than 1500, respectively) from the same proportion in the sample as key do in the national population.
To achieve the three objectives simultaneously, a stratified selection process was used. For the 1984 Census, all of Ghana was divided into approximately 13'000 enumeration areas. From this list, it was determinated what proportion of the 200 GLSS workloads should be selected from each of the nine zone/urban categories.
Two hundred sampling areas were then selected from the enumeration areas in the sub-divided list. For each enumeration area, the probability of being selected was proportional to the number of households contained in that area.
To achieve the three objectives simultaneously, a stratified selection process was used. For the 1984 Census, all of Ghana was divided into approximately 13'000 enumeration areas. From this list, it was determinated what proportion of the 200 GLSS workloads should be selected from each of the nine zone/urban categories.
Two hundred sampling areas were then selected from the enumeration areas in the sub-divided list. For each enumeration area, the probability of being selected was proportional to the number of households contained in that area.
Weighting
This is a self-weighting sample (with equal probability of selection for each household in Ghana). Weights are not computed. this is because there were not enough informations on how the weights were impputed against the variables.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 1987 | 1988 |
Time periods (YYYY/MM/DD)
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 1987-09 | 1988-08 |
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
The GLSS survey was conducted by ten teams. each of the ten teams include a supervisor, two interviewers, an anthropometrist, a data entry clerk stationed at the regional office and a driver (with a Landrover).
Characteristics of Data Collection Situation - Notes on data collection
The household survey contains modules (sections) to collect data on household demographic structure, housing conditions, schooling, health, employment, migration, expenditures and income, household non-agricultural usinesses, agricultural activities, fertility ad contraceptive use, savings and credit, and anthropometric (height and weight) measures. The community questionnaire collected data on the population of the community, a list of principal ethnic groups and religions, the lenght of time the community has existed and whelther or not it has grown, principal economic activities, access to a motorable road, electricity, pipe-borne water, reataurant or food, etc.. Price questionnaire collected information on prices from up to three vendors i.e. food, pharmaceutical and other non-food items.
Questionnaires
Type of Research Instrument
Three types of questionnaires are used in the GLSS: (1) a household questionnaire; (2) a community questionnaire; (3) a price questionnaire. The household questionnaire comprises 16 sections which allow the collection of a total of about 800 pieces of information on the household. It includes household composition, housing, education, health, economic activities, migration, housing characteristics, anthropometry, agro-pastoral activities, non-farm self-employment, expenditures and inventory of durable goods, food expenses and home production, fertility, other income, credit and savings.
The community questionnaire, used in the rural areas, is administered to the persons best informed about the community (village chief, teachers, etc). It includes demography, economy and infrastructure, education, health and agriculture. The price questionnaire is filled out based on direct observation of the market prices. It includes food items, pharmaceutical items and other non-food items.
The community questionnaire, used in the rural areas, is administered to the persons best informed about the community (village chief, teachers, etc). It includes demography, economy and infrastructure, education, health and agriculture. The price questionnaire is filled out based on direct observation of the market prices. It includes food items, pharmaceutical items and other non-food items.
Data Processing
Cleaning Operations
The quality control of the data collection occurs at three instances such as:
- First, on the field, the supervisor randomly visits 25% of the households already surveyed to verify the answers to some key questions. In addition the supervisor periodically attends interviews conducted by each interview.
- Second, in the regional offie, the data entry computed package used perform consistency checks, so that inconsistencies and errors in data collected during the first round are immediately reported to the interviewers for verification during the second round.
- Finally, daily supervisory checks of the data entry process are performed.
- First, on the field, the supervisor randomly visits 25% of the households already surveyed to verify the answers to some key questions. In addition the supervisor periodically attends interviews conducted by each interview.
- Second, in the regional offie, the data entry computed package used perform consistency checks, so that inconsistencies and errors in data collected during the first round are immediately reported to the interviewers for verification during the second round.
- Finally, daily supervisory checks of the data entry process are performed.
Data access
Contact
| Name | Affiliation | URI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ghana Statistical Service | Republic of Ghana | [email protected] | Link |
Confidentiality Declaration
Ghana Statistical Service requires all users to keep information and adata stricly confidential. In this regard, before being granted access to datasets, all users have to formally agree to observe the following:
1. to make no copy of any files or portions of files to which access has been grantedd except with the authorization by the Ghana Statistical Service.
2. Not to willfully identify any individual or household or establishment in the dataset.
3. To hold in strictest confidence the identification of any individual or househld or establishment that may be inadvertently revealed in any documents or discussion, or analysis. Such inadvertent identification revealed should be immediately brought to the attention of the Ghana Statistical Service.
Conditions
Three levels of accessibility are considered by the Ghana Statistical Service such as:
1. Public use files, accessible by all;
2. Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions;
3. Dataset only accessible on location , for certain datasets.
The following terms and conditions apply:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Ghana Statistical Service.
2. The data wil be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents and no use will be made of the identify of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the Ghana Statistical Service.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Ghana Statistical Service with other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, these dissertations, reports or other publications that employ data obtained from the Ghana Statistical Service would cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation statement provided with the dataset.
6. An electzronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Ghana Statistical Service.
1. Public use files, accessible by all;
2. Licensed datasets, accessible under certain conditions;
3. Dataset only accessible on location , for certain datasets.
The following terms and conditions apply:
1. The data and other materials will not be redistributed or sold to other individuals, institutions, or organizations without the written agreement of the Ghana Statistical Service.
2. The data wil be used for statistical and scientific research purposes only. They will be used solely for reporting of aggregated information, and not for investigation of specific individuals or organizations.
3. No attempt will be made to re-identify respondents and no use will be made of the identify of any person or establishment discovered inadvertently. Any such discovery would immediately be reported to the Ghana Statistical Service.
4. No attempt will be made to produce links among datasets provided by the Ghana Statistical Service with other datasets that could identify individuals or organizations.
5. Any books, articles, conference papers, these dissertations, reports or other publications that employ data obtained from the Ghana Statistical Service would cite the source of data in accordance with the Citation statement provided with the dataset.
6. An electzronic copy of all reports and publications based on the requested data will be sent to the Ghana Statistical Service.
Citation requirement
Use of the dataset must be acknowledged using a citation which would include:
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example: Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) 1987-1988. Ref. GHA_1987_GLSS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdata.worldbank.org on [date].
- the Identification of the Primary Investigator
- the title of the survey (including country, acronym and year of implementation)
- the survey reference number
- the source and date of download
Example: Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) 1987-1988. Ref. GHA_1987_GLSS_v01_M. Dataset downloaded from http://microdata.worldbank.org on [date].
Contact
| Name | Affiliation | URI | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ghana Statistical Service | Republic of Ghana | [email protected] | Link |
| Dr. Grace Bediako | Ghana Statistical Service | [email protected] | Link |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.
Copyright
@ 2008, Ghana Statistical Service.
Metadata production
Document ID
DDI_GHA_1987-88_GLSS_v01_M_ILO
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Statistics | ILO | Internationa Labour Organization | Producer of DDI |
Date of Production
2017-08-03