ILO

Lessons learned

• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation The hosting of the World Cup had several effects on the project, sometimes pulling effects in different directions. On the one side it raised expectations for accelerated reforms and project outcomes, increasing the visibility on the labour sector and gaps in Qatar. On the other side it created competing priorities and additional work challenging the absorption capacity of the project team and national partners. The ILO engaged in a coordinated corporate communication process, aligning data and messages and assembling communication specialists at the global, regional and national levels throughout the event. The ILO Doha Office for example received and handled more than 130 media requests around the period of the World Cup, committing significant amount of time to raising awareness and sharing independent nuanced information with a perception of inertia and moderate benefits. Some of the communication tools were produced quite late in the process. There was limited proactive and periodic press or media briefings but more reactive presentations and meetings. However, coordinated efforts helped to mitigate potential reputational risks for the ILO and increasing knowledge and awareness about progress on labour rights in Qatar.
• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation The amplitude of the reforms initiated prior and during the first phase of the TCP implied a scope of change that was perceived as “societal” and cannot be implemented overnight. ILO needs to strengthen work on the implementation of the dismantling of the kafala.
• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation MOL has a large role to play in clarifying the new laws and approaches. The new structuring of the MOL departments require additional support related to communication and dissemination of information which would help MOL propagate information about labour mobility, fair recruitment, and other reform.
• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation The reach and impact of communication materials remain unclear. This is partially because of limited coordination with the Government about their communication objectives, the perceived challenges, etc. The joint distribution (rather than just on the ILO channels) of some of these educational and informative materials among workers and employers would have maximized awareness of the newly adopted legislation. The TCP did share all these materials with embassies, NGO partners and ILO offices in countries of origin. Additionally, enhanced technical cooperation with ILO offices in sending countries could have amplified the impact of communication products, particularly during pre-departure briefings that migrant workers receive.
• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation Emphasis on perspectives of employers’ organizations is imperative to ensure the adoption and implementation of the legislation reform measures and plans, and special attention should be given to the implications on the business community and wider economic context within the country. In doing so, the technical support and involvement of the ACTEMP is essential to encourage the engagement of QCCI.
• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation The TCP did not open a dedicated window to promoting and achieving gender equality. Increased attention to the gender dimension of the labour reforms and the extent to which they reach women requires dedicated analysis. Addressing gender gaps calls for designing specific interventions and for dedicating adequate project resources and staffing, including to monitor their impact.
• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation The ability to follow-up on access to justice cases within the ILO office is limited due to downsizing as well as to the volume of the cases, making it challenging to ensure adequate management of cases. It is important to consider the value added of the direct legal assistance taking in consideration that it has been impossible to follow up each case until its final resolution. Except for some high profile (and usually collective) cases, the involvement of the ILO ends at the time of communicating MOL feedback to the concerned worker.
• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation Joint Committees within the employer enterprises play a role in addressing challenges faced by workers and improving their well-being, serving as a platform where both sides can discuss issues and propose solutions. Nevertheless, they remain company specific with limited sectoral and inter-sectoral engagements. To promote their role within social dialogue there needs to be sectoral and inter-sectoral joint committees that are able to address broader labour related issues beyond company specific concerns. Joint Committee members perceive sectoral and inter-sectoral networking as having the potential to create a multiplier effect and enrich the value of Joint Committees by enabling exchanges of good practices and lessons learned.
• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation The normative role and tripartite nature of the ILO should be promoted beyond the work of the TCP. There is an overlap between the role of the project office and the role of the ILO. The broader mandate of the ILO should be strengthened and clarified. Other government institutions and society must be aware that the ILO also provides technical advisory services related to the priorities of the national workforce and employers. This would improve the positioning of the ILO office in Qatar and enables a smoother engagement with employers and the private sector. This could also be extended to raising awareness about the SDGs in Qatar especially amongst government institutions, the private sectors, and society in general. There is a need to raise awareness, including about SDG 8 on decent work.
• Technical Cooperation Project for the State of Qatar – Phase 2 - Final evaluation In complex and challenging environments, a well-designed project must have a clear Theory of Change, logical framework, M&E plan and risk analysis. This will help to ensure that the project is coherent, aligned with the desired results, and resilient to unexpected challenges. This will ensure there are defined project activities that lead to the desired results at output and outcome levels that could be periodically assessed through SMART indicators.
• Towards an inclusive national social protection system and accelerating decent job opportunities for Syrians and vulnerable Jordanians - Midterm joint evaluation The lesson to be learned is that, for a project of this size, and with over 20 different stakeholders, clear lines of communication with tripartite constituents, in the form of project steering committees, should be established from the outset. This project is composed of three distinct outcomes, with separate objectives, resources, and staffing. The initial targets set were unable to be met in the designated timeframe, which resulted in the need for a no-cost extension, and revisions to the project scope. It is important to ensure that the project is delivered in a collaborative manner, which avoids siloes between ILO and UNICEF, or between staff working on different outcomes. The introduction of the Higher Coordination Committee, and the Madad Project Steering Committee has improved communication between Agencies, stakeholder, and staff, and this should be enhanced over the remainder of the programme. This opinion was expressed by project staff, stakeholders, and the donor, and validated through KIIs, and discussion in the staff workshop.
• Towards an inclusive national social protection system and accelerating decent job opportunities for Syrians and vulnerable Jordanians - Midterm joint evaluation The lesson to be learned is that, when working on projects which target the most economically or socially vulnerable members of society, a higher level of consideration for their financial, physical, and psychological limitations is required. Outcome Three targets some of the most economically vulnerable members of society - both Jordanians and Syrians - those receiving cash assistance and those on social welfare. Moreover, the project targets second tier potential earners in the family for Jordanians and specifically women, and includes a wider age range than most livelihood projects, thus further increasing vulnerability criteria of participants (or potential graduates). Many of those targeted for profiling also lack basic education levels, especially among Syrians. Among Jordanians, many of the younger potential graduates have higher education levels, especially in urban settings, making the targeted population a diverse and non-homogenous group that requires different approaches to job linkages. Among Syrians, the population has undergone significant trauma, which is another factor that needs to be considered. Given these levels of vulnerability, the lessons learned are: 1. Working with vulnerable members of society requires higher levels of consideration in terms of respect for financial, physical and psychological limitations. Asking people to come long distances to fill out a profile that they believe will lead to some financial benefit then disappearing for many months or even years adds unnecessarily to their vulnerability and stress. 1. Working with vulnerable segments of the population, often with limited education and who may suffer from stress and trauma related to poverty and conflict requires a level of communication and transparency that is nuanced and specific to their needs and abilities. The counselors did their best to communicate with graduates and are aware of the need to communicate clearly and effectively. However, the design of the project and delays within it, coupled with a lack of specifically relevant and effective communication tools that explain the project, and specifically the potential loss of welfare and cash assistance that may ensue, has made their jobs harder. A lack of clarity and attention to the specific needs of potential graduates can lead to a sense of alienation or lack of trust that has the potential hinder the project's progress.The targeted population has a range of abilities and needs (age, educational, gender-based, refugee status, urban vs. rural etc.) requiring a targeted approach when it comes to profiling approach and job identification and placement in the future. This was not taken sufficiently into account in project design. This finding was derived from desk review, KIIs, and FGDs with both programme participants and career counsellors, and validated through the staff workshop.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Final evaluation There is a need to ensure that country project reports tell a coherent performance story, share information about successes and are written in a style that is easy for outsiders to understand.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Final evaluation The ILO was ill-prepared for the frequency of reporting and the detailed data collection this entailed. This involved implementation partners collecting and reporting some data to the ILO for which they needed new procedures and capacity. Complex programmes like SfP might benefit in future from additional dedicated resources for the monitoring function to both collect the data and to develop the data collection capacity of implementation partners.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Final evaluation Extending communication networks to ensure all such stakeholders are engaged can open new opportunities and share good practices with a wider audience to multiply project impacts. Country level WhatsApp groups and online communities of practice could complement broader programme wide communication approaches that use conventional media.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Final evaluation Differences in accounting methods between the donor and the ILO created problems. A process is needed to ensure that these differences are identified and resolved at the planning stage.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Final evaluation The need to include in ILO risk management procedures situations where funding agreements specify an amount “up to” a specified amount.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Final evaluation Project managers should be alert to opportunities to involve constituents in project delivery – e.g., in Indonesia, workers representatives could have added value to work addressing sexual harassment and violence by sharing their experience and knowledge of these issues (including workplace issues and preventative practices) with students.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Final evaluation The change of administrative arrangements for international development in the UK that occurred early in the programme – i.e., the merger of DFID and FCO to create FCDO – led to a change in policy focus and a specific way of looking at value for money (e.g., numbers in training) that was at odds with the ILO’s mandate as a technical agency that focuses on constituent capacity building and systemic reform. Unless the ILO wants to change its focus and do more to directly support individual beneficiaries, it should think twice in future about implementing projects that prioritise this direct support.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Final evaluation Internal communication problems and relationship breakdowns need to be quickly identified and resolved.
• Evaluación Final Independiente del III Plan Nacional para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente en Argentina (2018-2022) 1. Es clave y determinante que el diseño del Plan cuente con una profundización del diagnóstico de contexto y datos actualizados de la problemática.
• Evaluación Final Independiente del III Plan Nacional para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente en Argentina (2018-2022) 2. La falta de un diseño basado en una Teoría de Cambio profunda y rigurosa es una barrera para la implementación efectiva del Plan así como para su sostenibilidad ante contextos adversos.
• Evaluación Final Independiente del III Plan Nacional para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente en Argentina (2018-2022) 3. La falta de mecanismos de Monitoreo, Evaluación y Aprendizaje amenaza la trazabilidad y sostenibilidad de la política pública en contextos de alta inestabilidad y cambio de gobierno.
• Evaluación Final Independiente del III Plan Nacional para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente en Argentina (2018-2022) 4. Dado el abordaje multisectorial y multicausal de la problemática de TI, es clave que el Plan contemple un rol con competencias, recursos y autonomía para apoyar la gestión, seguimiento y coordinación de todos los actores involucrados.
• Evaluación Final Independiente del III Plan Nacional para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente en Argentina (2018-2022) 5. El involucramiento temprano y activo de las COPRETI y otros organismos locales potencia la legitimidad del Plan, su efectividad en la implementación y la sostenibilidad de sus resultados.
• Strengthening Institutional Mechanisms for Migration Management in the Southern Africa Region - Midterm joint evaluation A complex multi-region, multi-country, and multi-stakeholders project such as SAMM, requires a wider implementation timeframe and project life cycle to ensure full engagement and buy-in of all relevant stakeholders and multiple constituencies, bearing in mind that the expected outcomes can only be achieved through negotiable and consultative processes.
• THE ILO-NORWAY PROGRAMME COOPERATION AGREEMENTS ON SKILLS DEVELOPMENT (2016-2023) The Malawi Work integrated learning approach (WIL) and the Zanzibar dual Apprenticeship interventions demonstrate that piloting small initiatives is not enough. What is required is a proof of concept to ensure sustainability. Exposure to dual apprenticeships and workplace-based learning solutions through knowledge and exchange, and tailor-made capacity building led to an enhanced understanding and commitment of constituents to combine workplace-based learning and centre-based VET and systematically move towards dualized and competency-based training (Apprenticeships in Zanzibar and WIL in Malawi). In Tanzania: A small budget was set aside to pilot apprenticeships. Partnerships were formed, curricula and training materials were adapted, and instructors were trained in the pedagogical approach. The feedback on effectiveness was overall positive and resulted in partners continuing the initiative in some form, even after funding ended. The government with the support from ILO started diversifying apprenticeships in Tanzania, by adding additional occupations/sectors and pre-apprenticeships to apprenticeships, and earmarking funds for the same. It also led to policy integration and adaptations. In Malawi: Similarly, the WIL approach was piloted with newly developed curricula and training capacities in agricultural colleges and farms and continued to be used in a broad way by training providers, including farms and with successful beneficiaries becoming trainers themselves. The government showed interest in mainstreaming WIL in all agricultural courses and other trades but has not yet done so. Nonetheless, the process of institutionalization and mainstreaming has been sluggish in both these cases, with constituents repeatedly seeking further engagement from the ILO to help translate concepts into practical and scalable implementation. Governments remain uncertain about how to operationalize these initiatives, and the necessary framework conditions to incentivize the private sector are not yet in place. Efforts are required to ensure that framework conditions are addressed (including aspects of policies, incentives and regulations) and private sector bodies and trade unions have the institutional capacity and willingness to take the approach forward. Champions in the government, in enterprises and training providers are crucial to take this initiative forward. It has been observed that these pilot initiatives need to be consolidated to be ‘fit’ for institutionalization. This requires a programme perspective which has a longer-term horizon and funding assured so that pilot activities become integrated approaches and are the basis for the government to operationalize and implement. The right framework conditions need to be generated, capacities of private sector associations developed, and incentives need to be put in place for the private sector to engage.
• THE ILO-NORWAY PROGRAMME COOPERATION AGREEMENTS ON SKILLS DEVELOPMENT (2016-2023) The effectiveness of NORAD’s contribution to achieve sustainability depends on the maturity level of a country’s governance and skills system. The ILO NORAD partnership has built ILO’s capacity to better adapt programme interventions to the current needs of participating countries and has allowed for timely and relevant responses, especially during challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic and political crises. However, the main challenges include maintaining focus and delivering sustainable results within short timeframes, especially in fragile countries. The evaluators acknowledge the benefits of the two-year funding approach to mobilise the right stakeholders, and build understanding and ownership for innovations. However, the effectiveness and potential sustainability depends on the country's context and the maturity of its VET system and governance to absorb these new innovations. In situations where the ILO lacks a presence, and where countries have weak VET governance and institutions, commitment to a longer programme and stronger team presence are required, which is critical for institutionalization. An assessment tool to better understand the strategic entry points and determine length and depth of engagement in a country can strengthen the planning of initiatives and the ILO’s position when negotiating with funding agencies.
• Access to justice in labour disputes through mediation and conciliation Making use of the credibility of the social partners to encourage enterprises to work with the project to help deliver Outcome 4. By visiting enterprises with a social partner, it opened up doors to cooperation that might otherwise not been possible. Companies were proposed by social partners (among their affiliated members) and selected by the PSC. They were contacted through the proposing social partner organisations. This helped social partners to have ownership of the project, increase the capacities of their members in the targeted enterprises.
• Strengthening the Resilience of Syrian Women and Girls and Host Communities in Türkiye - Final evaluation Even though strong implementing partner/s (ILO, UN Women and ASAM) having strong expertise in their fields ensure the successful implementation of the project and achievement of its objectives, defining and agreeing on roles and responsibilities between partners/stakeholders in the initial stages of the project is essential for enhancing the efficiency of the outcomes. The expectations and responsibilities of each stakeholder in the project needs to be laid out openly in this discussion, in order to make sure the next steps of the program can be implemented with ease and the learnings of this phase of the program can be used constructively in developing the partnership between organizations involved in the project.
• Strengthening the Resilience of Syrian Women and Girls and Host Communities in Türkiye - Final evaluation Revising the targeting of the training program will be important for enhancing effectiveness in coming interventions aiming facilitating women’ access into labor market designed by ILO. Early intervention and targeting of the program to younger women may create change in their perceptions and behaviour more easily than with older women who have established norms and behaviour in their daily lives. Targeting younger women with job prospects is also likely to enhance the project’s success in reaching its goals in terms of increasing the employability of women and improving their chances and opportunities in the labour market.
• Fortalecimiento delsistema de formación técnico profesional con elementos de pertinencia, calidad y equidad en el acceso y vinculado con las políticas de empleo y ... - evaluation final independiente El abordaje de derechos y deberes, desde la educación y el trabajo, sitúan a la OIT en un rol proactivo y no solo de controlador del cumplimiento de los derechos laborales. La sitúan además como una agencia estratégica en el abordaje del Desarrollo Sostenible, conforme al mandato de los ODS. El Modelo de ejecución tripartito basado en el trabajo con sus mandantes ha permitido alcanzar resultados que van más allá de los esperados por éste Proyecto y tienen que ver con elementos como la planificación estratégica de necesidades laborales de futuro (prospectiva), adecuación a las necesidades cambiantes del medio (cursos en línea y articulación oferta demanda de contenidos educativos) y atención a las necesidades de grupos de trabajadores no sindicalizados, quienes pertenecen sobre todo al sector informal (metodología de Mejora Continua). (C5, BP 1, R3)
• Fortalecimiento delsistema de formación técnico profesional con elementos de pertinencia, calidad y equidad en el acceso y vinculado con las políticas de empleo y ... - evaluation final independiente Es importante establecer un sistema de gestión del conocimiento. El trabajo de la OIT desde la FTP está despertanto expectativas y esperanzas en todos los actores participantes en este Proyecto y en general en los actores de la FTP, quienes por fin se sienten entendidos en sus necesidades y requerimientos para el trabajo en FTP. Corresponde no defraudar estas expectativas, institucionalizando y efectivizando el trabajo en el eje: trabajo-formación. Esta perspectiva permite también reforzar la imagen institucional de la OIT en el País.
• Fortalecimiento delsistema de formación técnico profesional con elementos de pertinencia, calidad y equidad en el acceso y vinculado con las políticas de empleo y ... - evaluation final independiente La FTP es un tipo de formación que combina a los actores del mundo educativo, productivo y laboral. Dada esta característica, el enfoque intersectorial propuesto en el proyecto fue el adecuado y constituye un elemento importante a tomarse en cuenta en el diseño de proyectos a futuro con el objetivo de mejorar la pertinencia de este tipo de educación.
• Fortalecimiento delsistema de formación técnico profesional con elementos de pertinencia, calidad y equidad en el acceso y vinculado con las políticas de empleo y ... - evaluation final independiente El BOL 113 ha mostrado la necesidad real de diseñar mecanismos de coordinación interagencial y en el caso de Bolivia involucrar al Coordinador Residente para coordinar acciones concurrentes, en conformidad con la visión holística de desarrollo de los ODS. Actuar bajo el paraguas del Coordinador Residente facilitaría las negociaciones al nivel de decisión requerido. En general no se puede esperar que instancias del Estado coordinen actividades, si es que Naciones Unidas no coordina entre agencias. Ésta es una lección que no atañe sólo a Bolivia, sino a todos los Proyectos intersectoriales e interagenciales. Para ello es importante medir y discutir la agenda concurrente basada en los ODS en forma previa.
• Change Management to achieve impact with insurance - Phase II - Final evaluation Very good insurance regulations, have a positive impact on the projects and specifically on implementation and uptake of micro insurance. Good and effective regulations leads to quick approvals for development, testing and launching of insurance products.
• Change Management to achieve impact with insurance - Phase II - Final evaluation The use of Digital and technological platforms enhance the quality, development and distributions of the products. Technology led to more clients enrolling in products such as the Riziki Cover using a USSD platform
• Change Management to achieve impact with insurance - Phase II - Final evaluation The project period was short taking around two years whereas on average, an insurance product can take more than three years to break-even.
• Tunisian Social Dialogue for Employment - Final evaluation Le projet a opéré dans un contexte difficile caractérisé par un climat politique instable et une grande crise économique et sociale d’une part et la situation sanitaire Covid-19 d’autre part. Toutefois, la résilience des intervenants a permis de surmonter les défis, et de ce fait, de gagner la confiance des partenaires, ce qui a contribué à garantissant la réalisation de la plupart des activités opérationnelles du projet.
• Tunisian Social Dialogue for Employment - Final evaluation L’importance des concertations en amont avec les différents partenaires nationaux autour des objectifs communs, des activités prioritaires à réaliser conjointement et de la nature de l’appui et de l’accompagnement attendu du BIT. L’implication des partenaires le long de tout le processus de la mise en œuvre du projet garantit l’efficacité et la réussite des actions à entreprendre.
• Tunisian Social Dialogue for Employment - Final evaluation On peut signaler en outre des leçons que la durée du projet initialement prévue pour 12 mois lors de sa conception (2020) avec 4 mois d’extension en raison des contraintes objectifs de promouvoir le dialogue social et le renforcement de la protection sociale par l’appui de la mise en place d’un système d’assurance emploi pour les salariés licenciés pour des raisons économiques ou techniques ou ceux qui ont perdu leur emploi pour des raisons indépendantes de leur volonté suite à la fermeture inopinée et définitive de l’entreprise. Un tel objectif requiert un changement de culture, difficile à obtenir en si peu de temps
• Myanmar COVID-19 Response: Livelihoods support to remittance dependent communities - Final evaluation An approach to programming that combines community consultation systems promoting equal opportunities for participation among beneficiaries with clear and detailed procedures, adequate technical and normative training and full transparency on finances can be effective in garnering the ownership and commitment of villagers.
• Myanmar COVID-19 Response: Livelihoods support to remittance dependent communities - Final evaluation It is possible for Ethnic Armed Organisations (EAO) to move beyond being rebel forces towards becoming administrations capable of decentralised service delivery and public revenue generation even in a context of political instability. By supporting them donors may be able to protect against a collapse of governance during a complex emergency.
• Myanmar COVID-19 Response: Livelihoods support to remittance dependent communities - Final evaluation Collaborating with Ethnic Armed Organisations (EAOs) is an effective way for a humanitarian/ development partners to access communities in hard to reach areas, cut off from Government support. Doing so does not need to imply that the development agency is aligned politically with the EAO.
• Myanmar COVID-19 Response: Livelihoods support to remittance dependent communities - Final evaluation TVET training is a useful entry point for development partners due to its increased importance in livelihood strategies in post 2021 Coup Myanmar with constraints on agricultural trade and increase in demand for local services due to constraints on movement between villages and town and across the country. TVET training programs should be of sufficient duration, quality and linked to an understanding of service demand locally, regionally and in ASEAN.
• Myanmar COVID-19 Response: Livelihoods support to remittance dependent communities - Final evaluation In Post-Coup 2021 Myanmar, CSOs have an important political role in spearheading advocacy for democratic principles and systems and a presence on the ground. Collaborating with them is one way development partners can meet their program goals. However, care must be taken to ensure Do No Harm/conflict sensitivity principles are adhered to, in light of the dangers to CSO staff of the Tatmadaw's campaign to undermine them.
• Programme conjoint d'appui à l'emploi, l'employabilité et l'insertion - Final evaluation L'approche d'intervention agrégative aux niveaux macro, méso et micro, avec des mécanismes décentralisés, favorise la construction d'un SFPI national cohérent et intégré..
• Programme conjoint d'appui à l'emploi, l'employabilité et l'insertion - Final evaluation Le suivi des bénéficiaires post-formation et/ou post-insertion sur le marché du travail est pertinent pour garantir l'efficacité des programmes liés à l'employabilité.
• Programme conjoint d'appui à l'emploi, l'employabilité et l'insertion - Final evaluation La centralisation de la gestion de programmes et de projets dans une seule unité de gestion autonome favorise leur mise en œuvre
• Better Work Global – Phase IV - Final cluster evaluation The Better Work Programme has worked and engaged with buyers throughout programme implementation. However, the Covid-19 pandemic showed that BW had limited leverage to convince buyers not to suspend their contracts with partner factories. There is a clear need to focus not only on factory compliance, but also on purchasing practices, accountability, and compliance with ILS by buyers and brands themselves.
• Better Work Global – Phase IV - Final cluster evaluation The absence of a clear sustainability and exit strategy has led to a disproportionate reliance of national stakeholders on Better Work to implement all factory services. As a result, there are no possibilities for Better Work to leave the countries where it is operating without undoing the progress made in recent years. Currently, national-level stakeholders are unable to take over, and/or replicate, the work of Better Work, even in countries where the programme has been active for decades.
• Better Work Global – Phase IV - Final cluster evaluation Until recently, the Better Work programme benefitted from both donor support, as well as membership fees of buyers and factories; this promoted financial sustainability. However, Better Work’s current financial model may not be sustainable enough to withstand changes in donor priorities (e.g. due to current crises), fluctuations in the global economic situation, and changes in programme activities (e.g. less factory activities so less cost-recovery); this may affect availability of funding, as well as the amount of funding needed in the future. Namely, the programme may lose income by shifting factory-level activities to stakeholders, while increasing capacity-building efforts. To finance these capacity-building activities, reliance on donor funding may increase.
• Decent Work in Jordan's Floriculture Sector - Final evaluation Increasing employability of persons with disabilities in the floriculture sector requires careful analysis of risks and hazards at the workplace, analysis of suitability of certain occupations for persons with disabilities with certain abilities and analysis of the accessibility of the work place
• Decent Work in Jordan's Floriculture Sector - Final evaluation Enhancing employability of persons with disability requires supporting the employers in enhancing the accessibility of the workplace, in training supervisors of persons with disabilities on possible risks and hazards for PwDs at the work place and in finding the operations which could be performed by PwDs at certain work place.
• Decent Work in Jordan's Floriculture Sector - Final evaluation Establishing WASH facilities for women at the farms increases willingness of women to invest more hours in work
• Decent Work in Jordan's Floriculture Sector - Final evaluation Women in Jordan do not mind working with men at the same work place, provided that they have gender-sensitive working environment.
• Towards a Holistic Approach to Labour Migration Governance and Labour Mobility in North Africa (THAMM) (in joint implementation with IOM) - Midterm joint evaluation Social dialogue processes are appreciated and considered very beneficial but in order to achieve better effectiveness they should be more structured and separate decision-making level and operational level. The setting up of sectoral sub-groups whose conclusions feed into the discussions at political level might produce more relevant results.
• Towards a Holistic Approach to Labour Migration Governance and Labour Mobility in North Africa (THAMM) (in joint implementation with IOM) - Midterm joint evaluation Projects aiming at policy changes need an appropriate timeframe to be implemented whereas the normal cycle of 3 years might not be enough to achieve the expected changes. Longer timeframes should be foreseen or less ambitious actions
• Towards a Holistic Approach to Labour Migration Governance and Labour Mobility in North Africa (THAMM) (in joint implementation with IOM) - Midterm joint evaluation Trainings and sensitizations should be foreseen on continuous basis, using different kinds of methodologies such as refresher trainings, workshops, roundtable discussions.
• Decent Work for Women in Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco – Phase III - Midterm evaluation There is a significant opportunity to develop a project that combines efforts towards creating a just green transition with a specific emphasis on promoting gender equality and female employment. However, it is crucial to clearly outline this integrated approach within a strong logical framework to prevent any confusion or fragmentation and to better showcase how change took place and to generate learning from the process.
• Decent Work for Women in Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco – Phase III - Midterm evaluation The inception phase is a critical stage in assessing the partner's needs and finalizing the project documents. However, the cost-benefit ratio of this phase should be rational to avoid harming efficiency and the incurring significant delays.
• Improving workers’ occupational safety and health in the chili pepper and tomato supply chains, with a focus in Jalisco – A Vision Zero Fund Project Another lesson learned is that there is a need to better communicate project results and strategies. Firstly, the evaluators noted that the project's technical progress reports are extensive but primarily descriptive, lacking critical analysis. As a result, they do not effectively showcase the project's achievements in terms of tangible results. Furthermore, it was observed that merely reading the project document, the technical progress reports and the project´s communication material does not suffice to fully grasp the project's orientation and strategy. The project exhibits some notable features, including a strong participatory approach, a focus on capacity building and skills transfer to project partners, and a commitment to generating ownership and sustainability of the project amongst key stakeholders. Despite these positive attributes, the project's implementation strategy, results, and orientation towards sustainability remain somewhat unclear. Moreover, the project partners do not necessarily understand the bigger picture of the project, beyond the activities in which they are directly involved.
• Improving workers’ occupational safety and health in the chili pepper and tomato supply chains, with a focus in Jalisco – A Vision Zero Fund Project In the course of this evaluation, it became evident that the process of selecting the project's target supply chains was not a mere technical exercise, but also institutionally and politically sensitive and time-consuming. The key takeaway from this experience is the paramountcy of engaging in a tripartite social dialogue process, which is informed by solid factual evidence about the supply chains as well as OSH deficiencies and opportunities. Such a process facilitates building trust among all stakeholders involved while securing their buy-in and ownership of the project. This collaborative approach ensures the alignment of the project with the evolving needs of the constituents and its adaptation to contextual challenges.
• Improving workers’ occupational safety and health in the chili pepper and tomato supply chains, with a focus in Jalisco – A Vision Zero Fund Project An important lesson learned is that implementing core project activities for USDOL-funded and VZF-implemented projects in the first year can be challenging due to extensive preparatory requirements. These requirements include developing a Comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation Plan (CMEP) and conducting VZF´s OSH drivers and constraints study. Although projects may begin implementation with an approved results framework and activity mapping, activities requiring baseline data collection must wait until indicators are developed and data collection instruments are approved. ILAB made several attempts to accelerate progress by requesting a specific/actionable activity mapping and results framework, with the understanding that changes might occur based on stakeholder feedback. However, specifics were only available near the conclusion of the OSH drivers and constraints study. The ILO and VZF project teams must streamline these preparatory processes to reduce delays and enable a timelier start to project activities. The ILO and VZF project teams must streamline these preparatory processes in order reduce delays and enable a timelier start to project activities..
• Improving workers’ occupational safety and health in the chili pepper and tomato supply chains, with a focus in Jalisco – A Vision Zero Fund Project Attention to the most vulnerable workers remains a significant challenge to the project. The project's current focus on large exporting companies restricts its scope, limiting its results and impacts on gender equity and inclusion. This leads to less attention for medium and small producer groups, which often employ the most vulnerable workers. This lesson emphasizes the need to refocus the project to ensure balanced support for different types of producers in the chili pepper and tomato value chains and to implement specific measures addressing the OSH related needs of the most vulnerable workers.
• TRIANGLE in ASEAN: Safe and Fair Labour Migration - Final Clustered Evaluation While ensuring there is not wastage in implementation agreements is positive, if the budget is too tight it can harm quality and end up reducing efficiency as a result.
• TRIANGLE in ASEAN: Safe and Fair Labour Migration - Final Clustered Evaluation Where budgetary restrictions in a regional programme limits national staffing, identifying programmes to share staffing positions with, at least mitigates some of the gaps caused by the shortfall.
• Building Partnerships on the Future of Work - Final evaluation Add-on projects such as this one allowed ILO to build on its achievements, especially on the methodology aspect, leading to the development of a new analysis tool. The methodology applied throughout the project is to build new and strengthen existing partnerships through new and innovative research and the distribution of its findings through capacity building and dialogue. Partner countries would be able to make policy decisions on recent findings. The fact that the implementing partners are the European Commission’s JRC and the ILO contributed to this Lesson Learned. For a lesson learned to be applicable, a few main components and considerations are necessary: the first is adaptability and flexibility to apply the lesson learned in diverse contexts and to be adaptable to evolving trends in the future of work; the second is to involve and take into account the perspectives of a tripartite range of stakeholders. Inclusive engagement ensures that proposed solutions are comprehensive and address the needs of all stakeholders. Finally, organisations should use projects as learning experiences.
• Productivity Ecosystems for Decent Work - Midterm evaluation Mainstreaming gender inclusion and non-discrimination. Choosing sectors for project interventions that already include women (and potentially other marginalised groups) is a way of mainstreaming gender inclusion and non-discrimination within the programme.
• Productivity Ecosystems for Decent Work - Midterm evaluation Strengthening Engagement and Embracing Social Dialogue. For effective capacity building and ownership, engaging stakeholders using existing communication channels in an open and inclusive conversations to gain diverse perspectives, build consensus, and co-create solutions. This will help ensure cross-institutional needs and priorities of all relevant parties are taken into account, fostering ownership, trust, and collaboration towards achieving programme goals.
• Productivity Ecosystems for Decent Work - Midterm evaluation Collaborative approach to designing interventions. The intervention design should be carried out in a collaborative manner, feeding from partners’ knowledge of the issues in the chosen sectors and the planned growth direction of the sectors as seen by its key stakeholders.
• Productivity Ecosystems for Decent Work - Midterm evaluation Ecosystem approaches . Adopting a more strategic and targeted ecosystem approach for interventions (and projects) is crucial. Future interventions should leverage more localised contexts, sector-specific partnerships, and resources to ensure more systematic and effective outcomes. A plan for strengthening and leveraging linkages, knowledge sharing, coordination, and cooperation amongst ecosystem actors and institutions is needed. This also requires dedicated resources (human and financial) and expertise.
• Productivity Ecosystems for Decent Work - Midterm evaluation Programme timeframe. ILO representatives have already articulated a disconnect between the programme’s short timeframe (4 years including inception phase) and the ambitions of the project to achieve systemic change—which is a long-term goal. The challenges of this timeframe have already been evidenced in the inception period, intended to last six months, but which ran over. In addition, ILO’s procedures (e.g. for recruiting and contracting) mean that some activities can be slow to start, when there is already little time for implementation.
• Productivity Ecosystems for Decent Work - Midterm evaluation Under resourced with respect to staffing. The team (programme and country teams) has experienced and is experiencing the effects of being understaffed: high workloads, requiring travel to widely dispersed locations; high turnover (which is also related to non-competitive levels of compensation), and a lack of in-house expertise to adequately address cross-cutting issues such as gender and environmental sustainability.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Final evaluation Communications and advocacy messaging that call for service provision to all women is an effective strategy to gain support for the inclusion of undocumented WMWs into policies and service provision. The SAF Programme effectively drew on international human rights standards that require the protection of all people regardless of their legal status when it supported the strengthening of government laws, policies, and service provision to WMWs. By focusing on the need to include all women regardless of their legal status, the programme was able to convince government partners to increase legal protections and access to services for irregular and undocumented WMWs. Drawing on international human rights standards and focusing on the inclusion of all women is an effective strategy to advance the rights of undocumented workers that could be applied to programming in other contexts.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Final evaluation To ensure a reasonable workload and to facilitate the sharing of partners, a joint programme the size and magnitude of the SAF Programme requires national staff members from both UN agencies to implement programming in each programming country. The SAF Programme demonstrated that the workload was overly demanding when there was only one NPC in a programming country representing both UN agencies. In particular, it was difficult for the NPC to learn the operating requirements of the other UN agency and to engage with partners from across both agencies. Having only one NPC to represent both UN agencies also made it more difficult for partners to understand how each agency was involved in the programme, thus limiting the potential to share partners and expand each agency’s partnership base through the joint programme.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Final evaluation Engaging stakeholders through ongoing consultative processes like the Safe and Fair Programme’s RPAC, NPACs, and CSO Reference Group throughout the course of programme implementation is helpful to promote stakeholder ownership and buy-in. However, flexible programming mechanisms must be in place to use stakeholder feedback to make improvements to the programme design and implementation approaches for these processes to be truly meaningful for stakeholders.The SAF and Fair Programme effectively used the RPAC, NPACs, and CSO Reference Group to keep stakeholders engaged in the programme throughout its implementation. However, this engagement would have been more meaningful to stakeholders and could have had a more positive impact on programming had the programme included more flexible programming mechanisms to use stakeholder feedback to make improvements to the programme design and implementation approaches.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Final evaluation Family members of women migrant workers (WMWs), community members, and local authorities require capacity support to understand the unique vulnerabilities facing WMWs and how to best support a WMW in need if they are to be effective first-responders and if the linkage between migrant worker communities and access to support services is to be strengthened. During its second half, the SAF Programme provided increased information to the families and communities of WMWs as well as local authorities on safe migration practices and how to help a WMW to receive support and services if she experiences exploitation or violence while working in a destination country. This was very useful and warrants future scale-up since it strengthened the capacities of families and communities of WMWs as first responders as well as the link between communities and access to services that can help a WMW when in need.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Final evaluation Development programming that promotes gender equality can achieve greater impact when it intentionally includes support to further integrate GE principles into the work of other UN entities who are executing similar programming. The SAF Programme could have achieved greater and more wide-spread impact had it dedicated more financial resources and staff time to intentionally integrate its information products and messaging into other UN programming working on safe labour migration in the region. This includes integrating information on the unique needs and priorities of WMWs, including access to VAW services, into the pre-departure orientation (PDO) sessions and post arrival orientation (PAO) sessions supported by other UN agencies, such as the IOM across the region.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Final evaluation Women migrant workers (WMWs) require support to continue working legally in destination countries or to re-migrate through regular channels when their employment contracts (and corresponding work visas) are about to expire. Without this support, they risk losing their legal status and becoming more vulnerable to exploitation and violence.There are significant opportunity costs, expenses, and inconvenience involved for WMWs to return to their countries of origin to re-migrate through regular channels once their employment contracts and work visas have come to an end. Because of this, many WMWs choose to stay working in the country of destination past the contract expiration date. This results in a loss of legal status which makes them more vulnerable to exploitation and violence. WMWs require support to save enough money to return to their country of origin to re-migrate through regular migration channels as well as advocacy on the part of the UN and its partners to make reapplications easier, faster, and less costly.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Final evaluation Development programmes need support from donors to adjust their design and results frameworks to more flexibility respond to the needs of rights holders when faced with large-scale crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. While the SAF Programme adjusted its programming approaches to respond to emerging needs of women migrant workers (WMWs) and challenges raised by the pandemic, its response was limited by a lack of flexibility to modify the programme design and results framework. The programme likely could have provided a more comprehensive response had new outputs or even outcomes been created to respond to a crisis of this magnitude. However, doing so would have required greater flexibility on the part of the programme donor.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Final evaluation Information sessions on safe labour migration practices in migrant worker communities are excellent opportunities to bring together community members, including women and men, to engage in dialogue on gender equality and social norms change, including intimate partner violence (IPV). In some migrant worker communities, the SAF Programme brought together both women and men to learn about safe labour migration practices and access to violence against women (VAW) services. Some of these sessions also touched upon social norms surrounding gender equality and VAW, including IPV. Interviews with women migrant workers (WMWs) suggest that these sessions positively contributed to notable decreases in IPV within the community. This indicates that community discussion forums can be an excellent entry point to improve social norms regarding gender equality and VAW.
• Decent work through skills and livelihoods training It is essential to have the participation of the Project implementing partners, especially those representing the ILO tripartite constituents, in planning activities and governance bodies from the initial phase of the project.
• Decent work through skills and livelihoods training The study and food grants have been fundamental in guaranteeing access and permanence for people in vulnerable situations in the Project's initiatives
• Decent work through skills and livelihoods training The perception of the Project's counterparts and the results it achieved point to the importance of representing people diverse in terms of gender in the management and teaching staff of the project's initiatives and in the implementing partners
• Decent work through skills and livelihoods training Building bridges and creating heterogeneous networks enhance joint actions, the use of comparative advantages and the scale of results, although they can also generate or intensify conflicts
• Decent work through skills and livelihoods training The sustainability of a project that offers, on a small scale, professional training services to a vulnerable public depends on the systematization and multiplier potential of the methodological models developed.
• Promoting Employment and Social Protection under the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework in Central America and Mexico Cuando se plantea una cooperación interagencial es necesarios prestar especial atención a la estructura de gobernanza, desarrollando espacios de coordinación, instrumentos de seguimiento y canales para la gestión de conocimiento y de recursos que sean viables de crear o utilizar durante la vida útil del Proyecto. La estructura de gobernanza del PC tomó sólo referencialmente en cuenta las diferentes modalidades de trabajo de ambas agencias, como la planificación anual vs multianual de recursos o la estructura de organización por país/región. (C5, C6, C11, C12, R2.)
• Promoting Employment and Social Protection under the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework in Central America and Mexico Es necesario reconocer el carácter estratégico de una intervención regional en el contexto de colaboración interagencial, orientando la realización de productos hacia el alcance de los resultados de impacto relacionados con escalar las lecciones aprendidas a los países integrantes del MIRPS. (C1, C8, C11, C16, R1, R2)
• Promoting Employment and Social Protection under the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework in Central America and Mexico Para poder capitalizar y sistematizar los resultados y logros de un proyecto ambicioso como el PC (3 países, 4 grupos objetivo, 2 agencias) es imprescindible contar con un sistema funcional de monitoreo y evaluación. (C6, C15, C16, R2, R3.)
• Promoting Employment and Social Protection under the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework in Central America and Mexico Es necesario tomar en cuenta las asignaciones de trabajo del equipo encargado de la gestión y evitar sobrecarga y concentración en algunos puestos. (C1, C6, C16, C21, R1, R3.)
• Promoting Employment and Social Protection under the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework in Central America and Mexico El fortalecimiento de las capacidades de refugiados, solicitantes de refugio, retornados y desplazados para acceder al (auto)empleo, muestran mejores resultados cuando se la enfoca desde una perspectiva integral, no solo limitada al manejo de presupuesto o conocimiento de productos financieros. (C7, C9, C18, R5.)
• Promoting Employment and Social Protection under the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework in Central America and Mexico Las acciones para facilitar el acceso al empleo de las personas refugiadas o solicitantes de refugio dependen de la continuidad y orientación de la política interna de las comunidades de acogida y por ello es necesario trabajar en su sostenibilidad fijándolas en acuerdos regionales. (C6, C16, C21, R3.)
• Promoting Employment and Social Protection under the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework in Central America and Mexico Es necesario visibilizar en enfoque de género con acciones precisas para los grupos de refugiadas, solicitantes de refugio, desplazadas y retornadas, ya que las mujeres son quienes están más expuestas, desarrollan cualquier actividad para sobrevivir y por tanto son más abiertas a cualquier iniciativa que les ayude a mejorar su situación mediante la formalización o mejora de sus emprendimientos. (C9, C20, C18.)
• Project to Strengthen agricultural opportunities through training and technological investment (PROFIT) The integrated implementation approach as a factor of overall satisfaction. The involvement of all local stakeholders concerned in the implementation of projects is crucial for its success and ownership, and therefore greater sustainability of the results. It is also a source of satisfaction. These actors are close to the daily realities of producers and have in-depth knowledge of their specific needs and challenges. Within the framework of PROFIT, the liaison role between producers and the project played by PLACAGA (mainly in insurance and financial credit activities) was important and made it possible to reach the most needy beneficiaries, who, accordingly, express their satisfaction with the implementation. In addition, the diversification of activities with additional components has allowed greater involvement and collaboration with town halls and BACs which are now more satisfied with the results of PROFIT.
• Project to Strengthen agricultural opportunities through training and technological investment (PROFIT) Proactivity in the communication chain, an essential element for success. Communication is an important element in the implementation of projects. In a situation of repeated crises like that in Haiti where stakeholders still do not have full control of their programming, proactive communication strategies help to better manage unforeseen events.
• FAIRWAY Program - Final evaluation Provision of two CTAs in both regions though simplifies delivery of results at the regional level but doesn’t allow for managing results at the inter-regional level
• FAIRWAY Program - Final evaluation The programme of such scale and ambitions should have provisioned gender analysis and gender strategy at the stage of programme inception
• FAIRWAY Program - Final evaluation The support of M&E consultant of high qualification was important to ensure coherent monitoring and reporting on programme results across country, regional and inter-regional levels
• Evaluación agrupada del Programa de Trabajo de la OIT en Paraguay 2018 - 2023 SOSTENIBILIDAD. ● Las reformas normativas deben contar con un consenso político amplio. A pedido de los mandantes, se han impulsado estudios técnicos y elaborado propuestas sobre la reforma del procedimiento inspectivo, el proyecto de Ley de Teletrabajo, el proyecto de Ley de Seguro de Desempleo; entre otros. No obstante, pese al interés explícito de los mandantes, los procesos se han quedado estancados por la falta de consenso político; o, en algunos casos, se han quedado como normas de difícil aplicación, debido a la falta de asignación presupuestaria y de definición de mecanismos de gobernanza para su implementación efectiva. ● La retirada imprevista del apoyo a la Ley de Seguro de Desempleo por parte de la Unión Industrial Paraguaya indica que es necesario consolidar el consenso tripartito.
• Evaluación agrupada del Programa de Trabajo de la OIT en Paraguay 2018 - 2023 DISEÑO y PROGRAMACIÓN. ● Programación operativa adaptada a la agenda política. Los ciclos electorales, las crisis provocadas por factores internos (por ejemplo, cambios de autoridades) o externos (por ejemplo, la COVID-19) influyen sobre el ritmo de la ejecución y, a veces, sobre la viabilidad de los procesos (resultados esperados, productos). ● Vinculación al marco programático (Outcomes, CPOs). Las intervenciones actúan, frecuente y necesariamente, con un enfoque integral y multinivel. Esto implica que los resultados puedan tener efectos en cascada en varios ámbitos del PTDP. La posibilidad de vincular el proyecto RBSA bajo hasta tres outcomes y hasta cuatro outputs, y la oportunidad de asociarlo con otras fuentes de financiación complementarias en el marco del CPO, permiten reportar de forma más completa los resultados logrados.
• Evaluación agrupada del Programa de Trabajo de la OIT en Paraguay 2018 - 2023 IMPLEMENTACIÓN. ● Enfoque multisectorial y multinivel para impulsar las reformas normativas. Las reformas normativas deben contar tanto con el consenso político como con la aprobación técnica de todas las instancias del Estado involucradas. El proyecto de Ley de Seguro de Desempleo se ha estancado debido a objeciones del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social y del Ministerio de Hacienda, que cuestionaron la viabilidad financiera. El Ministerio de Trabajo (MTESS) difícilmente puede liderar las reformas sin un consenso amplio y multisectorial. ● Priorizar la construcción de capacidades locales sobre la implicación de proveedores internacionales. La relación de la Dirección General de Empleo del MTESS con un proveedor internacional de servicios de job matching ha resultado poco fructífera y costosa.
• Enhanced Impact of Public Financial Management on National and Sub-national Employment Governance - Final evaluation The NLFS has provided data- that will serve as a critical point of reference for MDAs in the years ahead. With the processes going on with LMIS, NES, employment sensitive indictors for districts – having current data is a key facilitator of various other processes that were dependent on it to succeed.
• Enhanced Impact of Public Financial Management on National and Sub-national Employment Governance - Final evaluation Building a framework upon which Government can do more in the future is as important as generation of outputs in the present. With this approach Government will be able to make an extra step on the employment agenda and complete by filling the gaps in the employment governance framework that remain outstanding (mainly concluding the NES, LMIS, enhancing the role of UBOS, NDP IV planning and rolling out the National Labour-Intensive Public Works Programme)
• Enhanced Impact of Public Financial Management on National and Sub-national Employment Governance - Final evaluation Bringing together key actors right at the start of the project (especially social partners who were members of the NEC) made it easy to achieve ownership and right needs articulation making the project interventions relevant to the problem contextualization at a particular time.
• Improving Synergies between Social Protection and Public Finance Management - Final joint evaluation Governments are more open to working with UN Agencies than with private sector companies. This was based on higher levels of trust in working with UN agencies (e.g., sharing data) and a perception that UN agencies provided better value-for-money.
• Improving Synergies between Social Protection and Public Finance Management - Final joint evaluation Although gender was considered in the design and there was some evidence of gender-inclusion in the indicators and associated outputs, there were important missed opportunities to further integrate and mainstream gender equality/inclusion.
• Improving Synergies between Social Protection and Public Finance Management - Final joint evaluation There is a need to continue working on registration systems as there is still a high exclusion error from Social Protection programs since most rely upon formal registration e.g. citizenship, National ID or birth certificate to be eligible to enroll in SP programs.
• Improving Synergies between Social Protection and Public Finance Management - Final joint evaluation Expanding social protection (SP) into the informal sector is easier said than done. There are many barriers that need to be overcome. Most social protection schemes for the informal sector are based on those for the formal sector without taking into account the peculiarities of the informal sector.
• Improving Synergies between Social Protection and Public Finance Management - Final joint evaluation The effectiveness of SP&PFM was significantly enhanced by the involvement of the Global Coalition for Social Protection Floors (GCSPF) as an Implementing Partner. Evidence showed a clear added value of using a third party to work at grass-roots level to initiate a bottom-up approach to advocacy, giving a sense of ownership of the process to communities.
• Safety + Health for All Workers in Myanmar - Final evaluation Several preliminary lessons learned emerged in regard to progressing an OSH agenda in a context of conflict and fragile governance. These include (i) the ILO’s position as a normative agency can be a useful for retaining engagement when it is difficult and fraught for development partners to do so, (ii) the potentiality of partnering with education institutions, CSOs, the private sector and social enterprises to advance the OS agenda when partnering with the Government is not realistic (iii) workers and employers may show a tendency toward an enhanced interest in training for professional and personal development during periods of economic downturn and (iv) expectations must be kept low, given difficult conditions in the economy.
• Safety + Health for All Workers in Myanmar - Final evaluation The mental health of workers suffers in contexts of instability and conflict. Training programs aimed at supporting mental health at work can provide useful tools for coping and resilience skills among people in the context of an OSH agenda.
• Safety + Health for All Workers in Myanmar - Final evaluation In situations of conflict, violence and political instability there are certain principles that the need to be adhered to. Given the potential threat to individuals in the political context and the risk that programming brings to representatives of organisations, consideration of the do-no-harm principle must be paramount in programming. Also, careful consideration must be given to not being seen to be endorsing a regime not accepted by the local community, particularly when it has by no means gained full control of the country.
• Safety + Health for All Workers in Myanmar - Final evaluation Social media and awareness campaigns could be enhanced by focusing on targeting specific audiences that might be in a position to effect OSH such as employers
• Safety + Health for All Workers in Myanmar - Final evaluation When activities must be developed in a design-and-implement manner due to a change in direction after the design period, it’s important to ensure that all ILO offices are on the same page and are sufficiently agile to adapt activities from the beginning of the activity. There is a need to redefine “sustainability” and to have a complete buy-in thereof across all stakeholders of the project from the beginning and on this basis adopt a common approach across project stakeholders. With the new definition of sustainability understood, the new approach would need to be displayed for common understanding that in crisis the thinking on approaches is not orthodox, but needs adjustment. Communication on the new approach is therefore necessary.
• Towards a Holistic Approach to Labour Migration Governance and Labour Mobility in North Africa (THAMM) (in joint implementation with IOM) - Final evaluation Difficult coordination with/between multiple implementing partners It was embedded in the programme idea and design, based on the inter-agency cooperation
• EU Support to Local Employment Partnerships - Phase II (LEP II) - Midterm evaluation Existing monitoring data of LEP II project skills development interventions (vocational training and entrepreneurship programmes) mostly focus on the outputs, i.e. the number of hard-to-employ trained, secured employment, number of young entrepreneurs supported and number of starts-up registered. The percentage of participants in skills development activities who were able to sustain employment and sustained their businesses is assessed in some cases.
• Advancing Workers’ Rights in the Palm Oil Sector in Indonesia and Malaysia Projects that work in sectors that traditionally have had a lack of cooperation between employers and workers should be of a sufficient length to ensure progress can be made, particularly where policy changes are one of the main goals.
