Acknowledgements

This report is dedicated to the life of Michael Cichon who passed away in 2022. Michael was a social protection visionary, a dear colleague and legendary director of the ILO’s Social Security Department. He is sorely missed.

This report was prepared by a team supervised by Shahra Razavi, Director of the ILO Universal Social Protection Department, and Christina Behrendt, Head of the Social Policy Unit at the Department. The work of data collection was supervised by Helmut Schwarzer, Head of the Public Finance, Actuarial and Statistics Unit.

The report was co-coordinated by Christina Behrendt and Ian Orton.

The coordination and compilation of data was performed by Valeria Nesterenko, Zhiming Yu, André Costa Santos and Isabella Kopp with support from (in alphabetical order) Luisa Carmona Llano, Moustapha Diouf, Luiza Valle, Olena Vazhynska and external consultants Pilar Cariño, Clara Torma and Sergio Velarde.

Data collection and analysis on social protection expenditure was coordinated by Umberto Cattaneo and Andrea Visentin with support from external consultants (in alphabetical order) Siddhant Marur and Gabriela Pedetti.

The core ILO drafting team by chapter (in alphabetical order) is as follows:

Chapter 1: Christina Behrendt, Jana Bischler and Ian Orton.

Chapter 2: Jana Bischler, Ian Orton, Clara van Panhuys, Céline Peyron Bista, Krithi Dakshina Ramaswamy, Tze Qi Chong and Lou Tessier.

Chapter 3: Christina Behrendt, Jana Bischler, Umberto Cattaneo, Ian Orton, Valeria Nesterenko and Shahra Razavi.

Chapter 4 section leads: Ian Orton (4.1 Social protection for children and families); Christina Behrendt (4.2.1 Introduction: Making income security a reality); Veronika Wodsak and Umberto Cattaneo with support from Krithi Dakshina Ramaswamy (4.2.2 Maternity protection, paternity and parental leave benefits); Lou Tessier (4.2.3 Sickness benefits); Hiroshi Yamabana (4.2.4 Employment injury protection); Veronika Wodsak and Yuta Momose (4.2.5 Disability benefits); Céline Peyron Bista (4.2.6 Unemployment protection); Martin Blumhart and André Picard with support from Christina Behrendt, Valeria Nesterenko, Ian Orton and Helmut Schwarzer (4.3 Social protection for older women and men); Lou Tessier with support from Yesle Kim (4.4 Social health protection).

Section 4.1 was composed with UNICEF. It was co-authored by Ian Orton (ILO) and Dominic Richardson (Learning for Well-Being Institute) and with substantial inputs from UNICEF colleagues (alphabetically): Charlotte Bilo, Pamela Dale, Solrun Engilbertsdottir, Celine Julia Felix, Diana Rose King, Lauren Whitehead and Jennifer Yablonski. Important inputs were also provided by Andres Chamba and Azinwi Nkwah from the World Food Programme (WFP).

Chapter 5: Christina Behrendt, Umberto Cattaneo, Ian Orton, Shahra Razavi and Lou Tessier.

Karuna Pal, Head of the Programming, Partnerships and Knowledge-Sharing Unit, coordinated the editing, translation, production, publication and dissemination of this report, together with Meriem Allek, Ana Carolina De Lima Vieira, Victoria Giroud-Castiella and Krithi Dakshina Ramaswamy.

Contributions and comments to the report were received from colleagues in ILO headquarters and field offices (in alphabetical order): Pascal Annycke, Joana Borges Henriques, James Canonge, Paloma Carrillo, Jae-Hee Chang, Rosina Gammarano, Roger Gomis, Moustapha Kamal Gueye, Marek Harsdorff, Steven Kapsos, Samia Kazi-Aoul, Ursula Kulke, Sofie Lambert, Pedro Moreno da Fonseca, Sven Nef, Luca Pellerano, Yves Perardel, Camilla Roman, Valérie Schmitt, Benjamin Smith, Maya Stern Plaza, Nanya Sudhir, Paul Tacon, Andrea Visentin and Kieran Walsh.

We would like to express our gratitude to two anonymous peer reviewers and other United Nations and development partner colleagues who provided inputs or comments on the report: Laura Alfers (WIEGO), Stéphane Corriveau (Alphafixe Capital), Cecilia Costella (University of Twente), Katja Hujo (UNRISD), Florian Juergens-Grant (WIEGO), Kumaran Murugesan (WFP), Simon Senecal (Alphafixe Capital) and David Stewart.

We would also like to express our gratitude to Sarah Lloyd for editing the report and Luis Sundkvist for proofreading. Sincere thanks are also due to our colleagues in the ILO Publications Production Unit for assisting with the production process, and our colleagues in the ILO Department of Communication and Public Information for their continued collaboration and support in organizing and disseminating the report.