• Independent Final Cluster Evaluation of RBSA-funded outcomes in Moldova: MDA104, MDA130 The concomitant implementation of the two RBSA interventions has allowed to create a synergy that opens to new policy and programmatic possibilities. At the operational level, this simultaneous implementation has created opportunities to include a green transition dimension to a few businesses supported by the Local Economic Partnership (LEP). There are probably opportunities to mainstream more systematically the green transition to all future jobs and small businesses supported by LEP. At the policy level, it also means the Just Green Transition could also be integrated to the National Employment Strategy (NES), in a way similar to the gender transformative character of the existing NES.
• Independent Final Cluster Evaluation of RBSA-funded outcomes in Moldova: MDA104, MDA130 The involvement of the Association of Business Consultant is a crucial element and necessary to take supported businesses to a higher level. The reluctance of small business to formalise and to organise in cooperative is still present and involves a change of culture that can hardly be achieved without external support and incentives. The characteristics of the rural economy in Moldova, constituted of small individual businesses for a large part, means the business are isolated the more it is exposed to shocks. Organised professional sectors and cooperatives are the most effective protection against those shocks. By supporting professional associations (beekeepers…), and the formalisation of businesses, LEP has achieved a first step in this direction.
• Independent Final Cluster Evaluation of RBSA-funded outcomes in Moldova: MDA104, MDA130 The learning from both RBSA projects results is that it shows that LEP can potentially increase its impact in terms of job creation and wider economic development if the support is economic sector-focused. The evaluation understands small businesses, from specific sectors, have been successful in stabilising after receiving support from LEP or the Green Economy project (even though the period of existence of business supported by this project is short given this project started late). The LEP project support to organise targeted economic sectors such as beekeepers or handicraft’s sector has been a learning experience underlining the vulnerability and risks inherent to business isolation (fierce competition of low quality, low prices products, certification to access markets, cooperative and associations to ensure a higher production, investments in technical knowledge, digital marketing & promotion, training, equipment only accessible if resources are mutualised, access to funding opportunities.) Additional, small businesses managing to stabilise seem be unable to thrive further, due to either the lack of access to finance, equipment, additional technical or marketing skills. The lesson learned from this observation is that the benefits of LEP can be multiplied and take a greater, more impactful dimension if small businesses belonging to the same professional area can be supported from a sector perspective, so each sector benefits from the strategic vision and strategy. A professional sector approach is also likely to increase the stability, and expansion to small businesses. Hence, a sector approach goes hand-in-hand with a small business consolidation approach.
• Independent Final Cluster Evaluation of RBSA-funded outcomes in Moldova: MDA104, MDA130 The LEP project support to specific sectors calls to provide support in organising the management, structure and economy of strategic sectors. The testimonies from beekeepers’ economy stakeholders, complemented by other territorial stakeholders and ACAM is clearly pointing towards to the relevance of applying an economic sector support perspective. In a complementary manner, both projects have been contributing to developing area-based job creation and economic, institutional development systems. This evaluation’s findings echo with the evaluator’s previous observations in a previous evaluation of ILO LEP project phase 1 in Bosnia: A system that would only allow the creation of a jobs scattered on the basis and location of unemployed needs alone is likely to produce positive results but at low scale only. Quantitative results are a must to effectively and positively impact on the job creation and labour market development. To the evaluation, the” critical mass” expected effect requires three concrete measures: 1. Economic Sector Development orientation, 2. Prioritization and substantial increase of State resource allocation in order to reach the critical mass effect, 3. The mainstreaming of the Green Economy dimension, as it is not only a policy priority but also a key aspect to the development of one of Moldova’s strategic sector: (Green) agriculture, food production and food processing.
• Independent Final Cluster Evaluation of RBSA-funded outcomes in Moldova: MDA104, MDA130 RBSA project need adequate human resource management support and that concretely means a full-time project manager and support staff. The context and events, including COID and the war in Ukraine, at the time of implementation were particularly challenges to implementation. Even though, this can be regarded as an exceptionally challenging situation, there are no simple context as these RBSA interventions touches upon complex issues related to the political sphere and political reforms. This means that implementation needs not only to be carefully monitored but that diplomacy, relation management and activities required a level of attention that only a full-time project management position can take care of. Regardless of the size of the budget, the complexity of RBSA projects (at least, based on the learning from evaluating two RBSA projects), having a fully dedicated project manager appears to be a standard requirement to manage BRSA projects.
• Independent Final Cluster Evaluation of RBSA-funded outcomes in Moldova: MDA104, MDA130 The Local Employment Partnership outreach activities lead to higher registration of NEET at local Employment Agency branches and thus this showed an increase in unemployment rate.This may appear as a negative impact if taking this statistic out of context while it actually is an encouraging change toward a more realistic picture of unemployment as well as a step towards NEET’s path to employment. In this context, it is relevant to note that considering the high unemployment rate alone can be misleading if not also having in mind that the inactivity rate is quite high in Moldova. Thus, the outreach activities supported by the LEP project to inactive NEETs is an opportunity to bring 'to light' these people which are not under the radar of any institution.
• Independent Final Cluster Evaluation of RBSA-funded outcomes in Moldova: MDA104, MDA130 The systematic Training of Trainers (TOT) certification and TOT training is a good practice to ensure capacity building within institutions continues after the project ends. Both projects have introduced skills essential to business solidity as it is addressing the very risks small start-up or expanding business are exposed to. Qualified and certified trainers are needed to support more businesses and the ability of institutions to “deliver” more trainers is important to ensuring sustainability in business development support services. The training capacity is especially required at the district level so that creating a formal network of certified trainers is expected to consolidate and maintain an updated capacity of trainers. The ToT capacity could be nested within ODA and/or Business Incubators owing to their coverage of districts. RECO: Develop and nest ToT capacity with ODA (support ODA with a specialist on greening business since ODA currently misses the capacity to deliver SYID Greening training.
• Independent Final Cluster Evaluation of RBSA-funded outcomes in Moldova: MDA104, MDA130 Underlining the link between job creation and migration prevention indicates the potential contribution of both projects to migration prevention. There is an obvious link between local job creation and (not only) circular migration since rural districts are the place of origin of many workers who have migrated and who send remittances as a main source of income to rural population (who are economically inactive), NEETS, and also considering that some of Business Incubators can provide Greening business trainings to Moldovan returnees.
• Job Creation and Entrepreneurship Opportunities for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Host Communities in Türkiye - Final evaluation  The project has various outputs serving for the same purpose, where grouping of some outputs can be project on its own.  Ensure inclusion of all migrant groups living in Türkiye during the implementation of project activities  Apply a gender lens to the design, implementation, and monitoring of livelihood projects.  Conduct a research study on chronic problems of vocational education
• Global Action Program (GAP) on child labour issues - Final evaluation Projects are more effective when project activities are aligned to a strategic framework on child labour and forced labour.
• Global Action Program (GAP) on child labour issues - Final evaluation Project interventions need to be customised to country needs and to the extent possible provide continuity to the previous work of ILO and/or other agencies working on issues of forced and child labour, in that country
• Global Action Program (GAP) on child labour issues - Final evaluation Country-wise interventions need to be concentrated, with a critical minimum number of activities, sufficient resources, and long-term staff in the country to maintain the relations with and engagement of key stakeholders as presence is important to have policy influence.
• Global Action Program (GAP) on child labour issues - Final evaluation Focus is needed on migrants since they are more vulnerable to forced labour.
• Global Action Program (GAP) on child labour issues - Final evaluation Monitoring and evaluation system & staff for policy projects need to be customized to project design
• Roads for Development - Clustered evaluation Clearer measurement of institutional capacity building efforts, including defining points where institutional autonomy is considered achieved, would assist project efficiency and effectiveness.
• Roads for Development - Clustered evaluation Constraints in the Program’s enabling environment – identified in multiple evaluations – need to be addressed and having the right balance of skills on the project team to support this is important. Development cooperation projects need support from all stakeholders with similar interests and facing similar obstacles.
• Roads for Development - Clustered evaluation The embedded model of institutional support can be an effective mode of delivery for this capacity building provided there are identified counterparts or units within the Ministry who will ultimately take the reins and there is a clear plan in place for handover.
• Roads for Development - Clustered evaluation Inter-ministerial cooperation and coordination is needed to ensure that there is clarity over roles, responsibilities and resources in public works projects, especially in an environment when decentralization is meant to be occurring. Political will needs to be cultivated at higher levels to ensure that planned coordination mechanisms are activated.
• Job creation for Syrian refugees and Jordanian host communities through green works and agricultural industry - Final evaluation The approval processes involved in working with ministries in Jordan take several months to be cleared before implementation can begin.
• Job creation for Syrian refugees and Jordanian host communities through green works and agricultural industry - Final evaluation By introducing a scoring matrix for applicants, the project was able to ensure a more transparent recruitment process and prioritise individuals most in need of support.
• Job creation for Syrian refugees and Jordanian host communities through green works and agricultural industry - Final evaluation Setting a target too low will lead to underperformance in driving gender equality. Even if the target is communicated as a minimum, as achieving the minimum is the path of least resistance.
• Support to the preparatory activities of the ILO to launch the Global Initiative on Decent Jobs for Youth - Final evaluation Operating under a UN system-wide mandate is not a sufficient condition to effectively increase coherence around a specific impact area. Additional mechanisms must be put in place to ensure long term ownership of the Initiative by all its partners and to aspire to achieve transformative changes at global level.
• Support to the preparatory activities of the ILO to launch the Global Initiative on Decent Jobs for Youth - Final evaluation In the cases of multi-stakeholder partnerships, having an established governance structure is an important precondition to ensure partners’ ownership, facilitate the mobilization of resources, and ensure the sustainability of the partnership.
• Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health Standards in the Construction Sector in Cambodia - Final evaluatio The functions of the existing National OSH Committee could be re-defined to include the coordination role on OSH law and policy development with a view to exploring synergies, avoiding duplication of efforts and resources, and identifying potential areas for collaboration and joint implementation between and among the members from the relevant ministries and institutions and the development partners.
• Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health Standards in the Construction Sector in Cambodia - Final evaluatio OSH standards applied by “big” construction companies may be a useful resource to help smaller construction companies to implement OSH standards. The existing OSH standards that have been successfully and effectively implemented by some big construction companies could be adopted/or tailored to meet the needs of the small construction companies that have limited resources or knowledge about OSH standards.
• Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health Standards in the Construction Sector in Cambodia - Final evaluatio Social partners should appoint technically informed representatives to tripartite bodies. To facilitate consensus building and in ensuring for the best outcomes of dialogue and consultation/or discussion, the members of the National OSH Committee should have relevant technical and at least practical knowledge and experience working in the field of OSH.
• ILO Action Plan for Gender Equality 2010-15 – Thematic evaluation ILO requires a simple framework for gender analysis
• Free Movement of Persons and Transhumance in the IGAD Region: Improving Opportunities for Regular Labour Mobility - Midterm Evaluation The free Movement of Persons and transhumance in the IGAD Region is part of one programme with two components, in this case an Action Fiche funded by the EU Trust Fund with the project implemented by the ILO as one component and the so-called IGAD-Component, i.e. the development of the Free Movement Protocol by the IGAD Member States, as the other. The ILO Component was not in sync with the IGAD Component partly also as a result of the delays in recruiting key project staff.
• Free Movement of Persons and Transhumance in the IGAD Region: Improving Opportunities for Regular Labour Mobility - Midterm Evaluation When recruitment of key staff gets delayed beyond 3 to 4 months after the official start of the programme make absolutely sure that there is sufficient and sustained managerial and technical support from the responsible ILO Country Office as well as from the ILO Regional Specialists in DWT’s and from staff in HQ in order to be able to manage the project well and provide sufficient support to the existing project staff. In addition, activities should be initiated by project or backstopping, for example, an Evaluability Assessment should be conducted within the first 6 months of a project.
• Free Movement of Persons and Transhumance in the IGAD Region: Improving Opportunities for Regular Labour Mobility - Final Evaluation More staff are needed for projects of similar size and complexity. The Project has proven to be efficient, but both ILO staff and stakeholders noted that the Project was too large in size compared to the staff members assigned to it, both at the regional and national levels.
• Free Movement of Persons and Transhumance in the IGAD Region: Improving Opportunities for Regular Labour Mobility - Final Evaluation To improve coherency in the future, ILO and IOM officials need to have a clear delineation of roles regarding labour migration. Otherwise, they will continue to act inefficiently and undermine the one-UN principle. Interviewees noted that collaboration with IOM was not optimal, except in the case of the statistics working groups. Lessons should be drawn from such multi-partner working groups on how to improve coordination with IOM.
• Free Movement of Persons and Transhumance in the IGAD Region: Improving Opportunities for Regular Labour Mobility - Final Evaluation Representation of ILO in Djibouti (near IGAD HQ) is a vital factor influencing cooperation between ILO and IGAD. The alignment and collaboration between ILO and IGAD significantly improved when the ILO Project team relocated to Djibouti mid-way through the Project.
• Zimbabwe Youth and women empowerment project (YWEP) - Final evaluation For wider value chain benefits to be realised through the “trickle down” effect, the AE must operate at optimum capacity for at least 12 months before it can begin to sustain itself. To achieve this, working capital for: 1) marketing and product development; 2) purchase of raw materials and 3) salaries and other administrative costs for the start is required. Ideally, working capital to sustain operations of a budding AE may be required for a minimum of 12 months. Adequate capacity building of community members to manage AEs is critical, and it was provided. However, such training may only be effective when the persons being trained have a certain level of literacy to be able to cope with, comprehend and apply knowledge adequately and this level of literacy may not be available amongst those selected to be owners and Directors. At the district level, relevant officials from Government departments and rural district councils tasked with the responsibility of overseeing the operations of AEs are not entrepreneurs themselves and may need further training on entrepreneurship and business management to enhance their capacity to oversee the operations of AEs. To achieve sustainable supply chains, AEs should go beyond the cooperative members and partner with extension and other support services for producers. Other strategic partnerships can include micro-financing institutions, Employers Confederations of Zimbabwe (EMCOZ) who can organize businesses to support AEs and Trade Unions who can offer training benefits to producers such as training on negotiations, Occupational Safety and Health thereby also helping to expand their membership.
• Zimbabwe Youth and women empowerment project (YWEP) - Final evaluation Enterprise development projects that involve establishing an Anchor Enterprise (AE) require adaptations in management and decision-making arrangements in times of crises to avoid losses and failure of the enterprise. This is more important when governance and decision-making structures involve multiple stakeholders.
• Improvement of Water Supply Equipment Management Capacity for the Establishment of Peace in Mindanao - Final evaluation Completed guidelines, tools and manuals coupled with training and technical support are critical to promote sustainability and ownership. Without formalised documents, it is difficult for government entities to maintain support. Training, engagement, and consultation are important components but the guidelines, tools and standards that underpin them are also important, particularly in having these formally adopted and applied. The formalisation and institutionalisation of these documents demonstrates commitment by government to support and engage for the longer term.
• Improvement of Water Supply Equipment Management Capacity for the Establishment of Peace in Mindanao - Final evaluation Barangay/community leadership is critical for long-term sustainability. A “leading by example” approach has worked as it enables for the formation of trust and buy-in of community representatives and worked. LGU support as well and LGU commitment to maintenance and financing is also crucial for sustainability. Similar to the lesson above, local leadership structures are vitally important as a means to coordinate beneficiaries and provide useful oversight and management. Without the active engagement of local and community leaders, it is difficult to see infrastructure lasting for the longer-term, LGUs are an importance interface between communities and BARRM ministries (MOLE).
• Improvement of Water Supply Equipment Management Capacity for the Establishment of Peace in Mindanao - Final evaluation Projects operating in complex environments require a significant amount of time and investment to build awareness, seeks engagement and ultimately promote ownership. There is also scope as part of community engagement to address existing issues that underpin social tension. While this is ultimately a community responsibility, projects should seek to reduce elements of tension and promote peaceful engagement and support. As indicated in the good practices section, there is Significant benefit in investing considerable time upfront to work with communities to explain project interventions, discuss management responsibilities and plan and consult on context specific approaches to deliver products. It is also important that infrastructure does not create or exacerbate existing social tension.
• Improvement of Water Supply Equipment Management Capacity for the Establishment of Peace in Mindanao - Final evaluation For O&M to be sustainable, there is a need for on-going technical support to document and institutionalise support within LGUs. Communities cannot be expected to maintain infrastructure into the long-term and require government intervention and support. This is a government responsibility Lack of such services results in increased inequalities which is a common source of civil unrest. Community engagement is important but for it to be sustained there needs to be buy-in and support from government stakeholders and counterparts. This is of particularly importance in terms of the provision of funding and technical support to complement the funds raised through community contributions. It also links to the importance of having manuals, tools and guidelines institutionalised within government structures so that they are formally utilised and applied.
• Improvement of Water Supply Equipment Management Capacity for the Establishment of Peace in Mindanao - Final evaluation In building the capacity and supporting IPs and community contractors/CBO’s it is important to consider the absorptive capacity of these, particularly as they relate to project and financial management. A structured approach to training and capacity development is required over an extended period to allow time for adoption, application, and learning. Capacity building, training and institutional support are important. However, often overlooked is the ability (and willingness) of beneficiaries and target groups to be able to absorb and utilise the information and knowledge. EIIP projects tend to have a lot of training and capacity building elements which are all important, but time is required to detail these, and, in some cases, it takes time away from other important implementation arrangements.
• Improvement of Water Supply Equipment Management Capacity for the Establishment of Peace in Mindanao - Final evaluation Locally engaged staff who are familiar with the context and have local knowledge and experience are essential when dealing with communities and government. Externally engaged staff would not be as effective. As discussed in good practices section, the use of a locally engaged team has had significant benefits in the context of implementation. The key lesson is that where possible, project implementation teams should have a majority of staff and consultants who are from the regions where they live and work.
• Improving Labour Market Integration of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Türkiye - Midterm evaluation Design and Effectiveness: Complementarity and Synergy created among different projects implemented by ILO under its Programme of Support ILO has put specific emphasis on ensuring complementarities and synergies among the projects at their design and implementation phases, to avoid overlapping fields of interventions while addressing the prevailing needs of the target groups. Accordingly, the project has been designed to complement at least three projects (the MADAD project, the UN Women project funded by the EU and the Non-Syrian Refugee project funded by PRM), which demonstrated complementarity and synergies through joint efforts of co-sharing the activities in delivering the outputs and also sharing of the costs, thus improving cost effectiveness of both projects.
• Improving Labour Market Integration of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Türkiye - Midterm evaluation Effectiveness: Benefiting from the international expertise and experience of ILO, particularly through transfer of knowledge by ITC-ILO, to improve effectiveness The project benefits from the ITC-ILO on specific topics in developing the capacity of the public, private and social partners, as well as the project consultants and the Project Team members, which significantly increases the quality of the outputs, thus contributes to effectiveness.
• Improving Labour Market Integration of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Türkiye - Midterm evaluation Effectiveness and Sustainability: Benefits of outstanding partnerships with public, private and social partners ILO has realized close collaboration with different partners to support the institutionalisation and scaling up of the outputs under the project at different locations. The project strongly contributes to strengthening the relevant public institutions for a well-functioning of decent work mechanisms even after the completion of the project. The Project Team has established strong communication and coordination channels with governmental institutions (MoFLSS DGILF, GLIB, SSI, İŞKUR, Justice Academy and others), tripartite constituents, development agencies, municipalities, universities, private sector representatives (Chambers, ESOBs, unions and sectoral representatives) and private companies, in building capacities and scaling up, which contribute significantly to improving effectiveness. In fact, protocols signed has strengthened the relations in a structured way.
• Improving Labour Market Integration of Syrian Refugees and Host Communities in Türkiye - Midterm evaluation Project Design/Relevance and Sustainability: Designing the project in follow-up phases
  Designing the project in follow-up phases contributes strongly to comprehensive programmes such as under ILO’s Programme of Support for the Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Turkey, aiming to strengthen the labour market and business development environment through the stimulation of decent work opportunities, inclusive socio-economic growth and the reinforcement of governance systems and structures. Follow-up projects ensure sustaining the outputs and results given the significant need with reference to the high numbers of Syrian refugees living in Turkey and those at working age who are mostly engaged in the informal market.
  The PRM Syria project third phase has started right after the completion of the former two phases projects funded by the same donor, to build on and continue with the activities aiming to improve labour market integration of Syrian refugees and host communities in Turkey.
  
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de los proyectos de apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil La dificultad de los Puntos Focales para reconocer otros productos que no sean el MIRTI indica la necesidad de evidenciar el valor de una gama más amplia de enfoques y herramientas en la erradicación del trabajo infantil. Esta lección destaca la necesidad de reconocer y dar más importancia a diversos enfoques en la lucha contra el trabajo infantil, en lugar de centrarse mayoritariamente en el MIRTI. Subraya la necesidad de políticas públicas que aborden de manera integral esta problemática.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de los proyectos de apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil Es esencial considerar un cambio en el esquema de alternancia en la conducción de la ST para promover una mayor autonomía en la gestión de la Iniciativa Regional. El papel desempeñado por la Secretaría Técnica es fundamental para coordinar y articular las acciones de los puntos focales, sin embargo, la falta de progreso en los resultados de los proyectos puede atribuirse, en parte, a la dependencia continua por parte de la IR de la OIT en lugar de consolidarse como una red más autónoma. Es esencial considerar un cambio en el esquema de conducción de la ST para promover una mayor autonomía y liderazgo por parte de los Puntos Focales en atención a que es la Red de Puntos Focales de la Iniciativa Regional la instancia de dirección ejecutiva de carácter tripartito, con representación de gobiernos y de las organizaciones de empleadores y de trabajadores de la región.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de los proyectos de apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil La IR refleja la disparidad en la participación de los países en el esquema tripartito y regional, evidenciando diferencias entre aquellos más avanzados en PETI y los menos avanzados, así como su relación con el nivel de implementación del MIRTI, lo que se traduce en una estructuración de la agenda alrededor de los puntos focales más activos. A través del análisis de las reuniones mensuales y anuales de la Iniciativa Regional, se ha observado una desigualdad en la participación de los países. Esta disparidad refleja diferencias entre los países más avanzados y menos avanzados en la implementación del PETI, así como su relación con el nivel de implementación del MIRTI. A pesar de los esfuerzos por superar las barreras del idioma con traducción simultánea, la complejidad de la diversidad lingüística y las limitaciones de recursos han obstaculizado la integración plena y la participación equitativa de todos los actores. Se observa que una alta tasa de representatividad no garantiza un alto número de intervenciones. Numerosos países, principalmente del Caribe y algunos de América del Sur como Brasil, Paraguay o Bolivia, tuvieron una representatividad alta en las reuniones mensuales, pero no un gran número de intervenciones. Los países no hispanohablantes asisten, pero intervienen significativamente menos. Concentrados mayormente en el Caribe, registran una participación menor en las intervenciones, a pesar de asistir a las reuniones. Se observa un protagonismo marcado de algunos puntos focales, como en el caso de Perú, donde un punto focal tuvo una participación notable, lo que puede influir en la distribución desigual de intervenciones entre los países. Se han evidenciado intentos de superar las barreras idiomáticas, con casos donde los países no hispanohablantes buscaron un vocero que hablara en representación de todos, lo que sugiere una conciencia sobre las dificultades lingüísticas y una iniciativa por abordarlas.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de los proyectos de apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil La sostenibilidad de la Iniciativa Regional es fundamental para el éxito en la prevención y erradicación del trabajo infantil. La sostenibilidad de la Iniciativa Regional, y sus proyectos, es esencial para garantizar resultados duraderos en la lucha contra el trabajo infantil. La colaboración estratégica con actores clave del Sistema de Naciones Unidas y la Alianza 8.7 es un componente crucial para avanzar hacia este objetivo.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de los proyectos de apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil Aunque se ha promovido un enfoque inclusivo y de género en los proyectos, aún hay margen para fortalecer estas estrategias, especialmente mediante la implementación de protocolos y acciones específicas para reducir las disparidades entre niños, niñas y adolescentes. Además, se observa la necesidad de integrar consideraciones medioambientales en las iniciativas. La estrategia de género adoptada por los proyectos promueve un enfoque inclusivo, eliminando estereotipos de género. Asimismo, en el plan de trabajo del PAIRE VII se encuentra que en el resultado 2 “Los países fortalecen sus estrategias de protección y/o reconversión laboral para adolescentes en edad permitida para el trabajo” donde establecen en el producto 2.1 y en la actividad 2.1.1 una mirada con enfoque de género. Sin embargo, existe margen para profundizar y fortalecer aún más esta estrategia, por ejemplo, mediante la implementación de protocolos e incorporando acciones específicas dirigidas a reducir las disparidades entre niños, niñas y adolescentes. Se observa que hasta la fecha, los proyectos de apoyo a la IR no han presentado propuestas concretas para incluir consideraciones medioambientales.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de los proyectos de apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil La plataforma Monitora 8.7 representa un avance en la gestión de datos y accesibilidad de la información relacionada con el trabajo infantil, sin embargo, persisten desafíos en su implementación y utilización efectiva. Al ser una plataforma con mucho potencial, mejorar su implementación permitiría contar con información de mejor calidad para realizar el seguimiento de los avances en los países miembro de la IR. Monitora 8.7 ha marcado un hito en la gestión de datos sobre trabajo infantil al mejorar la accesibilidad a la información relevante. Sin embargo, persisten desafíos en la comprensión y dominio de la plataforma por parte de los usuarios, así como en la integración de datos de proyectos financiados por varios donantes.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de los proyectos de apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil Los cambios en el liderazgo de gobiernos y autoridades regionales pueden generar inestabilidad y desafíos en la implementación de proyectos, ya que las nuevas administraciones pueden tener diferentes prioridades. Esto enfatiza la importancia de institucionalizar el PETI y mantener así un enfoque a largo plazo en la lucha contra el trabajo infantil. Se resalta que los cambios en el liderazgo de gobiernos y autoridades regionales pueden generar inestabilidad y desafíos en la implementación de proyectos relacionados con la lucha contra el trabajo infantil. Esto se debe a que las nuevas administraciones pueden tener prioridades y enfoques diferentes a los de las administraciones anteriores. Sin embargo, también se destaca que mantener un enfoque a largo plazo en la lucha contra el trabajo infantil y asegurar la participación y compromiso de las nuevas administraciones en la continuidad de los proyectos existentes es fundamental para superar estos desafíos.Se enfoca en la necesidad de anticipar y abordar los cambios en el liderazgo gubernamental y regional para garantizar la continuidad y el éxito de las iniciativas.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de los proyectos de apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil La falta de diferenciación entre la Teoría del Cambio de la Iniciativa Regional, el Plan Estratégico y los proyectos individuales dificulta la evaluación precisa de la contribución específica de cada proyecto a los objetivos de largo plazo. Existe una necesidad de revisar el diseño de los proyectos para asegurar una clara diferenciación entre la Teoría del Cambio de la Iniciativa Regional, el Plan Estratégico y los proyectos individuales.
• Partnership in Action to End Child Trafficking in Peru - Midterm evaluation Adaptación frente al Covid-19: Al desencadenarse la pandemia a inicios del año 2020, el proyecto tuvo que revisar su metodología de intervención basada fundamentalmente en trabajo presencial para adaptarla trabajo remoto. Esta revisión implicó no solo la adaptación operativa del proyecto (es decir la implementación de trabajo en casa o mayor uso de tecnologías) sino también una adaptación estratégica bajo el principio que los supuestos de aproximación a beneficiarios bajo un esquema remoto difieren de un esquema presencial. Asimismo, tomando en cuenta que el proyecto trabaja con instituciones de primera línea (por ejemplo, el Ministerio de Salud y la Policía Nacional del Perú) fue necesario reconocer el cambio de prioridades de estas replanteando actividades y priorizando acciones conjuntas de modo que el proyecto responda correctamente a las necesidades de estas instituciones sin generar mayor rechazo o distraerlas de sus responsabilidades frente a la emergencia. Del mismo modo, fue necesario reconocer que, para poder brindar asistencia técnica, lo primero es asegurar la continuidad del servicio por lo que el proyecto de manera oportuna colaboró con estas instituciones repartiendo equipos de bioseguridad. Asimismo, se brindó soporte emocional a los operadores de los CARE a través de sesiones de terapia grupales. Los problemas que planteo el Covid-19 efectivamente generaron un retraso en la implementación de ciertas actividades críticas. Sin embargo, la forma en que se ha adaptado el proyecto es una lección aprendida en la medida que ir más lento durante la pandemia implicó un mejor acompañamiento de cara acciones conjuntas en el futuro.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Midterm evaluation Data collection on child labour (CL) is not mere statistical work. The feasibility of such activities might require prior high-level dialogue to give a political and administrative green light for statistical work. This lesson was drawn from Component 1 of the Asia Regional Programme on Child Labour intending to create a credible knowledge base on the extent of child labour, its drivers and causes that informs policies. The proposal was fully relevant for India where there had been no fresh data on child labour in India since 2011. The programme had planned to conduct national and state surveys on child labour, with disaggregated data by gender and age group and a technical and financial proposals with a national agency. However, the proposal received a lukewarm response from the government due to the sensitivity associated with child labour and the implementation was delayed. It was concluded that high-level engagement of policy makers and bureaucrats would have been needed since very beginning of the programme.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Midterm evaluation Despite all countries being committed to the eradication of CL through the SDGs and international conventions and declarations, the Alliance 8.7 and the choice of a country to become Pathfinder of the Alliance provides momentum to the collaboration between ILO, a MS and other stakeholders in effectively and efficiently addressing child labour, force labour and trafficking in children. While all countries are committed with the eradication of child labour, pathfinder countries intend to go further and faster in achieving Target 8.7; they accelerate efforts, try new approaches and collaborate with others.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Midterm evaluation The focus of CL measures on hazardous jobs and key economic sectors may have hidden the existence of female child labourers in the domestic work sector. This could be taken into account in gender-balanced project design. Pakistan carried out a qualitative study on child labour in domestic work commissioned by the ILO for the ARC project. The study offered pertinent insights into the current landscape of child labour in domestic work in Pakistan and determined that one in every four households in the country employs a child in domestic work, predominantly girls, aged 10 to 14 years. The project team has therefore found that gender is being taken into consideration in the formulation of activities, in capacity building work, in the establishment of child labour protection committees and the production of data. Moreover, it has been explained that there is a growing interest in understanding the economic exploitation of girls behind early marriage and within the family household.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Midterm evaluation Setting up of a large research programme with an ad-hoc team within the ILO takes time. This has to be considered when planning project implementation and achievement of results. The project, with an immense amount of research, particularly in collaboration with the government statistical authority entrusted with credible research and data gathering, requires continuous coordination and technical inputs and a versatile team with appropriate skills and high levels of competence. The effective implementation of such a large research project requires a team that can work for long periods, dedicating time and energy on the implementation and achievement of results. This would be more effectively achieved by lightening the administrative procedures for hiring personnel. It was decided to give the responsibility for working on the research component to the Fundamentals Research Unit. However, this team has had many other issues to tackle and has had limited time to dedicate to the project. Hence, it would be beneficial to have a separate project team for implementation of large research projects.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Midterm evaluation Improving knowledge, policymaking, and activities on the ground cannot always be done in a sequential manner, as challenges and opportunities in each area of work arise differently in each national context. The sequential manner of implementation, particularly in terms of research, policymaking and direct activities is difficult and do not always work on the ground. The research certainly contributes towards improving knowledge and informing policy makers, although the time taken to conduct research, including validation of findings, is more dependent on the current status of the country or contextual analysis. The direct interventions following research and policy-making for victims of child labour, forced labour and trafficking are not effective in positively affecting their lives as they hinder continuous monitoring and leave less time for linking with services for achieving sustainability. In some implementing countries, especially India and Pakistan, Outcome 1 related to credible knowledge on child labour, was underdeveloped or late, while Outcome 3, on holistic approach developed, applied and successful on the ground, was already being implemented.
• Support to Resettlement and Reconciliation through the United Nations Joint Programme for Peace - Final evaluation Economic activity per se may not lead to social cohesion unless inclusive processes that facilitate community change and spaces for inter-community dialogue are not created, built in to the activities. Economic empowerment does not necessarily lead to trust, improved relationships or attitudinal change.
• Support to Resettlement and Reconciliation through the United Nations Joint Programme for Peace - Final evaluation Recognizing the attribution gap between outputs and outcomes in peacebuilding projects, difference between resettlement and reconciliation not being clearly defined
• Support to Resettlement and Reconciliation through the United Nations Joint Programme for Peace - Final evaluation Short term projects (less than 3-4 years) may not be able to address deep-rooted attitudinal, relational and structural issues related to peacebuilding, social cohesion, involving trust-building, improving relationships and institutionalizing inclusive strategies to a satisfactory degree.
• Support to Resettlement and Reconciliation through the United Nations Joint Programme for Peace - Final evaluation Sound efforts of identifying and targeting of the most significant need/s of the beneficiaries – Livelihoods -- have brought about positive results of successful outreach of the beneficiaries who required the livelihood support most.
• Support to Resettlement and Reconciliation through the United Nations Joint Programme for Peace - Final evaluation Sound efforts of identifying and targeting of the most significant areas and locations for the project have brought about positive results of successful outreach of the beneficiaries who required the livelihood support most.
• Towards safe, healthy and declared work in Ukraine - Final evaluation The project has been very active on the advocacy level, and could use the formulation of an advocacy strategy to increase its impact.The project advocacy efforts have also substantially existed in the informal sphere: The EU financial support is not just supporting the delivery of technical expertise, it is also funding a team which, collaboratively with the ILO NC, has dedicated a substantial amount of time to advocacy, inside and outside project activities. It did not need the evaluator to ask since stakeholders have been willing to underline the importance of managing relationships. “Its is not about maintaining good relationships. It is about exchanging on substance and continue the discussions after the roundtable is closed.” Indeed, the agenda is moving also in the informal space. A conclusion from this finding leads to consider the added value of formalizing advocacy efforts so it can serve a strategic with expected results
• Towards safe, healthy and declared work in Ukraine - Final evaluation The project has embodied very strongly a very efficient approach addressing the “emergency and development nexus” where the development tracks and crisis response tracks have mutually nurtured one another.The war has affected the project as its response to the crisis has widened its scope of activities and increased its workload. The completion of the project may be the right time to refocus around topics and reassess workload: the previous phase was ambitious, in the positive sense, as it tackled fundamental issues, requiring changing mindsets and build a culture of health and safety at work, of labour inspection and address the very deeply rooted situation of undeclared work in Ukraine. To the pressing needs (psychological health, forced labour, human trafficking) emerged from the war, this project has widened its initial scope to respond to urgent challenges through a “crisis-response” track (repurposed activities). In parallel, the project has continued supporting important priorities, such as the social dialogue, labour inspection reform or the OSH legislation, which have been, at present, side-lined by other priorities and the martial law. The evaluation draws two conclusions from this observation: 1.The volume of “development” and “response” -tracks of the current project activities and the possible further development of the PSS component is likely to be too high to be managed under one project. the discussions between the constituents, maintaining the social dialogue and consistently remaining engaged in active advocacy.
• Develop inclusive insurance market and stimulate innovation in Asia and Latin America - Final evaluation Working with Government-backed Institutions provides different chal-lenges: The one institution in the Asia part of the project which did not launch a product was PNM, a government backed financial institution in Indonesia. ILO had hoped that partnering with this institution would allow them to work with an institution which could bring products to scale with a large consumer base. The project found it difficult to work with them on innovation or to try a new approach. Feedback suggested that as a large institution, the partnership may not have been as much as a priority as for the smaller institutions involved in the project. One of the other or-ganisations also had to limit plans for a public-private partnership linked to the Government’s Social Scheme because the administrative burden was too high for their agents. For future projects, ILO may try to identify if other approaches might be more successful in working with government linked institutions.
• Develop inclusive insurance market and stimulate innovation in Asia and Latin America - Final evaluation Outputs, Outcomes, Indicator Targets, and the Theory of Change should be revisited during a project: One of the emerging good practices identi-fied below is that the adaptive management and demand driven ap-proach helped ensure relevance and ownership of the project for key stakeholders. However, this approach did mean the output and outcome indicators listed in the PRODOC were not all relevant for the project. Re-visiting the theory of change of the project and the outcome and output targets once the financial institutions had been selected and the roadmaps developed, would have been advisable and could have contrib-uted to monitoring the overall impact of the project.
• Develop inclusive insurance market and stimulate innovation in Asia and Latin America - Final evaluation Supporting the arrival of the Fellows: The fellows and the partner institu-tions in Asia were broadly appreciative of the support given by ILO during the placement of the fellows and the project in general. One identified lesson learned though was that greater support could be but in place to ensure the arrival of the fellow is smoother. This is linked to the adminis-trative part of the arrival in areas such as acquiring a visa, obtaining hous-ing, and generally settling into a new culture.
• Supporting Ministry of Labour and Social Development in analysis, policy and capacity development - Final evaluation The presence of an international expert inside the Ministry has provided great added value to MHRSD. At the same time, the different focal points inside the Ministry helped to ensure effective and regular communication between the ILO and MHRSD and helped ensure smooth project implementation
• Supporting Ministry of Labour and Social Development in analysis, policy and capacity development - Final evaluation The capacity building plan was developed based on stakeholders’ needs to better respond to the country’s priorities. Further capacity building activities remain needed and should extend to more Ministry departments and other stakeholders.
• Supporting Ministry of Labour and Social Development in analysis, policy and capacity development - Final evaluation The national serious commitment including of the ministry staff supported effective implementation of the project despite challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Supporting Ministry of Labour and Social Development in analysis, policy and capacity development - Final evaluation Involvement of project stakeholders and beneficiaries at multiple stages; along with the fact that this project built upon past ILO interventions and the sequencing of the different activities have all contributed to the effective implementation of the activities
• Entr’Alliance: Pour l’élimination du travail des enfants et du travail forcé - Midterm evaluation : La transition du travail des membres de la Plateforme sur le travail des enfants (CLP), par la création de groupes de travail pays (République démocratique du Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Inde), est une démarche qui permet non seulement d’élargir le champ d’intervention de la CLP et de transposer, au niveau national, le débat sur le travail des enfants qui a cours au niveau international, mais aussi d’engager plus concrètement les grandes entreprises multinationales (EMN) dans les efforts de diligence raisonnable au sein de leurs chaînes d’approvisionnement. Il y a lieu de poursuivre les efforts en misant sur les acquis de ces expériences, tout en veillant à ce qu’il soit possible de partager les approches d’intervention innovantes testées sur le terrain et les résultats obtenus à ce jour, de façon à enrichir les débats amorcés dans le domaine des chaînes d’approvisionnement et à susciter l’intérêt d’autres EMN.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global ILO in looking for sustainability for SCORE training has entered into an agreement with GiZ in Tunisia that is contradictory to the SCORE approach with respect to building ownership of SMEs and strengthening sustainability of SCORE delivery by asking payment for SCORE services. In new agreements, it is recommended to adhere more strongly to this approach, as there is ample proof that BDS services, while they can be offered against subsidised rate it should not be offered completely free.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global In the past ILO has not been very successful in reaching out to supply chain lead buyers in promoting and advancing SCORE training in their supply chains. In phase this approach was deleted from the results framework. However, there are still examples of supply chain integration work, such as done in Bolivia, where more key actor engagement can be achieved. It may be that in the past SCORE has too much attempted to apply a supply chain lead buyer approach with financial support and sustainability in mind. This is not the best approach to interest these actors. However, when the approach is more on supply chain integration and governance and in due diligence requirements, the buy in of key actors in these supply chains may be stronger.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global Bottlenecks and limitations in interpreting particularly the quantitative KPIs in the SCORE M&E database, show that not all quantitative indicators can be collected in a reliable way and subsequently aggregated and analysed. This may call for a simpler and more qualitative set up these KPIs. And particularly the employment related indicators, may not be appropriate to measure effects and impact of SCORE services at the specific enterprise level.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global The experience of SCORE phase IV, as the final phase of a long-term project, particularly in Bolivia shows that it is very important to start a new project with planning for exiting and sustainability and not leave the actions directed at transfer and sustainability for the final phase of the project. This requires developing the governance and coordination structures in the beginning, so experience can be built with this, during the project implementation. And also the development of a business-plan for the transfer of SCORE training should have been an action at the start of Phase IV.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global The experience of SCORE project in phase IV has shown that ILO’s communication and marketing around SCORE project has not been strong and too much confined to ILO’s own networks. ILO is not an SME development and BDS providing organisation and not well known in SME communities. Better communication and marketing of SCORE training should be done much more proactively in these sectors to ensure that the SCORE service provision is actually reaching the market. And at the same time, ILO should consider also communicating why and how SCORE fits with its own mandate as the International Labour Organisation.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Final evaluation Project design needs to be realistic regarding the time required for research results to contribute to policy change. Projects aiming to promote evidence-based policy change on child labour (or other labour rights issues) need ample time for research findings to be completed and discussed with constituents to play a role in policy change. In the project design, with an effective implementation period of four years, it was ambitious to expect the knowledge products to be completed, disseminated, and to contribute to policy change within the project timeframe. Rather, in practice, policy engagement often needed to be conducted in parallel, based on existing evidence, policy analysis and ILO norms and standards.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Final evaluation Agility in project management and planning is critical to intervention success in times of crisis. In a global environment that is increasingly unpredictable and crisis-affected, agile project management approaches as applied by the ARC Project management team are required, enabling rapid adjustments to workplans and budgets. This requires a developmental approach to planning, potentially necessitating deviation from a rigid results-based management approach.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Final evaluation Intervention scope needs to be balanced relative to time and budget resources. As learned in many development cooperation interventions, greater impact can be achieved if the scope of interventions is balanced with the resources. In India, the ARC project’s initial geographical scope of interventions in eight states was too broad given the timeframe and human and financial resources. More sustainable results are likely to be achieved with longer and more intensive interventions in fewer locations.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Final evaluation Responding to host government needs and interests facilitates impact. In Nepal and Bangladesh, for example, the ARC project was able to serve the requests of the host government, generating political will and ownership, and progressed smoothly toward the project’s knowledge base, policy development and local intervention outcomes. For example, the project made rapid progress in Bangladesh where the government requested ILO support for the National Child Labour Survey, updating the hazardous work list for children and for the process of ratification of ILO Convention 138.
• Asia Regional Child Labour Programme - Final evaluation An integrated programming approach among child labour related projects at country level enhances efficiency and impact, especially in times of crisis. The experience in Myanmar demonstrated the value of an integrated approach among the ARC Project, the forerunning Myanmar Programme for the Elimination of Child Labour (MyPEC) and the ARISE project, enabling efficiencies, and supporting scale and impact. This is an enabling approach in any context but was vital in Myanmar in supporting a principled stance across the project teams in the face of the ongoing conflict in the country.
• First Independent Evaluation of the 8.7 Accelerator Lab – 2021 - 2023 A dedicated Theory of Change (ToC) for the 8.7 Accelerator Lab's system-level is necessary to properly monitor and evaluate activities that enhance the functioning of FUNDAMENTALS. Assessing or tracking system-level achievements is challenging without a more detailed understanding of the chronology of activities, outputs, outcomes, and impact. Although the activities at this level address specific difficulties, they do not adequately demonstrate how they are linked with the pillars of targeting, exchanging, and accelerating. Specifically, there are no outcomes grouping the activities and describing what the system-level aims to achieve.
• First Independent Evaluation of the 8.7 Accelerator Lab – 2021 - 2023 In some countries, improvements in employment law achieved by the 8.7 Accelerator Lab do not benefit workers on service contracts. Therefore, the scope of protection under employment law would need to be expanded as well.Improvements in employment benefits and social security provisions often exclude workers who do not engage in formal employment contracts, highlighting a disparity in the accessibility of such improvements based on contract types. Improvements in working conditions introduced by the 8.7 Accelerator Lab, such as maternity and paternity leave for fishers in South Africa, did not directly benefit individuals working on a commission or under service contracts.
• First Independent Evaluation of the 8.7 Accelerator Lab – 2021 - 2023 Specific challenges faced by migrant workers cannot be addressed at the national level alone but require the involvement of stakeholders from countries of origin, transit, and destination.The evaluation found that working at the national level with national stakeholders could not provide a full solution to the challenges faced by migrant workers, which affected the effectiveness of the 8.7 Accelerator Lab. Stakeholders noted the importance of collaboration with stakeholders in countries of origin, transit, and destination, as well as the involvement of the Ministries of Foreign Affairs.
• Promotion of Decent Work Opportunities for the economic empowerment of vulnerable segments of society - Final evaluation Working with vulnerable segments of society required more time for social mobilization and capacity-building and continuous efforts to engage with key stakeholders and influencers (i.e., brick owners, community elders etc.). Training is only one aspect of capacity building, the other aspects being the development of systems, mentoring and determination of follow-up actions to get desired results, e.g., providing a short duration of training for DVCs was not sufficient and required more engagement with the government in this regard. Similarly, the expansion and effective implementation of social protection systems require finances, infrastructure, political will and law enforcement. Continuous policy advocacy with federal and provincial governments is important to take the agenda forward. Thus, the key lesson for the future is to build in sufficient time for social mobilization and capacity-building a critical mass of related activities to ensure sustainable impact.
• Promotion of Decent Work Opportunities for the economic empowerment of vulnerable segments of society - Final evaluation Initiatives or reforms initiated by one government official may not be taken forward by their successors, which impacts the progress of the project, e.g., in component 3 when embassy staff changed or under component 2 when social policy staff were transferred. Thus, the key lesson for future is aiming to get the change institutionalized through changes in procedures and policies is critical.
• Promotion of Decent Work Opportunities for the economic empowerment of vulnerable segments of society - Final evaluation Gender mainstreaming/ equality adds to the effectiveness of the projects and requires dedicated resources to achieve, including human resources, targets and appropriate strategies when working with the vulnerable segments of society. Thus, the key lesson for future is to have a clear roadmap on gender equity included in the design phase.
• Promotion of Decent Work Opportunities for the economic empowerment of vulnerable segments of society - Final evaluation Coherence among various interventions gives better results. This was evident particularly in component 1 where BLCC and PWF focused holistically on working with kiln workers in providing awareness about labor rights, obtaining CNICs and linking with government services. Education and registration of CNICs are key entry points to motivate vulnerable segments of society to participate in the process of social and economic development. These interventions were highly admired by women in particular. Thus, the key lesson for the future is to develop effectively related activities that address the priority needs of beneficiaries.
• ILO-Korea Partnership Programme funded projects in ASEAN, Cambodia and Lao PDR, 2021-23 In a complicated management environment with different levels of management and different levels of technical leads coordination involves bringing all stakeholders together at regular intervals in order to drive progress and to enhance cooperation, coherence and communication.
• ILO-Korea Partnership Programme funded projects in ASEAN, Cambodia and Lao PDR, 2021-23 Inclusion from private sectors in the Mutual Recognition of Skills (MRS) processes is crucial in harnessing timely and relevant outcomes.
• Final Independent Evaluation of EU-funded Better Work Programmes in Sri Lanka and Madagascar (Phase I) The Better Work programmes replicated and adapted successful initiatives from other Better Work country programmes, such as the Gender Equality and Returns (GEAR), an initiative designed by IFC and focused on women’s empowerment and career opportunities and this programme has already shown concrete results for the beneficiaries such as promotion and salary increase. Also, thanks to the GEAR program, female workers are henceforth more capable to assume their responsibilities at work, to speak up, to have self-confidence, to respond and to counter harassment.
• Final Independent Evaluation of EU-funded Better Work Programmes in Sri Lanka and Madagascar (Phase I) Training on decent work conditions, social compliance and social dialogue has enhanced the interest of constituents to such a degree that several employers’ and workers’ organisations are now providing such training to their members/staff. This is one of the key elements of the innovative BW approach (BW Light) as it focuses on the constituents being trained and made aware up to the point where they will take the initiative to sustain the process.
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de proyectos de recuperación y reactivación económica frente a la pandemia 4. Identificar y contrastar la capacidad de los Mandantes para los componentes en los que son implementadores y así adecuar y definir las metodologías de ejecución de los proyectos.La OIT se apoya muchas veces en terceros para la implementación de determinados componentes, por lo que confía en su capacidad de ejecutar o en movilizar capacidades. Sin embargo, el desconocimiento en profundidad de las capacidades estos organismos identificados pueden llevar a cambios sustanciales en los resultados esperados
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de proyectos de recuperación y reactivación económica frente a la pandemia 5. La articulación de los componentes, su integración, coherencia o interconexión en un proyecto de CSPO para una mayor efectividad.
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de proyectos de recuperación y reactivación económica frente a la pandemia Gestión del conocimiento para escalar estrategias efectivas de reactivación económica de las MYPE
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de proyectos de recuperación y reactivación económica frente a la pandemia La articulación de los componentes en un proyecto de reactivación económica para una mayor efectividad.
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de proyectos de recuperación y reactivación económica frente a la pandemia 1. Trabajar a nivel tripartito desde el inicio, involucrando a todos los Mandantes y a los organismos implementadores desde el diseño. Esta lección aprendida ha sido identificada por varios entrevistados en distintos proyectos. Se ha evidenciado la necesidad de un trabajo tripartito a nivel de país desde el inicio y de manera abierta. Es decir, que la OIT no sea el puente o enlace entre los 3 tipos de Mandantes sino favorecer espacios de diálogo, colaboración y compartición tripartita.
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de proyectos de recuperación y reactivación económica frente a la pandemia 2. La flexibilidad de los CSPO hace que se adapten a las necesidades y prioridades de los Mandantes generando buenos y relevantes resultados y altamente satisfactorios. Los CSPO se adaptan y se amoldan a lo que necesitan los Mandantes modificando durante su implementación sus productos y resultados esperados para dar mejor respuesta a lo que es espera y así aportar soluciones, productos e insumos altamente relevantes y esperados.
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de proyectos de recuperación y reactivación económica frente a la pandemia 3. La importancia de que todos los Mandantes tengan conocimientos similares sobre el tema para estar en posición de tener discusiones y procesos de implementación con un lenguaje y entendimiento común.Cuando un proyecto se inicia sobre una temática en la que los diferentes Mandantes tienen diferente nivel de conocimiento o entendimiento, las discusiones y procesos se complejizan o estancan. Por lo que asegurar al inicio del proyecto que se forma a los Mandantes conjunta o separadamente pero en la misma temática y con el mismo lenguaje es crucial para un avance del tema. Por ejemplo, en el proyecto de México, esta formación fue muy importante para avanzar el tema de Empleos verdes de la CDMX.
• Towards fair and sustainable global supply chains: Promoting formalization and decent work for invisible workers in South Asia - Final evaluation Special efforts are required to visibalise the issue of invisible workers at the level of tripartite partners as well as within the ILO. The projects working on the issue of home-based workers, who are invisible, need to develop special strategies to make the issues visible within and outside ILO. The strategies can relate to participation in the key events at global, national and local levels to share the issues, wide dissemination of knowledge products and briefs highlighting the key issues and supporting informal/formal networks with the ILO resources.
• Towards fair and sustainable global supply chains: Promoting formalization and decent work for invisible workers in South Asia - Final evaluation Supply chain disruptions directly impact the HBWs, who are also forced to absorb the losses because of these disruptions. In context of this project, the pandemic led to immediate and sudden lockdowns across the world. As a consequence, all the orders by the international and domestic buyers were cancelled with immediate effect. This was further passed on to home-based workers and other informal worker who are at the lowest tier of the supply chain. Workers who had to suffer significant losses as the manufactured goods were not purchased and no compensation was offered. This led to significant loss of livelihood amongst the most vulnerable category of workers.
• Towards fair and sustainable global supply chains: Promoting formalization and decent work for invisible workers in South Asia - Final evaluation Home-based workers, especially women, require additional livelihood and leadership development support to participate in the initiatives that promote freedom of association and collective bargaining. Home-based workers face several limitations while participating in the initiatives that promote their causes. This includes limited time (as they also care of the household work) and earning capacity (due to low wages). Accordingly, any initiative that does not lead to immediate and direct benefits in terms of increased income shall not witness good participation of the women workers. Accordingly, the TUs need to adopt non-conventional approach wherein providing income generating service is also part of the initiative and unionizing work. This initiative also needs to promote local level leaderships to provide support to the home-based workers at the local level.
• Towards fair and sustainable global supply chains: Promoting formalization and decent work for invisible workers in South Asia - Final evaluation Innovative or experimental projects needs to have a pilot phase and also keep the project design broad and open ended. The original design of the project was linear and rigid wherein the activities were sequential in nature. The project reported them to be barriers. Accordingly, the project made a number of changes which were supported by the donor
• Towards fair and sustainable global supply chains: Promoting formalization and decent work for invisible workers in South Asia - Final evaluation Developing shared understanding of the project amongst the key stakeholders in the initial phases of the project helps in enhancing effectiveness of the project. The projects or initiatives need to create institutional structures which facilitate this process. In context of this project, the project formed working groups of social partners including trade unions, membership based organisations/employers and civil society organisations. The working group met periodically from the initial stages of the project which helped in developing shared understanding of the project’s objectives alongwith the challenges. This helped in giving strategic inputs to the project.
• Towards fair and sustainable global supply chains: Promoting formalization and decent work for invisible workers in South Asia - Final evaluation A multi-dimensional and long term approach is required to deal with the complex issue of Home-based workers (especially women) in the Global Supply chains. The issues of home-based workers are highly complex and as they are at the lowest tier of the global supply chain and are invisible. Further their presence in the supply chain is task based and intermittent. Despite a significant proportion of workers are engaged as home-based workers, the issue is not on the priority of most of the stakeholders. Accordingly, a long term multi-dimensional approach is required to address this issue.
• Inclusive Growth, Social Protection and Jobs (Implementation Phase II) - Final evaluation The adoption of integrated approaches to policies, strategies and legal frameworks for social protection contributes to the steady expansion of social protection systems (contributory and non-contributory schemes) and reduces fragmentation.
• Inclusive Growth, Social Protection and Jobs (Implementation Phase II) - Final evaluation The sustained expansion of social protection in the beneficiary countries is highly dependent on further improving internal capacity for in-country statistical capacities to monitor social protection systems and improving financial management and economic sustainability of social protection policies and programmes.
• Inclusive Growth, Social Protection and Jobs (Implementation Phase II) - Final evaluation A solid project design phase, with in-depth consultations with key stakeholders, is key to ensure that the programme has a clear, feasible and realistic strategy for every stakeholder and component, as well as to avoid large deviations that can result in suboptimal results. A clear project design will also enhance further coordination/inter-connection between the Programme components, which will increase effectiveness and efficiency.
• Inclusive Growth, Social Protection and Jobs (Implementation Phase II) - Final evaluation Although having a decentralized Programme is very relevant for the effectiveness of the national components, it is equally important to ensure that the regional and global components have a decisive role in coordinating and bringing together the different components at the strategic level, ensuring the exchange of practices, knowledge sharing and capitalization of the south-south cooperation opportunities.
• Inclusive Growth, Social Protection and Jobs (Implementation Phase II) - Final evaluation Ensuring the existence of clear monitoring and evaluation mechanisms from the inception phase of the project – such as an operational project monitoring tool (to record progress on indicators at the outcome and output level and activities), which could be hosted by the Results Monitoring Tool; and a centralized project library which is shared with all team members -, would enable sharing of crucial information and relevant initiatives between the teams in different countries, allowing them to understand the progress made in other countries and what regional synergies can/should be explored, while informing management decisions.
• Formation en Approche HIMO Structurée des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises PME) et des Bureaux d’études et réalisation des chantiers écoles - Final evaluation L’OIT doit innover son approche HIMO pour l’adapter aux réalités sur le terrain et mieux répondre aux besoins de Madagascar. Il a été constaté que dans la Région d’Atsimo Atsinanana, la recherche de matériaux sélectionnés adéquats était un défi majeur de ce projet : les rochers sources de moellon n’étaient pas suffisants à l’Est alors que l’humidité et les cyclones nécessitent des matériaux plus résistants. Par ailleurs, en plus de la systématisation de l’approche genre et de la prise en compte des SST, il est important d’accompagner les bénéficiaires des projets dans leurs différentes initiatives de mise en place d’activités génératrices de revenus (AGR), ce qui suppose des activités de renforcement de capacités en entrepreneuriat et en éducation financière.
• Formation en Approche HIMO Structurée des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises PME) et des Bureaux d’études et réalisation des chantiers écoles - Final evaluation Les réalités sur le terrain ont forcé les équipes de projet à chercher des moyens pour corriger les problèmes engendrés par le passage des cyclones et les retards de paiement ainsi que l’inexistence de matériaux adéquats sur le terrain.
• Decent Work Opportunities for Refugees and Host Communities in Türkiye - Final evaluation When interventions related to decent work opportunities are built on previous work and experiences relevant to the same context the intervention is more likely to be implemented more effectively and it is more responsive towards unexpected situations. The project is part of the ILO’s “Refugee Response Programme” in Türkiye. This enabled benefitting from human resources, experienced in the same context and similar projects, to connect with constituents/stakeholders and to demonstrate effective management while responding the COVID-19 effects.
• Decent Work Opportunities for Refugees and Host Communities in Türkiye - Final evaluation The output-based, rather than activity-based planning, hinders efficiency and impedes effectiveness of the intervention, as well as limiting the identification and high-level engagement of stakeholders. A substantial effort is needed to develop activities to reach the outputs. Those efforts necessitated identifying right stakeholders and their engagement to the relevant activities. The time pressure caused loss of efficiency and effectiveness in this dimension. This resulted limited access to potential stakeholders, and constituents, unsuccessful attempts, lower quality results and underutilization of their capacity.
• Public Private Development Partnership for Renewable Energy Skills Training and Women Economic Empowerment in Somalia - Final evaluation Working with and through the private sector in form of PPPs enhances efficiency of resource use and delivery of results. The project used minimal resources while tapping into the private sector funds, efficiency and innovativeness.
• Public Private Development Partnership for Renewable Energy Skills Training and Women Economic Empowerment in Somalia - Final evaluation Evidenced based programming ensures sustainability and effective project implementation. The assessments and studies undertaken in the project for instance the WE- Check tool for gender assessment and the value chain analysis brought out very tangible information to help improve the implementation of the project.
• Public Private Development Partnership for Renewable Energy Skills Training and Women Economic Empowerment in Somalia - Final evaluation Development of livelihoods focused on hands on trade crafts and blending with business management skills is a recipe for success and buy-in fragile habitats. The project employed multi sectoral approach in its design and implementation.
• Public Private Development Partnership for Renewable Energy Skills Training and Women Economic Empowerment in Somalia - Final evaluation Strategic partnerships accompanied with clear communication structures leads to seamless flow of actions.
• STED-AMT Compétences pour le Commerce et la Diversification Économique: Alignement des compétences sur les stratégies de développement sectoriel en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie - évaluation mi-oar En l’absence d´une « ligne de base » commune aux trois pays, on peut s’attendre à des résultats différents d’un pays à l’autre. Bien que la conception du projet ait inclut les mêmes résultats et activités pour tous les pays, les contextes d´intervention sont différents et, par conséquent, le rythme de mise en œuvre et d’atteinte des résultats escomptés du projet diverge d’un pays à l’autre.
• STED-AMT Compétences pour le Commerce et la Diversification Économique: Alignement des compétences sur les stratégies de développement sectoriel en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie - évaluation mi-oar La consolidation des approches, mécanismes et stratégies nationales de diversification des compétences implique des processus complexes et à long terme. D´une part, de tels processus nécessitent le soutien et l’engagement continus de multiples parties prenantes, notamment des institutions gouvernementales ; organisations d’employeurs et de travailleurs ; établissements de formation publics et privés ; agences de promotion des échanges commerciaux et de développement industriel ; organes sectoriels ; prestataires de services d’emploi ; et entreprises des régions et des secteurs choisis dans les trois pays. D´autre part, ces processus demandent le développement de stratégies nationales/sectorielles qui combinent le perfectionnement des compétences et l’innovation technologique avec des investissements dans des secteurs non traditionnels, à plus forte valeur ajoutée (diversification) ce qui est d’une grande complexité, notamment dans des pays confrontés à des défis multiples et récurrents (politiques, institutionnels, manque de capacités techniques, faible dialogue social, etc.).
• STED-AMT Compétences pour le Commerce et la Diversification Économique: Alignement des compétences sur les stratégies de développement sectoriel en Algérie, au Maroc et en Tunisie - évaluation mi-oar Le succès du projet STED-AMT dépend de sa capacité à fournir une assistance technique efficace et de qualité.
• Projet de prévention de la violence, de la délinquance juvénile et de l’insécurité dans les régions de Diana et Sava du Nord de Madagascar - Joint evaluation Les structures de gouvernance créées pour les besoins spécifiques d’un projet ont peu de chance d’être durables si des mécanismes d’auto-financement ne sont pas en place. En lieu et place de telles structures, il serait plus indiqué d’appuyer les structures déjà existantes et portées par les acteurs nationaux/locaux. Ces structures locales créées et portées par des acteurs locaux ont plus de chance d’être durables même en l’absence de bailleurs de fonds externes.
• Projet de prévention de la violence, de la délinquance juvénile et de l’insécurité dans les régions de Diana et Sava du Nord de Madagascar - Joint evaluation La prévention de la violence, de la délinquance juvénile et de l’insécurité nécessite un engagement à long terme et des ressources conséquentes. Si un projet veut arriver à des changements significatifs et durables, il lui faut du temps et des moyens conséquents. En d’autres termes, le projet doit être mis en œuvre sur une période de 5 ans en moyenne et il doit être doté d’un budget conséquent pour à la fois pouvoir former les jeunes et les accompagner dans leur insertion socio-économique, par exemple.
• Enhancing COVID-19 Prevention at and through Workplaces - Final evaluation In November 2021, the government began to issue information on the importance of Indonesia being prepared to enter COVID as an endemic disease, no longer a pandemic. This information is a reference for many people who interpret that COVID will end soon. This situation also has an impact on the low interest of companies to continue consulting with doctors (for those who have registered), and the low number of new registration companies.
• Enhancing COVID-19 Prevention at and through Workplaces - Final evaluation Online Capacity Building is less effective than when it is conducted face-to-face. While online training does not require large funds and can thus lead to substantial savings, it is generally more tiring for the trainees. As a result, participants get bored quickly and are often distracted so that the information conveyed is not always complete. In short, online training is often not as effective and does not always achieve its goals.
• Application of migration policy for decent work of migrant workers, phase II - Final evaluation The Migration Project had two phases, with a common log frame. This has the advantage of long-term planning and implementation of policy projects, which need time to effect changes in policies. The risk that institutional strengthening may not keep pace with policy changes, negatively impacts the implementation of policies. If these risks (e.g., attitudinal barriers, entrenched economic interests) are identified early, they can be addressed to improve the success of a policy project
• Application of migration policy for decent work of migrant workers, phase II - Final evaluation The project monitoring parameters must be agreed upon by the donor and implementing agencies and any concerns must be addressed in the early stage of project implementation. Project monitoring needs to be agreed with between the donor and implementing agency, and any concerns be addressed early in the project implementation. Further, the indicators for a policy project need to be different from those for a project focussed on grassroots, as the impact takes longer and is more complex.
• Application of migration policy for decent work of migrant workers, phase II - Final evaluation The extent to which a technical project can be expected to facilitate negotiations in favour of migrant workers may be limited where political power equations between the destination (employing) country and the sending country may be biased in favour of the former.The extent to which a technical project can be expected to facilitate political negotiations may be limited. ILO’s Technical Cooperation Projects (TCPs) aid the government for drafting Memorandum of Understanding between Bangladesh and the destination countries. However, the resulting MOUs may not be as fair or protective for the migrant workers due to the political nature of the negotiations.
• Application of migration policy for decent work of migrant workers, phase II - Final evaluation The United Nations (UN) agencies aim to advance the One-UN idea, which requires close coordination among them to contribute to one goal: in this case safety and protection of Bangladeshi migrants abroad, reintegration on return, and access to Decent Work in destination and home countries. The Project coordinated with International Organization for Migration (IOM), United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UNWOMEN), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC. While this added value to the policy advice provided to Bangladesh government, it meant longer timelines for finalizing the joint outputs.
• Sida-ILO Partnership Programme, 2022 – 2025 Refining project scope during execution or pivoting interventions.Market Systems Development (MSD) projects require flexibility in their design phase, facing challenges with donors who demand rigid logframes and specific indicators for activities, making it difficult to predict interventions at the outset. Some donors, like Sida and the Norwegians, show flexibility towards MSD's dynamic needs, highlighting the importance of broadening donor understanding across all countries to accommodate the inherent variability and need for adaptability in MSD project. The next phase of these programmes should emphasize educating donors at both the headquarters and field levels about the MSD approach, which focuses on creating private sector jobs and value chains through adaptive management, despite the complexities of meeting donor demands for fixed beneficiaries, activities, and indicators. The ILO could also consider exploring the procedural implications of designing programmes/projects without targets in case their formation results from a MSA or equivalent assessment at inception stage (e.g. conditions to establish and promote a phased approach or to pivot interventions).
• Sida-ILO Partnership Programme, 2022 – 2025 Real-time evaluation.The programme implemented a series of real-time evaluations which intended to assess specific operational choices aimed at supporting cohesive efforts across technical intervention areas during phase 1 and that could be scaled-up in phase 2; to identify critical problems and provide solutions to make key changes at an intermediate point in programming; to identify emerging lessons learned and good practices as the programme is being implemented; to facilitate improved communication and understanding between HQ and the field; to review financial delivery versus spending targets. In practice, fewer real-time evaluation rounds were conducted due to a reported slow progress of the programme and to an evaluation fatigue of informants. Real-time evaluation recommendations had also limited effects as not being prescriptive. Furthermore, programme staff had a need for (committing) additional monitoring capacity to the programme rather than evaluative capacity. Altogether, this indicates that a range of conditions need to be present for real-time evaluations to be enabled and serve as intended.
• Protecting garment sector workers: occupational safety and health and income support in response to the COVID-19 pandemic - Final evaluation A lessons learned from the Project’s income support (cash transfer) component applied in the social protection component of the Project, is that in countries’ that lack national social insurance institutions (of some kind), the disbursement through other intermediaries can be very complicated, and not necessarily appreciated by the stakeholders. The mechanism of the latter can pose risks for the ILO for reasons related to accountability and transparency. It may also undermine ILO’s long term efforts of developing social protection (sustainable) systems.
• Protecting garment sector workers: occupational safety and health and income support in response to the COVID-19 pandemic - Final evaluation In order to be perceived as ONE project/programme, not several projects put together, all ILO projects, even these large multi-country and inter-regional interventions, need to have common outcomes (but the outputs/sub-outputs can differ depending on the country context).
• Contribution financière MAE pour la mise en œuvre de l'Alliance 8.7 ainsi que l’action du BIT dans la zone Sahel - évaluation finale Alignement entre les objectifs stratégiques et la conception d’un projet. La réorientation d’un projet initialement conçu comme une intervention visant à des emplois verts à Haute Intensité de Main-d'œuvre vers une intervention ciblant l’ODD 8.7 peut demander une refonte significative de la théorie du changement et du cadre logique, y compris indicateurs et lignes de base, conduisant à une révision ou à une extension des activités, groupes cibles, et des partenariats., et des cibles de l’ODD 8.7 visés par le projet.
• Contribution financière MAE pour la mise en œuvre de l'Alliance 8.7 ainsi que l’action du BIT dans la zone Sahel - évaluation finale Adéquation entre objectifs d’un projet, évolution du contexte de mise en œuvre, et capacités de gestion. La croissance du nombre de pays pionniers de l’Alliance 8.7 a ajouté à la charge de travail apportée par le projet et mis en tension la capacité d’absorption du Secrétariat. Le manque de structure de gouvernance formelle de projet ainsi que l’absence d’une position de chef de projet et de ressources dédiées à cette position ont freiné les possibilités du Secrétariat de s'adapter à l’augmentation de charge de travail liée à la croissance du nombre de pays pionniers. Renforcer la supervision et la gestion du projet par la mise en place d’une structure de gouvernance formelle et un suivi robuste des activités et des résultats peut faciliter les arbitrages et réorientations rapides.
• Contribution financière MAE pour la mise en œuvre de l'Alliance 8.7 ainsi que l’action du BIT dans la zone Sahel - évaluation finale Planification et mise en œuvre d’un projet HIMO dans un contexte d’insécurité. Un projet emploi vert/HIMO peut contribuer à la promotion des PDFT, à la cohésion sociale tout en limitant le recours au travail des enfants, dans un contexte d'insécurité/de volatilité en proposant des solutions concrètes de travail aux populations locales et aux réfugiés. Cependant la mise en œuvre d’un projet dans une région à la situation sécuritaire instable requiert de nombreuses adaptations. Le calendrier des activités doit notamment être ajusté en fonction de la disponibilité de la main-d'œuvre. Il est nécessaire d’envisager une stratégie de suivi qui intègre les aspects de sécurité pour l'équipe du projet, les bénéficiaires, et les prestataires de services, en particulier dans les zones volatiles. Pour une meilleure compréhension du périmètre et des moyens d’intervention, ainsi que des effets du projet sur la dynamique de groupe et la cohésion sociale, il est important de mesurer plusieurs indicateurs sociaux au début du projet qui répondent aux objectifs du projet. D’autre part une intervention visant à des emplois verts à Haute Intensité de Main-d'œuvre peut avoir intérêt à prévoir des activités connexes. Une phase préparatoire du projet qui intègre la production de compost à base de fumure organique est par exemple indispensable pour assurer sa disponibilité. D’autre part la disponibilité d'eau potable et d'une aire de repos améliore la productivité des travailleurs
• Better regional migration management - Midterm evaluation The discrepancy between the scale of returnees and the service provision is worrying, as evidenced by available data and many interview respondents. For example, in Ethiopia and Kenya, the financial sector is not so well developed, and there are opportunities to test different technical skill-related training and financial products. Longer partnership agreements between ILO projects and Banks, financial institutions and NGOs and the need to develop interest-free products to align these services to religious beliefs in Ethiopia were considered factors considered in the project's future design and planning stage.
• Better regional migration management - Midterm evaluation The distinction between national and international migrants might lead to the perception of exclusive labour migration policies and the practical application of discriminatory measures. Governments must deal with both categories of migrants, and workers `and employers` organizations must protect both.
• Better regional migration management - Midterm evaluation Cooperation with employers` organizations and private employment agencies is not systematic, therefore their opinions and views are not clearly reflected in the BLAs and other labour rights documents. Significant gaps need to be addressed to improve the compliance of labour migration policies with labour rights and the content and the quality of BLAs.
• Estrategia de fortalecimiento de la Agencia Pública de Empleo del Distrito (APED) - Final evaluation El desarrollo/fortalecimiento de políticas públicas que promuevan una estrategia de territorialización debe considerar la construcción de procesos de diálogo social ampliado y del tripartismo con enfoque territorial, como un mecanismo necesario que tenga el potencial de contribuir a la apropiación y sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados.
• Estrategia de fortalecimiento de la Agencia Pública de Empleo del Distrito (APED) - Final evaluation El diseño e implementación de proyectos que promuevan el fortalecimiento de políticas públicas a través de modelos de intervención pilotos debe contemplar los siguientes elementos: a) generación de una sólida base de información y de diseminación de los resultados a diferentes partes interesadas, b) la conformación de un grupo de trabajo con la contraparte nacional/local que incluya a funcionarios técnicos y a responsables de la adopción de las políticas públicas, c) un tiempo para el seguimiento de los resultados, d) un Plan para la institucionalización del piloto en una política pública.
• Estrategia de fortalecimiento de la Agencia Pública de Empleo del Distrito (APED) - Final evaluation Para aumentar la eficacia e impacto de los SPE es necesario fortalecer las sinergias y complementariedades con iniciativas públicas y privadas que operan en el territorio y que promueven políticas de empleo y de desarrollo productivo. Se requiere implementar un enfoque integrado, multinivel y multisectorial que reconozca que las barreras de acceso al empleo formal – especialmente para ciertos grupos poblacionales vulnerables – son estructurales, se entrecruzan y requieren de un conjunto de políticas públicas.
• Estrategia de fortalecimiento de la Agencia Pública de Empleo del Distrito (APED) - Final evaluation El diseño e implementación de los proyectos debe tomar en cuenta los tiempos administrativos y logísticos que requieren las contrapartes para la aprobación y apropiación de los productos desarrollados.
• Estrategia de fortalecimiento de la Agencia Pública de Empleo del Distrito (APED) - Final evaluation Proyectos que se desarrollan en contextos de cambio de gobierno y/o de fragilidad institucional debido a la permanencia de las contrapartes locales, requieren implementar estrategias que anticipen estos factores de riesgo para la sostenibilidad. En tal sentido, es necesario que se cuente con estrategias que permitan asegurar la continuidad de los resultados alcanzados más allá de la OIT.
• More and better jobs created for sustainable livelihood opportunities for youth and women and Employment and decent work mainstreamed into national development plans and programmes -Cluster evaluation Lesson 1: The need for adaptative and responsive project design is important. The More and better jobs created for sustainable livelihood project was very responsive to the changing environment in the implementation. It heavily relied on approaches that were suitable to the implementing organisation/institution. Secondly, the project also had a built-in mechanism that allowed implementing organisation to propose changes in the activities and an approval process for such changes and implementing partners reported having proposed changes to their initial activities considered.
  The COVID 19 changed the environment in which the project was being implemented and due to the adaptable nature of the project, new ways of interfacing with partners during the partial lockdown.
  
  Other programmes were moved on radio programmes and added to these were awareness creation on covid 19. The virtual platform became an obvious option for working especially with partners though it was challenging to extend this working model to the target beneficiaries/communities who had limitations in access to the technology, tools and sometimes network limitations.
  The adaptiveness and responsiveness of the project allowed for spending on Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs), printing of communication materials and supporting the sensitization of partners and beneficiaries on the pandemic. These were all aimed at safeguarding the lives of the people. The project was able to respond favourably to the emerging but unexpected needs and changes in the working environment.
• More and better jobs created for sustainable livelihood opportunities for youth and women and Employment and decent work mainstreamed into national development plans and programmes -Cluster evaluation Lesson 2: Public Private Partnerships have a possibility for a cost effective and sustainable way for facilitating formalisation of informal enterprises and introducing high-cost interventions that provide job rich ventures. The PPP model presents a cost-effective model of introducing a technology, implementing a high-cost project and even scaling up working interventions for expanded reach since it comes with shared costs, risks, expertise and responsibilities among involved parties. The labour-intensive road construction technology showcased very well how this model could be a tool for such and similar interventions. The project demonstrated a successful PPP model on the introduction of the labour-intensive road technology (cobble stone) in Mazabuka. The buy in from different parties was influenced by the assumed value each part was likely to accrue from a successful implementation of a project. In Zimbabwe, the PPP arrangement was based on the merging interests of parties and the commercial returns the enterprise had for the private partner. For the public sector, the ability to scalability of the model and their ability to gain increased returns from such developments strengthened their resolve in the partnership. The PPP arrangement for the Lubombo Road construction in Mazabuka where the cobble stone technology was done ideally demonstrated value for all the stakeholders that were part of the arrangement. For instance, Zambia Sugar has the corporate social responsibility to the community and at the same time uses part of this road for sugarcane haulage and the local municipal council is the government department with the constitutional mandate to maintain local road networks of this nature. ILO as a social partners facilitated and supported the functioning of the PPP with an interest of supporting government with initiatives to promote skills development and employment creation especially for young men and women.
• Decent Work in Garment Supply Chains in Asia - Final evaluation The regional approach in the project design resulted in less attention for the individual country contexts whereby the ownership of the national tripartite constituents was not sufficiently enhanced.
• Decent Work in Garment Supply Chains in Asia - Final evaluation For a project to run smoothly with consistent operational procedures, the lines of accountability have to be clear and consistent whereby in particular the Outcome Leads need to be accountable to the Project Manager.
• An integrated and universal social protection linked to Social Protection in South Africa developmental social welfare services in South Africa - Final joint evaluation Rolling out social insurance to the informal sector needs the engagement of the insurance sector and informal sector associations as they are players in the informal sector who can afford to pay contributory social insurance.
• An integrated and universal social protection linked to Social Protection in South Africa developmental social welfare services in South Africa - Final joint evaluation Investment in the process is important, especially where solutions are contested (wicked problems). While the JP has produced valuable products, arriving at a consensus is challenged by the multiplicity of voices in social protection. Recognition of the difficulty of generating consensus positions calls for more inclusive processes that bring different voices into the same spaces for engagement. Illustrative examples include the divergent voices on the feasibility of a basic income grant, differences on approaches to addressing poverty through employment, and calls for greater focus on improving the efficiency of existing social expenditures before adding on new commitments. The various positions are not incompatible. Rather, they could constitute a package of social protection reforms.
• An integrated and universal social protection linked to Social Protection in South Africa developmental social welfare services in South Africa - Final joint evaluation Systems change interventions need to adopt realistic timelines, set outcomes, indicators and targets that are in keeping with the selected timeframes for programme interventions. Systems reform is a long-term process that requires strategic investment. Choices must be made between institutional/structural changes or a focus on policy and programme performance. While the approach espoused by the Joint SDG Fund focused on institutional/structural changes. the SPSA-JP opted for policy and programme level changes. Within the selected approach, the results achieved require further investment which calls for the allocation of new resources to consolidate on the gains.
• An integrated and universal social protection linked to Social Protection in South Africa developmental social welfare services in South Africa - Final joint evaluation Technical soundness needs to be coupled with strong process considerations and guidance to realise the potential of joint programming that includes:  Reflection on existing guidance on DaO and JPs to identify opportunities and options for strengthening operational efficiency  Operational efficiency indicators to ensure that JP partners do not operate independent of each other and/or miss the benefits that arise from JPs  Consideration of the ‘state of the art’ within thematic areas to ensure the most strategic design choices are made.
• An integrated and universal social protection linked to Social Protection in South Africa developmental social welfare services in South Africa - Final joint evaluation Independent operation of JP components runs the risk of missing opportunities to mobilise additional resources for the JP theme as agencies may focus on their separate needs to the detriment of shared interests. This is particularly critical where JPs are new and initially appear to present increased transaction costs for agencies. Efforts to strengthen joint programmes can also be negatively impacted by funding arrangements that disperse joint programme decision-making.
• Building community resilience with young people in Mayo Suburb of Khartoum through improved access to water - Final evaluation A. Project design needs to prioritise the need of targeted communities and to be achievable in a timely manner. ILO designed a four pillars project that constituted of 1) rehabilitation of 40 Hand water pumps and 3.2KM of feeder roads through EIIP methodology, capacity building of both community members and government officials, raising awareness of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) principles at construction work sites and finally, enhance Water governance in the Sudanese Government through GIS (Geographic Information System)-powered accessibility maps. Activities outlined under those pillars were diverse and could have not been achieved in a one-year project. For example, the ILO office conducted the SYIB training in the last month of the second extension period of the project, when the evaluation process was going on. B. Do-nou technology was effective mean of generating high number of job opportunities and was a low-cost intervention. However, mainstreaming the Do-nou technology in construction sits in Sudan needs to be supported by ILO. As the preference of the government offices is to use traditional way of road construction and pump rehabilitation though contractors. C. Delay in conducting the SIYB training as the training was conducted at the end of the project instead of organizing such a training immediately after the EIIP field activity, enabling the beneficiaries to start-up their own projects
• Evaluación agrupada final independiente de migración laboral en Perú y Ecuador El valor agregado de la incidencia política. Una de las mayores debilidades de los proyectos ha sido dejar en un segundo plano las acciones relacionadas con la incidencia política durante el proceso de rediseño de la intervención. La incidencia política favorece la sostenibilidad de las intervenciones, a la vez que maximiza el impacto de los logros obtenidos en las intervenciones directas con población migrante. Se debe incorporar a las instituciones públicas, y particularmente a los ministerios de trabajo, desde las fases de formulación de los proyectos, con el fin de garantizar un efectivo fortalecimiento institucional y promover que logren ejercer sus competencias en materia migratoria.
• Evaluación agrupada final independiente de migración laboral en Perú y Ecuador Participación de las organizaciones de empleadores y trabajadores. La formación por competencias y la adecuación a las necesidades del mercado de trabajo requiere de una participación más directa y diferenciada de las organizaciones de empleadores y trabajadores en los territorios donde se lleva a cabo la formación profesional. El uso de los hallazgos de estudios previos sobre el mercado de trabajo y las rutas de empleabilidad, requieren ser complementados con una participación más directa para la identificación de necesidades sobre los perfiles y demandas del mercado laboral.
• Evaluación agrupada final independiente de migración laboral en Perú y Ecuador Necesidad de incluir de una estrategia de género de forma transversal. En los proyectos se ha constatado la falta de una formulación e implementación real del enfoque de género, por las que mitigar las barreras que impiden el acceso igualitario a la empleabilidad y la generación de ingresos entre hombres y mujeres. Si bien se ha podido constatar el fomento de la participación mayoritaria de mujeres o la formación en la metodología GET Ahead, estas actuaciones han sido en la mayoría de casos ciegas u orientadas parcialmente al género, carecientes de un enfoque transformador de las relaciones de género.
• Data Analysis to Observe Success (DATOS) - Final evaluation Importancia estratégica, vinculación y asesoramiento técnico de la OIT. Proyectos de carácter estratégico para los constituyentes deberían ser revisados por un grupo multidisciplinario de la OIT antes de ser vinculados con oficinas encargadas del seguimiento, monitoreo y de brindar apoyo técnico. Esto permitiría canalizar un efectivo asesoramiento desde el área de conocimiento requerida, garantizando que las decisiones estratégicas sean consensuadas, el apoyo técnico tenga carácter prospectivo y el control de calidad esté asegurado. En estos casos no es aconsejable dejar esta decisión a la capacidad de respuesta de las diferentes oficinas. (C1, C4, R1, R3)
• Data Analysis to Observe Success (DATOS) - Final evaluation Calidad, utilidad y pertinencia de los datos. Un proyecto destinado a generar datos, debe ser enfático con la calidad y utilidad del dato. En situaciones donde no existen parámetros científicamente definidos, es necesario asegurar la pertinencia de un indicador, posibilitar acuerdos acerca de su sentido y contenido, la posibilidad real de calcularlo y realizar pruebas de campo antes de pasar a la siguiente fase. (C2, C4, C5, C6, R2)
• Data Analysis to Observe Success (DATOS) - Final evaluation Expectativas y alcance. Ante restricciones de tiempo y recursos, es necesario moderar las expectativas sobre el alcance de los productos y definir los niveles de decisión. Un proyecto destinado a desarrollar indicadores para medir un proceso de alcance nacional y federal debe buscar la utilidad de los datos, sin descuidar la viabilidad para poder obtenerlos durante el tiempo de vida del proyecto. Por otra parte, un proyecto de importancia estratégica para los donantes y para la OIT, debería asegurar que existan espacios para revisar la TdC y realizar los ajustes con el concurso de todos los actores involucrados. (C2, C3, C4, R1, BP1)
• Data Analysis to Observe Success (DATOS) - Final evaluation Apropiación y sostenibilidad. El trabajar con una contraparte conformada por un equipo horizontal de diferentes profesionales técnicos con visiones heterogéneas puede enriquecer la apropiación del producto final, pero conlleva el riesgo de no poder cumplir con las expectativas y comprometer la calidad y utilidad del producto. (C3, C6, C7, R1, BP1)
• Data Analysis to Observe Success (DATOS) - Final evaluation Controles de calidad en cada eslabón de la cadena de resultados.. En proyectos donde la cadena de resultados muestra alta dependencia entre los diferentes eslabones, es necesario establecer controles de calidad intermedios, que permitan asegurar la pertinencia de los resultados intermedios y finales. (C4, C5, R1, R3)
• Mitigando el impacto socioeconómico del COVID-19 sobre el empleo y los ingresos de mujeres trabajadoras por cuenta propia de la economía informal en Bolivia – Evaluación Conjunta Final Independiente LA4. Las estrategias de divulgación y convocatoria a programas de formación utilizado RRSS y con criterio de la autoselección, pueden derivar en grupos de beneficiarios con perfiles socioeconómicos y educativos muy heterogéneos, y expectativas muy diversas. No siempre es posible aplicar estrategias dirigidas o focalizadas en una población definida en una sola o en un número delimitado de áreas geográficas, o bien en una población con perfiles socio demográficos muy definidos. En los casos en donde debe recurrirse a medios virtuales de uso masivo, como RRSS de acceso público, se pierda el control sobre la estrategia y se aumenta la dispersión de los potenciales beneficiarios.
• Mitigando el impacto socioeconómico del COVID-19 sobre el empleo y los ingresos de mujeres trabajadoras por cuenta propia de la economía informal en Bolivia – Evaluación Conjunta Final Independiente LA1. Una inclusión digital efectiva requiere diseñar intervenciones ajustadas a los diferentes perfiles y condiciones de los grupos meta.Cuando se tienen grupos de participantes con características heterogéneas es importante realizar un análisis de las necesidades, condiciones de uso y apropiación de los grupos meta para adaptar la oferta formativa a los perfiles de las personas, y así prever los obstáculos y limitaciones que se podrían presentar en el proceso de aprendizaje y en la comunicación.
• Mitigando el impacto socioeconómico del COVID-19 sobre el empleo y los ingresos de mujeres trabajadoras por cuenta propia de la economía informal en Bolivia – Evaluación Conjunta Final Independiente LA2. El desarrollo de plataformas virtuales y portales para formación son herramientas y no fines en sí mismos, por lo que requieren estrategias y recursos humanos para su mantenimiento y sostenibilidad. Todo sitio web o plataforma virtual que brinda un servicio debe contar con el personal que actualice y proporcione en forma permanente el contenido y promueva su utilización. En el caso de una herramienta que tiene el propósito de brindar capacitación, el soporte es aún más importante cuando se trata de inclusión digital, puesto que las personas que están en búsqueda de capacitación no dominan los temas ni la tecnología, por tanto requieren orientación. En el caso de la plataforma Despega tu negocio, los espacios presenciales era muy importantes para las personas que tenían un nivel muy bajo de conocimiento en el uso de la tecnología El autoaprendizaje puede ser una modalidad para un segmento de la población que tiene cierto nivel de conocimiento y familiaridad con las TICs, pero para determinadas personas, por ejemplo, las de mayor edad, es una barrera difícil de franquear. Por tanto, los medios tradicionales eran necesarios para evitar las exclusiones.
• Mitigando el impacto socioeconómico del COVID-19 sobre el empleo y los ingresos de mujeres trabajadoras por cuenta propia de la economía informal en Bolivia – Evaluación Conjunta Final Independiente LA3. La estandarización de criterios para el registro de datos de las personas beneficiarias, así como los mecanismos de verificación y validación de los mismos, es fundamental para los procesos de monitoreo y evaluación. Incluir en el formato de registro de información una variable para identificar el tipo de asistente a la actividad, así como realizar el adecuado proceso control de calidad de los datos permite filtrar la información y contar con registros más confiables y precisos de la población beneficiaria.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Ethiopia Report - Final Evaluation Process matters and is context specific. Striking a balance between the development of project concepts at HQ and their elaboration at the field level is tricky, but for the project under review, the multi-country integrated approach did not work particularly well in the Ethiopian context. By way of example, the time allocated to the project was insufficient given what it took to bring national partners fully on board, and the time that MoFED needed to prepare detailed comments on the NEPS background paper. Nuances in the perception of this project as HQ-driven could be picked up from what national partners shared, but it was also clear that ILO SRO did everything they could to ensure partners' views were integrated to the extent possible in the project's adaptation.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Ethiopia Report - Final Evaluation Decentralizing project management fully will enhance field execution. Delays with disbursements, not knowing what funding was available against what had been spent, not being able to respond to requests from MoFED for the project's financial data10 and having to respond to partners that approval had to be obtained from ILO Geneva for any activity or spending adjustment - these constraints were repeated in meetings that the mission had both with ILO SRO and with national partners. Indications from MoLSA were that ILO Geneva has been lobbied extensively to increase the SRO¿s capacity. A skills assessment might be a first step for ILO HQ to identify gaps and build on existing strengths within the SRO.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Ethiopia Report - Final Evaluation The aid environment in Ethiopia lends itself to wider partnerships at country level; but social dialogue and tripartism could be a more visible part of broader policy-making processes. ILO has now established a good working relationship with MoFED, an important milestone given the Ministry's centrality to PASDEP implementation. An elaborate dialogue structure is in place to regularly review progress, and includes an annual High Level Forum between senior level representatives of federal government ministries and major donors, as well as technical working groups who meet more regularly around the PASDEP pillars and cross-cutting issues. The UN System has also developed working groups around UNDAF joint programmes, and established a linkage (through lead agencies for various themes) between discussions happening in the latter forums and discussions going on at the broader PASDEP level.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Ethiopia Report - Final Evaluation From stand-alone projects that pilot approaches to country programmes linked to sector-wide activity. MOFED's Guidelines for the Preparation of Public Sector Projects, points out that "stand-alone projects have limited impact on the ground and prohibit governments from taking the driver's seat. Project-based support is perceived as having little impact on policies and constraining coordination between development stakeholders. Project aid is therefore criticized for bypassing government systems and imposing transaction costs to the recipient government."
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Ethiopia Report - Final Evaluation It is clear to a range of national partners that the natural progression of ILO support is now towards integrated support across a number of sectors, addressing employment challenges more holistically and linking impact to growth and poverty reduction more broadly. This is in fact how the ILO is moving forward, with the development of a DWCP for Ethiopia. What is critical is for key sectors and policy areas to be identified for focused, long-term support and for a donor such as SIDA to commit resources for an extended period of time, e.g. for the remaining years of the current PASDEP, with a view to continuing support in the next phase of the PASDEP. This would be the same timing that the UNDAF is aligned to. Focused support on a minimum number of sectors that either have a high growth and job creation potential, or in which a large number of working poor (particularly women) are currently earning a livelihood is sound. The provisional DWCP has taken this approach, and will certainly benefit from the work done in the Pro-Poor Project.
• Support to Implementation of National Action Plan on the Labour Sector of Bangladesh – Decent Work For All - Final evaluation Key Lesson 1: To enhance the M&E process, regular updates on the progress of legislative amendments, consultations, and ratifications should be documented and communicated transparently to all relevant stakeholders. In addition, feedback mechanisms should be established to incorporate constituents' input and adapt strategies as needed. Progress towards outcomes is critical. Too often on ILo projects the focus is on activities and outputs and outcomes are only provided minimal attention. It is important for large investments particularly around labour laws to have a defined end point that can be assessed and to have regular updates and assessments of progress.
• Support to Implementation of National Action Plan on the Labour Sector of Bangladesh – Decent Work For All - Final evaluation Key Lesson 2: The target of passing the BLA amendment Bill by Parliament in 2023 demonstrates a clear timeline for achieving the desired outcome. The progress made until December 2022, with the bill in process and placed with the Labour Law Review Working Group, reflects a systematic approach to legislative reforms. The bill being sent back to Parliament for correction creates a window of opportunity for further alignment, which might be a strategic advantage. This period can be leveraged to address gaps and enhance the alignment with ILS. It's essential to capitalise on time effectively. Linked to Lessons Learned 1, is a need to define the time period for success. The risk is that support will be demanded for an infinite amount of time without demonstratble progress and/or achievement.
• Support to Implementation of National Action Plan on the Labour Sector of Bangladesh – Decent Work For All - Final evaluation Key Lesson 3: While the results highlight the activities and topics covered, it would be beneficial to include metrics or qualitative insights on how the capacity-building initiatives have translated into improved practices or contributions from worker organisations in relevant processes. The ILO intervention tends to focus solely on training and the immediates results of training g(including satisfaction0. This is quite basic and simplistic in number. Given work with social partners has been occurring over a significant period of time, there should be an expectation that there is a greater assessment of how all the training and capacity building even ts have directly contributed to change and what these results look like.
• Advancing Social Protection in Cambodia - Midterm joint evaluation A stronger approach to Theory of Change development at the design stage would have benefited the project implementation and will still be beneficial in the remaining timeframe. The reconstructed Theory of Change should be reviewed during the second half of the project and before final evaluation.
• Governance of Labour Migration in South Asia (GOALS) - Midterm joint evaluation An inception period is particularly necessary in a complex ONE UN programme where the modes of operation and individual issues are not decided during the design phase.
• Governance of Labour Migration in South Asia (GOALS) - Midterm joint evaluation Starting the recruitment process for key positions prior to the contract being signed can help minimise delays to the start of a programme.
• Governance of Labour Migration in South Asia (GOALS) - Midterm joint evaluation Ensuring sufficient funding for national level positions is important to maximise the benefits of the elevator approach in a regional programme such as GOALS.
• Governance of Labour Migration in South Asia (GOALS) - Midterm joint evaluation Ensuring individual budget lines are limited to one PUNO as much as possible can reduce delays from administrative processes.
• Sustainable supply chains to build forward better: Decent work in five global supply chains of key importance to the European Union for a fair, resilient, and sustainable COVID-19...- Final evaluation The design, preparation and sourcing of sectoral research is time-consuming and this presents a clear risk in situations where conditions in supply rapidly change, sometimes in less than two years that it took to finalize these research projects. This can be illustrated by the field visit to Malaysia, that showed that the rubber glove boom in 2021 and 2022, at the end of 2022 is rapidly changing into a steep decline of demand, now the COVID-19 crisis is over. The deep-dive and rapid assessment reports of SSCBFBF therefore are easily and quickly outdated. A quicker and more flexible approach to produce these supply chain research reports is needed to ensure that they can feed into policy development and development of new up-to-date interventions in the respective sectors;
• Sustainable supply chains to build forward better: Decent work in five global supply chains of key importance to the European Union for a fair, resilient, and sustainable COVID-19...- Final evaluation Tackling decent work challenges in global supply chains require, in addition to national actions, also an international approach, as problems and causes for specific poor performance or incompliance with decent work principles are both national and international. ILO for SSCBFB has chosen a country-focus as a starting point for the project implementation, though a country focus alone is insufficient to address effectively key governance and management challenges in supply chains both at the upstream and downstream level
• Sustainable supply chains to build forward better: Decent work in five global supply chains of key importance to the European Union for a fair, resilient, and sustainable COVID-19...- Final evaluation The SSCBFB project duration has been insufficient to produce lasting changes at the outcome and impact level and at the level of global supply chains. While the project could generate promising perspectives for changes at the country level, a longer-term time frame, a larger budget and additional partnerships with other actors are needed to contribute to lasting chains at the international level.
• Sustainable supply chains to build forward better: Decent work in five global supply chains of key importance to the European Union for a fair, resilient, and sustainable COVID-19...- Final evaluation While the SSCBFB project in design was a response to the COVID-19 pandemic related challenges, its implementation shows that the decent work challenges tackled in the project in fact focus more on structural challenges in supply chains. While COVID-19 has had a pronounced impact on direction and speed of changes in supply chains, the structural challenges to improve decent work in specific supply chains have remained the same. A consistent approach to improve decent work in international supply chains requires a combination of working on legal frameworks and enforcement and voluntary actions.
• Inclusive Economic Recovery through Sustainable Enterprises in the Informal Economies of Fiji, Palau, Tonga, and Vanuatu - Final joint evaluation Lesson #2: It is important to have a project design based on the latest facts and figures as the project design made use of findings from the country level Rapid Assessments and UNSEIA. However, due diligence needs to be exercised to ensure that the project design does not include interventions not suitable for the local context. For example, electronic platforms were not feasible in the project.
• Inclusive Economic Recovery through Sustainable Enterprises in the Informal Economies of Fiji, Palau, Tonga, and Vanuatu - Final joint evaluation Lesson #3: Training, mentoring, and advisory services are necessary but not sufficient for MSMEs' development. Access to innovation and finance is equally important. The MSMEs, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, suffered from liquidity problems. The project would have been more effective if these were linked and properly coordinated among the project partners and implementing agencies.
• Inclusive Economic Recovery through Sustainable Enterprises in the Informal Economies of Fiji, Palau, Tonga, and Vanuatu - Final joint evaluation Lesson #1: Flexibility in project delivery is essential if and when uncertainties occur. The project quickly adapted to gathering and movement restrictions imposed during the COVID-19 outbreak or when it was expected to arrive on the shore. Also, some of the training could be offered remotely while others were delivered to trainers under the training of trainer arrangement and the trainers, in turn, trained the beneficiaries.
  However, since the target group is the informal sector, it is important to ensure that the trainers are locally recruited as possible who understand the local language and changing dynamics. Trainers engaged in the project were knowledgeable and could relate new knowledge to the participants.
  
• Accelerating action for the elimination of child labour in supply chains in Africa - Final evaluation The potential role of women in combating child labour was not optimally used, and effectiveness and impact could have been enhanced if family dynamics were better considered. The impact of the project on women could also not be measured.
• Accelerating action for the elimination of child labour in supply chains in Africa - Final evaluation While legal frameworks were strengthened and communities were empowered in their occupational health and safety, and income diversity, the impact of ACCEL-I Africa on poverty was hindered by the behaviour of intermediaries and multinational organisations.
• FAIRWAY Program - Midterm evaluation  Long term nature of change and need for a programmatic approach within ILO. In the Arab States especially, the process of kafala reform and behavioural change requires a long wind – a long term approach that requires huge patience and stamina to make a real difference. In spite of difficulties it also requires seeking to maintain points of contact and communication with Ministries of Labour, TU federations, and Recruitment Agency syndicates, though not at the cost of the ILO’ key principles around the protection of workers’ rights.
• FAIRWAY Program - Midterm evaluation  African collaboration in African-Arab States inter-regional linkages. This is the ground breaking work of the FAIRWAY programme, and is an area that needs further strengthening in the future. African countries are on a steep learning curve in respect of how to engage with Arab States to improve the conditions under which their citizens travel and work in these countries. Existing power relations are imbalanced, and Arab States are rarely committed to conditions in BLA’s that are not backed by existing legislation or regulations in the country concerned. In this respect, involving the AUC is an essential element of this work as African governments must collaborate if they wish to improve their voice and well-being of their citizens in Arab States. There is a great deal of capacity building that is required, however, within the AUC, within national governments, and amongst their consular staff in the limited number of countries where African governments do have representation in the Middle East. It is another area where the solidarity principle applies. Currently, most African states are still engaged in negotiating isolated individual BLAs with one or two Arab States. In such negotiations it is difficult for them to get agreed any meaningful level of reforms, and harder still to get the agreements implemented.
• FAIRWAY Program - Midterm evaluation  Gender approach needs rethinking and women treated as active agents of change. The importance of an agency oriented approach and how it shifts the nature of programming activities has been amply demonstrated by Work in Freedom. FAIRWAY has growing experience and understanding of the nature of the risks and vulnerabilities faced by women at different parts of the migration cycle. But a lens or framework to shape a more systemic analysis is lacking, and the addition of this will enable the programme to make its analysis of how gender issues play out at different points in the migration cycle more systemic and powerful, and aid in the search for creative opportunities. Case studies are illustrative and provide a check on the identification of issue across the cycle.
• FAIRWAY Program - Midterm evaluation • Role of the Migration Advisory Group as a forum for discussion of technical issues and review of thematic publications
• FAIRWAY Program - Midterm evaluation  Challenges of ILO’s tripartite structure and use of local civil society organisations to curate safe spaces for dialogue.
• FAIRWAY Program - Midterm evaluation  Need to streamline and rationalize budgeting processes within the African region.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development and Reconciliation Project (LEED+) - Final evaluation The Project facilitated the establishment of the chilli value chain; the growers would cultivate chillies and dry it; the dried chillies would be purchased by a private sector entity for value addition (chillies powder, chilli flakes etc.). The value chain collapsed when the market price of imported dried chillies dropped significantly below the cost of production. In order to provide evidence on the robustness of the value chain and to avoid risks, the Project should have taken into consideration the cost of production of green chillies as a part of the design of the model. This intervention contributes to Outcome # 1 of the Project wherein improvements to income for the beneficiaries are envisaged.
• Expanding the social protection system for young men and women in the informal economy - Final evaluation La efectividad de la comunicación interna entre las diferentes agencias involucradas y hacia los socios es un elemento fundamental para la consecución de los resultados. La comunicación interna permanente entre las diferentes agencias que integran el Programa, intercambiando y trabajando en la convergencia de marcos teóricos, estrategias de intervención y planificación operativa es fundamental para el logro de los objetivos del Programa. Además, una comunicación fluida y permanente con los socios, reflexionando y debatiendo sobre la relevancia y el alcance de los productos desarrollados, contribuye a un sentido de pertenencia de los productos elaborados por parte de los socios y a la apropiación de los resultados.
• Expanding the social protection system for young men and women in the informal economy - Final evaluation El diálogo social es un mecanismo necesario para la apropiación y sostenibilidad de los resultados del Programa. Identificar a todos los actores sociales que deberían estar involucrados en el diseño e implementación de una política pública y crear/fortalecer los espacios de encuentro, reflexión y debate entre las partes involucradas es un mecanismo que redundará en el logro de los objetivos trazados y en la apropiación y sostenibilidad de los resultados alcanzados.
• Expanding the social protection system for young men and women in the informal economy - Final evaluation El desarrollo de programas formativos a funcionarios públicos sobre el enfoque de género es una estrategia que debe ser valorada en programas que promuevan el desarrollo de políticas públicas sensibles al género en Ecuador. Países con una agenda pendiente en la transversalización efectiva del enfoque de género en sus políticas públicas requieren, además de la asistencia técnica para el desarrollo de estudios/mecanismos/protocolos/propuestas de política pública, programas de formación a los funcionarios públicos para que cuenten con las competencias para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de dicho enfoque en las políticas públicas.
• Expanding the social protection system for young men and women in the informal economy - Final evaluation La construcción de modelos de atención desde el nivel local del gobierno que sean prototipos para el nivel nacional requiere tomar en cuenta – al menos – los siguientes factores: la estructura del Estado; la autonomía, el poder de decisión efectivo y los recursos (humanos, de presupuesto, logísticos, entre otros) de las institucionales locales para adoptar modelos de atención alternativos; las normas técnicas y estándares establecidos a nivel nacional relativas al cuidado de los niños y niñas; los arreglos institucionales establecidos entre el nivel nacional y las instituciones locales; los mecanismos y procedimientos existentes para resolver posibles conflictos/tensiones entre las diferentes partes involucradas.
• Expanding the social protection system for young men and women in the informal economy - Final evaluation El ciclo electoral del país es un elemento clave a tomar en cuenta en Programas que buscan fortalecer políticas públicas. La experiencia del Programa revela que el ciclo electoral afecta su ejecución, la consecución de los logros y la apropiación de los resultados. En tal sentido, se requiere que los Programas que inciden en el fortalecimiento de políticas públicas desarrollen estrategias efectivas para mitigar del riesgo debido al ciclo electoral.
• Expanding the social protection system for young men and women in the informal economy - Final evaluation Diseños de Programas complejos que fortalecen políticas públicas a nivel nacional y subnacional a través de una amplia y diversa gama de resultados, productos y de instituciones involucradas, pueden afectar la ejecución del Programa (plazos y logro de metas) debido a factores externos e internos. Por el lado externo, la necesidad de establecer sólidos y permanentes niveles de coordinación con las instituciones públicas; por el lado interno, el conocimiento de los intereses y de los contextos institucionales y el relacionamiento previo de las agencias involucradas, especialmente con las instituciones públicas del nivel subnacional del gobierno.
• Expanding the social protection system for young men and women in the informal economy - Final evaluation Se requiere que el diseño y la ejecución del Programa consideren el tiempo que demandará realizar un efectivo seguimiento de los resultados. El diseño y la ejecución de Programas que inciden en el fortalecimiento de políticas públicas debe contemplar un tiempo para el seguimiento de los resultados, de esta manera, la sostenibilidad de la intervención tendrá más probabilidad de ser alcanzada. Es fundamental que los Programas cuenten con una estrategia de seguimiento de los resultados.
• Increased progress in attaining SDGs though the promotion of Decent Work and inclusive economic growth in rural and urban areas in Azerbaijan - RBSA independent evaluation RBSA is a flexible funding mechanism that is well suited to fund activities that contribute to ILO’s ongoing technical support in the country. The level of planning documentation of an RBSA intervention is quite light compared to a regular development cooperation intervention. To improve the evaluability of future RBSA interventions, it would help to have a clearly articulated theory of change with a specific set of progress indicators.
• Increased progress in attaining SDGs though the promotion of Decent Work and inclusive economic growth in rural and urban areas in Azerbaijan - RBSA independent evaluation The ILO technical support to Azerbaijan is multi-pronged and includes policy advice, capacity building and operational support. The project demonstrated that tailored operational support with a strong capacity building component, especially in the area of entrepreneurship promotion, was a most effective way to provide technical support – it was specific, targeted, aligned to the country priorities and largely apolitical. E.g., the SIYB training programme was well received and even incorporated as an entrepreneurship promotion measure by several ministries, employers’ organization and other development projects.
• South East Asia regional programme for labour migration in the fishing sector - Midterm evaluation The harmonisation of laws and operating procedures between ministries is a challenging but necessary requirement for supporting the integration of multi-ministries working on a particular area of the enforcement of workers’ rights and decent working conditions.
• South East Asia regional programme for labour migration in the fishing sector - Midterm evaluation The engagement of NGOs, CSOs and workers’ organisations remains a key tool in ensuring better response to working condition violations, improved access to justice, and the provision of better response services for survivors of trafficking.
• South East Asia regional programme for labour migration in the fishing sector - Midterm evaluation Including both countries in a migrant corridor in a programme ensures easier collaboration between stakeholders.
• South East Asia regional programme for labour migration in the fishing sector - Midterm evaluation Training of labour inspectors is not sufficient on its own. It requires political will to empower labour inspections to enforce regulations and address violations. Encouraging interaction with NGOs would be strongly recommended.
• South East Asia regional programme for labour migration in the fishing sector - Midterm evaluation Regional programmes are successful in broadening the scope of a programme and building on momentum but require sufficient resources in each country to ensure ongoing progress.
• EU-UNW-ILO Strengthening the resilience of Syrian women and girls in host communities in Iraq, Jordan and Turkey - Midterm Evaluation Strong implementing partner/s (ILO, UN Women and ASAM) having strong expertise in their fields ensure the successful implementation of the project and achievement of its objectives. Furthermore, strong communication and coordination between the implementing partners and the national and local partners ensure the relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of the project results.
• EU-UNW-ILO Strengthening the resilience of Syrian women and girls in host communities in Iraq, Jordan and Turkey - Midterm Evaluation A comprehensive needs analysis of the vulnerable Syrian refugee women, provides the strong basis for project design providing the conditions for the vulnerable Syrian women and HC will facilitate their involvement in the project. Examples include, a protected specific location, child care, and interpretation, cash assistance for transportation, governing ethical values and code of conduct, expertise and approaches of the project staff.
• EU-UNW-ILO Strengthening the resilience of Syrian women and girls in host communities in Iraq, Jordan and Turkey - Midterm Evaluation Capacity building on cooperatives and entrepreneurship is a functional approach for improving the employability of the Syrian women refugees. However, this might not be an easy process particularly when it concerns the non-Turkish citizens. Therefore, specific assistance needs to be taken for developing the institutional capacity such as the legislative aspects. Also, good practices can provide good examples to replicate. This will become evident at the end of the project.
• Tackling the Worst Forms of Child Labour amongst IDPs, Refugees, and Vulnerable Host Communities in Iraq - Final evaluation Leverage partnerships to achieve real change, greater impact and sustainability, and to more closely align to national and international development goals
• Tackling the Worst Forms of Child Labour amongst IDPs, Refugees, and Vulnerable Host Communities in Iraq - Final evaluation Child labour has important gender equality aspects which if focused on can increase impact
• Improved Business Development Support Services and Entrepreneurship Education Targeting MSMEs and Youth for the Creation of Decent Work Opportunities in Iraq - Final evaluation Conducting SYB training without linking the participants to financial institutions led only to meager results while discouraging other people to join the training. This lesson is related to outcome 1: “Iraqi/Kurdish potential entrepreneurs, start-ups and existing businesses benefit from standardized business development support services”. Potential entrepreneurs who were not supported by a loan or cash assistance displayed high frustration since they were not able to start a business despite the fact that they developed a business plan. This is discouraging other people to join SYB courses
• Improved Business Development Support Services and Entrepreneurship Education Targeting MSMEs and Youth for the Creation of Decent Work Opportunities in Iraq - Final evaluation Sustaining SIYB will be difficult without changing the culture of both trainers and end beneficiaries towards accepting to cover at least a nominal fee of the training. This is related to the evaluation questions on Sustainability: “To what extent the benefits that resulted from interventions of the programme will continue through adequate ownership, commitment, willingness displayed by key partners and other stakeholders?” “What is the likelihood the benefits that resulted from the capacity building of trainers will continue after the end of the project?”
• Projet Haute Intensité de Main d'oeuvre (HIMO) Communal (Phase II) - Annual Review The allocation of investment projects between the benefiting municipalities revealed in retrospect, a relative imbalance not only in relation with the geographical distribution of projects, but also regarding the distribution between different types of projects and their economic and social impacts.
• Project to Strengthen agricultural opportunities through training and technological investment (PROFIT) - Midterm evaluation SUBSTITUTING WHEAT FLOUR FOR BREADFRUIT FLOUR IN BREAD MAKING HAS THE POTENTIAL TO CREATE ADDED VALUE AND STIMULATE LOCAL ECONOMIC GROWTH.Research work carried out by Quisqueya University (UNIQ) has demonstrated that it is possible to successfully substitute up to 30% wheat flour with breadfruit flour in the traditional Haitian bread-making process. This very relevant news brings hope for operators who have them. The latter lose each year between 75 to 80% of their natural production of this commodity.
• Project to Strengthen agricultural opportunities through training and technological investment (PROFIT) - Midterm evaluation ADAPTATION AND STRENGTHENING OF LOCAL FACILITATION STRUCTURES AND THE STEERING COMMITTEE.The central mechanism established for the strategic management of the project (cf.: Institutional Steering Committee) is structured considering the logic of “tripartism social dialogue”; however, at the field level, although relations with the institutions are generally cordial, the evaluation reveals, at the departmental level (between the influential actors and stakeholders of the beneficiary municipalities), a certain lack of synergy.
• Project to Strengthen agricultural opportunities through training and technological investment (PROFIT) - Midterm evaluation POSSIBILITY OF DEVELOPING SYNERGY BRIDGES WITH CIVIL PROTECTION ACTORS. The traceability system set up within the framework of the project, with the support of the service provider GEONOVA, can also be used by the municipal civil protection committees in the management of emergency situations, in particular the occurrence of natural disasters.
• Cluster evaluation of eight RBSA-funded interventions with ILS focus in the Asia and Pacific Region Lesson learned 5. In the projects where P&B outcomes have been mixed, the ILS outcomes targeting core normative work did not get proper attention. The reasons for this vary and are project specific.
• Cluster evaluation of eight RBSA-funded interventions with ILS focus in the Asia and Pacific Region Lesson learned 2. Specialist personnel with substantive project delivery responsibilities present in the country benefiting from the approved RBSA funding may improve delivery.
• Cluster evaluation of eight RBSA-funded interventions with ILS focus in the Asia and Pacific Region Lesson learned 1. Ratification are not assured by ILO DC or TA support. They can arise unexpectedly, completely without ILO support. And they are not likely to arise without reminder of the possibility. It is good practice for the Office to nudge and remind its constituents of ratification possibilities.
• Cluster evaluation of eight RBSA-funded interventions with ILS focus in the Asia and Pacific Region Lesson learned 3. Experiences noted here show that DW-focused – not ILS specialised – DC can do core normative work and contribute results. This is an important and good practice. It should be promoted and supported. Such work is sometimes done with little or no support from ILS Specialists. ILS Specialists also backstop and provide quality assurance support to such projects’ activities. This should also be supported and best prioritised within their workplans over their support to non-core normative work.
• Cluster evaluation of eight RBSA-funded interventions with ILS focus in the Asia and Pacific Region Lesson learned 4. Any hesitancy among donors noted by key informants to fund “ILS work” is in fact probably a hesitancy to fund core normative work. RBSA funds should thus be made available particularly to do core normative work. The low costs of doing such work, particularly integrative normative work (ratification promotion), and the unexpectedness with which the need for such work often arises, suggests that funding for full-blown RBSA projects may not be warranted. A more flexible modality should be available to country offices to have the needed financial resources to do this type of work on short notice.
• Cluster evaluation of eight RBSA-funded interventions with ILS focus in the Asia and Pacific Region Lesson learned 5. In the projects where P&B outcomes have been mixed, the ILS outcomes targeting core normative work did not get proper attention. The reasons for this vary and are project specific.
• Cluster evaluation of eight RBSA-funded interventions with ILS focus in the Asia and Pacific Region Lesson learned 6. The ILS focus of projects in fragile states may not be delivered upon either entirely or partially. Such projects are significant to the extent they keep the Decent Work and workers’ rights message alive in hostile environments. This is an important and worthy thing that can pay dividends if and when the winds of change blow in favour of these messages. Its absence is something to be avoided.
• Cluster evaluation of eight RBSA-funded interventions with ILS focus in the Asia and Pacific Region Lesson learned 7. RBSA “projects” often do not have a project brand. They often have the character of a resource flow enabling activities or interventions. Forcing a brand or a project logic may not be warranted and may be an inefficient use of resources. Standard CPO monitoring coupled with activity progress reporting may be sufficient for purposes otherwise served by a brand identity where such an identity would not be consistent with the logic of activities within the RBSA-funded intervention.
• Women's Employment Concerns and Working Conditions (WEC-PK) - Mid Term Evaluation Use of International Expertise: The ILO is well regarded for its international expertise on labour laws and standards. The WEC-PK project has tried to use this expertise as comprehensively as possible within the various components. For instance, the Gender expert in Delhi provided the main inputs in Component 2. The Trade Union expert provided key inputs in Component 4. The Gender Bureau in Geneva was very effective in putting together the Gender Audit Training for both NCSW and GRAP Punjab. The learnings from the project are conversely meant to feed into the Gender Bureau and among the regional gender experts globally.
• Women's Employment Concerns and Working Conditions (WEC-PK) - Mid Term Evaluation Valuable Resource Development: The project has developed a valuable local resource base for working women's concerns in the form of training modules, resource persons and promotional material, via the project partners, that would, quite expectedly, contribute to the project's impact beyond the project life. These resources have also been very valuable for target audiences, especially from the government sector, who normally would not have access to material. Several of the training inputs in Component 1 have been put to good use for the future, by being incorporated in existing regular programmes as permanent modules. This includes the Civil Services Academy, Secretariat Training Institutes (STIs) and NIPAs. A consolidated report of the feedback of these trainings carried out by WEC-PK, illustrates that majority of the participants were very satisfied with both the content and methodology of the training, as well as by the quality of the resource persons.
• Women's Employment Concerns and Working Conditions (WEC-PK) - Mid Term Evaluation Organizational Partnership: This has been the first partnership between CIDA and ILO. Vis-à-vis CIDA, the WEC-PK project has earned ILO a valued position in CIDA's gender programme and has created a model of partnership between a bilateral and multilateral international agency that both can build upon further.
• Women's Employment Concerns and Working Conditions (WEC-PK) - Mid Term Evaluation Diverse Partner Base and Outreach: The outreach of this project has been splendid as a wide variety of stakeholders ranging from students to trade union activists to employers to NGOs to government functionaries were approached. By and large, the geographical coverage was also even as all four provinces and AJK were targeted. The project has also successfully garnered a tripartite partnership between government, NGOs, and the private sector, including academia. It is normally rare for a pilot project of this nature to include such a diverse array of partners. The project has also been able to reach a vast number of private sector organizations as well including multinationals and foreign think tanks (e.g. Catalyst in the USA) and use their platform to increase for sensitization on women's employment issues.
• Women's Employment Concerns and Working Conditions (WEC-PK) - Mid Term Evaluation Broad Media Coverage: The project has been very active in obtaining good media coverage. Press releases of all events and activities have been adequately covered in the English and Urdu language national and regional press. Some television coverage of seminars and events have also been featured on the mainstream private satellite television channels such as GEO and ARY. This has helped to increase the visibility of the project.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation It is likely that the Project results and financial delivery will be constrained by staff-time as and when action programs come into stream. Further, CTA's current contract expires end of December 2008. These may have implications of the timely delivery. The incumbent officials have been undertaking multiple roles ranging from action program planning, designing, contracting, monitoring and validating. Staff time could be a limiting factor in the delivery of the project results. It might be worthwhile to look into outsourcing certain functions to NGOs and/or consulting firms especially for matters relating to monitoring and conducting/managing training programs.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation The evaluation team feels that ILO's technical assistance, particularly in relation to CTA's services, ought to continue for a period of six months in light of the fact that the concept of LED is just beginning to crystallize and there is still a need to take it to a strategic level. However, efforts over the next six months should also focus on transferring management responsibilities both within the team and to the relevant local partners. In this regard, possibilities of "funds flow" through District Development Fund (DDF) should also be explored.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation The institutional modality that has been adopted to operationalize the concept of local economic development (LED) is the "LED Forum" convened by the chair of the DDC and with members comprising of representatives from government line agencies, private sector and civil society organizations. The Forum lends an environment for public-private-civi society partnership for economic growth and employment creation.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation The Forum until the present time has been "project-led" and the decisions made therein are left to the Project to be executed. Although the concept of LED and the relevance of LED Forum have been deemed to be relevant and effective, care must be taken to ensure that the LED Forum does not evolve to become an executing body. How the LED Forum ought to evolve in the future in terms of its structure, scope of work and management is to be further explored.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation The evaluation team felt that there was a need to have a common understanding amongst the project team members of the underlying focus of the project, and also assess how the activities and actions programs lead to the project's objectives and goals.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation The Project started effectively from September 2007 subsequent to the government approval and recruitment of District Project Managers. The inception phase originally stipulated to be of 3 month period dragged until April 2008. The delay is understandable. This is attributable to the political upheavals including strikes and lockouts in large parts of the country. The eastern Tarai including Janakpur was additionally affected by conflicts between the government and armed rebels.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation There is a need to adjust and tighten the Logical Framework of the Project so that the outputs and activities relate better to growth/private sector development and creation of decent jobs. Such readjustments would result in different outputs that are strategically linked to achieve the development objectives. This would enhance greater effectiveness and lead to undertaking of action programs that are strategically linked. At the time of the evaluation, CTA and his team were in the process of defining the amendments to be made in the logical framework.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation Studies are also needed to assess how the core values of ILO such as decent job, social protection and gender may be further mainstreamed.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation The Project is one of its kind both in Ramechhap and Dhanusha that is seeking to contribute to economic growth and employment generation by supporting (i) private sector development in strategic areas of competitive advantages and (ii) associated infrastructures. The district stakeholders (LDO, Chamber of Commerce, government line agencies heads) whom the Evaluation Team interviewed confirmed that the Project has been adding value by instilling "economic planning and management" dimensions and in helping create an environment for public-private-civil society partnership. Further, the evaluation confirms that the project has the possibility of minimizing the current negative impact of the global financial crisis at local level by creating local employment. This approach could be a viable model for local economic growth and poverty reduction, and thus, worthy of an upscale.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation There is a need for the Project to have a communication strategy that enables the project to reach out to different audience groups such as the general public, stakeholders, other development partners, Country Office, etc. The type and nature of information and the modality for disseminating these information vary according to the target groups. The strategy would also facilitate feedbacks to the project.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation Certain project management issues need to be further studied and addressed: a) Delegation of authority from Country Office to CTA and onward to Program Managers and below on areas such as program funding approval, travel approval, leave approval, petty cash handling; b) The capacity of its local partners and team; c) Staff training; d) Internal communication (within the project and upward with the Country Office); Excessive delays in processing of payments.
• Employment creation and peace building based on local economic development in Nepal - Mid Term Evaluation The Project's substantive work on the ground started from May 2008 after the completion of the Inception Phase (which concentrated on office establishment, technical studies, formation of LED Forums and defining of priority action programs). The Project now has a substantial number of approved and soon-to-be-approved action projects in its portfolio and will operate at full steam. The time has come to put the actions programs into work and deliver substantive results. The funds are more or less fully programmed and earmarked. The project funding level should be at least maintained.
• Extending Social Protection to Herders with Enhanced Shock Responsiveness in Mongolia - Joint final evaluation PUNOs tend to operate as individual agencies rather than one entity, however, each PUNO brings its unique expertise to achieve the relevant JP objectives successfully. The partners (national, local government, social partners, beneficiaries) were not informed of the other components of UNJP and were only aware of the components that they were involved. However, within the “herders’ social and insurance coverage” component, the local partnership applied successfully to UNJP, the local contracted institutions teamed up to conduct an advocacy for herders about benefits of the social insurance. It contributed immensely for the partnership building at the soum level.
• Cerrando brechas: protección social para las mujeres en México – Evaluación final LA.1 Los tiempos de la política son diferentes a los de la programación. Aunque se involucró a actores que conocen los procesos de la gestión pública y se hicieron estimaciones sobre los plazos que llevaría lograr la implementación de las políticas impulsadas, con o sin pandemia, es claro que implementarlas depende de decisiones políticas que escapan a cualquier ejercicio de programación. El desarrollo de políticas públicas comprende etapas cuyo plazo no es posible determinar a priori, pues dependen del grado en el que han sido legitimadas, lo cual determina los tiempos en que podrán ser implementadas y posteriormente institucionalizadas. A su vez, los procesos de legitimación de políticas públicas requieren de acompañamiento e incidencia política sostenidos y de la construcción de una base social sólida que haga exigibles las políticas impulsadas.
• Cerrando brechas: protección social para las mujeres en México – Evaluación final LA.2 El diálogo político soportado en evidencia como estrategia efectiva. El desarrollo del Programa muestra las bondades del diálogo político sustentado en evidencia para alcanzar la apropiación y sostenibilidad de resultados, y como elemento clave para la legitimación de las políticas impulsadas.
• Cerrando brechas: protección social para las mujeres en México – Evaluación final LA.3 La interagencialidad en una intervención necesita construirse, no es un punto de partida sino de llegada. La interagencialidad necesita construirse a partir de la capacidad de las agencias para converger en conceptos, enfoques, metodologías de trabajo, estrategias. Es necesario establecer una organización y mecanismos de trabajo que permitan la convergencia así como establecer indicadores adecuados para medir y seguir su progreso. Un programa conjunto es aquel que logra integrar miradas, procesos y especialidades en la atención conjunta y transversal de un problema multidimensional, aquel que trabaja como un “frente común” y sabe comunicarlo a los diversos actores.
• Cerrando brechas: protección social para las mujeres en México – Evaluación final LA.4 La apropiación y la sostenibilidad de una intervención deben trabajarse tomando en cuenta los distintos niveles de la gestión y de toma de decisiones en las instituciones socias con competencias en la protección social. Si bien concentrarse en los mandos técnicos es clave, lo es también trabajar la apropiación en los mandos de dirección al más alto nivel.
• Cerrando brechas: protección social para las mujeres en México – Evaluación final LA.5 Trabajar sostenibilidad con quienes se quedan en el territorio. Siendo la inestabilidad política y la alta rotación del personal en las instancias socias una de las características de la gestión del Estado, es necesario diseñar estrategias para enfrentar esta limitación para asegurar la continuidad de los resultados alcanzados. El trabajo directo con las organizaciones de los grupos destinatarios, con las comunidades y la sociedad civil, es la mejor estrategia para asegurar sostenibilidad. En el caso de OIT se debe realizar de manera tripartita.
• Cerrando brechas: protección social para las mujeres en México – Evaluación final LA.6 Contar con una estrategia conjunta y explicita para incorporar el enfoque de género en forma transversal entre los componentes de una intervención contribuye a lograr mejores resultados. Una estrategia conjunta de género en el Programa habría permitido que se atendiera de forma transversal las necesidades comunes a ambos grupos meta (personas trabajadoras del hogar y jornaleras agrícolas) en el tema de los cuidados y en las distintas políticas y estrategias elaboradas e impulsadas desde el Programa, en donde los cuidados para el ámbito rural son materia pendiente. Asimismo, en la inspección del trabajo, habría permitido que esta se hiciera con un enfoque de género y que se aplicara también a las jornaleras agrícolas. También hubiera permitido que los actores colaboradores contaran con orientaciones específicas o capacitaciones respecto al tratamiento de enfoques transversales como el de género e interseccionalidad en el marco del Programa y su diseño.
• Inclusive Growth, Social Protection and Jobs Programme: An ILO-IRISH-Aid Partnership Programme 2016-2021 - Midterm evaluation In keeping together a programme with implementation in several countries (even if not large in terms of funding) it is important that due attention is given to structural issues, oversight and including management/leadership issues. Even though a programme is officially decentralised, it is here understood that the ultimate responsibilities for the implementation lie with the HQs. In the case of this programme, it makes a lot of sense as the implementation of the Global Component (a sub-component to the programme) is placed at Headquarters – even though the CTA for this component is responsible for the component only, not the whole programme. Working together, as with the UNJP-SP actors has been worthwhile and has added to cost-efficiency and should be encouraged – even though this raises some difficulties in assessing and attributing achievements to the specific activities of the programme under evaluation.
• Inclusive Growth, Social Protection and Jobs Programme: An ILO-IRISH-Aid Partnership Programme 2016-2021 - Midterm evaluation Regarding funds transfer from the donor agency, clarity in the requirements for the fund allocations should be made very clear to project managers when recruited to implement the projects – and realism has to be applied by the ILO in terms of acknowledging that poor delivery - especially the first year/s - is a very common feature in project environments. During the implementation, communication between the budget holder (in the case of the regional SP project this is in Lusaka) and regional project staff regarding fund allocation to the other sub-projects and decisions on priorities should be clear and timely to avoid misunderstanding and frustration.
• Inclusive Growth, Social Protection and Jobs Programme: An ILO-IRISH-Aid Partnership Programme 2016-2021 - Midterm evaluation It is fully understood and appreciated that the decision to have the new partnership have a double SOCPRO-EIP focus was taken in full consultation with the donor. However, it should be noted for the record in this evaluation report, that the previous SP programme evaluation´s recommendations (the regional SP project) stated that “the ILO should recognise the achievements of the project in terms of advancing social protection floors through a regional approach, and should think carefully about diluting that focus in the next phase through the broadening of geographical coverage and the introduction of a secondary objective on EIIPs”. Despite these “red flags” the ILO-Irish Aid partnership included the new EIIP component in Tanzania and added a country from another continent, Vietnam, to the earlier regional experience. The risks of going this direction (expansion) and the evaluation´s recommendation could have been mentioned or discussed in the new Prodoc.
• Inclusive Growth, Social Protection and Jobs Programme: An ILO-IRISH-Aid Partnership Programme 2016-2021 - Midterm evaluation The Tanzania EIIP component has been operated as a one-person project until recently. For the EIIP - with the kind of responsibility assigned to it - this was not an adequate staff set up and there should have been a minimum of two technical project staff in the team.
• Towards a more inclusive economy through immediate job generation and enterprise development in Jordan - Final evaluation Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programmes as implemented in the project “Towards a more inclusive economy through immediate job generation and enterprise development in Jordan. Using a theory based approach increases the likelihood of positive outcomes. Most performance difficulties were influenced by deficiencies in the Logical Framework and Risk model. In particular, the framework does not describe the causal pathways within the project, particularly between Outputs and Outcomes, nor provide the means for Outcome achievement. Project performance was negatively affected precisely where there was a break in the Output to Outcome pathway. For example, the negative causality between insufficient worker training and the delivery of sub-standard infrastructure meant that municipal priorities were not met, affecting the credibility of the model. Also, graduate workers did not have skill to enhance their labour market access. The project’s Logical Framework and performance reporting did not capture these outcomes, as they did not include infrastructure. A theory-based approach enhances the ILO’s understanding of causal relationships between project elements, and how they should be designed, resourced and monitored. It can particularly focus on the relationships within the project, and what is needed to ensure that ILO-delivered Outputs become stakeholder Outcomes.
• Towards a more inclusive economy through immediate job generation and enterprise development in Jordan - Final evaluation Short-term job creation for the delivery of green infrastructure generates a broad set of goods: an economic and capacity development good for the workers; an economic and social stabilisation good for the community; a set of public and political goods for Municipal and Government of Jordan stakeholders. Each of these goods, and the synergies between them, need to be understood and described in the value proposition to stakeholders. Currently, the ILO’s approach focuses on employment creation, with inclusion and social stability. In contrast, the priority of Municipal stakeholders appears to be the delivery of quality infrastructure, for which they are accountable to the communities. These priorities are not exclusive. However, the combined value of project goods needs to be sufficient to offset any perception that labour intensive infrastructure development is cost inefficient. Critically, the quality and durability of the infrastructure delivered must meet the relevant standard, or it ceases to have value as a public good. Providing adequate training for workers is a critical factor contributing to quality.
• Reforço das capacidades das organizações de empregadores e dos trabalhadores para uma maior participação nas politicas publicas e de trabalho em São Tomé e Príncipe - Avaliação Final Independente Les interventions visant à renforcer les capacités des partenaires sociaux qui embrassent simultanément d'autres lignes de travail, comme ce fut le cas avec le projet RBSA-STP, demandent une analyse minutieuse de la façon dont il convient d’articuler les différentes lignes autour de l'objectif principal de servir à ce renforcement. Il est nécessaire qu’il y ait une stratégie explicite pour que les partenaires sociaux se bénéficient à travers des travaux qui sont développés dans chacune de ces lignes.
• Reforço das capacidades das organizações de empregadores e dos trabalhadores para uma maior participação nas politicas publicas e de trabalho em São Tomé e Príncipe - Avaliação Final Independente L'inclusion de plusieurs lignes thématiques dans les projets RBSA, qui disposent d'un temps et de ressources limités, peut trop fragmenter l'orientation de l'intervention et conduire à une utilisation inefficace de ces ressources
• Reforço das capacidades das organizações de empregadores e dos trabalhadores para uma maior participação nas politicas publicas e de trabalho em São Tomé e Príncipe - Avaliação Final Independente Une mesure ajustée des résultats et des impacts du projet demande la définition d'indicateurs spécifiques dans le cadre de résultats. L'utilisation des indicateurs du cadre stratégique de l’OIT pour le pays (P&B) ne permet pas une évaluation précise des effets et des transformations engendrés par le projet.
• Transforming national dialogue for the development of an inclusive national SP system for Lebanon - Final joint evaluation If PUNOs don’t wait till the end of the process to start political process and embrace ‘endorsement layer by layer’ approach, then the process to negotiate the final product for approval is smoother.
• Transforming national dialogue for the development of an inclusive national SP system for Lebanon - Final joint evaluation If the power of good communication by listening and giving significance well understood and implemented by the PUNOs, then national partners engage in a more meaningful way .
• Transforming national dialogue for the development of an inclusive national SP system for Lebanon - Final joint evaluation If the importance of educating and raising awareness of people understood and implemented by the PUNOs, then additional pressure implemented towards duty bearers to act upon expectations.
• Transforming national dialogue for the development of an inclusive national SP system for Lebanon - Final joint evaluation If inviting representatives from various agencies come with more detailed request of the expertise and role that is expected from those representatives, then right people designated and therefore, meaningful discussions could be implemented.
• Transforming national dialogue for the development of an inclusive national SP system for Lebanon - Final joint evaluation If UN is prepared to act as one and is led/represented by the RC, the bargaining power of the PUNOs increased
• Gobernabilidad de las migraciones mejorada en Colombia para promover empleos y trabajo decente - Evaluacion final De acuerdo con el diseño del proyecto, los programas de atención directa a la población beneficiaria final tenían el propósito de ser intervenciones piloto para extraer lecciones aprendidas, buenas prácticas y recomendaciones que pudieran ser replicables en otros territorios o por parte de otras organizaciones. Por las condiciones en que se formularon e implementaron las experiencias (corta duración, contexto del Covid-19 y sus efectos socioeconómicos, subsidios adicionales), se abren interrogantes sobre las condiciones y potencial para la aplicabilidad y replicabilidad, especialmente por los costos que implicaron en la práctica la implementación de los modelos.
• Gobernabilidad de las migraciones mejorada en Colombia para promover empleos y trabajo decente - Evaluacion final La modalidad de financiamiento con fondos RBSA permite direccionar los recursos hacia áreas estratégicas en las cuales la organización no había logrado incursionar por falta de recursos asignados explícitamente para ello, de ahí su importancia. Cuando el diseño del proyecto es muy general, y no se cuenta con un marco estratégico, una hoja de ruta de mediano o largo plazo, ni con una teoría de cambio o marco lógico explícitos, el equipo ejecutor puede encontrar dificultades para implementar el proyecto, pues no tendrá claridad sobre el enfoque institucional que debe asumir.
• Gobernabilidad de las migraciones mejorada en Colombia para promover empleos y trabajo decente - Evaluacion final Para garantizar la eficacia de la gestión de las intervenciones RBSA, es necesario adoptar un enfoque de GBR, lo que implica mejorar el diseño del proyecto incorporando el enfoque de teoría de cambio y cadena de resultados -sin perder la flexibilidad del uso de los recursos-; un sistema de M&E con indicadores de resultados; mecanismos claramente definidos de coordinación y supervisión (un back stopping); entre otros.
• Gobernabilidad de las migraciones mejorada en Colombia para promover empleos y trabajo decente - Evaluacion final Lograr una efectiva transversalización del enfoque de género interseccional, es necesario establecer criterios y lineamientos estandarizados para su aplicación en la todas las actividades de la intervención, incluyendo la integración de los mismos en los términos de referencia de las contrataciones. Para garantizar su cumplimiento, se requiere un sistema de M&E con indicadores género sensitivos, que permita dar seguimiento a su aplicación en las diferentes etapas del ciclo de vida del proyecto.
• Gobernabilidad de las migraciones mejorada en Colombia para promover empleos y trabajo decente - Evaluacion final Las acciones de comunicación solo son efectivas y sostenibles si se desarrollan como parte de intervenciones más integrales. En este sentido, para garantizar que los productos o piezas de comunicación sean utilizados una vez que el proyecto finaliza, deben concebirse desde el inicio de la intervención como un componente integral de la estrategia de comunicación de aquellas instituciones u organizaciones socias que utilizarán los materiales, ya sea como parte de sus procesos de capacitación o formación, campañas de sensibilización o información, entre otros.
• Gobernabilidad de las migraciones mejorada en Colombia para promover empleos y trabajo decente - Evaluacion final El teletrabajo y la adopción de modalidades virtuales fueron dos de las estrategias predominantes ante la crisis generada por la pandemia para resguardar la seguridad física y la salud de las personas, sin interrumpir las operaciones.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) programme, Phase III - Midterm evaluation In some countries, there is an expectation that SME training will lead to certification or accreditation of some kind for the enterprise. There are various factors that prevent SCORE from providing this service (e.g. ILO policy; the cost of maintaining a robust accreditation system). However, there is a growing trend for emerging economies to pay attention to standardisation and accreditation of training (e.g. Indonesia), and the potential impact of this on SCORE Training’s sustainability needs to be considered. Recognising this issue as an opportunity and a barrier is something that should be included in any future programme design, and where it is already an issue there is an opportunity for country and SCORE Global management to propose options to address it during the remainder of Phase III (e.g. collaboration with ISO or national accreditation bodies). This would contribute to SCORE Training’s sustainability, and equally address an issue that is likely to reoccur in other enterprise training initiatives.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) programme, Phase III - Midterm evaluation SCORE training is a well-regarded and to a degree innovative method, well-suited to the needs of smaller SMEs (under 250 workers) and, with adaptation, to micro-enterprises as well. It provides workers and managers practical knowledge and experience to improve productivity and working conditions and increase decent work. The extent to which there is demand for the training varies considerably according to local market conditions. SMEs in the SCORE target group tend strongly to be unwilling or unable to invest in training. However, it is possible to deliver SCORE training and SCORE-influenced training on a sustainable basis (i.e. without ILO support), but not in all countries or sectors.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) programme, Phase III - Midterm evaluation SCORE highlights the importance of having a strong link between Outputs and Outcomes/Immediate Objectives and making sure these are incorporated into programme design and management. If this is not the case, then progress against Outputs can appear positive even though there are doubts as to whether the Outcome will be realized. For instance, capacitating implementation partners to engage with lead buyers (IO 2, Output 6) will not help achieve Immediate Objective 2 if the assumption that lead buyers are present in a sector or country is false. This situation can lead to an inefficient allocation of resources, either by investing in Outputs that are not adequately contributing to Outcomes, or by overlooking activities that have Outcome-level significance. A review of the contribution of Outputs to Outcomes (including the validity of assumptions) would help in the prioritization of activities in the remainder of Phase III. This would include testing the assumptions in the Phase III Project Document and the underlying assumption implicit in the Theory of Change.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) programme, Phase III - Midterm evaluation The M&E system has been revised/restructured at various stages during the programme, and the current one is intended to be more practical and accessible for implementation partners and trainers as well as SCORE management. However, it is still awkward to use, and more importantly is not delivering the kind of information that enterprises, future evaluators and implementation partners need.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) programme, Phase III - Midterm evaluation In order to mainstream gender, any gender strategy needs to be integrated into the programme design from the outset. In SCORE’s case, this would mean ensuring that the training methods (including materials) were robust from a gender perspective, and as importantly that sectors and regions were chosen based on gender criteria. Likewise, implementation partners should be capacitated in gender mainstreaming. If gender impact is not the primary goal for a programme, then its position in relation to other management and performance criteria needs to be clear (e.g. in the Project Document). For example, in selecting a sector to work with, what weight has been given to gender compared to factors such as market size, SME management capacity and prevalent working conditions? Are there trade-offs between gender and other aspects of a non-discrimination agenda (e.g. disability), and how are they addressed?
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) programme, Phase III - Midterm evaluation The SME target group is often unable to afford or do not see the benefit of SCORE Training unless there is financial support and, in some cases, even with financial support. Some SCORE national programmes and their implementation partners have been able to leverage such support, and there can be funding or other resources available because of the importance attached to SMEs by government. The lesson here is that market conditions that affect SCORE’s sustainability need to be (and can be) understood early on and taken into account in programme and product design.
• ILO’s cluster of interventions funded under RBSA round 2020-21 (improved employment opportunities COVID response focused) - Final evaluation ‘Thinking out of the box’ in forging new key partnerships is a Lesson Learned in all four interventions amidst the crisis context using the RBSA funding as leverage.
• ILO’s cluster of interventions funded under RBSA round 2020-21 (improved employment opportunities COVID response focused) - Final evaluation No-Cost Extensions are an important tool to enhance impact especially amidst a crisis context.
• More and Quality jobs are created through better policies and frameworks and strengthened labour market information systems - RBSA independent evaluation A project budget should be commensurate with the activity type. Infrastructure projects can absorb sizeable budgets and should be provided with them to maximise economies of scale and gain attention of counterparts with whom the agency is attempting to engage in policy discussions.
• More and Quality jobs are created through better policies and frameworks and strengthened labour market information systems - RBSA independent evaluation In a complex and volatile political context, it is not effective to have a short project. There is a need for sufficient time and flexibility to be built into implementation for strategies to be successful. It is not realistic to expect this to occur is a timeframe of two years.
• More and Quality jobs are created through better policies and frameworks and strengthened labour market information systems - RBSA independent evaluation Signing the NCA does not necessarily lead to the NSMP taking a strong leadership role on strategies for job creation and development in the local region.
• More and Quality jobs are created through better policies and frameworks and strengthened labour market information systems - RBSA independent evaluation To promote conflict sensitive economic development strategies supporting inter-EAO collaboration may be an effective approach.
• More and Quality jobs are created through better policies and frameworks and strengthened labour market information systems - RBSA independent evaluation On the basis of comparisons with previous projects where the ILO worked with EAOs and community members only and the RBSA project where the project team collaborated with CSOs to deliver project implementation, it was more effective to include CSOs in the project management mix as they were more enthusiastic and active participants when it came to attending meetings, actioning tasks etc.
• More and Quality jobs are created through better policies and frameworks and strengthened labour market information systems - RBSA independent evaluation Practical training that leads to cost savings and income opportunities for beneficiaries is highly valued by community members. Training of more than a few days duration may be needed to provide sufficient benefit to trainees.
• More and Quality jobs are created through better policies and frameworks and strengthened labour market information systems - RBSA independent evaluation The design of “soft” skill training courses should be specific in the outcomes it is trying to achieve to ascertain how much time and what strategies are needed to achieve outcomes.
• More and Quality jobs are created through better policies and frameworks and strengthened labour market information systems - RBSA independent evaluation The ILO should consider carefully the amount of contingency funds to be included in the sub-contracts for community contractors to ensure community contractors are not out of pocket.
• More and Quality jobs are created through better policies and frameworks and strengthened labour market information systems - RBSA independent evaluation More support and discussion around gender issues is required for gender equality to be fully absorbed by the communities. Gender equality goes against some of the local cultural practices and progress in this area and may take some time to achieve.
• Addressing the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Jordan - Final evaluation The rapid redesign process that took place right before implementation, in the absence of the design's original author, substantially reduced the scope of the project while maintaining almost the same results framework, thereby distorting the original logic and coherence of the project design, and leading to an 'over ambitious' project that lacked clarity. Any redesign process that distorts the integrity of the design's logic and coherence should be avoided in future projects.
• Addressing the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Jordan - Final evaluation The project's lack of engagement with employer representatives translated into a difficulty in working with individual farm owners and obtaining the cooperation of each in this project. This should be avoided in future project which must strive to always engage with ILO's tripartite constituents.
• Addressing the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Jordan - Final evaluation ILO's internal processes and policies led to considerable delays during project implementation and led to a significant gap between the 1st and 2nd phase of the project, which ultimately adversely affected project performance, especially given the short duration of the project. Delays should be avoided as much as possible in future projects, especially those stemming from administrative issues.
• Addressing the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Jordan - Final evaluation Changing behaviours and attitudes, or even social mobility, takes place over many years and cannot be done in a short timeframe of one year. Also, any project that seeks to commit children to education has to be at least carried out for one full academic year. Therefore, future projects working on changing beliefs, attitudes and behaviours should avoid working within a limited timeframe, and should span a period longer than one year.
• Jobs for Peace and Resilience (RBSA) - Independent evaluation RBSA projects aiming to explore, innovate and leverage are more effective with proper documentation, monitoring and evaluation, i.e. separate and detailed results frameworks and periodic reporting that also reflects on innovation and exploration.
• Jobs for Peace and Resilience (RBSA) - Independent evaluation Building partnerships in short-duration projects. In short-duration exploratory projects, it is effective to work with constituent/partner agencies on their pro-grammes and follow their system and only deviate for the few key elements where ILO or the project is sure it can add value or wants to explore and learn. Good examples are how ILO worked with DAD in the North and SEDD in the south. ILO could however have achieved more if it had been more specific about its added-value and its strategy for those partnerships
• Amélioration de la résilience des populations hôtes et de la cohésion sociale avec les réfugiés en Mauritanie - Final cluster evaluation Les situations de crise ou de pandémie peuvent être des opportunités économiques. Loin de se laisser fragiliser par l’impact négatif des mesures de distanciations consécutives à la survenue du Covid-19, le BIT a su profiter cette situation pour renforcer les capacités des couturiers et leur permettre d’avoir des ressources additionnelles.
• Amélioration de la résilience des populations hôtes et de la cohésion sociale avec les réfugiés en Mauritanie - Final cluster evaluation Délocaliser une offre de formation dans une zone dépourvue de centre de formation, d’infrastructures de formation et de production, notamment dans le camp des réfugiés de M’bera, a permis de garantir la pérennisation ainsi que d’une part la collaboration avec l’Ecole d’Enseignement Technique et de Formation Professionnelle (EETFP) de Nema et la Direction générale de la formation technique et professionnelle, et d’autres part avec la plateforme composée des 4 centres à travers un mémorandum d’entente en cours de signature, assorti d’un plan d’action annuel sur une période de 3 années. Cette action reste une innovation significative.
• Amélioration de la résilience des populations hôtes et de la cohésion sociale avec les réfugiés en Mauritanie - Final cluster evaluation Le changement de comportement introduit par le BIT avec la promotion du triple nexus Humanitaire-Développement et Consolidation de la paix. A travers le renforcement de l’autonomie et la cohésion sociale entre les 2 communautés (formation chantier-école, 3 Antennes SAI-SAE, Plateforme de formation professionnelle, infrastructures pour développement les chaines de valeur locales, piste d’accès au camp de M’bera, etc.) une étape importante est franchie pour l’autosuffisance des communautés par rapport à l’aide humanitaire
• Amélioration de la résilience des populations hôtes et de la cohésion sociale avec les réfugiés en Mauritanie - Final cluster evaluation L’intégration du genre dans les projets renforce la résilience des jeunes femmes. Les questions de genre ont été intégrées au projet lors de sa formulation et sa mise en œuvre. Cette initiative a brisé bien de tabous et de stéréotypes. Dans un environnement sociologiquement fait de préjugés sur l’emploi des femmes dans le secteur du BTP, le projet a su briser la méfiance des femmes et diversifier leur portefeuille de métier.
• Amélioration de la résilience des populations hôtes et de la cohésion sociale avec les réfugiés en Mauritanie - Final cluster evaluation La collaboration inter agence permet de formuler des projets pertinents. Le projet est le fruit d’une collaboration entre l’OIT et l’UNHCR. Ce cadre de collaboration a permis de mieux identifier les besoins de la communauté de réfugiés et de la communauté d’accueil et de développer de nouvelles stratégies sur les moyens d’existence durables. Le projet a bénéficié des acquis, de l’expérience et des ressources financières des autres projets en cours de la Moughataa. Cette approche doit être soutenue.
• Decent Work Opportunities for Refugees and Host Communities in Türkiye - Midterm evaluation 1. Experience gained on green jobs reveals significant opportunities for the employment of refugees. While the piloted green job interventions mainly focus on agriculture, expanding these interventions towards recycling, waste management, wind and solar energy, and wastewater storage, through the provision of trainings in these fields, appears important to single out ILO’s contribution to a sustainable energy consumption. Important steps have already been taken in this direction, and work is ongoing to identify possible partners and pilot provinces for this purpose. 2. The importance of cooperatives as a crucial response tool against crises has been widely acknowledged, as it promotes access to livelihoods and social inclusion. On this basis, expanding the cooperative initiatives, through a more flexible perspective not only focusing on refugees and / or women, but also on green economy, disability, elderly care, should be a priority, along with initiatives to strengthen the interaction amongst cooperatives so that they mutually develop their capacities. 3. The opening towards the issue of NEET, through the study conducted under Output 1.1., provided awareness among the Project Team on the need for working on a diverse range of fields relating to youth employment. Partnership has already started with UNDP in this field.
• Desarrollo de capacidades para el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad de empleo, formación y certificación laboral Implementar procesos de formación en períodos más acotados en el tiempo y con una modalidad de inmersión. Armonizar las experiencias piloto con la formación de manera de facilitar la aplicación en situación auténtica
• Desarrollo de capacidades para el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad de empleo, formación y certificación laboral El proyecto requiere una gobernanza política-técnica con un liderazgo representativo de las instituciones involucradas, para facilitar la concreción de los acuerdos y el fortalecimiento interinstitucional.
• Desarrollo de capacidades para el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad de empleo, formación y certificación laboral Es necesario que existan ciertas condiciones y acuerdos previos entre los actores sectoriales -organizaciones de empleadores y trabajadores-, una demanda sectorial basada en acuerdos bipartitos.
• Desarrollo de capacidades para el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad de empleo, formación y certificación laboral Es necesario contar con una red de criterios de selección y que los mismos se cumplan, para lograr que el conjunto de los participantes alcance los resultados de aprendizaje previstos en los objetivos de la formación.
• Desarrollo de capacidades para el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad de empleo, formación y certificación laboral Es necesario un compromiso explícito de cada una de las organizaciones intervinientes para asegurar el para qué y el cómo los participantes, una vez finalizada la formación, aplicarán las competencias que han incorporado.
• Support to university centers for career development (UCCD) in Egyptian public universities - Final evaluation Increased awareness of accurate concepts is the initial step in changing the mindset; knowledge sharing is a critical step to changing culture. Practical training and coaching of the staff made the staff more confident in dealing with disabled students
• Support to university centers for career development (UCCD) in Egyptian public universities - Final evaluation The continuous process of learning and adaptation to challenges creates expertise on the ground with hands-on experiences. The engagement and links with DET increased outreach and impact on Disability Equality. The project has developed a resource base on facilitators who can be utilized post the project.
• Support to university centers for career development (UCCD) in Egyptian public universities - Final evaluation Working with state agencies is critical for buy-in, dissemination and sustainability of ideas. Involving LMO staff so they could enrich the process of labour market information analysis, and dissemination was critical.
• Formal employment is promoted for inclusive and diversified economic growth in Mongolia - Final evaluation The nation-wide research on informality driven by the state research institution guided by the technical expertise on the part of the ILO is a lengthy exercise challenged by the different approaches and communication but worthy of these efforts as it builds capacity of the national research institutions, generates ownership of the research and enhances potential for replicability of similar research by the state
• Formal employment is promoted for inclusive and diversified economic growth in Mongolia - Final evaluation Strategies on tackling informality developed by the social partners supported by the focused interventions resulted in raised capacity to address issues of informality and demonstrated commitment to implement the strategies at the nation-wide level
• Job creation for Syrian refugees and Jordanian host communities through green works in agriculture and forestry - Final Evaluation Decent Work although it provides a higher wage (15 Jd/d) and shorter work hours, when combined with better supervision from EIIP procedures, resulted in more effective reforestation, estimated at x2 the normal output. The more general lesson is that providing good work conditions, rather than minimizing inputs/conditions can generate better outputs
• Job creation for Syrian refugees and Jordanian host communities through green works in agriculture and forestry - Final Evaluation A significant number or reforestation and cistern/tank construction sites demonstrated poor practices. Where technical knowledge was available good results were obtained: reforestation sites managed by engineers who were forestry specialists, and farmers with technical knowledge or support, who shifted new vegetable production and/or intercropping.
• Job creation for Syrian refugees and Jordanian host communities through green works in agriculture and forestry - Final Evaluation Where Directorates provided machinery, reforestation areas achieved were substantial above the target.
• Job creation for Syrian refugees and Jordanian host communities through green works in agriculture and forestry - Final Evaluation The EIIP provides direct work opportunities as well as a means for the refugees to obtain WPs, and so to present as legitimate workers. In terms of building personal attributes of the refugees to acquire work, short term contracts are not sufficient to achieve attitudinal change. Work contracts of 3 months provide workers conditions for planning family affairs and budgeting. In effect they become accustomed to work and income routine, which they then try to continue.
• ARISE II: Eliminating child labour in tobacco growing communities in Malawi - Final Evaluation Synergies with different partners results into wider impact: ILO was in partnership with a number of organizations who carried out different, but complimentary roles. YECE and CICOD were in charge of downstream activities in Lilongwe and Ntcheu respectively. ILO took up upstream interventions working closely with relevant ministries to improve on the regulatory framework but also to support creation of linkages between the downstream interventions and relevant government agencies. MCTU and TUM led interventions with workers, while ECAM linked the project to employers. This mix of partners led to quick gains in most of the activities, compared to when one or a few partners would attempt to reach out to all
• ARISE II: Eliminating child labour in tobacco growing communities in Malawi - Final Evaluation It does not require external support to assist children in Child Labour to get back to school. This was a realization among the members of CCLCs who played the role of monitoring and identification of children involved in child labour within their communities. After carrying out this ask in collaboration with the implementing partners, members of the CCLCs were able to internalize the process of identification, counselling and reintegration of children back to schools. This is a task they continued to undertake even after the project ended, which made them realize they could actually do it without necessarily having to send their reports to the implementing partner
• The ILO and PBSO programme to sustain peace and foster development through employment creation in conflict-affected situations - Final evaluation The cooperation between PBSO and ILO led to the development of a more common “peacebuilding language” and enabled both organisations to better define their individual roles and common goals in the field of “employment and decent work for peace”. The programme cooperation with both PBSO and other peacebuilding organisations has permitted the acquisition of valuable instruments and demonstrated that effective mainstreaming of decent work and employment for peacebuilding can benefit from a trans-organizational approach.
• The ILO and PBSO programme to sustain peace and foster development through employment creation in conflict-affected situations - Final evaluation For an objective assessment of project’s impact on peacebuilding and social cohesion, a proper and systemic results framework must exists and contain baseline, indicators and targets that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound (SMART). Use a Monitoring workplan to determine how the project’s specific activities and results are contributing to the achievement of peace and social cohesion as part of the overall project’s outcomes and final impact.
• The ILO and PBSO programme to sustain peace and foster development through employment creation in conflict-affected situations - Final evaluation Producing frameworks, guides (like the Handbook) and trainings for “employment and decent work for peace” mainstreaming works best when it is a part of a strategy enjoying support from top managers and uses other tools as well. Offering trainings in building peace and social cohesion to the country-based staff, while there is no apparent place for ‘peace’ in the proposal evaluation procedure, sends a contradictory message, unlike in the PBF proposals facilitated by the Swiss project team, which required a focus on peace and social cohesion indicators. The project experience also confirms that “employment and decent work for peace” training should not be offered on an ad hoc basis but should instead be available on a permanent basis to all actors involved: ILO HQ staff, evaluators, national contact points, ILO project officers and ILO’s social partners.
• The ILO and PBSO programme to sustain peace and foster development through employment creation in conflict-affected situations - Final evaluation Utilising complementary instruments (the handbook, trainings/workshops, direct advisory and additional material) all aiming at assisting ILO project staff in integrating peace and social cohesion issues in their work must be strategically timed. To enable the programme impact to be sustainable long term, tools, instruments and human resources need to allow projects to easily incorporate social cohesion and peacebuilding in results frameworks without specific expert support and they need to be institutionalised through existing organisational (ILO) and cross-organisational (PBSO) structures. Overall, the demand within ILO for this approach and specifically for very practical support through the CSPR team seems to be significant and exceeding the amount of work and support the current (small) team can provide. This speaks for increasing the number of staff in the CSPR team. In addition, interviewees have expressed a wish for including similar support, e.g., through dedicated advisors on peace and social cohesion, in ILO’s regional offices. For the PBSO office, this could serve as a lessonlearned on how to improve their role as advisors for UN agencies on cross-organisational aspects of peace and social cohesion in the field of employment promotion.
• Child labour projects in Arab States - Final cluster evaluation (RBSA component) 1. Budgetary allocations should take into account all factors affecting the achievement of project’s objectives. For the Canadian-funded project in Jordan project, the commitment of withdrawn children from intervention projects was limited in some cases as schools were far from residential areas. Budgetary allocations should have taken into account the transportation costs to ensure that beneficiaries had access to the project as well as alternative sources of income for vulnerable families. The ability to be flexible is essential in developing impactful interventions. Although the RDPP had a more limited budget in comparison to the Norwegian-funded project in Lebanon, its ability to adapt to changes that arose during the course of operations contributed to its success. The ability to adjust operations is particularly important in light of rapidly changing political and social environments. One of the important lessons learned from the RDPP project, was that when working on multi-regional interventions, countries should work very closely to exploit any synergies in operations as well as challenges faced at the regional level.
• Child labour projects in Arab States - Final cluster evaluation (RBSA component) 2. Projects should include both upstream and downstream activities. Whilst capacity building is important, upstream interventions (as awareness campaigns and trainings) should not be the only focus. It is not efficient to rely solely upon spillover effects from upstream to downstream. Additionally, sustainable elimination of child labor can only be achieved through the involvement of families and the local community. The participation of these actors should be essential components in Child Labor withdrawal interventions. Moreover, guidance and support regarding direct interventions should be closely linked to capacity building efforts of the ILO. Lack of integration between upstream and downstream interventions is impeding to correctly anticipate unbalances in the delivery of services: for instance, in Lebanon, too much attention is paid to Syrians in child labor efforts and not enough on Lebanese children. Interventions should be careful to ensure equitable impact, in order to protect the most vulnerable children and families, whilst preventing and societal divisions arising.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Program (EIIP) - Midterm Evaluation Performance and efficiency would have been better if there had been a preparatory or inception phase during which time project selection could take place before the full complement of staff was brought on board. The lesson is a retrospective look back at the entire implementation period and is a timely reminder for any ILO/UNDP designed project that a scale- up inception period is useful model to apply. Often expectations are high at the commencement of programs to commence implementation immediately. However, there is scope to take a staged approach to implementation to allow project teams, stakeholders and government partners to address any immediate issues and confirm strategic direction and overall objectives.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Program (EIIP) - Midterm Evaluation It will enable more infrastructure to be built and improve overall perceptions and standing of infrastructure projects with the GoL, if LRBT is only be applied where it is cost effectively comparable to machine based alternative. There is a strong focus through the ILO of promoting labour-based approaches as a key methodology for community based infrastructure programs. This is something to support and actively promote. However there needs to be acknowledgement of contextual realities and political influences when making decisions around labour based approaches.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Program (EIIP) - Midterm Evaluation The assumption that UN agencies are aligned and can work together due to shared understanding, approaches and experience needs to be reviewed and assessed on a case by case basis. All UN agencies have their own culture and organisational systems and processes. The proposal to have the ILO and UNDP work together through this program was sound in theory but probably required more detailed analysis as to approaches to labour based work, the “value-add” that each organisation brings and the on-going roles and responsibilities that each team member would bring and add.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Program (EIIP) - Midterm Evaluation Cost calculations can be affected by a range of factors during implementation and need to be continually revisited. A significant risk in all infrastructure projects is that of cost and maintaining control of inflationary elements and cost of raw materials. Given tight budgets and greater expectations from donors for more accountability, there is a need to regularly review budgets and associated costs and assumptions that have been made. This applies at all levels of the program from the head contract down to individual contractor budgets for various scopes of work.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Program (EIIP) - Midterm Evaluation The application of task based contracting, whereby workers could complete tasks which were set for a day was good for motivating workers. Contractors should be able to use machines if they go over budget. Traditional forms of contracting and employment has focused on a strict definition of 40—day continuous employment. Whilst a clear definition of what constitutes an employment contract is good however there is a need for flexibility given that not all works require a continuous 40-day input. As part of EIIP some contractors are moving to a task-based and task-orientated work program which promotes flexibility and also an element of peer pressure. The approach also allows workers to obtain additional employment which increases skill, capacity and confidence. The other element is the need to balance a mix of labour based approaches and the use of machinery and equipment. Whist he purpose of the program is to increase employment, there is also scope to allow flexible approaches so as to increase productivity and maintain motivation
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Program (EIIP) - Midterm Evaluation The focus on decent work conditions and security helped to secure participation of women and Lebanese. The interest of Lebanese to participate in the EIIP depends on the socio-economic demographics of the local population. As indicated in the section on social safeguards, this lesson indicates that as a result of social safeguards women have been able to actively participate and feel more secure to do so hence appropriate steps are taken to facilitate their involvement. The other lesson responds to the target to have a 50-50 split between Lebanese host communities and Syrian refugees. However, the evidence suggests that the socio-demographics of host communities is a strong determinant in their ability and willingness to participate. Therefore, the actual achievement of the target may fall short nationally there are pockets of communities (primarily in the north) who are willing to participate and often have a number of jobs (see task based approach)
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Program (EIIP) - Midterm Evaluation In establishing a staffing structure for supervising infrastructure construction, it is important that ILO achieves a correct balance between promoting and supervising decent work and supervising technical engineering quality. The EIIP has introduced the concept of social safeguards and the promotion of women and occupational health and safety. This has been a very positive step and one that should be replicated elsewhere. However, with the increased prominence and visibility of social safeguards work, there is a need to strike a balance between the production of technical outputs and the supervision of works from a social perspective. There is a need to clarify roles and responsibilities and ensure that each individual has a clear line of responsibility and work is structured in a way to ensure minimal delays.
• Enhancing Labour Governance, Inspection and Working Conditions In Response to COVID-19 Phase I in Iraq - Final evaluation The use of local skills can greatly facilitate the implementation of activities in new contexts in which there is no ILO presence or where it is difficult for ILO personnel to reach. A main lesson learned by the project’s experience in implementing large scale field-level activities in Basra is that the use of local consultants can help avert adverse implications to the project’s efficiency and effectiveness from such contexts.
• Enhancing Labour Governance, Inspection and Working Conditions In Response to COVID-19 Phase I in Iraq - Final evaluation The misalignment observed between the project’s overly ambitious design and the project’s resources has led to very high workloads and stress levels experienced by most human resources of the project, as well as the project’s inability to complete a few of the planned initiatives while rushing a few others. The contribution towards project objectives and the sustainability of results would have been enhanced through a closer alignment between the project’s design and resources.
• Clustered Evaluation of Policy Outcome 8: Protecting workers from unacceptable forms of work and Cross-cutting policy driver: Gender equality and non-discrimination - Final clustered evaluation The low capacity of beneficiary groups limited the absorption of training activities and ensured the necessity of long-term intervention.
• Clustered Evaluation of Policy Outcome 8: Protecting workers from unacceptable forms of work and Cross-cutting policy driver: Gender equality and non-discrimination - Final clustered evaluation A weak M&E system hinders an appropriate appreciation of the full impact of the Partnership Program.
• SIDA-ILO Partnership Programme (phase I) – Cross cutting policy driver environmental sustainability and the Partnership for Action on Green Economy - Clustered evaluation ILO has successfully achieved a great deal within the framework of these two programs on just transition and the green economy. However, given the relative lack of resources available and committed to the Green Jobs Unit, questions arise as to the most efficient use of resources. Currently, through the SIDA-ILO partnership program, the focus is on achieving results at all three levels (i.e. global, regional and country). Given the current staffing levels and the funding windows of the respective projects, long term sustainability and implementation of these interventions could be an issue, as resources are being focused on “catalytic” interventions at all three levels (i.e. global, regional and country) that do not all have a detailed and robust implementation plan and associated budget.
• SIDA-ILO Partnership Programme (phase I) – Cross cutting policy driver environmental sustainability and the Partnership for Action on Green Economy - Clustered evaluation Effective country ownership can be attained through the creation of a strong National Steering Committee architecture early-on in the process. However, this can also result in the exclusion of other tripartite members, who may not be brought onboard by the respective NSCs.
• SIDA-ILO Partnership Programme (phase I) – Cross cutting policy driver environmental sustainability and the Partnership for Action on Green Economy - Clustered evaluation An effective, and well-thought-out Theory of Change framework is needed for ILO operations on just transition and the green economy.
• Inclusive Growth through Decent Work in the Great Rift Valley - Midterm Evaluation SRHR activities should be part of ILO technical assistance projects that implement activities in rural communities where poverty and lack of education are rampant and that involve young vulnerable women (and men) as “beneficiaries” Projects and institutions should be better prepared for potential consequences for young women in times of pandemics, or calamities, in society that very quickly can turn good developments upside down. This applies particularly to young women/girls who already are vulnerable, have little education, or access to sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) and information, and when the society in general lacks social security/social protection.
• Inclusive Growth through Decent Work in the Great Rift Valley - Midterm Evaluation Arrangements for projects such as the PPDP, need funding for the preparations that are necessary prior to the projects´ start up Like so many other ILO Projects, the Project used the inception phase mainly to build partnerships, mobilise partners to commit to the funding strategies and objectives, and to set up the governance committees. However, it took a lot of time (several years) prior to this stage could even start up, during which ILO (and consultants), Sida/Swedish Embassy and Akiira developed the ideas - preparations which were costly.
• Inclusive Growth through Decent Work in the Great Rift Valley - Midterm Evaluation Project´s policy level engagements should be reflected in specific policy outcomes in the design Projects working on policy issue should include a specific policy level outcome - supported by policy outputs and activities (and indicators) – that are clearly spelled out and visible in the project results framework (ToC). This would help make project´s aspirations for long lasting change more transparent and require clear accountability from the key Partners, including governments, and enable results to be “measured”.
• Promoting Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work in Morocco's Agricultural Sector Longer project time frames and flexible management structures are needed to support enterprise level social dialogue and collective bargaining. ILO constituent representatives found ILO mediators’ expertise a critical factor in advancing CBA negotiations in target enterprises. However, the consultants highlighted the duration of their contracts (three short-term contracts covering limited timeframes) did not align well with the agricultural calendar and the natural pace of negotiations. The ILO contracted mediators for short time frames that did not always match the readiness of stakeholders in targeted enterprises. Contract related breaks in their efforts slowed progress in some instances. Mediators thought the lesson learned was that longer, more flexible contracts are better adapted to the context.
• Appui à la jeunesse tunisienne à travers l’entrepreneuriat social et solidaire - évaluation finale La mise en place d’un Comité de pilotage au niveau régional et non central, facilite la mise en œuvre et favorise un suivi de proximité et régulier du projet. Dans le cadre de ce projet, un comité de pilotage a été mis en place dans la localité d’intervention, gouvernorat de l’Ariana. Ce Comité n’ait pas au niveau central, mais au niveau local. Ce comité était composé des acteurs régionaux. Cette approche locale de la mise en place du Comité de pilotage a permis d’être efficace, de tenir régulièrement les réunions de suivi. Cela a favorisé un suivi de proximité et régulier du projet.
• Appui à la jeunesse tunisienne à travers l’entrepreneuriat social et solidaire - évaluation finale La mise en place d’un jury indépendant pour la sélection des jeunes porteurs de projets ESS garantit la crédibilité du processus et favorise la transparence et l’objectivité dans le choix des projets. Cela contribue à l’acceptation générale des résultats par tous les acteurs et permet d’éviter d’éventuelles plaintes, abus et clientélisme. La présence de structures techniques régionales a aussi permis d’avoir plus de questions d’ordre technique et réglementaire, ce qui a aidé le jury indépendant. Leur présence pendant le processus de sélection a permis aussi leur conviction du bon déroulement du processus et donc l’appropriation des résultats.
• Appui à la jeunesse tunisienne à travers l’entrepreneuriat social et solidaire - évaluation finale La recherche des complémentarités entre projets/programmes ou actions d’acteurs différents permet d’améliorer la synergie d’actions et la mutualisation des ressources. Le PAJESS a capitalisé sur les acquis du projet PROMESS et a alimenté également les projets FORTERESS et JEUNESS. Cette synergie d’actions permet une capitalisation des bonnes pratiques, leçons apprises
• Appui à la jeunesse tunisienne à travers l’entrepreneuriat social et solidaire - évaluation finale La mise en place d’un fonds pour le financement des projets favorise la création d’emplois. Le problème de financement des projets jeunes constitue un défi en Tunisie et surtout pour l’entrepreneuriat social et solidaire. L’appui financier permet l’opérationnalisation des projets.
• STRENGTHEN 2: Employment impact assessment to maximise job creation in Africa - Midterm evaluation Implementation: The recruitment of project staff requires time. This should be considered when planning a project (project design). 3-4 months are required for recruitment before a project can actually start. It also takes time to initiate country level activities in particular if initiated through online interactions only. Face-to-face interactions with stakeholders are important to start country level activities.
• STRENGTHEN 2: Employment impact assessment to maximise job creation in Africa - Midterm evaluation Assumptions: The validity of project assumptions is key for the success of intervention logic, i.e. the success of the project. The validity of assumptions needs to be assessed if possible during the project design phase. In the case of S2: EUDs should have been contacted before the project started in order to test the validity that EUD would be in a position to contribute to S2. During the course of the project, the S2 team realized that the main stakeholder is the national government and not the EUDs. S2 therefore shifted its focus from EUDs to governments. If there is government interest to participate in EmpIAs, the EUDs are also more likely to engage with S2.
• STRENGTHEN 2: Employment impact assessment to maximise job creation in Africa - Midterm evaluation Modality: The modality of S2 is different compared with other ILO technical cooperation projects as the main direct beneficiary is the EC which is also the donor of the project. S2 could be viewed as ILO providing a consulting service to the EC. However, as the intervention logic reveals (ToC in Annex B), S2 is also enhancing the EmpIA awareness, knowledge and capacity of governments and social partners, with a focus on governments at this point. More importantly, S2 will contribute to better decision-making for investment projects which can have a large-scale effect on employment which is very relevant for the ILO constituents. As such, the S2 modality to provide a service to a key development partner is a valuable approach if the intervention logic clearly shows how the ILO constituents benefit.
• STRENGTHEN 2: Employment impact assessment to maximise job creation in Africa - Midterm evaluation ILO’s neutrality and competences: The EC and IFI’s see ILO as valued and trusted partner for discussions around employment. ILO’s neutrality and competences around labour issues and in particular the availability of ILO labour data (ILOSTAT) to enhance the standard input-output (I-O) model is seen as a comparative advantage of ILO.
• STRENGTHEN 2: Employment impact assessment to maximise job creation in Africa - Midterm evaluation Comprehensive Monitoring & Evaluation System: The monitoring and reporting tools of the S2 CMES meet the needs of stakeholders and the monitoring and reporting of activities and outputs is satisfactory. However, measuring results at the outcome and impact level remains a methodological challenge (as in many organisations) and ILO could perhaps establish more standardised indicators at the outcome and impact level for project managers to pick from when designing a project. Moreover, ILO may consider preparing the template for the ToC visuals to be used by project managers when developing a theory of change. This would greatly facility project design and alignment with ILO objectives.
• Responsible Business Conduct in Latin America and the Caribbean - Final evaluation Working in a country without a project officer present is a great challenge, which can be mitigated if the ILO national office supports the project. However, there are countries where this support is not possible, for different reasons. Sometimes it needs to be clarified among stakeholders.
• Responsible Business Conduct in Latin America and the Caribbean - Final evaluation Working in person is essential for quality political advocacy and a better understanding of the context.
• Responsible Business Conduct in Latin America and the Caribbean - Final evaluation Flexibility is key to the project's success. To ensure the project's success, the flexibility should be related to the processes, with clear objectives and parameters to keep team members focused and aligned with the project's goals. This will enable team members to make the most of the project's flexibility to develop innovative solutions to problems and adapt to changing circumstances.
• Responsible Business Conduct in Latin America and the Caribbean - Final evaluation A more fluid and rapid interaction and relationship is required in order to respond to the needs of the trade union sector, especially at the country level. One must also know how to adapt the project activities with regard to issues in order to facilitate their participation, such as schedules, travel support, longer planning times, etc.
• Responsible Business Conduct in Latin America and the Caribbean - Final evaluation Understanding and harnessing the added value of the ILO means understanding tripartism and the value of its Constituents.
• Inclusive Growth through Decent Work in the Great Rift Valley - Final Evaluation The inclusion of public and private sector stakeholders in the PPDP project led to diverse perspectives, expertise, and resources, enabling comprehensive problem-solving and innovative decision-making. This inclusivity ensured consideration of varied interests and needs, resulting in inclusive and sustainable solutions.
• Inclusive Growth through Decent Work in the Great Rift Valley - Final Evaluation Demonstrating early benefits and impacts of the partnership inspires commitment and motivation among stakeholders, fostering continued engagement
• Inclusive Growth through Decent Work in the Great Rift Valley - Final Evaluation Building trusted relationships and engaging in dialogue was essential for promoting mindset and practice changes in the PPDP.
• Inclusive Growth through Decent Work in the Great Rift Valley - Final Evaluation The demand-driven approach, ensured local relevance and sustainability by aligning programming with the needs and interests of beneficiaries.
• Inclusive Growth through Decent Work in the Great Rift Valley - Final Evaluation The limited involvement of governors and county assemblies in the project's activities highlights the importance of strong engagement with key stakeholders for successful implementation.
• Appui à la dynamisation du développement économique local dans les zones défavorisées - Final cluster evaluation La mise en place d’une Commision pour la sélection des jeunes stagiaires garantit la crédibilité du processus et favorise la transparence et l’objectivité dans le choix des jeunes. Cela contribue à l’acceptation générale des résultats par tous les acteurs et permet d’éviter d’éventuelles plaintes, abus et clientélisme. La présence de structures régionales a renforcé aussi leur conviction du bon déroulement du processus et donc l’appropriation des résultats.
• Appui à la dynamisation du développement économique local dans les zones défavorisées - Final cluster evaluation La recherche des complémentarités entre projets/programmes ou actions d’acteurs différents permet d’améliorer la synergie d’actions et la mutualisation des ressources. Cette synergie d’actions permet une capitalisation des bonnes pratiques, leçons apprises et d’éviter les duplications
• Improve labour migration governance in Ethiopia to combat irregular migration - Midterm evaluation The project team has shown very good capacity to learn from and adapt to new information becoming available from research and studies or from reports of related projects. For example, the project baseline findings clearly indicated that the establishment of fair recruitment practices, accessible and thorough pre-departure orientation of migrant workers, and the better protection of migrant workers in destination countries reduces the number of people opting for irregular migration, and its consequences. This lesson has continued to inform all project activities.
• Improve labour migration governance in Ethiopia to combat irregular migration - Midterm evaluation Feedback from returnees under the project Support to the reintegration of returnees in Ethiopia (ETH/15/01/EEC) was used to inform some of the training activities under the current project. For example the inclusion of so-called soft skills (life skills, financial education, entrepreneurship ) in the training of migrants going to the Middle East was added to the TVET curriculum on the basis of feed-back from the earlier project to the benefit of current migrants.
• Promoting Decent Work Opportunities for Non-Syrian Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Türkiye - Midterm evaluation The Project’s success to achieve its objectives strongly depends on the level of ownership of local stakeholders, supportive host communities (including employers), and availability of employment possibilities and services offered at the local level.
• Promoting Decent Work Opportunities for Non-Syrian Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Türkiye - Midterm evaluation There is a significant need to improve the management structure of the Project to promote more efficient coordination among objectives, activities, stakeholders and provinces.
• Promoting Decent Work Opportunities for Non-Syrian Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Türkiye - Midterm evaluation The incremental nature of the Project implies that objectives, activities and outputs are clearly complementary and interlinked, strongly build on each other, and mutually reinforce each other.
• Promoting Decent Work Opportunities for Non-Syrian Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Türkiye - Midterm evaluation Measures should be taken/reinforced in the upcoming phase to improve the outputs and outcomes of the Project and to increase its sustainability.
• Migrant Rights and Decent Work (MiRiDeW) - Final Evaluation Formalisation of the partnership is an essential condition for creating ownership amongst the partners. This is in context of the MiRiDeW project’s partnership with government agencies including MoLESS, NPC and MoFA wherein the project results and activities are directly dependent upon the level of participation of the relevant government agencies.
• Migrant Rights and Decent Work (MiRiDeW) - Final Evaluation Reporting against the SDG indicators on the issue of labour migration requires significant investment to fill data gaps The project supported developing monitoring and reporting framework for SDG indicators in Nepal related to SDG 8 and 10. However, there is significant data gap related to international labour migration and most of these gaps require additional data collection apart from organizing the already existing data. Since the migrants from the source countries migrate world over, data collection is a resource intensive exercise. Accordingly, technical assistance in form of monitoring and reporting framework in itself is not sufficient to enable reporting against the SDG indicators.
• Migrant Rights and Decent Work (MiRiDeW) - Final Evaluation Community media can contribute significantly in creating large scale awareness amongst the migrant workers in a cost effective manner Community media in the CoDs are generally founded and operated by the former migrant workers are accessed regularly by the migrant workers and accordingly these platforms can be used to spread mass awareness on the issues of labour migrant in a cost effective manner.
• Migrant Rights and Decent Work (MiRiDeW) - Final Evaluation Knowledge products should be converted to user-friendly briefs in the main language of the country. The project produced a significant number of knowledge products including labour market assessment, capacity gap assessments, policy reviews and technical notes. As many of these documents are long and complex, they need to be converted to user-friendly briefs highlighting the key information and recommendations in a simple manner. Further this needs to be translated in official language of the country.
• Migrant Rights and Decent Work (MiRiDeW) - Final Evaluation The log-frame of the project must highlight risks, assumptions and mitigation strategies under all the result areas. This is in context of the MiRiDeW’s log-frame wherein the risks, assumptions and mitigation strategies were not identified under its two outcomes, i.e. Outcome 1 and 2. This significant impacted the project’s progress as evident from the results achieved under the project. Further, the turnover of project officials must also be included in the risks, so that suitable mitigation systems are in place to lessen the impact of change of project officials.
• Migrant Rights and Decent Work (MiRiDeW) - Final Evaluation Joint outreach services by the migrant support networks and missions can help in enhancing migrant worker’s access to better services by the missions in CoDs Migrant support networks include diaspora organisations, migrant worker representative organisations and trade unions, which can play a significant role in enhancing worker’s access to services by the embassies. Joint outreach activities by the embassies in collaboration with these organsiations can help in building trust as well as enhancing their reach significantly.
• Improved access to skills and employment opportunities in Lebanon - Final cluster evaluation In order to ensure the sustainability of ILO interventions, an integrated and long-term strategy needs to be developed with durable commitment from the ILO, the donor community, the national government, and other partners. A long-term implementation timeline is also necessary.
• Improved access to skills and employment opportunities in Lebanon - Final cluster evaluation The evaluation learned that in order to achieve a strong engagement strategy that is sustainable in the mid-term, the ILO should adopt an integrated approach that combines responses to immediate and urgent needs with mid-term development assistance.
• Improved access to skills and employment opportunities in Lebanon - Final cluster evaluation The continued engagement of ILO constituents is instrumental in ensuring that TVET programs are aligned with the requirements of the labour market and facilitate opportunities for decent work. In addition, the ILO constituents have an important role to play in the governance of the TVET system in Lebanon.
• Improved access to skills and employment opportunities in Lebanon - Final cluster evaluation The ILO's skills projects in Lebanon require a sufficient level of technical human resources due to their complexity and involvement with multiple stakeholders in a challenging environment. The lesson learned is that future interventions would benefit from having a continued sufficient amount of staff.
• PROMESS: Promotion des Organisations et Mécanismes de l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire - Midterm Independent Evaluation Lorsque la conception d’un projet et sa mise en oeuvre est pensée et organisée de façon participative, la réalisation de ses objectifs s’appuie alors sur des bases solides : le projet est plus efficace et plus utile pour les bénéficiaires finaux et l’appropriation nationale, régionale et locale des acquis engrangés plus aisée
• PROMESS: Promotion des Organisations et Mécanismes de l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire - Midterm Independent Evaluation On ne peut pas comprendre l’impact limité du projet sans prendre en compte le faible taux de réalisation des produits (soit 35%) qui, lui-même, s’explique, entre autres, par le retard pris dans le démarrage du projet, la réalisation des certaines activités, la formula-tion de la loi sur l’ESS et le financement des projets pilotes ESS
• PROMESS: Promotion des Organisations et Mécanismes de l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire - Midterm Independent Evaluation Le développement durable du secteur de l’ESS ne peut être effectif sans une participa-tion et une implication réelle et forte des autorités gouvernementales, aux différents ni-veaux de l’organisation de l’Etat, et sans une réelle volonté politique.
• SKILL-UP Global (Upgrading Skills for the changing world of work) - Final Evaluation The outcome-based funding approach (alternatively referred to as “lightly earmarked partnership”) makes it easier to responding to constituents’ requests flexibly but needs to be managed to minimise the risk of fragmentation. It can also contribute to reducing administrative overhead.
• SKILL-UP Global (Upgrading Skills for the changing world of work) - Final Evaluation For work-based learning schemes to be successful, they need to be adapted to the specific context in which the schemes are implemented, including the structure of the economy or the market challenges that firms face in these contexts. The learning from the Work-integrated Learning (WiL) example highlighted the importance of partners being effectively involved in the process as a condition for the success of the intervention. This included the ability of the farmers to play a leadership role in the farms in which trainees are placed. The review also found that central to the success of this intervention was the extent to which the ILO worked with the TVET institutions and the farmers to build the requisite capacity to implement the programmes. Interviewees commented that the ILO played a facilitating role and was willing to walk the journey with these institutions.
• Programa de Asistencia Técnica para la Seguridad Social - Ecuador - Final Evaluation Participación de las partes interesadas en el diseño, implementación y seguimiento del proyecto. Resulta fundamental emprender procesos tripartitos participativos con las partes interesadas nacionales/mandantes de la OIT durante la fase de diseño, implementación y seguimiento de proyectos implementados por la OIT. El IESS, las organizaciones de empleadores y de trabajadores tienen funciones clave en el Sistema de Seguridad Social Ecuatoriano, y por lo tanto, deberían ser corresponsables en el diseño, la implementación (más allá de su participación puntual en determinados módulos o productos) y seguimiento de proyectos tendentes al fortalecimiento de dicho sistema. A este respecto, varios actores clave subrayaron que un enfoque más inclusivo y participativo podría haber dado lugar a un diseño de proyecto más robusto y realista. Un mayor nivel de implicación en su implementación y monitoreo podría haber generado una apropiación más elevada por parte de los actores sociales. En última instancia, estos dos factores podrían tener efectos positivos en el impacto y sostenibilidad de las acciones del proyecto.
• Programa de Asistencia Técnica para la Seguridad Social - Ecuador - Final Evaluation Procesos a largo plazo. Fortalecer el diálogo social entre los actores, la gobernanza institucional, implementar estrategias para mejorar los principales procesos del sistema de seguridad social y fortalecer las capacidades del recurso humano del IESS, requiere de intervenciones complejas y multifacéticas que implican a múltiples actores. Los cambios esperados por el PATSS implican transformaciones sistémicas en el IESS, que exigen procesos a largo plazo. Por lo tanto, debe esperarse que la contribución de un solo proyecto (de duración y recursos limitados) para resolver tales problemas sistémicos sea reducida. En tal sentido, la sostenibilidad de los productos, así como las transformaciones esperadas del proyecto (resultados/objetivos), deberían esbozarse en una estrategia integrada a más largo plazo, lo que a su vez exige un compromiso duradero y realista, tanto del IESS, del Gobierno Ecuatoriano y de los Actores Sociales, y eventualmente de la OIT (si así lo deseasen los mandantes ecuatorianos). Adicionalmente, un elemento clave de esta lección aprendida está relacionado con la adecuada definición de funciones en la etapa de inicio del proyecto, en el que se deje claro el rol y alcance de la asistencia técnica de la OIT.
• Programa de Asistencia Técnica para la Seguridad Social - Ecuador - Final Evaluation Diagnósticos específicos y definición de intervenciones focalizadas que favorezcan un acceso igualitario y respondan a las necesidades específicas en materia de protección social para mujeres y grupos vulnerables. Las múltiples crisis causadas por la pandemia de COVID-19 han revelado debilidades sistémicas subyacentes tanto en el mercado de trabajo como en los sistemas de protección social; al tiempo que han expuesto el aumento de las vulnerabilidades de categorías específicas (mujeres, jóvenes, trabajadores informales, poblaciones indígenas), que con frecuencia se han visto excluidas no solo del mercado de trabajo sino también de los mecanismos de protección social, lo que conlleva a un riesgo de creciente marginación de dichos grupos. Esta situación subraya la necesidad de incluir, a futuro, diagnósticos específicos sobre las necesidades específicas de la población, desagregadas por sexo, y sobre el acceso a la protección social, así como la definición de intervenciones focalizadas que favorezcan un acceso igualitario, y den respuesta a las necesidades específicas de las mujeres y grupos vulnerables en materia de protección social.
• Employment through Labour Intensive Infrastructure in Jordan - Cluster evaluation To promote active engagement it is important to work within existing municipal plans and to align activities to priority areas of work. It is also important to engage with local partners (WOs and EOs) as part of the process to facilitate employment and to maintain the tripartite model. The risk for short-term CfW type programs is that they respond to issues and needs often without careful consideration of current government plans and strategies. The programme has done a good job of ensuring alignment but there is a risk that too much work across too many sectors can dilute efforts and promote a “scatter-gun approach which reduces efficiency and effectiveness. There is also a need to ensure WO’s and EO’s are actively involved to help support transition to more longer-term employment
• Employment through Labour Intensive Infrastructure in Jordan - Cluster evaluation Programme phases should be extended to allow time for planning, implementation and longer-term engagement. Longer durations also support opportunities to address new and emerging needs and trends. The strategy also allows for better review and evaluative assessments, particularly as they relate to longer-term outcomes. The report has spoken at length about the challenges of short phases. The short duration of phases does not correspond to go development outcomes and focuses efforts on short-term results and simple head counts of jobs linked to a specific methodology. By promoting longer phases, the Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programme allows time for better implementation and management and also supports better engagement and the promotion of other outcomes. It also fosters a focus on evaluative efforts as time is provided to assess and measure changes in key areas of work.
• Employment through Labour Intensive Infrastructure in Jordan - Cluster evaluation To promote longer term sustainability, there is a need to move way from CfW type approaches to adopt a mix of short-term assistance along with longer-term employment efforts aimed at promoting infrastructure enhancements and asset creation. A key lesson arising from the comparison of projects and activities between phases is the importance of differentiating between the Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programme approach (which combines the multiple objectives, short term employment, public asset improvement and potential for making a sustainable contribution to pro-employment development) and other cash for work (CfW) approaches.
• Employment through Labour Intensive Infrastructure in Jordan - Cluster evaluation To promote the concept of CfW and Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programme, more in-depth monitoring and evaluation should occur (rather than simply counting jobs) to provide an evidence-base to support future planning at municipal and donor levels Decisions to potentially shift away from CfW into more longer-term employment and asset creation, requires an evidence base. If longer phases are introduced, there is an opportunity to plan for more detailed evaluative efforts. There is scope to deepen evaluation studies and consider more detailed assessments (i.e. moving away from simple head counts of jobs created).
• Technical support to ESIS for improving and expanding access to health care services in India – A transition to formality - Final evaluation The first phase of the project did not clarify the Theory of Change (ToC). Although the mid-term evaluation recommended that a ToC be articulated, this was not completed in the duration of the project. The lack of a ToC prevented a shared vision around which the stakeholders could work together.
• Technical support to ESIS for improving and expanding access to health care services in India – A transition to formality - Final evaluation A project for organizational change or transformation, needs much longer than 18 months. Even as the first step of a longer process to bring organizational change, the project time frame was too short. Despite the no-cost extensions, a project duration of just over 2.5 years is not sufficient to achieve structural change of a large public sector organization with complex decision-making processes.
• Technical support to ESIS for improving and expanding access to health care services in India – A transition to formality - Final evaluation The project could not have sufficient early discussions with ESIC about the framework of the diagnostics and about the national and international expertise needed for preparing the research. Hence, ESIC deemed some of recommendations of the report inadequately adapted to the reality of the Indian context. So, a cautious approach is needed for such a sensitive study. Early agreements on the diagnostic framework and the required expertise might have promoted better acceptance of the findings of the diagnostics report. This points to the need for investing time in early discussions and agreed evaluation framework and expertise required for conducting a diagnostic study of a large social health protection organization like ESIC.
• The way forward after the revolution - decent work for women in Egypt and Tunisia - Final Evaluation Monitoring and Evaluation is a core function of any project. The presence of a dedicated officer focusing on this function enables the regular management and adjustment of project interventions leading to more effective implementation strategies and approaches. Using times of change (cost and no cost extensions) as an opportunity to revise logical frameworks and results framework would allow projects to better present outcomes and achievements.
• The way forward after the revolution - decent work for women in Egypt and Tunisia - Final Evaluation Multi-Country projects present a myriad of opportunities for learning, capacity development and building of solidarity amongst like-minded institutions and individuals which could help advance the cause of women employment at the regional level. This opportunity should be capitalized upon in an innovative manner and ensure maximum outcome.
• Appui à l’amélioration de la gouvernance des migrations et à la promotion de migrations de main d’oeuvre équitables au Maghreb - Final Evaluation La consolidation de la gouvernance des migrations de travail et la protection des travailleurs migrants impliquent des processus multidimensionnels et à long terme. De tels processus nécessitent le soutien et l’engagement continu de multiples parties prenantes, y compris le BIT, la communauté des bailleurs de fonds, les gouvernements ainsi que les multiples institutions gouvernementales concernées, les organisations d’employeurs, les organisations de travailleurs, et les organisations de la société civile.
• Appui à l’amélioration de la gouvernance des migrations et à la promotion de migrations de main d’oeuvre équitables au Maghreb - Final Evaluation Pour la programmation des projets multi-pays il faut considérer qu’en l’absence d’une base de référence commune entre les pays, on peut s’attendre à des résultats potentiellement différents d’un pays à l’autre.
• Appui à l’amélioration de la gouvernance des migrations et à la promotion de migrations de main d’oeuvre équitables au Maghreb - Final Evaluation Lorsqu’il s’agit d’orienter l’élaboration des politiques en faveur de la protection des travailleurs migrants, il est essentiel de compter avec le soutien et la participation des gouvernements et des représentants des institutions concernées dans les activités du projet. Cela augmente considérablement la capacité du projet d´atteindre ses objectifs. Aussi, compter avec la présence des représentants des employeurs, des syndicats et d’autres secteurs concernés permet d’introduire les préoccupations en matière de migration de main-d’œuvre de manière transversale à toutes les parties concernées.
• Appui à l’amélioration de la gouvernance des migrations et à la promotion de migrations de main d’oeuvre équitables au Maghreb - Final Evaluation Le succès des projets de migration de main-d’œuvre similaires a AMEM dépend en grande partie de leur capacité à fournir une assistance technique efficace.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Midterm evaluation It is an error to abstain from program steering committees for programs of sizeable budget. If the donor insists, negotiate strongly to secure this fundamentally important mechanism for achieving alignment with and committment by the recipient country institutions. Informal contacts will not be sufficient to properly bridge the resulting gaps
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Midterm evaluation It is important to strike a reasonable balance between the wish for monitoring and its cost. This is a basic principle of all controlling or monitoring and evaluation systems. Where information is monitored that is not directly relevant to program performance, this reduces efficiency.
• ILO-UK Prosperity Fund Skills Programme for South East Asia (UKPFSEA) - Midterm evaluation Skills and TVET development take time, and quick impact cannot reaonably be expected during, e.g. during 3-4 year program periods. Programs or ILO as an organization need to either envisage long-term engagement with the respective systems (e.g. one decade in several phases) or focus on very specific tasks which are well aligned with recipient country systems and can be accomplished during such a relatively short period. Where implementation periods are shorter, expectations should be adjusted accordingly and the demand on very specific planning is of paramount importance to success. Only rather meticulous planning will lead to success. The likelihood for achieving “quick wins“ is not very high and there is little guarantee of sustainability where project implementation are of short duration.
• Industry Skills for Inclusive Growth (InSIGHT) Phase 2 - Final evaluation Due to the COVID-19 pandemic regimes in place all training activities were transferred to online training. Even though efforts were made to moderate the training materials to fit to the new training approach, the experience showed that for most training activities the physical face-to-face training is preferred. A relatively high level of drop-out from the training was reported compared to off-line training.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) phase III – Myanmar - Midterm evaluation Business management training for SMEs can survive on a fee for service basis but this does not mean there won’t be trainer attrition and trainers wont experience difficulties in marketing their products. The primary building block for sustainability of the courses is a pool of certified Master/Expert trainers, who can deliver TOTs on a commercial basis. It is important to track trainer behaviour and learn what factors are important in enabling them to market their training.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) phase III – Myanmar - Midterm evaluation It is likely that sustainability of the courses is going to involve diverse aspects where different entities (individuals, large and small companies and NGOs) carry the curriculum forward for their own purposes. Corporate, donor and NGO development partners have played a key role in supporting training delivery having supported approximately 60% of training sessions provided. Their role should be considered in the sustainability strategy, particularly in regard to delivery in rural, remote and especially conflict areas where starting their own business is often peoples’ only option for employment.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) phase III – Myanmar - Midterm evaluation To ensure that the project facilitates independent training that is marketable, it is important that the project team continue to support the SIYB association to develop new offerings to evolve with a changing operational context.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) phase III – Myanmar - Midterm evaluation Handing the courses over to the private sector will not necessarily result in the loss of the ILO core mandate. Although the courses have been marketed on their productivity and other business improvements, the course content is the same as the global versions. The courses benefit companies because of both economic (improving productivity and processes) and social aspects (improved communications between staff).
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) phase III – Myanmar - Midterm evaluation Project designs should be workshopped by both the country office and Geneva before being finalized to make sure they are suitable for them local context.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) phase III – Myanmar - Midterm evaluation The lack of specialist higher education and training facilities in Myanmar makes it challenging to build up the base of SCORE trainers. The lesson is the need for patience in building the program.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) phase III – Myanmar - Midterm evaluation On a course-by-course basis SCORE has a lot more potential to support job creation as medium sized enterprises employ a lot more people than micro and small enterprises.
• Desarrollo de capacidades de los gobiernos locales en Santiago (Chile) y Ciudad de México para fortalecer la integración socioeconómica de las personas migrantes... - Evaluación final independiente (3) Una razón importante que explica que no hubo una mayor articulación entre ciudades es que hay muchas diferencias en los contextos migratorios y características de la migración, los procesos y funcionamientos de la Municipalidad de Santiago de Chile y del Estado de Ciudad de México, las formas de gobierno y los sistemas de administración, y los alcances y límites de una y otra ciudad para la generación de políticas y los programas y servicios destinados a la población objetivo. Otra razón importante es que los Comités Ejecutivos y el Comité de Coordinación de carácter binacional, conformados a partir del Programa, se reunieron solamente una vez al año (en cumplimiento con el rol asignado desde el diseño del Programa) para revisar la planificación anual y las actividades presupuestadas.
• Desarrollo de capacidades de los gobiernos locales en Santiago (Chile) y Ciudad de México para fortalecer la integración socioeconómica de las personas migrantes... - Evaluación final independiente (1) Son factores de éxito del trabajo interagencial durante la implementación de un Programa: (i) mandatos complementarios de las agencias; (ii) claridad de los roles de cada agencia en la implementación del Programa; (iii) personas en las agencias con disposición y apertura al trabajo conjunto y colaborativo; con diferentes criterios y puntos de vista, pero con disponibilidad a ceder en algunas ocasiones; (iv) los acuerdos previos en temas técnicos facilitan decisiones políticas interagenciales; y (v) la OCR apoye a las agencias, brinde liderazgo y acompañamiento a un nivel estratégico y político y facilite la colaboración entre las agencias del SNU y el gobierno anfitrión.
• Desarrollo de capacidades de los gobiernos locales en Santiago (Chile) y Ciudad de México para fortalecer la integración socioeconómica de las personas migrantes... - Evaluación final independiente (2) Son factores que complejizan el trabajo interagencial durante la implementación de un Programa: (i) el diseño del Programa contemple muchas actividades y en cada una estén involucradas todas las agencias, lo que supone una intervención y un presupuesto muy atomizado; (ii) la demora en comprender claramente, por parte de cada agencia, los mandatos, normatividad y alcances de las demás; y (iii) las diferencias entre las agencias en términos de programación, de la exclusividad o no de los recursos humanos asignados al Programa y en términos operativos.
• Desarrollo de capacidades de los gobiernos locales en Santiago (Chile) y Ciudad de México para fortalecer la integración socioeconómica de las personas migrantes... - Evaluación final independiente (4) Los productos desarrollados en el Programa pueden servir como referencia y ser escalables a otros municipios que cumplan con las siguientes características: (i) tengan población en movilidad humana que requieran servicios de apoyo a su inserción laboral; (ii) tengan voluntad política para atender la problemática de las personas en movilidad humana desde su estructura municipal y le den prioridad al tema; (iii) cuenten con un equipo de trabajo con tiempo y capacidad para dedicarle al proyecto o programa; (iv) cuenten con instituciones aliadas (públicas, organizaciones de trabajadores, de empleadores, de la sociedad civil).
• Formalizing Access to the Legal Labour Market for Refugees and Host Communities in Jordan, Phase II - Final evaluation The direct contracting of project partners, coupled with lackluster communication and coordination with ILO's technical backstopping units has adversely affected the efficiency and effectiveness of the project.
• Formalizing Access to the Legal Labour Market for Refugees and Host Communities in Jordan, Phase II - Final evaluation The suboptimal M&E plan of the project, coupled with a large number of implementing partners, created a distance between the project team and some project activities, which in turn led to a weaj quality control mechanism for some project activities.
• Improving China’s institutional capacity towards universal social protection - Final evaluation Project design and project management, including logframe design, selecting and gauging of indicators, risk management, etc. are skills that need to be acquired. Technical qualification for a specific area of intervention does not qualify for project design and management. Managers should not assume that they temselves, CTAs, or NPOs possess project management skills. Managers should also not assume that donor staff will find and correct any mistakes. A very successful project could formally not be rated as successful because indicator selection unnecessarily was erroneous, outcome was unnecessarily by definition unachievable, and logframe defective. There are effective limitations for evaluators to recognize success -- namely when they need to invent the appropriate indicators for the project at the time of the evaluation and then speculate about their values because the project would not have collected them based on erroneous planning.
• Skills Development for the Renewable Energy Sector (SkiDRES) Public-Private Development Partnership - Final evaluation Local participation in project development and planning: In the case that a project idea has not sprung from a national organization/agency, or been developed as project proposal locally, it is very important that the key stakeholders become engaged from the start, not only the key implementing agency (in this case the KGRTC). It is clearly not adequate to discuss or present a project idea/proposal individually and/or ask for comments in a meeting or two. It mostly requires active participation in a workshop – or even a series of workshops - where all stakeholders are brought together around the same table in the deliberations and provided with tools to enable them to participate in the strategic planning process. After decades of working on technical assistance this is not a new lesson to be learnt, neither for ILO, nor Sida.
• Skills Development for the Renewable Energy Sector (SkiDRES) Public-Private Development Partnership - Final evaluation The importance of a Project Steering Committee/Project Advisory Committee The forming of the Project Steering Committee (PSC) or a Project Advisory Committee (PAC) should be the number one priority in ILO projects, soon followed by the forming of working groups.
• Combate a la explotación sexual comercial infantil (ESCI) en Mexico - Final Evaluation La limitada eficacia de las acciones de retiro de víctimas o personas menores de edad en riesgo obligan a una revisión en la formulación de metas y tiempos, pues - según lo informado por las instancias ejecutoras- no ha sido factible identificar, fundamentar y dar seguimiento al retiro de las víctimas de ESCI. De la meta propuesta de 300 NNA retiradas y/o prevenidas logró el 82% (245). De los cuales se reintegraron al sistema educativo 89 un 30%. Tiene que prestarse atención que se realizó un esfuerzo institucional extraordinario de parte de las entidades ejecutoras y de la misma OIT-IPEC para cubrir las metas propuestas por medio de planes de acción y convenios que se firmaron a partir de noviembre del 2006. O sea un periodo de ejecución de 5 meses.
• Combate a la explotación sexual comercial infantil (ESCI) en Mexico - Final Evaluation Las instituciones públicas del sector social (y en particular las relacionadas con la NNA) en el país, manifiestan que han sido insuficientes los esfuerzos para aligerar la respuesta institucional, pues a su criterio deben mejorar y fortalecer la coordinación y negociación inter e intra institucional. Además manifiestan oportuno continuar con las acciones y procesos de sensibilización para contribuir en el desarrollo de una conciencia institucional acerca del problema de la ESCI, por lo que plantean la necesidad permanente de reconsiderar tiempos y metas, específicamente en lo atinente al fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales.
• Combate a la explotación sexual comercial infantil (ESCI) en Mexico - Final Evaluation Es necesario prever acciones complementarias que permitan incidir en el ámbito procesal y en la eficiencia con la que las instancias encargadas de la administración de justicia apliquen en adelante la legislación sobre la ESC y las reformas a los códigos penales, pues la sola existencia de leyes no garantiza su óptima aplicación.
• Combate a la explotación sexual comercial infantil (ESCI) en Mexico - Final Evaluation Continuar afinando los criterios de selección de las personas que asisten a las actividades de capacitación y sensibilización, en conjunto con las instituciones contrapartes y ejecutoras.
• Combate a la explotación sexual comercial infantil (ESCI) en Mexico - Final Evaluation La sostenibilidad de las iniciativas realizadas se ve favorecida con los procesos desarrollados en torno a la generación de capacidades en las instituciones públicas y privadas. Por lo que es preciso visualizar, por parte de OIT-IPEC y las contrapartes nacionales, con la antelación debida, los posibles proyectos o iniciativas que den continuidad al trabajo desarrollado desde y con apoyo del Proyecto.
• Combate a la explotación sexual comercial infantil (ESCI) en Mexico - Final Evaluation El perfil alto desarrollado por el Proyecto como estrategia en el impulso de actividades de sensibilización podría generar dependencia en las organizaciones apoyadas. Lo anterior requiere ser complementado con información suficiente para que los actores clave comprendan los alcances de su responsabilidad histórica en este tipo de proyecto. La incorporación de nuevos socios o actores (organizaciones sindicales, ONG, entre otras) es un ejemplo de ello.
• Combate a la explotación sexual comercial infantil (ESCI) en Mexico - Final Evaluation Es importante mejorar la gestión del Proyecto en los siguientes sentidos: continuar con los esfuerzos de mantener actualizados los registros de información emanada de las distintas actividades del Proyecto, en especial de la atención directa. De ser posible en red con instituciones públicas y privadas involucradas en el proyecto. Continuar con la práctica de OIT-IPEC de mantener informadas a las instituciones contrapartes nacionales de cualquier cambio o ampliación de las acciones del Proyecto. Se debe continuar con el seguimiento a las actividades realizadas y valorar los impactos logrados con el propósito de alimentar permanentemente las decisiones que se tomen y las acciones y procesos que se desarrollen. Para tener validez y confiabilidad, las mediciones de impacto a nivel de la sensibilización deben basarse en estudios de opinión pública, por lo que se debe prever este tipo de estudios. La complejidad del manejo de este tipo de Proyecto puede producir una recarga laboral excesiva en el equipo responsable del Proyecto. El manejo de un número Importante de Estados geográficamente disperso, procedimientos administrativos complejos, la administración de un presupuesto elevado, un número limitado de recursos humanos a cargo del proyecto, constituyen factores que deben ser revisados en vistas a establecer un balance adecuado que no sobrecargue al equipo.
• Programa Integral de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia - Mid Term Evaluation La intervención del PATD-B se realiza ante todo para fortalecer esa capacidad de los actores en sus organizaciones, especialmente para la agendación, formulación, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas hacia el trabajo decente. Esto es fortalecimiento institucional, entendida las instituciones como las formas de relacionamiento de los grupos humanos en las y entre las organizaciones, que están determinadas por valores, normas (formales e informales) y roles . No obstante centrar su trabajo en lo institucional, el diseño del PATD-B adoleció de un adecuado diagnóstico institucional en el análisis del problema. La guía en este campo es en gran parte intuitiva y cultural proveniente de la experiencia.
• Programa Integral de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia - Mid Term Evaluation En este informe se ha caracterizado al PATD-B como un Programa que busca básicamente mejorar la relación e interacción entre los actores estratégicos en el mundo del trabajo (gobernanza), para el avance hacia el logro de los objetivos del trabajo decente, que les brindaría a dichos actores la capacidad para hacer efectiva las políticas de aplicación y respecto a los derechos fundamentales del trabajo (gobernabilidad). Así, el PATD-B constituye un Programa sui-géneris de apoyo a la gobernabilidad en el mundo del trabajo y, como tal, sus aprendizajes se pueden colocar en la línea de punta de la cooperación internacional.
• Programa Integral de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia - Mid Term Evaluation La debilidad institucional en el gobierno, identificada como la principal limitación proveniente del contexto para una adecuada implementación del PATD-B, debe generar estratégicas explícitas de intervención. Estas han sido más implícitas y suelen tener que ver con: mayor acercamiento a funcionarios de perfil técnico, mayor intensidad de trabajo con organizaciones de la sociedad civil en momentos de transición, acercamiento a las instancias de poder político, preparación de documentos y estudios para la nueva agenda, etc. Los supuestos y riesgos colocados en la Matriz del Marco Lógico, además de soler ser muy generales, no presentan estrategias de resolución que lleven a la inmediata reprogramación de actividades . Esto es justamente lo que le ha acontecido al PATD-B.
• Programa Integral de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia - Mid Term Evaluation En el mismo campo, las relaciones con la COP y la CEPB, que como se ha señalado en este informe, han sido hasta el presente difíciles, adolecieron de los respectivos diagnósticos institucionales (en lo conocido por esta evaluación). Si bien estos por sí mismos no resuelven los conflictos existentes, si contribuyen a explicitar estrategias de relacionamiento que tanto en el diseño como en la práctica no han sido claras; estas suelen reposar más en la capacidad personal de los equipos o del ATP. Dichos diagnósticos y estrategias pueden pasar por considerar las estructuras organizativas, la composición política y social, las trayectorias y dinámicas de relación con otros actores, incluyendo la relación con la OIT y el papel de los especialistas ACTRAV y de la ACTEMP, etc.
• Programa Integral de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia - Mid Term Evaluation El fortalecimiento de la capacidad institucional, como se menciona en el segundo punto, pasa por la agendación, formulación, implementación y evaluación de las políticas públicas hacia el trabajo decente. Una labor del Programa debe consistir en fortalecer también el perfil reflexivo y de aprendizaje de las instituciones contrapartes, por lo cual también incluyen, el fortalecimiento de su capacidad de evaluación. De este Programa se aprende también que su propia evaluación depende de fortalecer esta capacidad, por ello se ha propuesto trabajar estrechamente la evaluación con todas las entidades relacionadas
• Programa Integral de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia - Mid Term Evaluation Una de las lecciones aprendidas en este Programa es el papel de la capacitación como estrategia en el fortalecimiento institucional. Esto por supuesto, no es nada nuevo, pero se resalta como estrategia de sostenibilidad en el contexto de inestabilidad. El apoyo de expertos internacionales de la OIT, de otros organismos cercanos y del mercado, puede jugar un papel importante, no sólo en su función de transmisores de conocimiento, discursos y propuestas alternativas, sino también en su papel de mediadores institucionales, en la medida en que su participación en un evento, curso o reunión, puede facilitar las bases para una relación más fluida entre los equipos locales. Esto se ha mostrado cierto para los procesos de Acreditación en el sector construcción, y, seguramente, en otros de los estudios y asesorías brindadas por el programa con la participación de expertos.
• Programa Integral de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia - Mid Term Evaluation Las muy diversas capacitaciones en Principios Fundamentales del Trabajo, en Gestión Socio-empresarial y en los demás tópicos que ha llevado a cabo el Programa con poblaciones específicas, buscan configurarse como modelos de intervención. Para lograr dicho propósito estas experiencias deben sistematizarse debidamente por parte de las entidades ejecutoras con el apoyo del Programa. De este programa se aprende que los esquemas participativos de adecuación metodológica resultan de gran potencial transformador cuando, como en el caso de los trabajos con población indígena, dicha adecuación la realizan los propios actores sociales.
• Poverty Reduction through Decent Employment Creation in Ethiopia - Final Evaluation The lack of a coordinator also contributed to social partner feeling of being excluded, since there was no single person to communicate with for clarifications or who could support certain functions, e.g. the NSC work. Having different explanations from different people at managerial level, because each of them have a part-picture of the programme, makes it difficult to collaborate and find own share in the work. The experiences from this programme show that it can have critical consequences not to have the same, fully informed programme representative.
• Poverty Reduction through Decent Employment Creation in Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Introduction of DW practices and ILS can be swift and successful, when targeting specific industries intensively. The reward is felt in terms of certification that opens doors to export markets. The systematic approach working with industries while developing Action Plans, procedures and guidelines have proved effective and can be a strong tool in fighting poverty. Completion and publication of National and Sectoral Action Plans will help other programmes learn from this approach.
• Poverty Reduction through Decent Employment Creation in Ethiopia - Final Evaluation The start of this programme took time, among others because stakeholder readiness was not in place (in-house resources, mind-set, engagement in other activities, suspicion concerning DW practices etc). The huge engagement in activities in the second year of implementation made the programme catch up and surpass the work plan. This shows that amble time for establishment of a common ground pays excessively.
• Poverty Reduction through Decent Employment Creation in Ethiopia - Final Evaluation The design of the programme focused on implementation of DW practices at downstream level forgetting that such practices cannot become sustainable if not being supported by the required procedures, institutional framework and human resources for implementation. The lack of institutional building and measures to make the social partners become implementers resulted in low commitment, which added to the low involvement. The lessons learned is that for sustainability reasons project designs should emphasise more on capacity building of future implementers than on the very implementation.
• Poverty Reduction through Decent Employment Creation in Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Turning SWM into various IGAs is a thinking that needs further development in a world of massive consumption and thus waste production. Handicraft based on recycled waste can be directly adopted by other programmes, while the two other activities need time for further refinement. The materials produces on handling of SW can already at this stage be used by other programmes.
• Poverty Reduction through Decent Employment Creation in Ethiopia - Final Evaluation A programme designed to have three-years duration is contrary to the overall intentions and framework of ILO, which aims at capacity building of the three social partners, support of legislation promoting decent work conditions and exemplary introductions of the practices. Collaboration with governments in transition, which have limited capacity, will require time for establishment of common ground for each project/programme and formation of functional structures which are a prerequisite for sustainable changes at field level. Achievements in terms of policies, protocols and procedures, institutionalisation of the same and then implementation at downstream level takes more than three years to accomplish. Interruption after three years awaiting decisions of possible programme extension disrupts the work and current motivation, which may be difficult to restore.
• Poverty Reduction through Decent Employment Creation in Ethiopia - Final Evaluation It was observed that motivation at implementation level, where rewards are direct at hand, e.g. export opportunities for industries, better working conditions for employers, have fast and presumably lasting impact which makes the activity motivating. Impact at political/upstream level comes at long-term and does not directly benefit the people making extra efforts to have e.g. policies passed, procedures formulated etc. Policy work is thus less motivating. This substantiates that stakeholder motivation, which is crucial for impact and sustainability, is not a uniform entity that can be nurtured equally at all levels of operation. Programme planning therefore ought to incorporate factors motivating individuals at short term at upstream level.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme against WFCL in South Africa and laying the basis for concerted action in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - Final Evaluation In any planning processes, the tendency is often to want to do as much as possible and not consider aspects that are beyond its control. A programme must know what it is accountable for and determine what is in its control. If it is not in control of the project, it should not be in the Logframe.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme against WFCL in South Africa and laying the basis for concerted action in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - Final Evaluation Country contexts have to be taken into account, not only programmatically but institutionally as well. In other words, a programme must take account of its local context and country dynamics and translate this into institutional realities. This would add to its legitimacy and credibility.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme against WFCL in South Africa and laying the basis for concerted action in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - Final Evaluation Amidst many development challenges one can at times make the mistake of thinking an issue is not considered an important issue when in fact it is more about people being overwhelmed by their immediate objectives (the tasks they have to perform) and not seeing other issues as a priority. This does not mean that they don't view the issue as important.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme against WFCL in South Africa and laying the basis for concerted action in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - Final Evaluation To ensure sustainability of any programme, project and process requires much foresight from the donors that support these. Resources, time, energy, and money would be wasted if the approach is simply that objectives have been achieved, indeed it has, but in order to institutionalise and therefore add to its sustainability, additional time, commitment and understanding from donors is required. Withdrawal from a process at the wrong time is a threat to sustainability and should be carefully considered.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme against WFCL in South Africa and laying the basis for concerted action in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - Final Evaluation Mainstreaming is also about changing mind-sets about particular issues, and this takes time but also requires commitment and leadership.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme against WFCL in South Africa and laying the basis for concerted action in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - Final Evaluation If gender is not consciously included as part of the Logframe planning process and indicators identified to be able to measure its progress, in other words, it is mainstreamed into the work of an organisation, then like any attempts to mainstream CL so too will gender be seen as an add-on and not given serious attention.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme against WFCL in South Africa and laying the basis for concerted action in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - Final Evaluation While it is often difficult in development work to assign attribution to only one source, in a project like this the issue of attribution is important. This links to the question of defining if a programme is there to facilitate or to implement. The lines between these were sometimes blurred, hence attribution became blurred. It is quite obvious that a programme could fulfil a variety of roles and that it is not mutually exclusive. So TECL could facilitate some processes and implement others. In the case of TECL I some government respondents were concerned that TECL was implementing rather than facilitating. The principle, therefore, is to clarify the role that the programme is meant to play and to be open about communicate these to all stakeholders concerned.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Training of trainer workshops proved to be effective to build capacities at regional level. The training of trainers' model is also a good approach to build regional capacity.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Supporting the national constituents on the application of the CEB Toolkit can yield significant results when it is applied to the design, implementation or monitoring of national development plans.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Training and capacity building activities with an active hands-on ILO involvement is a highly effective way to raise awareness and expand knowledge of decent work.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Senior UN staff require individual tailored approaches for awareness raising and training
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Combining global, regional and national capacity building and assistance is mutually reinforcing.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation The organisation of periodical events on decent work for a mixed audience, UN agencies, EU, national and local partners contributes to raise awareness.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Adopting an inter-regional and inter-agency approach on training and capacity building improves training results.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Thematic knowledge sharing sites on mainstreaming employment and decent work provide materials that are highly relevant for the agencies and the community of users.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Combining ILO and UN programming staff in mixed training activities fosters a highly enriching and effective interaction.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation The alliance with the ITC, which has contributed with its training expertise and the online platform, has been essential for success.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Cost-effective training modalities, such as adding a one day session to regional workshops on UN reform allows reaching a large ILO audience.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Provision of translations of key documents to local languages is key for usability of the material by national languages.
• Implementing the UN CEB Toolkit within the Decent Work Campaign - Final Evaluation Development of tools in close collaboration between the agency and ILO departments is key to ensure products with a high quality and appropriation by the recipients.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's country programme for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2002-2007 In cases where tripartite coordination and consultation were lacking, impediments to the attainment and sustainability of ILO programme and project outcomes have occurred. In general, ILO management will have to promote greater constituent involvement throughout the programme and project cycle to increase the effective transfer of ownership of outcomes.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's country programme for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2002-2007 The Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) signals an advance in ILO programming culture, if indeed that is shared throughout the ILO personnel and constituency. A country programme should imply also that, while projects come and go, a higher level of coherence links them perpetually and reciprocally in the pursuit of better well-being in the country, even after individual projects end and their respective offices close.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's country programme for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2002-2007 A new UNDAF midterm review process will begin soon in Jordan, and each successive UNDAF iteration is expected to come closer to the UN goal of "delivering as one." It is not only to ensure that ILO is recognized in the UNDAF Jordan that regular ILO personnel is needed to interact with the UNCT, but also to articulate and demonstrate the unique ILO methodology for the potential benefit of other UN agencies. The most significant and hopeful outcomes of ILO Jordan have arisen from tripartism and social dialogue. As other UN agencies also seek to involve civil partners, beneficiaries and normative frameworks for their programmes, they may be able to benefit from ILO methods, provided they are exposed to them.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's country programme for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2002-2007 The lack of labour and employment issues in the two iterations of the UNDAF indicates the hazards of ILO's distance from the UN family in the field, and also that the UNCT process did not consult employers or workers, or even the Ministry of Labour. Until the evaluation field visit, union representatives consulted had no prior knowledge of the UNDAF in their country, but expressed their expectation that ILO naturally introduce and assist them to participate in such important processes.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's country programme for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2002-2007 The attainment of ILO outcomes has been in question too many times, mostly due to a lack of risk identification or risk mitigation strategy. Self-driven political will in the Government of Jordan cannot be taken for granted as the factor to sustain ILO interventions, particularly where one of the hazards is a frequently changing executive branch with ministers and managers frequently replaced. This has been proven over the five-year review period, which has seen a high turnover of Ministry of Labour officials and two restructurings in the past eighteen months.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's country programme for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2002-2007 Within the Tripartite Constituency, parties have reported that ILO project and Regional Office for the Arab States (ROAS) personnel give noticeably greater attention to the Government of Jordan partners than to the employers and workers. The hazards of that omission can be seen in some of the difficulties faced in the faltering Handicraft Promotion project, which throughout the review period lacked a needed marketing component that employer involvement could have remedied.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's country programme for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2002-2007 Respondents in the General Federation of Jordanian Trade Unions and the Jordan Chamber of Industry recalled that they were present at the Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) signing, but were not consulted in its design; however, mission reports indicate some consultations did take place as of May 2006. Respondents repeated that, in case of a tripartite impasse, ILO often serves as a "tie breaker," particularly where international norms and standards can apply. However, between such occasions, project-implementation hazards arising from the lack of triangular consultation have shown that ILO personnel are challenged consistently to sustain faith in the tripartism principle.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's country programme for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2002-2007 Indeed, effective coordination and "delivering as one" begins at home. The fact that Chief Technical Advisors (CTAs) and project managers in Jordan have not regularly communicated with each other, no ROAS-sponsored mechanism for regular communication exists, and that ongoing project managers attest they have never heard of an UNDAF, suggests that ILO¿s operation in Jordan has some housekeeping to do in building its team and developing internally the practice of an integrated programme that is articulated as well as is the conceptual Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) document. Without strong, well-institutionalized and consultative-evaluation practices among project offices and social partners, ILO Jordan will have difficulties translating its commitment to effectiveness into projects that consistently deliver sustainable results on the ground.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's country programme for Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2002-2007 The ILO, with its Tripartite Constituency, has achieved important advances in Jordan. The relevance of the method and outcomes of tripartism is affirmed in both the projects and the Decent Work Country Programme (DWCP) Jordan. The Social Dialogue projects and processes have begun to institutionalize a problem-solving culture alternative to authoritarianism. ILO Jordan has demonstrated how the pursuit of statecraft by consultation with a rights framework can be practical and productive. The process and product of the Labour Code drafting process stands as a milestone of compromise - if not actually a seamless consensus - that will make it possible to improve Jordanians' well-being and enhance the enjoyment of a bundle of economic, social and cultural human rights.
• Fortalecimiento de los Mecanismos Institucionales para el Dialogo Social - Final Evaluation The institutionalization should be understood not as the creation of bodies/specific institutions or the strengthening of existing ones, but very relevant as the recognition of actors as representative and valid agents at the time of negotiation.
• Fortalecimiento de los Mecanismos Institucionales para el Dialogo Social - Final Evaluation Although the project contributed to the development of a wide range of documentation and helped promote a future activity of some of the instances of social dialogue in the beneficiary countries or the agreements that, at some point, have been taken, or the regulations of such instances, however, this in itself does not mean the institutionalization of social dialogue, the general objective of the project, which should be measured from different indicators. It has been found that the impact on processes of social dialogue is more effective in the long run, if the focus is on activities not directly or exclusively linked to the institutionalization of the same.
• Fortalecimiento de los Mecanismos Institucionales para el Dialogo Social - Final Evaluation Any project of development cooperation should be formulated on the basis of a previous diagnosis of the situation in the sector looked at in each of the beneficiary country, the intervention should be integrated into the policies of individual governments and in their national development strategies. This is directly linked to the sustainability of the actions that should generate lasting structures, beyond the support of international cooperation.The project document should have included an analysis, at least briefly, of the situation of social dialogue in each country, together with an expression of political will of each of them to drive these processes.
• Gender Mainstreaming in ILO/Norway (Partnership Agreement 2006-2007) - Final Evaluation At headquarters, most of the staff has been satisfied, including GENDER staff, with the approach of providing small funds to certain activities in different technical departments in a flexible manner. Some of the field gender specialists have expressed the opinion that the small funds they have received have not been fruitful, and therefore the RBSA funding has been seen as more attractive, as more in-depth and decentralised gender related interventions could be carried out, implemented by actors in the field. A lesson which is yet to be learned is how the RBSA arrangements fall out and as much as possible GENDER should backstop and monitor field activities that are being started up.
• Gender Mainstreaming in ILO/Norway (Partnership Agreement 2006-2007) - Final Evaluation This evaluation has highlighted a difficulty in assessing this Project's activities, as GENDER has stressed that many, or most, of the activities were dependent on the plans and activities of the other five departments involved - as mentioned in this report. The ILO and donor agencies should in the future consider including a full assessment of gender mainstreaming into the overall evaluations of a Partnership Agreement (that includes several departments), instead of evaluating GENDER specifically. Perhaps this would give a more holistic overview of what has been accomplished and the responsibilities would be clearer.
• Gender Mainstreaming in ILO/Norway (Partnership Agreement 2006-2007) - Final Evaluation The Project has targeted ILO/Norway project managers of ILO departments. A lesson drawn is that full appreciation for gender mainstreaming from Department Heads should be ensured as well.
• Gender Mainstreaming in ILO/Norway (Partnership Agreement 2006-2007) - Final Evaluation Full inter-departmental cooperation on gender mainstreaming activities cannot be expected between GENDER staff and other ILO technical units if principles for gender mainstreaming and gender equality are not commonly shared. This includes methods for training and empowering women.
• Gender Mainstreaming in ILO/Norway (Partnership Agreement 2006-2007) - Final Evaluation The mapping and review of ILO's research of gender equality and women empowerment has revealed gaps that need to be followed up as well as lack of coherent and coordinated efforts. For research to be meaningful as a basis for policies and technical cooperation research need to be improved and in so doing the field gender specialists should continue to be actively involved and supported by headquarters. Information sharing between the field and Headquarters on ideas should be further encouraged.
• Poverty reduction through decent employment creation in Liberia - Mid Term Evaluation A programme on decent work in a post-conflict country requires a long-time horizon because of the unpredictability of the environment and the tendency for institutions to have low absorptive capacity.
• Poverty reduction through decent employment creation in Liberia - Mid Term Evaluation In the design of post conflict programmes, time should be allocated to looking also at the coping capacities of beneficiary groups and communities as they move from relief services to pay for services. When this is overlooked, it could threaten the sustainability of such programmes.
• Poverty reduction through decent employment creation in Liberia - Mid Term Evaluation More communication and faster approvals and release of funds by the ILO field office responsible for a post-conflict response would speed up programme implementation.
• Poverty reduction through decent employment creation in Liberia - Mid Term Evaluation Support for programme/project implementation in a post-conflict context with desperate needs has to be quick and should not be weighed down by heavy bureaucracy and management arrangements.
• Poverty reduction through decent employment creation in Liberia - Mid Term Evaluation A post-conflict programme with a strong focus on capacity building should have a training needs assessment to underpin the development of a comprehensive training strategy for timely delivery. This should be spearheaded by the ILO Turin Centre and should be undertaken right at the outset.
• Poverty reduction through decent employment creation in Liberia - Mid Term Evaluation In order to address the merger and capacity building needs of the trade unions and employers associations in a post-conflict context, sufficient time is needed for genuine consultation and conflict-resolution. This is because electing new leaders, developing a new constitution and other vital processes take time and there is a need to do them carefully and according to proper procedures to avoid refuelling tensions.
• Poverty reduction through decent employment creation in Liberia - Mid Term Evaluation When the communities of a location for a project intervention, like road construction, have a high sense of ownership, the communities can provide ready assistance to the project any time such help is needed. For example when the labour-based road construction work reached Barnersville, a built up and waterlogged area, component 1 of the ILO Liberia programme faced problems in locating and acquiring a borrow pit to win gravel material for the construction. An old woman offered one plot of land and a man also offered 3 plots of land free of charge for the construction.
• Preventing trafficking in girls and young women for labour exploitation within China (CP-Ting)- Mid Term Evaluation An important lesson for all partners was the need to work consistently to overcome substantial language barriers as well differences in cultural practices and management styles. Other important lessons include the need for systematic technical backstopping at various levels, streamlined planning tools and methods, and research methods that take into consideration the substantial obstacles to collecting data.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme to eliminate the worst forms of child labour in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - - Mid Term Evaluation The indicators of such projects should be planned more carefully and for projects being implemented in at least two countries the planning may be done more country specific, so that is clear from the very beginning what will be conducted in which country.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme to eliminate the worst forms of child labour in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - - Mid Term Evaluation If gender is not consciously included as part of the Logframe planning process and indicators identified to be able to measure its progress, in other words, it is mainstreamed into the work of an organisation, then like any attempts to mainstream Child Labour so too will gender be seen as an add-on and not given serious attention.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme to eliminate the worst forms of child labour in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - - Mid Term Evaluation Country contexts have to be taken into account, not only programmatically but institutionally as well. In other words, a programme must take account of its local context and country dynamics and translate this into institutional realities. This would add to its legitimacy and credibility.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme to eliminate the worst forms of child labour in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - - Mid Term Evaluation The planning of the project resources, especially the human resources/staff, is in projects of such complexity a very important success factor. This project is understaffed. During the planning of such a complex project specific analysis of the capacity of the constituents particularly with regard to the human resource potentials should be conducted. This may clear up to which degree a tri-partite approach is a realistic tool to achieve project objectives.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme to eliminate the worst forms of child labour in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - - Mid Term Evaluation There was a massive delay for the real (not formal) start up of such a project. The real implementation in the countries started between six and nine months after the formal beginning of the project. The reason behind was ILO internal procedures and processes of co-ordination and planning. This has to be avoided in future projects.
• Supporting the Time-Bound Programme to eliminate the worst forms of child labour in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland - - Mid Term Evaluation In any planning processes, the tendency is often to want to do as much as possible and not consider aspects that are beyond its control. A programme must know what it is accountable for and determine what is in its control. If it is not in control of the project, it should not be in the Logframe.
• Support to development and implementation of time bound measures against worst forms of child labour in Zambia - Mid Term Evaluation In the absence of sufficient government decentralization aimed at propelling effective implementation performance of initiatives to fight the WFCL through appropriate downstream structures, NGOs and CBOs provide a good alternative. Though government is denied the opportunity to build capacity and increase its knowledge base, in the interim NGOs and CBOs provide the necessary stop-gap measures until such a time that government is ready to take up the challenge.
• Support to development and implementation of time bound measures against worst forms of child labour in Zambia - Mid Term Evaluation It is critical to include all major macro-economic variables in the assumptions during the design phase, particularly those which impact on budgetary related issues such as exchange rates, to avoid the potential of failure to meet the target. This would allow for the incorporation of sufficient mitigatory measures in the intervention.
• Support to development and implementation of time bound measures against worst forms of child labour in Zambia - Mid Term Evaluation It is important for the mapping exercise aimed at identifying the most suitable organizations to undertake a given intervention by the POS TBP to also assess parameters such as proposal writing, basic accounting, reporting and filing, of the institutions in question. Thus, the assessment should not just be limited to technical capacity of such institutions. This will avoid an underestimation of the overall resource requirements (in terms of time and funds) to build partner capacity to the desired level for effective implementation performance.
• Support to development and implementation of time bound measures against worst forms of child labour in Zambia - Mid Term Evaluation From the very onset, it is important to appreciate the existence of the tradeoff between the rate at which interventions such as the NAP against the WFCL, with a strong focus on government ownership, on the one hand, and the rate at which such interventions are expected to be implemented, on the other hand. This avoids over-expectation on government¿s expected outputs within a given time frame. If government is to truly own whatever intervention and/or process, it takes time, it is a slow process. On the other hand, where government is hurried through to get certain outputs out, there is always the danger of eroding ownership.
• Support to development and implementation of time bound measures against worst forms of child labour in Zambia - Mid Term Evaluation The most effective CCLCs are those whose members were involved in CL related activities on voluntary basis before becoming committee members. In this regard, it is vitally important to ensure that the correct persons, with a heart for CL are identified and become CCLC members. Getting individuals into membership of these committees because they belong to the right institution may not be adequate and may lead to serious operational difficulties of the CCLCs. For instance, a number of CCLC members were asking for enumeration or some form of incentives, citing the hard work they engage in. This point came out particularly in Kitwe.
• Country Programme to Combat Child Labour in Malawi - Mid-Term Evaluation Given the challenges of working with the Ministry of Labour and Malawi Congress of Trade Unions and the subsequent difficulties in getting things moving, CP Malawi has appreciated the inevitability of working with the tripartite constituents if the fight against child labour is to be won.
• Country Programme to Combat Child Labour in Malawi - Mid-Term Evaluation Given the difficulties of effective communication and its subsequent impact on the project's progress, the importance of frequent and effective communication with all stakeholders within a project at all levels are now clearer.
• Country Programme to Combat Child Labour in Malawi - Mid-Term Evaluation The experience with the Ministry of Labour especially the limited cooperation reveals that in the course of efforts towards the elimination of child labour, failure or delays in mobilising government as a key stakeholder can lead to failure of a project in totality.
• Country Programme to Combat Child Labour in Malawi - Mid-Term Evaluation In view of the need to share experiences, maximize project impact and avoid duplication and confusion at the target districts, the need for planned synergies within APs has been realized and will be planned for in the second half of the project.
• Country Programme to Combat Child Labour in Malawi - Mid-Term Evaluation Given the ability of the IAs to raise supplementary funding from elsewhere as well as develop synergies with other actors such as Ministry of Education, local government and donors, APs have learnt that they can still undertake mobilization work, e.g. for school infrastructure, as they perform their mainstream tasks.
• Projet de promotion du travail décent pour la réduction de la pauvreté dans les communautés vulnérables à la traite des enfants au Cameroun - Final Evaluation The cooperatives' group members are highly motivated and committed to the continuation of their businesses which constitutes a positive precondition for the survival of the cooperatives after the project's end.
• Projet de promotion du travail décent pour la réduction de la pauvreté dans les communautés vulnérables à la traite des enfants au Cameroun - Final Evaluation The majority of the children who were placed in educational and vocational train-ing institutions will probably not be able to continue after the projects end because the LED component of the project was not linked to the child labour component. Thus, the risk of them returning to child labour in its worst forms remains high.
• Projet de promotion du travail décent pour la réduction de la pauvreté dans les communautés vulnérables à la traite des enfants au Cameroun - Final Evaluation The participatory discussions and decision making processes towards project identification within the LCCs are considered very positive and fruitful. Their com-position represented all relevant parts of the local communities. Representatives of the target groups were not only part of the LCCs in a well balanced manner but, they were able to clearly and openly voice their concerns in the meetings.
• Projet de promotion du travail décent pour la réduction de la pauvreté dans les communautés vulnérables à la traite des enfants au Cameroun - Final Evaluation The inclusiveness of the project by making many different segments of society come together and participate in the running of their councils and giving inputs to the five year development plans of these councils will go a long way towards mu-tual understanding and cooperation in the daily management of these councils and their communities. Unfortunately, the decentralisation process in Cameroon is delayed and community structures are not yet operational for integration of these development potentials.
• Projet de promotion du travail décent pour la réduction de la pauvreté dans les communautés vulnérables à la traite des enfants au Cameroun - Final Evaluation Chances of the newly established cooperatives to succeed are quite high because of previously conducted detailed market surveys and a consequent investment in the production of strongly demanded products.
• Working out of poverty Mozambique - Mid Term evaluation When there are several experts involved in planning a programme, it is essential to provide adequate time and specific procedures to ensure that key stakeholders fully understand what is being proposed and actually have a real opportunity to have their concerns and ideas being addressed comprehensively by the planning team.
• Working out of poverty Mozambique - Mid Term evaluation It is important to have the ILO coordinator for the region speaking the official languages of the countries she/he will be responsible for. Even though this measure would not, of course, prevent or resolve some interpersonal problems that might arise between individuals, it would probably help diminish them.
• Working out of poverty Mozambique - Mid Term evaluation Pay attention to Programme timing when there is the need to translate basic documents to the local language. To ensure full participation of some key stakeholders it is necessary to budget enough time especially in the planning phase.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The improvement of coordination and coherence of action among stakeholders at national and regional level; cooperation is vital horizontally, at country level, within individual government structures and between government structures and civil society actors, but also vertically, between countries in the region that are connected by migration routes; it demonstrated the value of coordinated action involving a wide range of different stakeholders committed to human and labour
  rights, and migration governance.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The emphasis it accorded to a global approach to migration, encouraging greater coherence between migration policy and other policy areas, including development and labour policies, and the promotion and protection of human and labour rights.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The promotion of multi-level interventions and cooperative agreements, within countries, giving more space to the role of local and community actors, but also across countries, recognising the supranational realm of migration dynamics.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The importance it attached to keeping country constituents appropriately informed on the progress of activities in their country and in the rest of the project area, thus maintaining a general overview of the project development and achievements, and the opportunity to learn of new methods and identify areas for joint action; this has allowed to overcome a frequent critical aspect in the implementation of projects with a large number of participants, where partners often focus exclusively on their part of activities, with a limited sense of ownership for the overall project experience.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The exposure it ensured to experiences and methods developed in other countries, in and outside the region, concerning the different facets of labour migration addressed by the project, in the different project contexts.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The relevance it accorded to flexibility: activities were adapted to changing dynamics in national contexts, and to incorporate the feedback and inputs collected from national stakeholders, as well as through the investigation of actual trends and needs in the target countries. The country Action Plans could be adapted and made more effective, avoiding that the project gained distance from actual socio-economic trends and political contexts.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The efforts it placed in attracting the interest of the media towards the project and its outcomes.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The cooperation it actively sought with other organisations and donors working with labour migration in the target area.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation Accuracy in ensuring a wide circulation of the outputs and outcomes of the project, so that they are shared with the broader national and international.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation Participatory approach, throughout all project phases, that foresaw the active involvement of key national counterparts, both governmental and nongovernmental, in accordance with actual needs and contexts, thus allowing structured cooperation among all entities with a stake in labour migration, and a growing sense of local ownership of the process.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The structured plan of meetings at national and regional level to exchange views and fine-tune approaches, methodologies and ways of operation, also served as important quality check and learning opportunities.
• Towards sustainable partnerships for the effective governance of labour migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia - Final Evaluation The efforts it placed in building or strengthening the capacity of governmental and nongovernmental actors in dealing with labour migration, focusing on specific project interventions.
• Enhancing labour inspection effectiveness (Global Component) - Final Evaluation Capacity development projects must take a medium term perspective, regarding both implementation and funding. One year is often too short for interventions that aim to strengthen capacity and involve changes to systems, procedures, behaviour and attitudes. This is particularly the case when a project also seeks to expand the political commitment of the participating government and the other social partners.
• Enhancing labour inspection effectiveness (Global Component) - Final Evaluation Building results frameworks into the project design is now a long established standard as it allows for the improvement of planning, implementation and monitoring and assessment. The ILO must build a credible results framework into future designs.
• Enhancing labour inspection effectiveness (Global Component) - Final Evaluation Web sites and other global products can facilitate networking and exchanges of ideas and participation. Beneficiaries appreciate networking and exchanges and the technology for providing this for web sites and global products is available.
• Enhancing labour inspection effectiveness (Global Component) - Final Evaluation The national context of each participating country needs to be assessed and considered in the projects design, to ensure expectations and resources are realistically aligned. In the case of the original group, those countries seeking EU accession had more favourable political conditions. Future project design may be able to weigh resource allocations based on assessment results, to support countries where the context is more challenging or the needs are greater.
• Child labour and youth employment linkages (Phases I and II) Final Evaluation Conditional Cash Transfers: In terms of using available resources for the Brazil activities, it is appreciated that preparation for research, even action-oriented research, takes longer time and requires more reflection than project implementation work. This is perhaps also because there were several programme staff from different units involved at ILO Headquarters and a strong conviction that there is a need to find hard evidence to lay the foundation to strengthen policy advice to countries, such as the case in Brazil.
• Child labour and youth employment linkages (Phases I and II) Final Evaluation The efforts of countries to develop National Action Plans on Youth Employment provided an entry for the IPEC Project to mainstream the concept of the "linkages" in such plans. Within the ILO, cooperation was thus initiated with Youth Employment Network (YEN) and Youth Employment Programme (YEP) regarding the development of approaches through the policy component (component 1), and in particular regarding the preparation of investigations to trace young participants from PETI and Agente Joven in Brazil (the Tracer Study). YEP specialists, for instance, provided inputs in the form of field survey tools that were adapted to the project.
• Child labour and youth employment linkages (Phases I and II) Final Evaluation It was realized at the start that cooperation and dialogue with technical experts from several ILO departments was required. This cooperation seems not to have been easy and has not always satisfied all partners involved. Interviewed actors has emphasised the importance of a continued cooperation and full involvement also in the development of future activities.
• Child labour and youth employment linkages (Phases I and II) Final Evaluation ILO specialists from ACTRAV, ACT/EMP and SAFEWORK have unanimously expressed their views in this evaluation that the responsibility for safe working environments lie with the employers and the trade unions and young workers should not be held responsible for keeping themselves safe at work.
• Child labour and youth employment linkages (Phases I and II) Final Evaluation Promoting conditional cash transfer as a means of social protection: The integration of the Conditional Cash Transfer concept into LEAP in Ghana was an offshoot of research and preparations done for the Tracer Study in Brazil. As such, this was a successful and effective case of knowledge transfer on child labour and youth employment using CCT in Ghana. Regarding efficiency (using resources, such as funds, expertise, time) for the technical input, the activity was made possible through cost sharing by the Project and the ILO. It has been pointed out that this flexibility of utilizing the Project funds has been one of the strengths of the Sida funding arrangements, which allowed the Project managers to respond to up-coming needs in ILO member countries.
• Child labour and youth employment linkages (Phases I and II) Final Evaluation Conditional Cash Transfers: Without diminishing the importance of the activity itself, one lesson to be drawn is that this was not a efficient way of using available resources. It took a long time to reach agreement on the terms of reference for the study and engage a research institute in Brazil that was deemed sufficiently capable to carry out the study. As a result, the actual field study was considerably delayed and did not take off until January-February 2008, with only a few months left for the Project. A draft report now exists in Portuguese, and is going to be translated into English. The report was presented in a workshop in Brasilia in June 2008.
• Child labour and youth employment linkages (Phases I and II) Final Evaluation Supporting staff in the field: One lesson to be learnt is that for a project that is managed from headquarters, technical and moral support is crucial; keeping field staff motivated and encouraged to perform better. The interviews with field staff and other stakeholders indicated that they received good support from ILO Headquarters.
• Child labour and youth employment linkages (Phases I and II) Final Evaluation A lesson to be drawn about safe working environments for young workers is that it is important to continue the dialogue to attempt to reach a consensus within and outside the ILO regarding which approaches can, and should, be used to keep young workers safe. As the experimental phase is moving into an implementation and scaling up phase this becomes even more important.
• Child labour and youth employment linkages (Phases I and II) Final Evaluation Supporting staff in the field: During the course of implementation, the Project facilitated linkages between research institutes and project managers. Through various media such as the Community of Practice as well as web, e-mail, and meetings, it was possible to enable these two categories of professionals to meet and solve problems. This provided the practitioners with the latest expert research and guidelines and the research institutes with an understanding of practical issues. One example is the cross-fertilization which took place in the Pune, India consultation, and the presentation of the issues learned thereby at a subsequent global Congress by one of the OSH institutes which had attended.
• Education and skills training for youth employment (EAST) - Mid Term Evaluation Project expertise : Because of the very significant monitoring responsibilities of a multi faceted Project such as EAST, the Project would have benefited from a technical assistance position of a Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Specialist with responsibilities to set up and maintain an M&E system from the start. It would also have benefitted from a position of Documentation Specialist , with the responsibility not only to document lessons learned and good or ¿proven¿ practices, but also to assist Provincial project staff in documenting effective models of cooperation and the use of various operational guidelines, and feed such information to Jakarta in a systematic way. Such expertise could have eased some of the monitoring and documentation burden from the Project experts and CTA in Jakarta, which in turn could have contributed to the efficiency of obtaining overall results.
• Education and skills training for youth employment (EAST) - Mid Term Evaluation Sub-contracting to Implementing Agencies: Implementation of the six component¿related activities in the Provinces have been sub-contracted to local organisations, many of which are NGOs. One of the reasons for delayed start of the Project is that time and effort of the Project Management and staff had to be spent on identifying and sub-contracting suitable organisations and strengthening their capacity, before implementation could take off. This could have been foreseen at the design stage of the Project - as it is not realistic to expect that local NGOs would easily, or quickly, meet the rather heavy administrative/financial requirements and the specific technical requirements.
• Education and skills training for youth employment (EAST) - Mid Term Evaluation Project Design: ILO and the donor agencies, when planning for new Projects, should strive to have few immediate objectives and strive to design LFs that are user-friendly management tools. Overworked designs have consequences and therefore more realism should be applied as the LF follows the Project to the end and achievements against the framework has to be accounted for in evaluations.
• Promoting the rights and reducing poverty of indigenous and tribal peoples - Final Evaluation The aspect related to Local Economic Development (LED) needs to be revisited, develop capacity, and coordinated better with country staff and other areas at ILO HQ. The initiatives in the countries demonstrate that this is one of the aspects that require greater effort on the part of the ILO.
• Promoting the rights and reducing poverty of indigenous and tribal peoples - Final Evaluation There is an increase of violations of the rights of indigenous peoples in key areas of land, resources, employment and others. If the programme could put in place an alert mechanism to respond to human rights abuses by using Convention 169, UNDRIP and other mechanism, it will give more credibility to ILO.
• Promoting the rights and reducing poverty of indigenous and tribal peoples - Final Evaluation Through the facilitation of PRO 169 indigenous communities have worked with a UN specialized institutions like WIPO and now there is possibility of having an international indigenous Trade Mark. This is very strategic in protecting IPs’ knowledge and IPs’ socio-economic development. It will be an alternative for employment creation and reduction of poverty.
• Promoting the rights and reducing poverty of indigenous and tribal peoples - Final Evaluation The strategy of multi-point entry has proved to be very valuable and has created opportunity for making connections among the UN, regional human rights processes, universities and Indigenous and Tribal Peoples.
• Promoting the rights and reducing poverty of indigenous and tribal peoples - Final Evaluation The programme has a close working relationship with a large number of ILO units and field offices, particularly the Equality Team, the Gender Bureau, the International Training Centre in Turin and labour standards specialists in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and is increasingly seeing effects in terms of in-house mainstreaming (e.g. focus on indigenous peoples in the ILOs programme to combat child labour and forced labour). The programme provides a common framework for the various global, regional and national efforts and initiatives of the ILO on indigenous peoples and has a strong focus on knowledge sharing, documentation of good practices and exchange of experiences, both within the ILO and with partners. The programme has become a model of how technical assistance can complement the supervisory role of the ILO with regards to ratified convention and has inspired the ILOs strategy on how to integrate international labour standards in technical cooperation.
• Improving job quality in Africa through concerted efforts by Governments, Employers and Workers - Final Evaluation The need to take greater care to unpack policy pathways to ensure implementation is on course to achieve the intended results and the related need for thorough project initiation and commencement processes should be noted.
• Improving job quality in Africa through concerted efforts by Governments, Employers and Workers - Final Evaluation Good practices that could be replicated elsewhere were the approach taken to implement the WISE/R component and the materials developed; various innovative strategic approaches taken to implementation during the project; the emphasis on a tripartite collaborative approach which created a framework for participation and cooperation between what are often hostile parties; and an integrated approach to collaboration among various ILO components.
• Prevention and elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Costa Rica - Final Evaluation El apoyo técnico y financiero aportado por el Proyecto a través de sus diferentes componentes, durante sus casi dos años de implementación, podría producir un efecto de dependencia en las contrapartes que participaron en esta iniciativa. Es decir, algunos actores podrían llegar a depender de este aporte técnico y financiero proporcionado por el Proyecto, de manera que una vez que el mismo finalice, algunas acciones podrían detenerse, en detrimento de la sostenibilidad. Es importante ase gurar que la información sobre el alcance y la temporalidad de las acciones del proyecto sean socializadas con todos los actores, de manera que éstos conozcan los aspectos que el Proyecto está en capacidad de solventar y aquellos que deberán resolver por ellos mismos o mediante otras instancias.
• Prevention and elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Costa Rica - Final Evaluation El trabajo infantil y sus peores formas se pueden erradicar mediante la educación, la cual constituye la primordial estrategia del desarrollo. El retorno de los niños a la educación está relacionado con la consolidación de estrategias de índole estatal, privado o internacional que promueven el trabajo decente en los países. Adicionalmente, se percibe la necesidad de vincular la protección de los niños con la articulación de trabajo adecuado para adolescentes mayores en aras de la sostenibilidad.
• Prevention and elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Costa Rica - Final Evaluation No es suficiente que los países cuenten con legislación apropiada, sino también deben desarrollar la coordinación con las instituciones estatales nacionales. Esto se logra mediante el proceso de elaboración de los protocolos interministeriales, mediante el establecimiento de Protocolos que deben seguirse en caso de denuncia, que especifican las instancias a las cuales se debe recurrir, entre otra valiosa información. Este proceso permitió que las diferentes entidades reconocieran sus carencias y la forma en que podrían ser resueltas.
• Prevention and elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Costa Rica - Final Evaluation El fortalecimiento de las capacidades de las instituciones estatales que forman parte de la estrategia del Proyecto, significó un acercamiento hacia la sostenibilidad. Una vez finalizado el Proyecto, los conocimientos y las habilidades permanecerán en los funcionarios ministeriales.
• Prevention and elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Costa Rica - Final Evaluation Se debe contar con supuestos reales en cuanto a la capacidad de respuesta de las instituciones públicas nacionales en términos de tiempo y recursos humanos, con el fin de lograr una adecuada gestión.
• Prevention and elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Costa Rica - Final Evaluation La asesoría técnica en la producción de listados de trabajos peligrosos y protocolos de atención interministerial e intraministerial fue muy importante. No obstante, se deben mantener criterios que establezcan el perfil técnico que deben cumplir los consultores, de manera que estén capacitados para cumplir con los productos requeridos y faciliten la implementación de la estrategia del Proyecto. Esta deficiencia se detectó en la elaboración de protocolos en Guatemala y Nicaragua, aunque la misma fue subsanada por el personal técnico del Proyecto.
• Benchmarking verification project in Central America and the Dominican Republic - Mid Term Evaluation Establishing Fluid Communication with the Officials is Crucial to Facilitate the Preparation of the Verification Report: Collecting information for the verification report involves obtaining data from a large number of departments and offices of the labor ministries and other institutions. Establishing direct contact and fluid communication with officials in charge of managing the information is essential for obtaining all the information on time.
• Benchmarking verification project in Central America and the Dominican Republic - Mid Term Evaluation Focusing technical assistance at strategic issues where the ILO can provide added value: The fact that the WP commitments are extensive while resources for technical assistance are limited has led the project to pursue a strategy of concentrating its technical support in areas where the ILO can add value bearing in mind that the ILO is implementing a wide variety of labor initiatives that overlap with those in the WP.
• Benchmarking verification project in Central America and the Dominican Republic - Mid Term Evaluation Precise indicators are needed to ensure timely and accurate data collection: Detailed and well written indicators support the development of accurate reports as well as speed-up the data collection process. For the data collection process to be efficient and fluid, it is necessary from the beginning of the project to provide training on the content of the indicators to institutional officials who will be involved in the data management process. In addition, as the indicators are adjusted, all key actors involved in data collection should be notified so they can adjust the information to be produced.
• Benchmarking verification project in Central America and the Dominican Republic - Mid Term Evaluation The data collection process has helped raise awareness of the WP in the labor ministries, the judiciary, trade unions, and employer organizations: The process of data collection for the verification reports has led to improved understanding of the contents of the WP, the progress on the commitments, and the remaining challenges to achieving the commitments. This has promoted awareness and understanding among key actors in the sectors involved.
• Benchmarking verification project in Central America and the Dominican Republic - Mid Term Evaluation Sector Meetings Held Prior to the Analysis Workshop Encourage Participation and Buy-in from the Sector Actors: The separate meetings with labor ministries, judicial representatives, trade unions, and employer organizations prior to the tripartite meeting that were held during the last verification report proved to be extremely useful to the participants from each sector. The sectoral meetings helped ensure that the sectors and institutions involved were able to analyze the data matrix more thoroughly and present their observations more clearly during the tripartite workshop.
• Boosting youth employment using an integrated approach in the framework of DWCPs in Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan - Mid Term Evaluation Implementing project pilot activities and using this for empirical analysis drawing deductions for an integrated youth employment strategy is time consuming. To get clear and proofed results the remaining project duration may be not long enough. If possible the project may be prolonged by at least one yer. Another option may be, having a follow on project to assess the outcome of the pilots.
• Boosting youth employment using an integrated approach in the framework of DWCPs in Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan - Mid Term Evaluation The planning of the project resources, especially the human resources/staff is in projects of such complexity are a very important success factor. This project is a little understaffed, especially the number of staff's person months deployed in the two countries. During the planning of such a complex project specific analysis of the capacity of the constituents particularly with regard to the human resource potentials should be conducted. This may clear up to which degree a tripartite approach is a realistic tool to acheive project objectives.
• Boosting youth employment using an integrated approach in the framework of DWCPs in Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan - Mid Term Evaluation An evaluation of such a comprehensive project implemented in two countries should be conducted with two international experts and a larger time frame.
• Boosting youth employment using an integrated approach in the framework of DWCPs in Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan - Mid Term Evaluation The establishment of A Steering Committee (or a functional equivalent body) is indispensible for a successfully information and communication strategy with the constituents and main Stakeholders.
• Boosting youth employment using an integrated approach in the framework of DWCPs in Azerbaijan and Kyrgyzstan - Mid Term Evaluation There was massive delay for the real (not formal) start up of such a project. The real implementation in the countries started between six and nine months after the formal beginning of the project. The reason behind this was ILO internal procedures and processes of co-ordination and planning. this has to be avoided in the future projects.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation The need, if possible, to simplify the due diligence procedures and aggressively market the project among other local banks especially those that have stronger orientation to SME-financing and have nation-wide branch network.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation The need for the project to develop stronger and more effective follow-up of beneficiaries for enhancement of information flow and management of the project.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation That there is significant demand for capacity building by women enterprises in Kenya.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation That the critical mass of potential borrowers in Kenya is in the range of KShs 500,000-1,500,000 as rightly established by the country baseline study regardless of the financiers definition of SMEs.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation That although the contents of the training modules and delivery of training were both rated highly; there is need to consider some form of simplification of the training modules to meet the requirements of some of the potential borrowers. In this respect, some of the project beneficiary respondents felt that the training (over a period of 5 days) was rushed while others felt that it was quite okay.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation That there is need to supplement formal training with 'experiential training' whereby more visits or mentoring sessions by role models are incorporated in the training program.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation The need to market project more aggressively and effectively through a variety of media for greater outreach and dissemination of accurate information.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation The need to set training charges at market rates to facilitate effective participation of BDSPs (trainers) and sustainability of the intervention after project exit.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation The need to strengthen project information management for effective project management, monitoring and evaluation.
• Support to growth-oriented women entrepreneurs in Kenya - Final Joint Evaluation That although training and financing of GOWEs were not mutually inclusive (that is one could benefit from one and not necessarily the other) it would have been more appropriate to train beneficiaries first before recommending them to financial institutions for financing where such a situation arose. This would help minimize the risks of financial losses-which can back fire and dent the image of the financier and implementing agencies. The case for one woman entrepreneur in Mombasa (who said that she felt that she would have utilized her loan more effectively if she had been trained in the first place) attests to this point.
• HIV/AIDS workplace education programme SHARE - Strategic HIV/AIDS Responses by Enterprises - Jamaica - Final Evaluation A lesson learned from the project is that greater responsibility should be given to, and greater use should be made of, the social partners in the design and implementation of project activities to ensure greater support and long term sustainability. Given the special role of the social partners in the ILO, ILO/USDOL project implementation modalities should have focussed more attention on strengthening the capacity of the social partners and their HIV/AIDS workplace programmes.
• HIV/AIDS workplace education programme SHARE - Strategic HIV/AIDS Responses by Enterprises - Jamaica - Final Evaluation The MLSS has agreed to take over the ILO/USDOL project and through its Voluntary Compliance Programme and the eventual OSH Act, to extend it to additional workplaces. While this appears appropriate and commendable, it would have been good for the project to have prepared the MLSS to assume this role from its start. It remains to be seen if the MLSS has sufficient institutional commitment, resources (both human and financial) and technical capability to manage such a programme. The project could have earlier oriented some of its resources toward building the capacity of the MLSS to play the role now expected of it. Thus a lesson learned from the project is the need in future projects to identify in the project design how project-initiated activities are to be sustained over a longer period of time following the conclusion of the project, and then to direct project resources and effort towards ensuring that the institutional framework, resources and technical capacity are in place to ensure sustainability. The adoption of a sustainability plan towards the end of the project may not give enough time to provide resources and support to ensure a successful transition and continuation.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation For the effective management of the Credit Unions a sound financial management background and training is key to the success of these institutions. At the same time, linking social development oriented funds with commercial banking hampers growth and development of the informal sector since entrepreneurs run the risk being not able to obtain follow-up funding from banks to push their business forward, due to a lack of collateral security.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The establishment of the EDF has enhanced capacity at the local level and facilitated the provision of business development services to operators of the informal economy.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The integral parts of enterprise development in Ghana are capacity building; transfer of modern technology and improved methods of production; and provision of small loans. Therefore, training the SBAs and SBEs without backing it up with the other 2 components constituted a gap in the enterprise development effort of the SPGEs.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation Improved collaboration and co-operation between the Assemblies and local private sector operators, leads to enhanced revenue mobilization in the districts as small informal sector businesses form a significantly large proportion of the District Assemblies rate payers.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation Through their work in the project districts, the SPGEs have taught all and sundry the practical lesson that building the capacity of local small business operators to better manage their businesses in key to local economic development.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation Linking the receipt of social development oriented funds like the Social Investment Fund (SIF) and the Millennium Development Authority (MIDA) Fund with commercial banking and leasing institutions is an affront to the growth and development of the informal sector.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation From the training programmes undertaken, oil palm processors have learnt that allowing the palm fruits to ferment before processing as was the practice, results in increased Free Fatty Acid content of the oil, which spoils the quality of the oil for both domestic and industrial use.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The SPGEs are working hard to mobilize savings from client-members of the Credit Unions for onward leading to the members themselves. In recognition of the fact that it takes a medically healthy person to correctly apply and repay a loan, the SPGEs are convincing their clients and facilitating their registration with the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS)
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The District Finance Officer functioning as the Finance Officer to the account of the SPGE is a useful arrangement for accountability strategy as cheques issued on the account automatically go through Internal Audit.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The experience of the Co-operative Credit Unions in Ajumako and Winneba, the 2 pilot Districts, points to the fact that sound financial management background and training is key to the success of the Credit Unions.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The exposure of service providers to ILO Training tools has proved pivotal to capacity building. These tools, including Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB), Value Chains, and SCORE, led to a marked appreciation of the service providers' understanding of the project and their responsibilities.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation Informal sector operators have been convinced they have more to loose than to gain by hiding away from the local authorities, as they soon realized that the local Assembly has a keen interest in the growth of their businesses.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The establishment of the EDF has enhanced capacity at the local level and facilitated the provision of business development services to operators of the informal economy.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The integral component parts of enterprise development in Ghana (like in any other developing country) are capacity building through tailored training programmes; transfer of modern technology and improved methods of production; and provision of small loans at concessionary interest rates. Therefore, training the SBAs and SBEs without backing it up with the other 2 components constituted a gap in the enterprise development effort of the SPGEs.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The involvement of the ILGS proved very useful especially since they have adopted and incorporated the SPGE-concept into their curriculum for training local government staff in the country. This is the strongest vehicle for disseminating information about the qualities of the SPGE-concept.
• Decent work and local development through dialogue and partnership building - Final Evaluation The closer involvement of the Institute of Local Government Studies in the implementation of the Expansion Phase of the GDWCP and LED Initiative, was a step in the right direction as they have adopted and incorporated the SPGE Model into their curriculum for training local government staff in the country. This is the strongest vehicle for disseminating information about the qualities of the SPGE model.
• Time-Bound Programme - Urban Informal Economic Program on Prevention and Elimination of the WFCL in the Urban Informal Economy of Dhaka Metropolitan Area - Final Evaluation When the UIE Project ended, there were no new IPEC projects in the pipeline of support to the TBP. The GoB still has not formally recognised the TBP61 and the MoLE has not yet endorsed the NPA and it is not known if, or when, it will be forwarded to the Cabinet for approval. A lot of conscious efforts have been made to ensure sustainability of systems and models developed under the Project, in particular within the Government structures. There are many uncertainties regarding how the Government will use, maintain and/or develop these tools (CLU, CLMIS, website) and whether or not the Policy will be enforced. This evaluation team has not been convinced, or made to understand, that the MoLE is going to place sufficient efforts or resources in continuing the work started by the UIE Project (the new MoLE revenue-funded Project could be an exception, however, in its third phase the MoLE has not yet recruited the implementing agencies and no work seems to have been done on the ground).
• Time-Bound Programme - Urban Informal Economic Program on Prevention and Elimination of the WFCL in the Urban Informal Economy of Dhaka Metropolitan Area - Final Evaluation The documentation on Implementation Experience and Lessons Learned of the ILO-UIE Project is a good account and practice that could well be useful for other ILO IPEC projects and for other organisations involved in tackling child labour. It explains what was done and how, and what the challenges were – as well as assessing the innovations and their effectiveness, relevance, efficiency and sustainability of each strategy as it has been perceived by the Project staff and stakeholders.
• Time-Bound Programme - Urban Informal Economic Program on Prevention and Elimination of the WFCL in the Urban Informal Economy of Dhaka Metropolitan Area - Final Evaluation An important lesson for ILO and the constituents is that when handling new ILO technical cooperation projects in Bangladesh it is important to keep to the original agreements on project execution and management, in order for implementation of activities not to be hampered – all for the benefit of the target group.
• Social entrepreneurship targeting youth in South Africa (SETYSA) - Final Evaluation Care should be taken in the promotion of 'micro social enterprises'. This is a rare model of enterprise and can be difficult to pursue. Enterprise development in poor communities can be frustrated by supply-oriented interventions that force aspiring business people to provide a social good or service. Business development in these locations is hard enough without forcing unemployed people to take on these idealist models of development that are largely untested.
• Social entrepreneurship targeting youth in South Africa (SETYSA) - Final Evaluation A sound monitoring and evaluation system is essential. Within this system, care should be taken to ensure the indicators used accurately measure the progress and outcomes of the project.
• Social entrepreneurship targeting youth in South Africa (SETYSA) - Final Evaluation The role of the project steering committee should be clearly described. In the case of a project such as this, which focuses on policy reform and programme innovation, the steering committee should invest its time in carefully assessing and debating the documents and resources the project produces.
• Social entrepreneurship targeting youth in South Africa (SETYSA) - Final Evaluation Building networks and creating space for dialogue among key government and non-government actors has proven to be an important function of this project. This space builds local alliances, encourages the sharing of knowledge and experience, and supports the introduction of new programmes and services.
• Social entrepreneurship targeting youth in South Africa (SETYSA) - Final Evaluation Business plan competitions are a useful way of mobilising local communities and stimulating a demand for services, but they have their weaknesses. The level of frustration and dissatisfaction among competitors, even finalists and winners, can be discouraging in the long term. Competitions can also distort markets and create artificial incentives.
• Social entrepreneurship targeting youth in South Africa (SETYSA) - Final Evaluation The promotion of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship has particular resonance in the community sector. While social enterprise often falls between the policy and programme silos of economic development and social development, an important field that was not fully pursued by the SETYSA project is to help community organisations to become more entrepreneurial or business like in their approach.
• Social entrepreneurship targeting youth in South Africa (SETYSA) - Final Evaluation The SETYSA project was a supply-oriented project. While this kind of project is somewhat unfashionable in enterprise development circles, projects like this have an important role to play in helping policymakers and practitioners to deal with the challenges they face. However, when designing and implementing a project of this sort, care should be taken to avoid distorting markets at the local or micro level.
• Social entrepreneurship targeting youth in South Africa (SETYSA) - Final Evaluation It is important to establish a sound policy and institutional base for the promotion of social enterprise and social entrepreneurship before specific attention is given to special target groups or sectors. However, once this base is formed, there may be value in exploring the potential of social enterprise as a model for social and economic development among specific groups and job-rich sectors.
• Improved occupational safety and health systems in Northwest Russia - Final Evaluation There is a lack of qualified local specialists in North-West Russia and no region-wide system of training of specialists in line with modern international standards. The majority of OSH (Occupational Safety and Health) specialists and managers are not clear about OSH management systems. There are a lot of competing systems and OSH specialists do not know what the difference between them is and how to implement them in practice.
• Improved occupational safety and health systems in Northwest Russia - Final Evaluation Unions appear to be the weakest side in the tripartite partnership formula. They have difficulties in defining their role in OSH (Occupational Safety and Health) matters and were not able to clearly define their contribution to the project objectives. They consider themselves to be "weak" and not having enough "weight" to influence OSH situation in general. They also think that it is the government authorities, who are the key players in this regard, while the unions are more of a kind of a moral "prosecutor" vis-à-vis the employers.
• Improved occupational safety and health systems in Northwest Russia - Final Evaluation Partners consider that the project is short of staff, which limits its capacity to make a stronger impact at a broader level. Partners see it as a weakness of the project.
• Improved occupational safety and health systems in Northwest Russia - Final Evaluation There has been no involvement of St. Petersburg authorities into the project, which is unfortunate, because the City of St. Petersburg is important in example-setting as one of the most significant academic and intellectual centers in the nation.
• Promoting decent work and gender equality in Yemen - Final Evaluation The Directorate General of Woman Workers (DGWW) has the potential to showcase the good practices of this project. DGWW should begin to encourage employers and business men who have already collaborated with DGWW's programs and found them useful and beneficial to share their experiences with their colleagues and fellow employers. DGWW could play a catalytic role in arranging and organizing such meetings and in ensuring media coverage for them. Hearing about positive results from a fellow-employer, could act as an incentive for others to join in the training and sensitization activities. It would also serve the purpose of marketing the program through spreading knowledge and information about it among stakeholders and potential partners.
• Asistencia técnica para la mejora de la coordinación de los flujos migratorios de Senegal, Mauritania y Mali à España - Final Evaluation Las acciones que pretenden influir sobre procesos y cambiar políticas gubernamentales de temas tan sensibles como el que nos ocupa, deben ser mucho más lentos y prever acciones que promuevan una mayor sensibilización tanto para los organismos ejecutores locales para que cambien mentalidades y promuevan procesos transparentes como para los potenciales beneficiarios para garantizar el acceso a la información de los procesos puestos en marcha.
• Asistencia técnica para la mejora de la coordinación de los flujos migratorios de Senegal, Mauritania y Mali à España - Final Evaluation El proyecto no ha sido testeado en su totalidad como para obtener unos conocimientos profundos sobre aquellos aspectos replicables y pueden constituir buenas prácticas. Es preciso testear tanto las herramientas informáticas de gestión como los módulos de formación diseñados. Sin embargo se intuye que el proceso de descentralización puesto en marcha va a permitir que la población beneficiaria tenga más acceso al proceso de contratación en origen, que hasta ahora se centraba en la ciudad de Dakar.
• Asistencia técnica para la mejora de la coordinación de los flujos migratorios de Senegal, Mauritania y Mali à España - Final Evaluation Las sinergia establecida entre la OIT y la OIM, que es el referente en el sector en la zona, han beneficiado a la consecución de los objetivos del Proyecto y muestra una vía intere-sante para el desarrollo de acciones conjuntas en el futuro.
• Asistencia técnica para la mejora de la coordinación de los flujos migratorios de Senegal, Mauritania y Mali à España - Final Evaluation Hay que ser conscientes de que no puede trabajarse con prisas y sin concertación previa con el socio local, prueba de ello es el proceso de contratación en origen de trabajadoras temporales para la fresa, que se desarrolló en plena ejecución de este proyecto, aunque fuera del entorno del mismo, y que fue un fracaso con respecto a los objetivos previstos en el proyecto.
• Asistencia técnica para la mejora de la coordinación de los flujos migratorios de Senegal, Mauritania y Mali à España - Final Evaluation Así mismo, es destacable el proceso de toma de contacto con otras Agencias y organismos que trabajan en programas de reforzamiento de capacidades económicas de las regiones de país más afectadas por los procesos migratorios par la adopción de programas y acciones conjuntas que potencien tanto la formación de trabajadores en origen como acciones encaminadas a promover la migración regular en la fase de retorno de los trabajadores con contratos temporales, y desarrollar acciones en sus comunidades de origen que valoricen el capital adquirido por estos trabajadores.
• Asistencia técnica para la mejora de la coordinación de los flujos migratorios de Senegal, Mauritania y Mali à España - Final Evaluation Un proyecto como el que se evalúa es demasiado ambicioso para ejecutarlo en un año de duración. Si tenemos en cuenta que el proyecto pretende poner en marcha un procedimiento que no existía y que era desconocido por la contraparte, el gobierno de Senegal, el proceso debería haber contado con tiempo suficiente, previo al proyecto o bien como una línea de trabajo previa, para establecer los contactos gubernamentales oportunos y conocer la estructura con la que se iba a trabajar.
• Increasing employability of disadvantaged young women and men and other marginalized groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia through Skills Development and Entrepreneurial Education- Final Evaluation National governments are undertaking activities aimed at making labour market policy mechanisms more effective by undertaking a comprehensive review of the existing unemployment and labour market monitoring systems.
• Increasing employability of disadvantaged young women and men and other marginalized groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia through Skills Development and Entrepreneurial Education- Final Evaluation National governments are undertaking activities aimed at making labour market policy mechanisms more effective by a better design of effective services and procedures accompanying job matching activities and support to the unemployed.
• Increasing employability of disadvantaged young women and men and other marginalized groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia through Skills Development and Entrepreneurial Education- Final Evaluation National governments are undertaking activities aimed at making labour market policy mechanisms more effective with the development of methodologies to forecast labour demand with a view to facilitate balanced development of the labour and training services markets.
• Increasing employability of disadvantaged young women and men and other marginalized groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia through Skills Development and Entrepreneurial Education- Final Evaluation National governments are undertaking activities aimed at making labour market policy mechanisms more effective with better organisation of training and retraining of job seekers based on modern training methodologies and techniques.
• Increasing employability of disadvantaged young women and men and other marginalized groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia through Skills Development and Entrepreneurial Education- Final Evaluation A more active dissemination strategy would have yielded better results. As the project involved numerous activities and application of many tools and approaches, more proactive dissemination strategy could have been used to provide access to the experience obtained, for example, putting materials on internet or preparing these for dissemination in the form of electronic multimedia disks. Though many publications and promotional materials were being disseminated through different seminars and other events, it seems to be not enough to meet the demands of constituents (especially in the regions and local communities) in the target countries.
• Increasing employability of disadvantaged young women and men and other marginalized groups in the Caucasus and Central Asia through Skills Development and Entrepreneurial Education- Final Evaluation Both at the preparation and implementation stages, the project would have benefited from a greater effort to explain its role in the reform process through a PR campaign to explain to a wide audience, especially to policy-makers, the objectives and expected impact of the project. This could have greatly facilitated many aspects of processing the project implementation. Those journalists who were involved in the project training and capacity building activities could have been attracted to participate in the project PR campaign.
• Programa integrado de apoyo para la reactivación del empleo en la Argentina (AREA) - Final Evaluation Por Mejor Práctica entendemos a una acción que ha rendido servicio en un determinado contexto y que responde a tres criterios: i. ha funcionado, ii. está probada, y iii. es replicable. Esto incluiría temas muy amplios tales como metodologías para realizar acciones concretas en el marco de un proyecto (tanto de aspectos de ejecución técnica como de la gestión administrativa de los proyectos), o como los resultados obtenidos de las acciones. Cabría incluir por ejemplo: 'sistemas de información para gestión de proyectos', metodologías para realizar 'Tests de potencialidad exportadora para PyMEs', bases de datos de consultores o si hablamos de 'outputs' (o productos finales) podrían ser mejores prácticas estudios de mercado', o 'normas técnicas adaptadas al mercado local', por solo citar algunos ejemplos.
• Programa integrado de apoyo para la reactivación del empleo en la Argentina (AREA) - Final Evaluation El involucramiento de las Universidades es altamente positivo para los beneficiarios de las acciones de capacitación que se llevan a cabo así como para las mismas Universidades que se vinculan más estrechamente al territorio. El sector de la FP en Argentina representa un ejemplo de los logros que el involucramiento de los actores sociales permite de alcanzar.
• Programa integrado de apoyo para la reactivación del empleo en la Argentina (AREA) - Final Evaluation El mismo comentario se puede aplicar al tema de FP. En esta materia el MTEySS ahora cuenta con un sistema completo de desarrollo de la formación profesional que va a lograr un elevado alcance cuando implemente el Préstamo del Banco Mundial. Este sistema de formación por competencias, los acuerdos territoriales y sectoriales, el fortalecimiento de la calidad de la oferta, el diálogo social se constituye en una lección aprendida que puede ser transferida a otros países de la región.
• Programa integrado de apoyo para la reactivación del empleo en la Argentina (AREA) - Final Evaluation Bajo el concepto anterior en el Programa AREA se han encontrado algunas interesantes mejores prácticas que cumplen con los requisitos antes expuestos. La OIT como Organización internacional que tiene alta relación con los estados nacionales, sindicatos y gremios empresariales, presenta condiciones para ampliar en forma significativa su accionar en proyectos que promuevan las políticas activas del mercado de trabajo, pues tiene los instrumentos necesarios para brindar asistencia técnica en todas las áreas fundamentales de dichas políticas. En ese sentido la reciente experiencia de la OIT en Argentina la presentan como una institución creíble para replicar y ejecutar programas como el de la presente evaluación. Este vehículo que es la OIT podría ser utilizado por otros Donantes en la ejecución de programas de asistencia técnica de la amplitud del programa AREA.
• Programa integrado de apoyo para la reactivación del empleo en la Argentina (AREA) - Final Evaluation La metodología desarrollada por parte del Componente DEL se ha replicado en diversas situaciones regionales del Programa, logrando un estándar de trabajo que genero resultados similares en situaciones diferentes. El enfoque de DEL contó con el diseño de estrategias en parte probadas en otras regiones o países, pero se fue adecuando a la realidad nacional, con un importante trabajo y puesta en práctica de una escala elevada en relación a otras experiencias conocidas por los evaluadores. Se puede indicar que el modelo de intervención territorial desarrollado puede ser adecuado para otras regiones no trabajadas por AREA o llevadas a otros países.
• Programa integrado de apoyo para la reactivación del empleo en la Argentina (AREA) - Final Evaluation AREA es un buen ejemplo de como el diseño de metodologías adecuadas para la planificación y monitoreo de las actividades y su aplicación a lo largo de la ejecución de un proyecto contribuyen a mejorar la eficiencia y eficacia de la gestión. El respaldo de las autoridades nacionales y organizaciones internacionales para el arranque de procesos de desarrollo de iniciativas territoriales no tiene solo las ventajas mas evidentes, en particular en términos de recursos, sino que aumenta también el poder de convocatoria y por lo tanto las posibilidades de éxito.
• Programa integrado de apoyo para la reactivación del empleo en la Argentina (AREA) - Final Evaluation En relación a los componentes del Programa el modelo desarrollado para las OME es una buena práctica, dado que ha resultado exitoso en varias circunstancias diferentes, por operar en distintas regiones y culturas del país. Todos los instrumentos desarrollados por AREA son parte de un modelo de intervención efectiva en los municipios de Argentina y pueden ser aprovechables en otros países de la región.
• PAMODEC Phase II - Projet d'appui à la mise en oeuvre des principes et droits fondamentaux au travail (Phase II) - Final Evaluation L’interaction dynamique entre les membres de la Cellule Tripartite de Suivi (CTS) renforce le tripartisme et augmente son efficacité dans la mise en oeuvre des activités.
• PAMODEC Phase II - Projet d'appui à la mise en oeuvre des principes et droits fondamentaux au travail (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Le dialogue social est un outil primordial de la gestion tactique et stratégique des ressources humaines.
• PAMODEC Phase II - Projet d'appui à la mise en oeuvre des principes et droits fondamentaux au travail (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Le consensus et la complémentarité sont des facteurs de succès au sein des Cellule Tripartite de Suivi
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation Education or vocational training as an alternative to education: In addition to promoting an anti trafficking legislation, LUTRENA invested considerable effort in providing children with educational opportunities. Children were helped to get birth certificates, enrolled in school, given uniforms, schoolbags, footwear, learning materials and extra lessons. Withdrawn or prevented children were closely monitored by community groups that checked on their attendance and performance. Children who have passed the age for school enrolment were offered skills training or apprenticeship opportunities in their towns and villages. Thus, children were provided with viable alternatives that significantly reduced their exposure to trafficking.
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation Improving the legal environment at national level: Effective networking has been developed between the project, other UN agencies and NGOs to advocate and lobby for laws against child trafficking to be put in place.
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation Governments and other political authorities: The project enabled members of parliament to attend workshops where they were briefed on child trafficking. This helped the process of having laws voted in by parliaments. Ministers and their officials have piloted actions related to child labour and trafficking, including child protection, education, social work, repatriation, hazardous labour etc. Collaboration with governments enhances sustainability of project interventions, as does supporting them to establish the administrative infrastructure needed to put policy into practice.
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation Addressing all stages of the trafficking chain: LUTRENA was designed to address both the supply and the demand for child labour and the project has succeeded in doing this through (i) working to improve knowledge and opportunity in communities that supply child labour, (ii) increasing knowledge and recognition of trafficking along identified trafficking routes and (iii) putting in place legal deterrents to trafficking. Experience has confirmed the validity of the original hypothesis but has also demonstrated that the need for viable alternatives is beyond the scope of the project to meet alone, emphasising the importance of tackling key child trafficking issues through both policy and practice interventions.
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation Multi-partner: LUTRENA is a powerful network in itself. Its interventions span 12 countries in West and Central Africa and in each country the project collaborates with partners across the spectrum of the child trafficking continuum: central political and administrative authorities, their regional and decentralised offices, international and national NGOs and institutions, grassroots organisations, trade unions with particular emphasis on transport unions, parents, teachers, and children. Implementing agencies have played a particularly important role because they were the ones who carried the project to the most remote areas.
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation Teachers: Teachers received training on gender issues and child trafficking and in Mali many taught the model child trafficking lesson (developed during the course of the project) to their students. Their involvement in the project enabled them to work with and understand more about excluded or traumatised children and become more proficient in their work.
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation Children's rights are central to the fight to end child labour. A discussion during the evaluation stakeholder workshop made it clear that project personnel were aware of the risk that legislation to protect children from traffickers may have the effect of limiting their mobility, because, while traffickers can afford to pay bribes to access the necessary documentation, poor children and families may not even be able to afford to access it legitimately.
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation The general public: Extensive and varied awareness-raising initiatives at community level have deeply transformed many people's ideas and behaviour concerning children and child trafficking. Community networks against child trafficking have been established and woman groups have been trained and are actively involved in anti-trafficking activities.
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation Law enforcement agents: Training police officers, gendarmes, and customs officers to detect trafficking patterns is important and the project has organised a series of national and local workshops ¿ but the only sustainable solution is for government to make this part of the basic training for all such workers.
• Combating the trafficking of children for labour exploitation in West and Central Africa LUTRENA project (A programme framework) - Final Evaluation Income generation: The root cause of child trafficking is poverty. The project attempted a sustainable response to this through support for income generating activities for parents' groups, local vigilance committees and school management committees, among others. Such groups were trained in various activities and supplied with equipment such as cassava grinding mills, bread ovens and materials for soap and cosmetic production etc. The amount of money invested in income generation couldn¿t meet everyone¿s needs but it is a good practice that demonstrates how grassroots organisations can organise themselves and develop a range of activities to increase their economic potential. While the groups visited during the evaluation would have benefitted from longer support and further training and opportunities concerning micro finance this should not detract from the fact that support for income generation is essential for projects hoping to develop a sustainable response to child trafficking.
• Combating forced labour and trafficking of Indonesia migrant workers (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Underlying rationale for the project: "The existence of clandestine and poorly regulated migration agencies coupled with a poor regulatory environment and vulnerabilities such as poverty, lack of choice and poor education have resulted in communities and individuals being unable to make informed choices regarding labour migration, nor to advocate for their own rights and protection. While the protection of migrant workers has been identified as a priority within successive national development plans of Indonesia, progress towards the protection of migrant workers has proven insufficient to protect migrant workers from exploitation and abuse both domestically and within receiving countries[1] ". This lesson came from the mid-term evaluation of the project's first phase and is still valid. This evaluator notes that it is valid to try to tackle migrant domestic worker vulnerabilities through awareness raising, advocacy and technical cooperation with the view to improved policy and legislative measures. It is appropriate to provide protection, outreach, livelihoods and reintegration services to migrant domestic workers, particularly those most vulnerable to forced labour and trafficking. It is valid to combine these efforts with work on improving the capacity of government and other key stakeholders to combat forced labour and trafficking.
• Combating forced labour and trafficking of Indonesia migrant workers (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Community support: Support for communities sending migrant workers overseas has been demonstrated as both viable and effective, to the extent that CFLTIMW Phase II has been able to reach them. The extent to which this will continue and increase in the future is highly dependent on the continuation and sustainability of the activities being implemented by the large number of organisations that ILO has involved in this type of support. Of particular importance will be the extent to which local government can become more actively involved in offering practical programs of support to these communities; and the extent to which communities will gain confidence and trust in them as they do this.
• Combating forced labour and trafficking of Indonesia migrant workers (Phase II) - Final Evaluation The natural role of NGOs: NGOs with a poverty alleviation and human rights focus have a natural role to play in working with either prospective or returning migrant workers. NGOs focusing on women migrant domestic workers have a particularly valuable role to play. These NGOs will likely have their own methodologies, or will have adopted and adapted ILO methodologies to enable them to have the capacity for this type of work well into the future. But they cannot do this without continued access to funds from outside their own organisations and if attention is not paid to this may be forced to move away from programs targeting migrant workers
• Combating forced labour and trafficking of Indonesia migrant workers (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Complexity of capacity building: Organisational capacity building has proven more complex and requiring more support than was envisaged in the original design. This situation was not helped by poor stakeholder analysis during design. The evaluator suggests that better analysis up front would have likely resulted in greater organisational impact through a less ambitious set of training activities. However the evaluator also suggests that this statement is much easier made in hindsight and should not in any way denigrate the large number of training exercises that the project has achieved to the best of its ability.
• Combating forced labour and trafficking of Indonesia migrant workers (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Reporting: Project reporting has managed quite well to provide analysis of how the various activities and their outputs have been contributing to the achievement of outcomes. Project reporting has managed quite well to provide analysis of how the various activities and their outputs have been contributing to the achievement of outcomes. But reliance on access to partner internal documentation as means of verification is problematic because it assumes that partners have or can make available their documents and that project staff have the time to collect them. Reliance on a large number of surveys is likely to fall short in terms of time and resources available. Overly complicated survey and study requirements within a project's M&E system often fail to either be undertaken or to produce useable results.
• Combating forced labour and trafficking of Indonesia migrant workers (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Awareness raising as the driver for change: Public and official awareness raising is very important because this aspect of the project's work is a major driver for change. The project demonstrates that its methodologies are able to raise awareness in sending communities and to help generate dialogue and mechanisms accordingly. Linking these with economic/livelihoods development is a project strength. The challenges for the future are to further raise public awareness in the more rural, poorer and remote areas from which significant numbers of migrant workers come and to help Indonesia scale up efforts to meet the major needs of thousands of sending communities. Efforts to more closely link district legislative work with village programs are likely to be beneficial. In the wider region, progress has been excellent as far as the work being done by trade unions, migrant worker associations and NGO organisations. The challenge is to translate this now into effective advocacy programs that will influence entrenched public opinion (particularly among employers of migrant domestic workers) and convince reluctant governments that more comprehensive policy and legislation support for migrant workers is urgently required.
• Combating forced labour and trafficking of Indonesia migrant workers (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Data collection: The collection, analysis and dissemination of statistical information on migrant workers is still a weakness, although BNP2TKI is making serious efforts to improve this. This needs to be addressed if Indonesia is to be able to have confidence that it is dealing with migrant worker problems comprehensively. It is simply not good enough to state that a notional number of millions of people are overseas as migrant workers at any one time and to quote vague and unsubstantiated figures for the value of remunerations to Indonesia.
• Combating forced labour and trafficking of Indonesia migrant workers (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Risk analysis: Both project design and implementation benefit from risk analysis and management methodologies. This need not be overly complicated or onerous, and should only be used for analysis of external risks, such as effects of overall economic changes, changes to government policies in project countries, deterioration of stakeholder relationships, or deterioration of relations between governments on migrant worker issues.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth in Ethiopia and Madagascar (Overview Report) - Component I: Building a common policy understanding - Final Evaluation Piloting new approaches requires that they be tested at a sufficiently significant scale to demonstrate that they can be replicated at a larger scale, and that they be documented through a knowledge management system to contribute to national policy making.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth in Ethiopia and Madagascar (Overview Report) - Component I: Building a common policy understanding - Final Evaluation Studies, training activities or workshops are not sufficient to bring about institutional changes. They need integration with a global strategy with clear objectives, coupled with a well-defined support package. These all need to be backed up by a strong knowledge management system which was not adequate in the case of this project.
• HIV/AIDS prevention and impact mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa - Mid-Term Evaluation This programme represents a very innovative model within ILO whereby a thematic area has been successfully integrated with a number of other issues. Integration is an important ethos of the programme and a stimulant behind the programme design. The programme is able to demonstrate a new way of working in ILO, effectively engaging a number of technical units and helping to mainstream HIV/AIDS in the core business of the organisation. In the course of breaking new ground in this way, the programme has learnt important lessons about how the organisational and management structures of the organisation need to support such integrated initiatives.
• Employment-intensive growth for Indonesia: Job opportunities for young women and men (JOY) - Mid Term Evaluation Directly facilitating "quick wins" for LED (Local Economic Development) communities reinforces the benefits of the approach and inspires participants, but care needs to be taken to ensure that communities do not become dependent on outside assistance and can develop solutions for themselves.
• Employment-intensive growth for Indonesia: Job opportunities for young women and men (JOY) - Mid Term Evaluation Outsourcing research projects to local universities and providing guidance on presenting this research in a way that might best influence government policy has both advanced the project's objectives and built local capacity. If ILO offices have the expertise and capacity to provide such guidance and development to local universities, the approach should be emulated.
• Employment-intensive growth for Indonesia: Job opportunities for young women and men (JOY) - Mid Term Evaluation The multi-stage process used by the team in introducing the LED component of project to stakeholders in East Java and in selecting pilot communities appears to have worked very well. The approach should be documented in a "step-by-step" guide for application in other countries.
• Employment-intensive growth for Indonesia: Job opportunities for young women and men (JOY) - Mid Term Evaluation JOY has positioned itself well to advance its own project objectives and those of the DWCP by influencing the new Medium Term Development Plan. Given that this top level planning process happens only every five years and shapes subsequent agency, provincial and district strategic action plans, this is a good mechanism for advancing ILO initiatives in general in Indonesia.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation When a whole year is lost in a three-year project, a reprogramming exercise needs to be undertaken at commencement. Activities need to be comprehensively reviewed and chosen on the basis of what can best achieve the project's objectives - not solely on the basis of budget preservation. Consultation with partners in participating countries should take place as part of this process. ILO's criteria for project performance and reprogramming need to be reviewed with emphasis placed on achievement of project objectives and not on project fund delivery.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation Too much emphasis can be placed on maintaining project 'delivery rates' at the expense of achieving effective and sustainable outcomes. All staff, including the CTA, felt that there was unrelenting pressure placed on them to increase the delivery rate and that the project suffered as a result.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation Engaging stakeholders in the design and management of practical projects is a very effective way of raising awareness of youth employment in Pacific Island Countries. Such projects can connect the stakeholders more directly with the realities of the youth labour market than simply talking about the issues in workshops and the like.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation To this end, project steering committees need to be established and be active in each project location. They should make recommendations on which projects are funded, but ILO should retain the final decision (for example, to avoid the situation in Kiribati where an unsustainably large number of people were attached to some CB TREE projects). Consideration should also be given to reimbursing steering committee members for their attendance (i.e. when they attend in their own time).
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation 'Pilot projects' are by definition designed to test the effectiveness of different approaches. To do this, there is a need to put in place processes to gather outcome data that relate to the project¿s objectives ¿ e.g. quantitative and qualitative information on businesses created or expanded, income generated, people getting jobs etc. There is also a need for ongoing monitoring and, where required, remedial action by project staff. This was not done systematically or well in YEP.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation It would be far better to run a few projects and resource them well than to run many projects on a shoestring budget.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation Technical backstopping is vital to the success of multi disciplinary projects like YEP. ILO enterprise specialists (e.g. for SIYB), skills specialists (e.g. for CB TREE) and Youth Employment specialists needed to be better used in the delivery of the project, 48 particularly the pilots. Where NPOs have a major role in coordinating projects, they should have direct access to this support.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation Where closely related ILO projects are or have been operating in a country, opportunities for collaboration in project delivery should be fully explored (e.g. SBDC in PNG).
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation Just because SIYB and CB TREE are separate ILO programs, run by separate ILO divisions, they do not need to be separated in their application. SIYB training is probably superior to the TEP business training provided under CB TREE and could have been embedded in CB TREE projects. These things are just tools.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation Where such third party organizations are contracted to deliver ILO methodologies such as CB TREE, they need access to technical support and advice. Their performance also needs to be closely monitored by the ILO.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation More research is needed on the entrepreneurship training needs of youth, particularly those in the age group 16 to 21. As the SIYB trainers pointed out they have specific personal development and skill needs and face a range of additional barriers to starting their own businesses. SIYB may need to be adapted to better meet these needs.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation Workshops have their place, but it can be frustrating for partner organizations to be simply shown what they are not doing without being given practical follow up assistance (e.g. the Labour Market Information and Analysis workshops).
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation A project exit strategy needs to be developed at least three months prior to the project conclusion. Where activities are expected to continue beyond the project completion date, alternative support and monitoring mechanisms need to be put in place.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation Projects suffer when the ILO 'borrows' project staff to do other things. The CTA was regularly required to fill in for the previous Director (who was often away and making his transition to retirement). As they were the only ILO staff in their countries, National Officers were often required to attend to other ILO business (e.g. DWCP and UN meetings). The Vanuatu NPO was required to organise a major conference and various other events and consultations. While it is acknowledged that these activities have raised the profile of ILO and YEP, it has reduced the time available to project staff to run YEP.
• Sub-regional programme on education, employability and decent work for youth in the Pacific Islands - Final Evaluation Although the choice of project delivery partners was sometimes limited, more care needs to be taken in selecting organizations to manage activities. In some cases, they had neither the resources nor the expertise to effectively support the activities they were contracted to manage (e.g. CB TREE in Vanuatu). Paying such providers 80% of their fee up-front is asking for trouble - as was proven in a number of locations, many then had little incentive to deliver all that they had promised or to comply with administrative requirements.
• Asistencia para el fortalecimiento del dialogo social, de los derechos fundamentales en el trabajo y la inspección, vigilancía y control - Final Evaluation En el mismo sentido ha sido muy apropiada la instalación y funcionamiento del Comité Tripartito de las Actividades del Proyecto, que tuvo once reuniones durante el desarrollo del mismo (la última, el 17 de noviembre de 2009)
• Asistencia para el fortalecimiento del dialogo social, de los derechos fundamentales en el trabajo y la inspección, vigilancía y control - Final Evaluation La promoción de los objetivos del proyecto mediante un permanente ejercicio participativo conducente a la implantación del diálogo y participación social, sectorial y tripartita en las distintas fases del Proyecto. De esta forma las partes destinatarias no sólo han sido la población o grupo objeto del proyecto sino que además - y principalmente- han sido "sujetos prioritarios" del Proyecto. En otros términos, las partes lo han considerado y estimado como "suyo".
• Asistencia para el fortalecimiento del dialogo social, de los derechos fundamentales en el trabajo y la inspección, vigilancía y control - Final Evaluation También ha sido muy provechoso para la efectividad y eficiencia del Proyecto, la designación de 'Focales', las que además de cumplir con creces las funciones de intermediación asignadas, han sido un factor determinante en la promoción de la igualdad de género.
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation The E-SIYB project was the first livelihood recovery assistance project in Sichuan province. Prompt response of the ILO with secured funding form DFID has drawn very high support and attention from the government. This shows that in a post crisis situation, a rapid response is a critical factor for success, particularly for short term projects.
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation The E-SIYB project strengthened the project management capacity of the counterpart government agencies, the capacity of the training institutions, master trainers and trainers and some 2400 trainee. The above-mentioned capacity building under this project formed a solid technical platform for the national partners to continue cooperation with ILO, other international donor agencies or NGOs (like Red Cross).
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation In a post crisis situation, the previous work of the ILO can be strategically utilized for designing effective post crisis intervention. In the case of the E-SIYB project, ILO has selected MoHRSS and its provincial branches to implement training activities. This alliance has became a key strength of the project as well as an opportunity for the E-SIYB project to use range of facilities such as training centres, training equipments, transport facilities, accessibility to locations and also existing SIYB trainers and master trainers.
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation The E-SIYB project has not adequately considered the need of the non-regulatory business support services specially the services that are important to the 24 feasible business opportunities identified and recommended for the rural vulnerable group based businesses. For example organic pig and chicken breeding may need a good veterinary service available to rural entrepreneurs to be success in their businesses. The lesson learned with this regard is to incorporate a component to develop non regulatory business support services to provide follow-up services for individual and group businesses.
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation Shared mission, goal and strategy with the PRC Government, thus the national and local project partners regard this project as a top priority in their work.
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation Vertical and horizontal coordination and support by the government agencies, non-government agencies and training institutions.
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation Needs assessments were conducted before the design and during implementation of this project, and the training contents were fine tuned to accommodate the new needs, such as increasing demand in the construction or infrastructure sector.
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation Some stakeholders have seen the ILO as a "technical assistance provider" plus a "financial assistance provider" due to the reason that the E-SIYB project had a grant component. Hence, this has created a perception that in future extensions, the ILO would continue to provide both technical assistance and financial assistance. Therefore, it would have been better, if the ILO had sleeked collaboration with an existing micro finance institute/organisation to disburse the grants to qualified grant applicants even in an emergency livelihood development projects.
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation Establishment of the local project office in Chengdu was another strong factor that contributed to effective co-ordination and communication among stakeholders. It has been considerably helpful for the local project team to monitor the quality of the training and also to provide on the job follow-up support for newly trained trainers. It is an important lesson to establish local technical team of the project geographically closer to the implementing partners (in this case training institutes) and to the intended beneficiates.
• Livelihood recovery in Sichuan Project: (Re)starting business through (SIYB) Strengthen and Improve Your Business - Final Evaluation Enabling government policies, regulations, measures, subsidises, tax incentives, registration procedures for business set ups, easier access to micro-finance facilitated E-SIYB training and business start ups or improvement.
• Skills training strategies to combat WFCL in urban informal sector in Sub-Saharan Anglophone Africa - Final Evaluation Training: Training of artisan service providers in handling child labourers was very useful in preparing them for the training. The informal sector is a strong engine in the elimination of child labour. There are many child labourers in this sector and the artisans are important entry points in the urban communities in combating child labour. The age of children withdrawn as well as the length of training for vocational skills training to be taken into consideration before placement to ensure that, the child will be in the legal age for employment on completion of the training.
• Skills training strategies to combat WFCL in urban informal sector in Sub-Saharan Anglophone Africa - Final Evaluation Funding: The amount of money for the project activities related to the training and placement is inadequate. However, it is clear from the project that additional resources can get children out of child labour through the informal sector.
• Skills training strategies to combat WFCL in urban informal sector in Sub-Saharan Anglophone Africa - Final Evaluation Identification of Children: Identifying the children using community committees and locating and talking to them at their place of residence was very useful because it is the ideal time to get the desired attention from them.
• Skills training strategies to combat WFCL in urban informal sector in Sub-Saharan Anglophone Africa - Final Evaluation Provision of health care for trainees should be taken into consideration to ensure that their health care needs are taken into consideration during training. Trainees who fell sick during the training needed to be attended to. Costing of implementation action plans should be carefully done to ensure that, all cost elements including counseling, and market price training fees etc are included in the budget to facilitate smooth implementation.
• Skills training strategies to combat WFCL in urban informal sector in Sub-Saharan Anglophone Africa - Final Evaluation Policy environment: The project could be replicated but cultural sensitivity must be taken into consideration.Strategies must respond to the local needs of participants. Networking with specialized government/ non governmental agencies to provide support was very useful in counseling and diverse support to the project. Effective coordination of all interventions taking place at local level is important because it maximizes resources mobilization, minimizes overlapping and avoids duplication of interventions. Multi-sectoral child protection committee at national, regional and district levels leads to effective implementation of existing policies that promote children rights. Gender awareness and mobilization can change the attitude of communities, employers and girls towards girls entering male dominate trades. The use of participatory approaches in the whole project cycle i.e. from project design, implementation to evaluation helped to increase ownership and commitment to the project.
• ILO/Japan Asian Regional Programme on expansion of employment opportunities for women (EEOW) - Cambodia and Viet Nam: Final Evaluation Ensuring sustainability of community-level empowerment strategies - Combining activities focusing on economic empowerment with those focusing on promoting gender equality is a powerful tool to demonstrate how women living in poverty can overcome multiple disadvantages. - Helping women in rural areas to establish and manage business associations is an important step towards economic empowerment. - Discussion about possible approaches for building sustainability of self-help groups is a necessary step but is in itself not sufficient to ensure such sustainability.
• ILO/Japan Asian Regional Programme on expansion of employment opportunities for women (EEOW) - Cambodia and Viet Nam: Final Evaluation Capacity building activities for government officials should take place at a time when they have not yet completed the planning process for the next year's activities and budget to allow training participants to request time and financial support from their superiors to put into practice their new skills.
• ILO/Japan Asian Regional Programme on expansion of employment opportunities for women (EEOW) - Cambodia and Viet Nam: Final Evaluation Combining activities focusing on economic empowerment with those focusing on promoting gender equality is a powerful tool to demonstrate how women living in poverty can overcome multiple disadvantages.
• Rural Development Programme for Timor-Leste (RDP) - Skills Training for Gainful Employment (STAGE)- Mid-Term Evaluation Ownership: The requests of irrigation rehabilitation works and rural access tracks are submitted by the communities themselves, and the beneficiaries are required to both assist in construction and make a commitment to undertake future rehabilitation and maintenance using their own resources. This method enhances ownership and sustainability of the projects and is shown by the commitment of the community. To enhance the sustainability of the investment, recommendations and lessons drawn from ARP II have been incorporated in ARP III such as a formal establishment of a WUA for all the schemes and not only for the major schemes and a better assessment of the availability of water for a second crop. MAFF makes all management decisions concerning the project, which enhance the national ownership of the component.
• Knowledge sharing on decent work and the informal economy in the context of poverty reduction - Final Evaluation One of the most important lessons is having realised the need to establish a knowledge baseline inventory and to build indicators for the flow of knowledge on each domain. This may require considerable effort and external technical support in disciplines that are not necessarily the expertise of the ILO, but are essential to consolidate its transformation into a fully knowledge-based institution.
• Knowledge sharing on decent work and the informal economy in the context of poverty reduction - Final Evaluation An institutionalized knowledge sharing programme would add to ILO's capabilities, help to elaborate applicable approaches; create synergy; facilitate interaction and respect amongst specialists; open ways for effective interactions within the organisation and for the relations with stakeholders and the rest of the world; and trigger motivation towards continuous improvement.
• Employment, vocational training and migration policy measures to prevent and reduce trafficking in women in Albania, Moldova and Ukraine (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Better Balance Between Direct and Indirect Interaction: While the main focus of the ILO is on national-level policy support, the pilot projects generate important bottom-up developments (at low financial input) that can also stimulate longer-term structural changes. Fully supporting and publicizing this level of intervention; inviting more of the direct beneficiaries to participate in relevant seminars (where appropriate); and extending dialogue with potential or returned migrants can strengthen the link between the lived realities of the beneficiaries and the institutional reforms implemented on their behalf.
• Skills development for economic empowerment and the creation of livelihoods after the Tsunami - Final Evaluation Marketing is a major issue faced by micro enterprises. Since they operate in a local market, are compelled to compete with products distributed by large companies. Designing an internally generated demand element among community enterprises could create a sizeable market for each industry.
• Skills development for economic empowerment and the creation of livelihoods after the Tsunami - Final Evaluation The main lesson learned by the CB-TREE project was the community group concept introduced for skills training and establishment of enterprises as against individual training concept implemented by other projects. Since community group concept has given a better strength and confidence for vulnerable communities, it is proved as a sound strategy for all development partners to follow in future interventions.
• Skills development for economic empowerment and the creation of livelihoods after the Tsunami - Final Evaluation It is important that, along with the establishment of enterprises, to guide and advice the communities to establish business bank accounts. If banking practices had been followed, the enterprises would have slowly entered into "business culture" rather than continued to be in-formal enterprises. The financial issues faced by most of the enterprises could have been resolved and minimize the necessity of Co-fund intervention.
• Skills development for economic empowerment and the creation of livelihoods after the Tsunami - Final Evaluation The establishment of a sustainable institutional structure is another example that showed results. However, the level of achievement is slow and most of the community groups are still unaware of the institutional system available for them to operate as one family. Being rural micro enterprises, the strength generated by the "family approach" could have been a factor for future sustainability.
• Sustainable Development through the Global Compact - Mid-Term Evaluation Projects whose key participants are employers' and workers' organizations should be conceived and designed in cooperation with the relevant ILO departments. If the necessary capacity building work is not done, the structural weakness of some partners might put serious obstacles to the achievement of meaningful objectives.
• Sustainable Development through the Global Compact - Mid-Term Evaluation The developments that occurred under this project confirm that an in-depth analysis of the situation in the countries concerned should be carried out before a project document is designed, if objectives, outputs and strategies are to be specific and realistic. The relevance of action-oriented research should not be underestimated as shown by the successful exercises conducted in this field under the project.
• Sustainable Development through the Global Compact - Mid-Term Evaluation It is interesting to note how a typical 'supply driven' project has been geared towards the satisfaction of actual needs, thanks to the cooperation of project partners and the endeavours of the management.
• Sustainable Development through the Global Compact - Mid-Term Evaluation Budgets attached to the ILO technical cooperation projects are not very detailed and allow for a high degree of flexibility, which might be necessary particularly under unpredictable situations. However, each total amount shown in a budgetary line should always be the result of calculations as precise as possible, which implies that the project outputs are clearly identified in number, main features, and cost. For projects covering various countries, a tentative breakdown of some budgetary lines (for example, activities, equipment, consultants, sundries) is necessary. If the appropriate contacts were 38 not undertaken before project approval, this should be done in the first months of the project life. This exercise should concern the overall budget, although the donor might be expected to deliver the total amount in instalments.
• Expansion of Employment Opportunities for Women EEOW (Vietnam Chapter) - Final Evaluation A feature of the Action Programmes that could be helpful for national policy advocacy has been the experience that training women in improved agricultural techniques appears to lead to a higher rate of retention and dissemination than training for men only: in the action programmes, women who are trained in new techniques overwhelmingly report that they immediately train their family members, friends and neighbours. This has implications for the selection of trainees in Agricultural Extension and other services already provided.
• Expansion of Employment Opportunities for Women EEOW (Vietnam Chapter) - Final Evaluation The project has tested in-depth, longer term, participatory training (rather than lecture style) - if the retention and subsequent application rates are significantly higher, this could lead to changes in the basis on which training funds are allocated (currently the target numbers of trainees and costs for provincial training budgets are calculated based on short, lecture style training).
• Programme of support to the national time bound programme for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Cambodia - Mid Term Evaluation The legislative and national policy preparation process requires an extended period of time. From the Prakas preparation phase to the approval phase, at least seven bodies and agencies are involved in their drafting, review, revision, adoption, and implementation. The design of interventions should take this legislative process into account by developing short-term interventions or Action Programmes in preparation for their long-term implementation.
• Programme of support to the national time bound programme for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Cambodia - Mid Term Evaluation The educational interventions associated with Sectoral Action Programmes are very complex. They will require a systematic and integrated approach in order to be effective. The Project of Support will benefit from expert advice. It may also benefit from replication of "good practices" in educational interventions in Cambodia (e.g., A scholarship programme supported by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction administered by the Asian Development Bank), and by the conduct of small-scale experimental studies.
• Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - Final Evaluation Cooperation, synergy and the avoidance of duplicating other international organisations' efforts are important to achieve effective project outcomes.
• Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - Final Evaluation The composition of the partnership is an important factor in the project¿s success.
• Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - Final Evaluation The project has managed to (1) bring together all necessary partners and stakeholders (governments, private sector institutions, NGOs, international donors, and the community) to address THB in a structured and constructive way, (2) build partner capacity based on identified gaps and needs, and (3) ensure continuing efforts through increased political will and government commitment to the THB issue.
• Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - Final Evaluation The project built a solid, sustainable platform for other future projects in the THB field in the South Caucasus region through the expertise of the three ILO country coordinators and the capacity building of stakeholders.
• Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - Final Evaluation The involvement of major destination countries (albeit on a limited scale) was found to increase the effectiveness of the interventions.
• Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - Final Evaluation An alliance of all relevant stakeholders equipped with adequate capacity and knowledge of the THB issues is the central pillar of anti-trafficking programmes.
• Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - Final Evaluation The project design was difficult to implement because of ambitious objectives and the diversity of the target groups.
• Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - Final Evaluation The project's regional approach has built upon the foundation of actions taken in advance of the project by the country governments and helped facilitate the implementation of certain tasks in all three countries.
• Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia - Final Evaluation The project logical framework will serve as a practical management tool only in cases where the designed OVIs are measurable and realistic and the sources of verification are reliable and accessible.
• Support to "Sustainable Rural Infrastructure Development Services for Poverty Reduction in the Asia Pacific Region" (Asist AP)- Final Evaluation There is a clear need for the technical competences that ASIST AP holds in the field of infrastructure work. And ASIST AP's role is not only to backstop projects technically, it has an important role to fill in the design of new initiatives for jobs and infrastructure development as its approach offers vast opportunities for employment in both urban and rural areas. The programme brings valuable elements into the equation of fulfilling the DWCP outcomes. The potential for job creation in the infrastructure sector is acknowledged by all three constituents of the ILO; the demand has not been stronger in many years.
• Support to "Sustainable Rural Infrastructure Development Services for Poverty Reduction in the Asia Pacific Region" (Asist AP)- Final Evaluation The management capacity has been inadequate due to shortage of funds and its work can be characterised as fire fighting and keeping the programme afloat and providing as much services as possible. It has not always been possible to make the right priorities and to provide services required and some countries have, accordingly, been given less attention than originally envisaged. This is not sustainable in the long-term as a programme of this nature requires: adequate resources in order not to spread too thinly across the member countries; to have its staff in the field to a large extent, not only to accommodate the immediate needs of the stakeholders, but also to be 'on the ground' for stakeholder dialogues on further initiatives. Moreover it needs a flexible strategy over a longer period of support to ensure methods and approaches are sustained in the member countries. This requires more substantial funding, which leads over to the next lesson learned.
• Support to "Sustainable Rural Infrastructure Development Services for Poverty Reduction in the Asia Pacific Region" (Asist AP)- Final Evaluation ASIST AP will be reliant on ILO funding and needs to explore these opportunities. As many donors seem less inclined to earmark funds for specific programmes, it is likely that the ASIST AP will have to operate within the internal ILO funding mechanism such as the new complementary RBSA funding. The programme has already been successful in getting RBSA funding for 2009, and the opportunities that lies within the funding modality must be further explored. Another way of funding would be to get direct funding from projects for specific tasks to be carried out by ASIST AP. The survey indicates that ILO country offices and projects are willing to pay for such services falling outside the normal scope of the ILO backstopping. This is heartening and should also be taken further by designing projects with a technical component for ASIST AP. By doing so, it is likely that ASIST AP could attract additional funding for expansion of the team. It should be noted that this should be in the form of well defined activities with tangible outputs as to distinguish them from the normal technical backstopping that the ILO offers.
• Effective action for labour migration policies and practice - Final Evaluation Labour Ministries may not be the most important partners to effect changes in migration policy and practices. Many countries are establishing foreign-employment ministries, which means that ILO staff also have to reach out to non-traditional partners and rethink how social partners can be involved in migration policy development.
• Effective action for labour migration policies and practice - Final Evaluation There is need for greater coordination and coherence within the ILO on migration. Decentralization has not been accompanied by better information exchange and coordination with MIGRANT with some TC projects not effectively promoting the rights based approach. The LMPP project stands out as a good-practice model in this respect given its success in effectively linking the mainstream HQ MIGRANT programme with field offices and programmes and thereby promoting synergies.
• Effective action for labour migration policies and practice - Final Evaluation The nature of international migration policy poses some difficulties in showing impacts from a time-bound project covering one or two years. Migration policy is a very sensitive area with a strong political dimension as states regard it as a central aspect of their sovereignty, and it can be a major electoral issue as well. Therefore, states have to balance different interests, and are slow to make changes in migration policy based simply on research or advice offered by international agencies or researchers although they may in principle agree with the rationale of such advice.
• Effective action for labour migration policies and practice - Final Evaluation The ILO needs to both facilitate the development of migration policies and support their implementation. Without support for implementation, well meaning policies can languish, which is why the project is supporting implementation activities, as in Sri Lanka.
• Effective action for labour migration policies and practice - Final Evaluation ILO field offices are crucial actors to sustain project interventions and field staff need training on ILO perspectives on labour migration, the uses of the MFLM, and the comparative strengths of the ILO vis-à-vis other organizations. A good start has been made in Asia, and the models developed there can be adapted for other regions.
• Effective action for labour migration policies and practice - Final Evaluation The ILO needs a strategy for effective collaboration with other organizations in Delivery as One, including IOM. The ILO is committed to the One UN model at the country level. However, this can be complicated in migration, where the ILO needs to work with other agencies without compromising its unique rights-based approach and its tripartite structure. There is a need to better engage with other development partners, especially the International Organization for Migration, a non-UN agency. ILO's experience working with IOM is uneven; there has been cooperation in some countries but not in others.
• Capacity building for employment creation and economic empowerment through ILO's Local Economic Development approach in Mozambique, South Africa and Angola - Final Evaluation Mozambique and South Africa: The focus of the impact analysis should be placed on the learning process and opening of opportunities that the project has developed and supported. In addition the territorial dimension of LED and the impact on building local capacities can be well tested at all levels of intervention, in fact local experiences are useful inputs for policy making processes at national level.
• Capacity building for employment creation and economic empowerment through ILO's Local Economic Development approach in Mozambique, South Africa and Angola - Final Evaluation Mozambique and South Africa: The LED approach's implementation with nation-wide coverage is more feasible when a framework of a national decentralisation policy is already in place. LED mechanisms of implementation, like LEDAs, are instruments which support the decentralization¿s process, reaching an added-value in term of political sustainability. LED coordination's instances at national level (LED inter-sector commission) are very useful to support the LED debate at national and sub-regional level and the relative influence in the sectoral policies and strategies, as well as in the PRSPs.
• Strengthening labour inspection services in Angola, Brazil, China, India and South Africa - Final Evaluation The evaluation assessed the efficiency and impact of the methodological approach that was applied within the projects for the capacity building of national labour inspection services, with the background idea that it could be developed for future use. The evaluation process highlights that capacity development projects must take a medium-term perspective, regarding both implementation and funding.
• Strengthening labour inspection services in Angola, Brazil, China, India and South Africa - Final Evaluation The national context of each participating country needs to be assessed and considered in the project design.
• Poverty Reduction though decent employment creation in Liberia - Final evaluation The efficient management of human and material resources contributed immensely to the successful implementation of this programme; the component project coordinators were exemplary in their duties, and the programme itself was professionally executed by the ILO through prompt deployment of programme resources.
• Poverty Reduction though decent employment creation in Liberia - Final evaluation ILO's swift and strategic response to Liberia's request for decent job creation and poverty reduction has proved very effective.
• Poverty Reduction though decent employment creation in Liberia - Final evaluation Support to capacity building of the other constituents proved to be the basis and a strong foundation for industrial harmony, peace and employment creation in Liberia.
• Poverty Reduction though decent employment creation in Liberia - Final evaluation By integrating capacity building into the work plan of the component projects, sustainability of project activities has been assured: the roads are being maintained through trained community workers; local waste management associations/enterprises were the main implementers of the waste management project; the NTC has become the focal point for national dialogue on employment issues.
• Poverty Reduction though decent employment creation in Liberia - Final evaluation The direct involvement of the ILO in a major joint UNCT programme on youth employment has demonstrated the Organization¿s comparative advantage, while providing ILO a good platform for working with interested UN agencies in 'Delivering as One'. By integrating DW outputs into the UNDAF, the UN family has come together in an unprecedented manner by increasing labour-intensive public works projects.
• Poverty Reduction though decent employment creation in Liberia - Final evaluation Government¿s and partners' enthusiastic support has been a major factor in the delivery of programme outputs, and where this was lacking as experienced briefly under the waste management component, project efforts were retarded.
• Poverty Reduction though decent employment creation in Liberia - Final evaluation Collaboration with other donors and information sharing could prove pivotal to the sustainability of programme activities; already, AfDB and WB are among such collaborating donors who have give expression of future support to aspects of the PREDEC programme. There is, however, need for an exit strategy and transition plan in order to ensure sustainability of ILO efforts to date.
• A global programme to combat forced labour (SAP-FL) - Final Evaluation The key lesson arising from this evaluation is that SAP-FL needs to redirect its effort to planning for, and capturing lessons, arising from its work in HQ and in country operations. The best way to achieve this is to design and manage projects with this in mind. Our view is that the use of a results framework (logical framework) would have helped to plan and monitor. The evidence base for the knowledge SAP-FL develops needs to be credible and systematic.
• A global programme to combat forced labour (SAP-FL) - Final Evaluation The second lesson learned is that SAP-FL needs to reconsider its level of ambition taking account of its comparative advantage, its international position and its realistic level of funding support. We suggest this is accomplished by setting out a carefully planned strategy or business plan that targets time and results.
• Setting up a small enterprise support unit (SESU) at the Social Development Center in Qatar ILO/SDC Start and Improve your Business Project - Final Evaluation Evaluations often occur at the end of a project or project phase when the project manager is already preoccupied with finalizing the project activities. ILO should consider providing to regional evaluation focal points a checklist to help project managers prepare documentation for an evaluation, especially where translation is needed.
• Setting up a small enterprise support unit (SESU) at the Social Development Center in Qatar ILO/SDC Start and Improve your Business Project - Final Evaluation Some of the women entrepreneurs interviewed in Qatar took up business with the permission of their husbands and relied on male members of their family (of birth of or marriage) for technical know-how, business space, and finance. In the Arab context, some examination of family enterprises rather than the Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) assumption that enterprises are only ever the work of individuals would be useful both for the appearance and the substance of the programme especially in Arab countries.
• Setting up a small enterprise support unit (SESU) at the Social Development Center in Qatar ILO/SDC Start and Improve your Business Project - Final Evaluation An enterprise product with a title such as "Family Enterprises in the Arab States" could package much existing ILO knowledge in a way that is consistent with local cultural norms and not giving the appearance of an imposition of Western individualism.
• Setting up a small enterprise support unit (SESU) at the Social Development Center in Qatar ILO/SDC Start and Improve your Business Project - Final Evaluation This project had particular success in finding culturally specific ways to "brand" the Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) methodologies, especially with regard to marginalized or disadvantaged groups in society.
• Gestión del conocimiento sobre calidad y equidad de la formación profesional y sus aportes para el trabajo decente - Final Evaluation Un mayor número de instancias presenciales que se intercalen con el trabajo a distancia facilita la participación de los equipos locales.
• Gestión del conocimiento sobre calidad y equidad de la formación profesional y sus aportes para el trabajo decente - Final Evaluation La reducción del material obligatorio en los procesos de formación, facilitaría y fomentaría la participación activa, al tiempo que contribuiría a reducir la deserción.
• Gestión del conocimiento sobre calidad y equidad de la formación profesional y sus aportes para el trabajo decente - Final Evaluation Contar con procesos de gestión del conocimiento en áreas más allá de aquellas donde OIT/CINTERFOR implementa proyectos, permite ampliar la participación de las instituciones de formación profesional y fortalecer las políticas y prácticas en el tema en la región.
• Gestión del conocimiento sobre calidad y equidad de la formación profesional y sus aportes para el trabajo decente - Final Evaluation Una mejor organización de los recursos didácticos del sitio web de OIT/CINTERFOR que responda a las necesidades de los usuarios de los cursos, repercutiría en su uso más amplio y de mayor impacto en la formación.
• Cross-Country Study of the ILO/USDOL HIV/AIDS Workplace Education Program Strategic HIV/AIDS Responses in Enterprises (SHARE) - Final Evaluation To advocate and inform the development of national policies and/or legislation, it is essential to create an environment of trust and mutual respect through a national mechanism in which many voices can be heard; in this case, it included all tripartite constituents, experts, and other stakeholders concerned with HIV in the workplace and in the national arena. The success of SHARE in doing this is largely attributed to the pre-existing framework of the tripartite constituency, the climate created in building the PAB, and the professional comportment and determination of the NPC.
• Cross-Country Study of the ILO/USDOL HIV/AIDS Workplace Education Program Strategic HIV/AIDS Responses in Enterprises (SHARE) - Final Evaluation Worker Organizations need more capacity-building opportunities. Issues such as lack of clarity of purpose for trade unions and the effect of political affiliations were two of the challenges that these groups faced in the SHARE countries. While tripartite constituent employer groups also have some complexities, the worker groups lack resources and, more importantly, institutional development and technical assistance.
• Cross-Country Study of the ILO/USDOL HIV/AIDS Workplace Education Program Strategic HIV/AIDS Responses in Enterprises (SHARE) - Final Evaluation The selection of target sectors was sensible and, once made, led to good choices for participating enterprises. Financial solvency was not articulated as a criterion, but economically sound enterprises were usually chosen. In a few cases, enterprises stayed with the program even though they were having economic difficulties.
• Cross-Country Study of the ILO/USDOL HIV/AIDS Workplace Education Program Strategic HIV/AIDS Responses in Enterprises (SHARE) - Final Evaluation The subject of AIDS makes people uncomfortable, and some aspects of HIV and AIDS are often overshadowed by obsession over the cause and transmission. This is unfortunate, and while education in the workplace certainly included transmission, the project also addressed those factors which can be resolved. This included examining risk behaviours unprotected sex, drug use) and understanding how the risks can be avoided. A first look at how the behaviour of an individual relates to contracting AIDS was the foundation of the BCC process. While this was, for the most part, completely innovative to the individuals involved, for others - the focal points, peer educators, Ministers, and management - sex remains almost taboo.
• Promoting human security and reducing poverty among indigenous peoples in Papua (PIPE) - Final Evaluation Facilitating greater opportunities for technology transfer through generating opportunities for cross visits between pilot program and Papuan communities where valuable lessons could be learned.
• Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) China - Final Evaluation There is a trend in the ILO as in the development sector as a whole to operate within more integrated approaches combining several disciplines for better impact. The Start and Improve your Business (SIYB) China project shows that it is not integration that is key to impact, but rather the ability to show success in a specific area. Successful project implementation and delivery is the key to influencing other policy areas such as the enabling environment, HIV/AIDS mainstreaming, and to a certain extent the Credit Guarantee Fund and SME financing.
• Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) China - Final Evaluation Rather than seeking to divert project attention to more explicit donor priorities, the SIYB China experience suggests that mainstreaming specific messages and embedding donor priorities within GoC policy agenda is a more effective strategy. Joint research, training and development of success cases can all be used to mainstream difficult messages such as HIV/AIDS or people with disabilities
• Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) China - Final Evaluation Using the balance scorecard as a means of monitoring progress and performance is innovative. However, the application of this approach across Start and Improve your Business (SIYB) China is not conclusive, and there is indication that the centralisation of data collection and analysis is still needed to ensure strategies for M&E work fully and effectively.
• Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) China - Final Evaluation When working with strong governments it might be better to support the government's core agenda and seek to mainstream specific donor-driven and poverty alleviation messages within the broader policy direction of the partner government. This can be seen particularly in Phase 3 of SIYB China, where the donor focus on vulnerable groups diverged from MoLSS concerns with ex-military personnel, surplus rural labour (as opposed to rural migrant workers) and university graduates. The outcome has been some success with people with disability and potential future development of SIYB with ex-convicts.
• Support to the proposed national Sub-programme to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour: Time-Bound Measures (Mongolia) - Mid Term Evaluation Having a specifically designed a NSP-WFCL (National Steering Programme- Worst Forms of Child Labour) is highly desirable or can be seen as a prerequisite for introducing the TBP (Time-bound Programme) approach in a country. However, local level time bound sub programmes at city/district and province level are equally important especially in terms of promoting local initiatives and leadership, ownership and synergy of efforts.
• Support to the proposed national Sub-programme to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour: Time-Bound Measures (Mongolia) - Mid Term Evaluation The value of having direct services shall be seen not only in terms of the impacts they bring into lives of the children whom the project works, but also in terms of their potential for a wider replication and implications for policy responses. Paying not enough attention to the latter would certainly diminish the value, thus the efficiency of overall interventions in general sense.
• Support to the proposed national Sub-programme to Eliminate the Worst Forms of Child Labour: Time-Bound Measures (Mongolia) - Mid Term Evaluation TBP (Time-Bound Programme) process requires considerable investment (of time, efforts, and resources) for its planning stage so that local government and other key actors take the leadership role and build the sense of ownership over the local initiatives in combating child labour. TBP built onto local government structures appears to be more sustainable provided backed up with effective partnership with civil society actors.
• Policies for eradication of poverty, employment generation and promotion of equality of gender and race in the informal sector (Brazil) - Final Evaluation The project in partnership with the National Program of Qualification from the Ministry of Labour could introduce the race and gender dimensions in the projects meant for the informal and unemployed workers and self-employment simulators.
• Policies for eradication of poverty, employment generation and promotion of equality of gender and race in the informal sector (Brazil) - Final Evaluation The monitoring and assessment of progresses to be reached should applied on a more permanent way in the next 5 years. This after-assessement done by the project and the strategic partners would allow a better understanding of the effects and impacts of incorporatinggender and race in the strategies and public policies of social inclusion.
• Policies for eradication of poverty, employment generation and promotion of equality of gender and race in the informal sector (Brazil) - Final Evaluation The project tried to assist the needs of the constituents through the work on issues of interest for certain lobbies (domestic work; collective bargaining), through instruments and mechanisms of dialogue of medium and long term (Tripartitie Commission and Local Agreements) and through the transfer of competence for the continuity to certain strategic parteners (MTE; SEPPIR; SPM)
• Policies for eradication of poverty, employment generation and promotion of equality of gender and race in the informal sector (Brazil) - Final Evaluation The process of adminsistrative decentralisation will produce articulations more solid due to the proximity with the beneficiaries and the pilot project's communities. Concomitantly, it will produce higher levels of responsability of the communities and monitoring the deployment of the project.
• Policies for eradication of poverty, employment generation and promotion of equality of gender and race in the informal sector (Brazil) - Final Evaluation The GRPE/ILO (Gender and Racial Equality, Eradication of Poverty and Generation of Employment) project, previously deployed in other Latin American countries, to be executed in Brazil it should incorporate the component|/dimension of race/ethnicity. This inclusion is sought to assist the specificities of Brazilian social, economical, politcal, and cultural setting. This innovative characteristic of GRPE/Brazil demonstrated to be a key element for success of the referred project.
• Policies for eradication of poverty, employment generation and promotion of equality of gender and race in the informal sector (Brazil) - Final Evaluation The GRPE (Gender and Race Equality, Eradication of Poverty and Generation of Employment) project supported the construction of dialogue and social organisation forums among different actors for the promotion of the inclusion of the gender and race forums in world labour, which facilitates the strategies and actions of strategic partners in the process of institutional change.
• Capacity building for the implementation of the Roads 2000 programme and the enhancement of the quality and delivery of employment intensive technology training - Mid Term Evaluation Training and skills development for specific activities required in public works programmes can be an effective approach to engage youth in constructive work which not only serves the purpose of “keeping them off the streets” but also leads them into productive work and filling a demand for services required by the public.
• Capacity building for the implementation of the Roads 2000 programme and the enhancement of the quality and delivery of employment intensive technology training - Mid Term Evaluation Initiatives to develop micro enterprises comprising of trained youth (or other job-seekers) can be directed towards local authorities or public works agencies and eventually operate as valuable service providers.
• Capacity building for the implementation of the Roads 2000 programme and the enhancement of the quality and delivery of employment intensive technology training - Mid Term Evaluation The lesson to be learnt in this context is the importance and advantage of linking the skills development to existing programmes in which there is a demand for workers with certain skills. Public works programmes are already equipped with financial resources that can be used for engaging trained youth in carrying out works for which these agencies are mandated. This way, it is possible to engage the trainees immediately after successful completion of training and avoiding a situation in which they return to being unemployed.
• Capacity building for the implementation of the Roads 2000 programme and the enhancement of the quality and delivery of employment intensive technology training - Mid Term Evaluation When specific development constraints are identified in a large-scale programme such as Roads 2000, these can be effectively addressed through a well-designed Technical Assistance (TA) input, which does not necessarily require extensive amount of resources. Its success however rely on securing TA personnel and specialists with the right skills and experience, and that the host organisation makes full use of the human resources made available for this purpose. The ILO TA project demonstrates that well-defined capacity gaps can be effectively dealt with using such an approach.
• Capacity building for the implementation of the Roads 2000 programme and the enhancement of the quality and delivery of employment intensive technology training - Mid Term Evaluation Importance of the ability of the Technical Assistance to engage and build partnerships with the counterpart agencies and also to mobilise their human resources to participate in the capacity building process.This project has successfully established such relationships with Kisii Training Centre, Kenya Institute of Highways and Building Technology, Materials Branch, Roads 2000 projects as well as institutions and programmes outside the road sector (such as drawing in specialist expertise for the crosscutting issues). This not only builds ownership in the development process but also reduces the need for external support, thus limiting the TA to (i) acting as a catalyst to start new development initiatives, (ii) facilitate the development process and training, and (iii) mobilise specialist inputs not available locally.
• Capacity building for the implementation of the Roads 2000 programme and the enhancement of the quality and delivery of employment intensive technology training - Mid Term Evaluation There is a demand for a continuous facility addressing capacity development challenges. It does not necessarily require a continuous Technical Assistance funded by external resources but a dedicated unit within the management structure dealing with capacity development and new innovations. Using the same partnership and networking approach, this unit can be kept small, however, it still need to be equipped with sufficient resources to mobilise specialist inputs as and when required.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation Sustainable development and green jobs are context-dependent. As such, there is a strong need for synergy between the different actors in the demonstration activities, and clear links to the policy outcomes that could arise from the demonstrations. This requires a longer timeframe to enable the coordination and facilitation of multiple parties, and to allow follow up, particularly in the policy arena.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation Having a dedicated professional for communications functions, particularly to support documentation and dissemination, is good project practice generally, and especially for projects aiming to improve capacities. Many target audiences grasp information most effectively from audio-visual formats, so project investments in this area are well made.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation Green jobs is a new and emerging topic about which there is a high level of interest amongst all of ILO’s traditional partners, and indeed a much wider range of stakeholders in national and regional development. Building understanding about green jobs requires ongoing effort, working at different levels, to respond to the different baseline knowledge levels. With the GJA project support, some concrete examples of changes have already occurred, however, it will take some time for some countries before larger-scale, sustainable changes in green jobs availability and experience can be seen.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation Overall, the project’s strategy of engaging with non-traditional partners, for example ministries and professional organisations related to the environment or to specific sectors, was an appropriate way to bring together local resource persons to help build the wider understanding and commitment to green jobs. It helped widen the dialogue around green jobs, facilitated new partnerships, and also broadened the audience for “decent work awareness” more generally.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation The GJA project focused specifically on green jobs, but many stakeholders considered green jobs as part of a wider discourse on green or greening economies,. Considering how and when it may be more appropriate, and indeed more effective, to talk about ‘green economies’ more holistically than about ‘green jobs’ is a challenge for actors in this area. Although the Green Jobs Employment models developed under the project highlight the requirements for new business models, the connections between green jobs with green business or greener enterprises, and indeed greener economies, should be well explained in future project designs.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation Interviews with diverse constituents revealed that continued assistance in further/advanced trainings, strengthening partnerships among constituents, as well as strong leadership at management level would be necessary to keep the momentum on green jobs promotion.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation There is an ongoing need for training and tools (internally and externally). In some cases technical skills are lacking, so a focus should on developing the specific skill sets (and supporting resources). In other cases there is solid technical know-how, but a gap in terms of implementation, and knowledge for example of how to scale up and disseminate knowledge from one sector or organisation to another.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation The GJA project endeavoured to follow a systematic approach for all interventions, based on a standard-based approach. This is challenging as the types of training needed by different partners varies greatly, as does the type and style of training needed by one sector as compared with another. Similarly, the training needed by people in the higher echelons of an organization is very different from that needed by workers (typically the former is policy-oriented whereas the later requires training to be implementation-oriented). Thus, even for foundation training for example, the materials must be carefully tailored to the audience, to ensure it is appropriate and relevant.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation The project demonstrated a diverse set of approaches to stimulating green jobs, and refers to these approaches as employment models. The ‘models’ were all based on three pillars: access to (green) skills, finance and entrepreneurship, with some significant differences between the sector-based approaches. In a regional project like this, a higher level of consistency, either in the approaches or in the selection of sectors may have lead to some more clear conclusions or lessons in the short timeframe available.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation • The timeframe for the GJA demonstrations was inadequate for impacts to be felt and conclusions or lessons to be meaningfully drawn. The dissemination of lessons, adaptation and/or replication and scaling up were activities planned for a second phase (year 3-5). Yet for the initial demonstrations too, a slightly longer timeframe would seem more realistic.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation The language and terminology used in green jobs discourse needs careful consideration. Although the green jobs definition officially espoused by this project is the generic ILO/UNEP definition, some stakeholders considered it to exclude some actors who in fact have huge potential to contribute to creating a low-carbon economy. However, the project implementers were careful to focus on the specific economic sectors which had been identified under the ILO-Australian Government Partnership Agreement and which, by definition, excluded some important partners for promoting a green economy. Some of these comments were more related to promoting a green economy while the main focus of the project was promoting enabling conditions for jobs (and green jobs) under the shift to a green economy. This discussion suggests a need for further awareness-raising and explanation of the role that all sectors and different partners can have in promoting a low-carbon, environmentally friendly economy and most importantly for ILO constituents, creating green jobs for men and women .
• Green Jobs in Asia - Final Evaluation There is an ongoing need for data and analysis about green jobs and green business opportunities; the materials generated will be important references for future demonstrations, and investments, if they are based on studies that are well-designed and carried out to a high standard. Due to the problems experienced in the mapping studies in this project, some further work in this area is still required in the GJA countries. Studies should be commissioned at the country level, or at least require co-implementation with local partners, for example from national academic institutions or consultancy firms. The GJA approach in responding to the initial problem with the studies was appropriate, namely, to issue coherent terms of reference from the regional team, but with a degree of flexibility so that the information to be gathered could reflect or be meaningful in the local context, considering for example, different availability of data.
• Corporate social responsibility in the Chinese textile industry - Final Evaluation Collaboration with local governments: The collaboration with local governments was a crucial factor for the success of the project. Local governments have been important partners in the project to identify participating companies and to promote the project on a local level. They have further contributed to the organization of events and trainings and have overall been a valuable partner.
• Corporate social responsibility in the Chinese textile industry - Final Evaluation Company Certificates: The approach to award participating companies in the end with a certificate has proofed very useful. It increased the motivation of the companies made the companies participate in the whole programme, not only in fractions.
• Corporate social responsibility in the Chinese textile industry - Final Evaluation On-site trainings: The feedback by the companies was clearly that the most useful part was the on-site training as they gave them practical solutions to their problems. Although individual trainings or rather consulting services in the companies are mostly too cost intensive, an approach to integrate this practical, hands-on component in other projects could be to use sample companies to show best practices.
• Corporate social responsibility in the Chinese textile industry - Final Evaluation Sector Focus: Overall it was a valuable approach to concentrate on one sector and to adapt the training material to the specific needs of the sector. The feedback has shown that sector specific knowledge is very important.
• Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the world of work : A tripartite response - Final Evaluation Economic ramifications are a key factor in raising awareness for companies to implement a program on HIV.
• Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the world of work : A tripartite response - Final Evaluation The development of the policy can be a long and arduous process. The only way to ensure that the policies are supported by a broad platform is to develop them through a consensus building process.
• Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the world of work : A tripartite response - Final Evaluation Throughout all activities it is more effective to mix HIV Workplace activities with other approaches on health, security and other concerns affecting the workplace.
• Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the world of work : A tripartite response - Final Evaluation The use of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices studies at the beginning of a project is very useful as an advocacy tool.
• Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the world of work : A tripartite response - Final Evaluation It is more effective to work first on basic advocacy, develop and deliver training and finally introduce concrete proposals for a workplace policy.
• Prevention of HIV/AIDS in the world of work : A tripartite response - Final Evaluation Pushing companies strongly to pass policies from the beginning is not effective as they might adopt policy but not enforce it. Companies need to be fully in favour of the policy before adopting it formally.
• Economic empowerment and HIV vulnerability reduction along transport corridors in Southern Africa - Final Evaluation Having communication and exit strategies prepared early enough is essential for guiding project management teams on exit processes and communication approaches and strategies.
• Economic empowerment and HIV vulnerability reduction along transport corridors in Southern Africa - Final Evaluation Influencing policy agenda and their operationalization, and inculcating behavioural change are by nature long term interventions and require adequate time to facilitate sustainability and generate impact.
• Economic empowerment and HIV vulnerability reduction along transport corridors in Southern Africa - Final Evaluation Relevance of interventions and implementation approaches play a vital role in stakeholder “buy-in” and support of project activities. This was underpinned by linkage of project activities to the socio-economic development aspirations of target beneficiaries as confirmed by a majority of respondents and as reflected in the respective national development plans, DWCPs, UNDAF; as well as stakeholder consultations during project design and throughout implementation.
• Economic empowerment and HIV vulnerability reduction along transport corridors in Southern Africa - Final Evaluation HIV/AIDS vulnerability reduction interventions without EE is unlikely to attract or elicit interest from informal economy stakeholders.
• Economic empowerment and HIV vulnerability reduction along transport corridors in Southern Africa - Final Evaluation The so called “unbankable” informal sector entrepreneurs are actually “bankable” and basing financial provision on group loans works much better than on individual loans.
• Economic empowerment and HIV vulnerability reduction along transport corridors in Southern Africa - Final Evaluation Working closely with local partners and proactive building of PPPs are effective means towards enhanced ownership, support and sustainability of project activities as well mobilization of resources.
• Economic empowerment and HIV vulnerability reduction along transport corridors in Southern Africa - Final Evaluation Economic empowerment (EE) and gender equality (GE) model is an effective and sustainable approach for addressing vulnerability to HIV infection and mitigation of impact of AIDS, but its application by way of only providing business finance to informal economy MSME business starters without complementary business and financial skills training is not a sustainable approach and is likely to have limited and/or short-lived impact.
• Creer des emplois decents et respectueux de l'environnement pour les jeunes (CREER), project-drouillard, commune de Cite-soleil - Finale indépendante Leçons apprises 1 (L-1) - Stratégie de sortie et consolidation des acquis du projet CREER | Dans l’état actuel, nous n’avons pas aucune garantie que ce comité de mise en œuvre va perdurer. Les attributions post-projet n’ont pas été soulevées dans les fonctions établies pour ce comité. Pourtant, cette structure a été d’une très grande utilité, et pourra l’être aussi après la clôture du projet | Au cas où cette structure serait complètement démantelée ou écartée après la fermeture du projet, il sera très difficile pour l’OIT d’établir des liens fonctionnels et efficaces avec les quartiers fragiles (luttes armés entre gangs ou quartiers rivaux). Dans la stratégie de sortie, il faut nécessairement trouver une formula adaptable pour faciliter l’implémentation des recommandations de l’évaluation finale et indépendante dudit projet.
• Creer des emplois decents et respectueux de l'environnement pour les jeunes (CREER), project-drouillard, commune de Cite-soleil - Finale indépendante Suivi de l’employabilité des jeunes diplômés au Projet CREER : La situation de pauvreté et de misère abjecte des jeunes de Cité-Soleil semble les imposer une attitude plutôt penchée vers l’attentisme et/ou de l’assistanat. Beaucoup d’entre ceux qui n’ont pas encore un emploi ne peuvent pas mobiliser, voire disposer le minimum pour initier une activité créatrice de revenu.
• Combating child labour through education and training in Pakistan AND Support to the Time-Bound Programme on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Pakistan - Joint Final Evaluation Sustainability mechanisms and exit strategies need to be better spelled out in project and programme designs. The project has the basic elements in place but these have not been debated comprehensively among the implementing partners with the result that a viable exit strategy is not in place. The lesson learnt is that development projects need to work out sustainability options during the first two years of the project since these strategies often impact the direction of the project, its strategies and actions.
• Combating child labour through education and training in Pakistan AND Support to the Time-Bound Programme on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Pakistan - Joint Final Evaluation Bringing partners with different approaches but bound to a common cause together can create an enabling environment whereby each can contribute productively and respect each others input.
• Combating child labour through education and training in Pakistan AND Support to the Time-Bound Programme on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Pakistan - Joint Final Evaluation The development projects need to work out sustainability options during the first two years of the project since these strategies often impact the direction of the project, its strategies and actions.
• Combating child labour through education and training in Pakistan AND Support to the Time-Bound Programme on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Pakistan - Joint Final Evaluation The project has established a database to monitor beneficiary children. The next step would be to share this database with relevant government departments such as the provincial DICL and District Labour Officers in the target districts. The project would need to build the capacity of the relevant government agencies to maintain, expand and update the Child Labour Monitoring System as a routine part of their work. The Child Labour Monitoring Systems established in six districts across the country under the GoP TBP can serve as demonstration models.
• Combating child labour through education and training in Pakistan AND Support to the Time-Bound Programme on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Pakistan - Joint Final Evaluation Without baseline and impact studies, it is difficult to measure the impact of interventions on the quality of life of the beneficiary population. Since 2005, all IPEC projects in Pakistan include baseline and tracer studies as integral project components. However, they are not always accorded the requisite precedence in the face of other implementation demands, especially baseline studies, and when one is conducted in the absence of the other, its utility may be diluted. The lesson learnt for the projects is to ensure provision of budget and time to conduct the prescribed studies as a priority rather than emphasizing only the targets and timely delivery whose impact is hard to measure.
• Preventing trafficking in girls and young women for labour exploitation within China (CP-Ting Phase I) - Final Evaluation Informational campaigns went beyond conventional leaflets and brochures to include functional items designed to be retained such as playing cards, bags and calendars; these achieved wide currency and achieved near-iconic status.
• Preventing trafficking in girls and young women for labour exploitation within China (CP-Ting Phase I) - Final Evaluation The project's management structure became more flexible and localized over time, and this evolution promoted the project's core values of participation and process, as well as grassroots innovation and impact. At both the national and provincial levels, the project was managed by full-time, dedicated national staff. The clear accountability and strong ownership this enabled was a major factor contributing to the project's success.
• Preventing trafficking in girls and young women for labour exploitation within China (CP-Ting Phase I) - Final Evaluation Life skills training was a huge success from the point of view of students and teachers in target schools. A curriculum with enduring value was developed. However, the Chinese educational system remains strongly oriented towards preparing for high school and college entrance examinations, and life skills training may be seen by the educational authorities as detracting from the rigor of the standard curriculum.
• Preventing trafficking in girls and young women for labour exploitation within China (CP-Ting Phase I) - Final Evaluation Monitoring and evaluation were strongly emphasized throughout the project, and substantial local capacity was built in these areas. Despite strong efforts, it remained difficult to establish causal connections between numbers of beneficiaries served and impact in terms of trafficking prevention.
• Preventing trafficking in girls and young women for labour exploitation within China (CP-Ting Phase I) - Final Evaluation Four reasons can be cited for the uncertain sustainability of direct assistance models. First, some models, such as Children's Forums, were not intended to be sustained or replicated in the specific form in which they were implemented by the project. Their value lies in demonstrating the feasibility of their approach. Second, implementation began approximately a year behind schedule, so direct assistance models had only two years instead of three to achieve sustainability before project support terminated. Third, experience suggests that complex, process-based models such as Women¿s Homes typically require a gestation period of more than one project cycle to achieve sustainability. Finally, the scale of activities was vast; in the trade-off between breadth and depth, project stakeholders chose breadth.
• Global campaign on social security and coverage for all as a means to combat poverty in Africa and Asia - Final Evaluation While the tripartite nature of cooperative structures in such projects must be assured, stakeholders and cooperating partners previously involved in the project area also need to be included.
• Global campaign on social security and coverage for all as a means to combat poverty in Africa and Asia - Final Evaluation As project management was concentrated at central level, it was crucial to have very clear definitions of responsibilities at each level, with enough flexibility to change over the duration of a project.
• Global campaign on social security and coverage for all as a means to combat poverty in Africa and Asia - Final Evaluation The technical level of the project outputs needed to be geared to the different levels of quantitative analytic capacity of the stakeholders in order to maintain interest and motivation.
• Global campaign on social security and coverage for all as a means to combat poverty in Africa and Asia - Final Evaluation There are still tasks remaining to be done to meet the short-term expectations of the stakeholders. The ILO and the donor will need to find ways to continue the work, possibly through a no-cost extension of the project until a longer-term solution to the provision of ILO expertise in social protection in the countries can be assured.
• Global campaign on social security and coverage for all as a means to combat poverty in Africa and Asia - Final Evaluation The effort in additional activities was worthwhile: Through the process of producing the SPERs, a useful and replicable tool was developed to measure the provision of social protection by international and national NGOs.
• Global campaign on social security and coverage for all as a means to combat poverty in Africa and Asia - Final Evaluation Real understanding and ownership of the Project outputs and outcomes needed more attention to existing as well as well as new concepts to meet stakeholder expectations.
• Global campaign on social security and coverage for all as a means to combat poverty in Africa and Asia - Final Evaluation The design and scope of the project could have benefited from initial consultation with the countries, and a basic mapping of the existing interventions in the field covered, noting the national stakeholders and cooperating partners.
• Global campaign on social security and coverage for all as a means to combat poverty in Africa and Asia - Final Evaluation Funding for the entire period of the project needed to be assured from the start, particularly when the placement of experts in the project country was required. Shortening of the project cycle by one year hampered achievement of all the stages.
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation ILO technical cooperation projects should not be funded or commenced on the basis of a Summary Project Outline (SPROUT) or even a Concept Note - but on regular Project Documents.
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation The evaluation made the assessment that the Project management has not been able to generate and bring to light a shared vision of what should be achieved for the youth at the end of the Project. The following are some examples: A) One trade union, active in the plantations, has expressed strong dissatisfaction to the ILO regarding the Project's approach to support the formation of enterprise (business) groups among unemployed youth residing inside plantations; and B) Some plantation companies and estate supervisors involved in the Project, supported the idea to form sub-contracting groups among the unemployed youth for certain works to be out-sourced to small business groups inside the plantations, e.g. for cutting and clearing trees, and receive training on the use of machinery. However, the idea that the same youth could (if they wanted) seek jobs outside the plantations was not accepted.
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation ILO must ensure that a gender strategy first and foremost is part of the Project Document, and followed through in the implementation, as well as revised if required. A part of such a strategy is to ensure that the gender concept is not merely interpreted as a certain quantitative representation/participation of women in the Project ¿ as gender concerns relate to both men and women and the roles and needs of both women and men, and girls and boys.
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation Links between the core activity pillars should be more visible and their relationship clearly explained already in the design of future youth employment Projects - as different sectors often are involved. All project staff and involved partners must understand these links and support their maintenance;
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation A much stronger implementing role assumed by the Regional Plantations Companies and their employed estate managers/supervisors - as they are key in making the required changes within the plantations and the industry.
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation Integerated and realistic programmes need to be based on solid/applied field research. In the case of the evaluated Project, the Baseline survey was produced well after the start-up of the Project and the University Papers produced came late as well and did not seem to really meet the research needs of the Project.
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation Monitoring capacity must be ensured in future ILO projects, preferably as a Monitoring and Evaluation Expert, and the monitoring instruments must be known and shared by all project staff in regular meetings and communication with field staff.
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation ILO, together with its constituents, should pay much more attention to the significance of socio-cultural aspects, particularly when implementing projects where benefits are directed to a 'minority' ethnic group - as in the case of this Project.
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation ILO offices should always assign one programme officer to follow the project activities and support the management throughout, if required.
• Promotion of decent work for youth in Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation The Project failed to produce an acceptable project review report at mid term (2009) for dissemination to all stakeholders. This is regrettable and an important lesson to the ILO - as it could have assisted the Project in its direction and help set priorities (in addition, it would greatly have assisted the final evaluation). This is a lost opportunity, as well as Project funds wasted for the contract of the external collaborator for a report that in the end was not endorsed by the ILO.
• Promoting Sound Industrial Relations at the Workplace and Strengthening the Capacity of Industrial Relations Actors in Viet Nam: Phase 2 - Final Evaluation Good management and strong commitment do not compensate for poor project design: a) The Phase 2 project was designed as an extension of Phase 1 without taking due account of the changing nature of IR in Viet Nam, particularly concerning the importance of the informal IR system. An opportunity to have a direct impact on the increasing level of wildcat strikes was missed; b) The project was designed as an extension of Phase 1 with the addition of two additional objectives both of which covered important areas but would have been better covered by separate projects. Immediate Objectives 3 and 4 were add-ons that did not relate to the main purpose of the project; c) The project design provided little room to respond to changing circumstances during the implementation phase. Some design flexibility, for example, may have enabled the project to respond to some matters relating to the informal IR system and wildcat strikes; d) The project design largely ignored gender and non-discrimination issues. Such issues are of particular importance for training related to collective bargaining, but were not addressed.
• Promoting Sound Industrial Relations at the Workplace and Strengthening the Capacity of Industrial Relations Actors in Viet Nam: Phase 2 - Final Evaluation Project implementation without thorough technical appraisal can result in the production of the wrong outputs and outcomes and reduce overall impact. The technical appraisal of this project failed to identify a number of design shortcomings. If the project document had been subject to the appraisal checklist now used by the ILO, involving ten key questions each with clear criteria, the project design shortcomings referred to above could have been overcome.
• Promoting Sound Industrial Relations at the Workplace and Strengthening the Capacity of Industrial Relations Actors in Viet Nam: Phase 2 - Final Evaluation High quality performance monitoring requires detailed guidance in the project document concerning the details required, the frequency of reporting, and the consultative processes expected in the preparation of performance reports. Performance monitoring was combined with technical backstopping but the monitoring process would have benefited by dedicated missions to address performance issues and detailed guidelines in the project document to indicate to precisely what was required.
• Promoting Sound Industrial Relations at the Workplace and Strengthening the Capacity of Industrial Relations Actors in Viet Nam: Phase 2 - Final Evaluation Project implementation without thorough 'crafting' appraisal makes project management, performance monitoring and evaluation more difficult and reduces the effectiveness of the project document as a management tool. The actual crafting and preparation of the project document had a number of limitations particularly concerning the development objective and the wording of some indicators of achievement, reinforcing the need for detailed appraisal not only on technical content but also concerning the actual crafting of the document.
• Promoting Sound Industrial Relations at the Workplace and Strengthening the Capacity of Industrial Relations Actors in Viet Nam: Phase 2 - Final Evaluation Effective communication whether one-way, two-way or multi-channel based on the needs of partners is an essential factor in producing meaningful results. A project of this type requires regular communication with IRASC's, PWT's and bargaining teams at enterprise level. One-way communication in the form of regular electronic and or print newsletters from the project headquarters to the field and regular reports from the field to the project, as well as regular two-way communication by telephone and more field visits, would have contributed to improved performance monitoring Communication on IR matters with the wider community was lacking. Some media activities were conducted on particular issues as, for example, promoting the work of IRASCs, but the project design did not provide for awareness raising on industrial relations issues in general. More, for example, could have been done to educate journalists on IR issues and encourage them to report on industrial relations situations as public interest items rather than as technical matters of interest to a minority.
• Promoting Sound Industrial Relations at the Workplace and Strengthening the Capacity of Industrial Relations Actors in Viet Nam: Phase 2 - Final Evaluation High quality training (as delivered in this project) requires clear objectives related to the real needs of participants, relevant content, methods related to the needs of participants as adult learners, good quality training materials, and post training follow-up. Training activities were well planned and well organized. Apart from meeting the technical needs of participants the training methods employed also met their needs as adult learners. The training materials generated by the project were well received by participants but would have benefited from a 'content review' by persons outside the project thus reducing the possibility of important issues (e.g. gender) being overlooked. The trainer-training for IRASC and PWT staff had an important repercussive effect resulting in a reasonable number of persons in each province trained in core IR areas.
• Start and improve your business (Phase III) - Papua New Guinea - Final Evaluation Family issues in running Start and Improve your Business (SIYB) courses targeting women: there is a need to ensure that the husbands of participants understand the benefits of the training and any disruption this might cause to the family routine. One network partner faced domestic violence issues with participants when this was not done. Child care needs also need attention.
• Start and improve your business (Phase III) - Papua New Guinea - Final Evaluation Start and Improve Your Business and Wantok practices: The wantok kinship system operating in PNG generally reinforces sharing of resources and obliges one to assist another wantok, even to one's own detriment or loss. If these customs are extended to business operation the results can be disastrous. At least one SIYB trainer - the Madang District Individual and Community Development Organization - is specifically addressing this issue in its training and providing advice on how to navigate around it in a culturally appropriate way. Similar customs operate in other Pacific Island countries and this lesson could be applicable in projects implemented in these locations.
• Start and improve your business (Phase III) - Papua New Guinea - Final Evaluation Network partners can assist in marketing: The involvement of network partners that can help connect participants to markets is desirable.
• Start and improve your business (Phase III) - Papua New Guinea - Final Evaluation Teaching methods: The point was made that with some communities it is very important to incorporate into the teaching real life examples with which participants can readily identify. Such examples should be drawn from the participants themselves. Culturally, many PNG people learn by observing and doing rather than by absorbing theory. The need for such an approach should be highlighted in the SIYB trainer training courses.
• Working out of poverty project: Decent work pilot programme Ghana - Final Evaluation Although the two immediate objectives (aiming at national and district level) are consistent with the overall development objective, the lack of using the frame for operational planning and monitoring has shown that it is of little relevance to ensuring project management and delivery. While the list of comparative indicators of achievement can also be validated as appropriate, the list of specific indicators per immediate objective confirms the lesson learned that partly unrealistic and partly irrelevant indicators result in the logframe becoming obsolete. As a result, project staff struggles for a good sense of direction for implementation and does not even start using the logframe as a daily tool for rolling planning.
• Working out of poverty project: Decent work pilot programme Ghana - Final Evaluation For a truly integrated Micro- and Small Enterprise (MSE) development and Local Economic and Social Development (LESD) approach to succeed beyond external funding, the performance criteria need to be further developed and improved for future interventions. The lesson learned from that is that the momentum created by the Ghana Decent Work Pilot Programme/Ghana Working out of Poverty Project (GDWPP/GWooP) programme in its pilot phase carries the risk of lack of sustainability if the project is terminated at the end of the current phase.
• Working out of poverty project: Decent work pilot programme Ghana - Final Evaluation Impact measurement has not been possible, due to the lack of a simple monitoring & evaluation system in place. A rapid impact assessment would have to use all project data generated at this point, and use them as the baseline for a next phase. Such an approach is methodologically viable, feasible and can be done at low-cost to validate potential impact that might already show, on a wider scale, in the near future.
• RBSA Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in Asia: Equality and decent work promotion for Asian women - Final Evalaution While there is virtue in the fact that visibility, and credit-taking are not strong in the institutional ethos of ILO, it is unfortunate that because of short programming horizons, mature outcomes are not always associated with the ILO, and therefore levers for accessing the resources needed to continue good work are lost. Ultimately an increase in regular ILO budgets is what is needed to realize the long term goals of decent work.
• RBSA Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in Asia: Equality and decent work promotion for Asian women - Final Evalaution The G-RBSA has demonstrated particular impact in expanding regional participation in an international standard making process. It has also demonstrated that such participation can be an incentive to constituents, and leverage for domestic advocacy groups, to work toward domestic law and policy reform in the area under global review.
• RBSA Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in Asia: Equality and decent work promotion for Asian women - Final Evalaution UN agencies, ILO social partners, and many civil society organizations have made public commitments to mainstreaming gender equality principles. There is strong interest among these communities in learning to apply ILO gender-mainstreaming tools. While these tools are generally 'user friendly' learning them requires practice in application and follow-up: practice that must be facilitated by experienced gender specialists if systemic impact is to be maximized. The recognition of gender experts and their role is part of the consciousness raising process. In addition, local networks of gender experts are needed as a resource to ensure the sustainability of gender-mainstreaming initiatives.
• RBSA Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in Asia: Equality and decent work promotion for Asian women - Final Evalaution Domestic workers and immigrants, although often working in situations that do not favour the development of collective action, or self-improvement, are poised to work collectively for their rights if encouraged. They will also respond to educational offerings that enhance their work prospects if such offerings are appropriately organized. Ethical issues are raised, however, by lifting hopes and aspirations without sustained capacity to follow-through on initiatives.
• RBSA Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in Asia: Equality and decent work promotion for Asian women - Final Evalaution The RBSA mechanism has administrative teething problems that must be worked out. Delay in delivery of funds, insecurities regarding timeframes for planning, and unpredictable earmarking complicate results-based-management.
• RBSA Evaluation of gender mainstreaming in Asia: Equality and decent work promotion for Asian women - Final Evalaution To maximize efficient and effective outputs with a flexible funding mechanism like RBSA, Regional and Country Offices are best positioned to undertake project planning. It is at field level where short-term potentials, facilitating contexts, and most urgent needs are best understood, but accountability must be ensured.
• Support to the youth employment network secretariat 2010-2012 - Mid Term Evaluation The concept of the YEN’s LCN is a powerful one, however, the current engagement of the Lead Countries and interaction between them needs to be galvanised. Activity is sporadic, there is limited ownership in many countries and the mechanisms for peer review and South-South learning need to evolve, in order to achieve LCN’s full potential. Whilst secure funding would revitalise the network there is also scope to revisit, clarify and develop the activities and communication channels.
• Support to the youth employment network secretariat 2010-2012 - Mid Term Evaluation A lesson which has been successfully learnt by the YEN Secretariat from early Evaluation Clinics was that few participant organisations had capacity to implement an Impact Evaluation. In order to better meet participant needs and be more results-oriented, the Clinic modality has thus evolved from a strict focus on IE, to encompassing broader, more fundamental aspects of monitoring and evaluation.
• Support to the youth employment network secretariat 2010-2012 - Mid Term Evaluation The reliance of the Secretariat on external funds to support core costs continues as a threat to sustainability. The Secretariat has responded well to the challenge, establishing an impressive bidding record, diverse funding streams and partnerships.
• Support to the youth employment network secretariat 2010-2012 - Mid Term Evaluation YEN’s Y2YF projects demonstrating best results were those that met real demand, adapted to local context and had easy access to both the raw materials and appropriate technology – those that ‘added value’ to certain existing processes (particular in agribusiness). Wholly innovative projects focusing on brand new products/processes often faced more difficulties and unexpected costs.
• Reducing Labour Exploitation of Children and Women: Combating Trafficking in the Greater Mekong Sub-region - Phase II - Final Evaluation Project management should be provided advice and assistance on how to exit (phase out) In long lasting and large projects, activity areas tend to grow and become varied, not always interrelated but adding to the complexity of the Project. The observations made by the evaluator during the evaluation of the TICW project, is that indeed there was a tendency for activities to grow a bit out of hand. Progress reporting became quite some undertaking as a result of the complexity, in particular as the reports were required to be submitted in two different formats, one for the ILO-IPEC and one for DFID. Thus, the Project became almost unmanageable at SRO level. Exit strategies and consolidation need to be considered and dealt with in all Projects. In large and complicated projects this becomes even more important and it can be more arduous for a Project management to close down a Project than to start it up - as closing down entails making conclusions about its achievements and merits, successes or failures as well as issues about sustainability and replicability. In the case of TICW, planning for the conclusions in the form of lessons learnt and good practices started quite well ahead of the closure. Furthermore, the Project mapped potential new interested or potentially interested organisations/programme that could take over or replicate some of the TICW components. This included discussions with the AusAid regarding a new Project in the field of anti-trafficking.
• Reducing Labour Exploitation of Children and Women: Combating Trafficking in the Greater Mekong Sub-region - Phase II - Final Evaluation All development partners should appreciate the factors involved in 'changing mind sets': Views have been raised that awareness raising do not have any effect against human trafficking. The Project has clearly shown that advocacy and awareness raising activities are necessary means in working with prevention in the fight against trafficking. Advocacy related activities are often the foundation on which policy changes are made and from which actions are generated to eliminate societies' tolerance of exploitation, build support networks for, and with, the young and vulnerable.
• Increasing Protection of Migrant Workers in the Russian Federation and Enhancing Development Impact of Migration in the Southern Caucasus - Final Evaluation Sound migration management: Labour migration as the basis of sound migration management is what the project puts forth through its activities and efforts. Sound management of migration is a positive development issue and this has become possible through the project’s approach to labour migration.
• Increasing Protection of Migrant Workers in the Russian Federation and Enhancing Development Impact of Migration in the Southern Caucasus - Final Evaluation Regional (multi-country) programming: The project design that brings the four countries together, creating clusters of sending and receiving countries through agreements, mutual understanding and common priorities, improves its overall effectiveness. Sending and receiving countries have been working on equal grounds and sharing responsibilities.
• Increasing Protection of Migrant Workers in the Russian Federation and Enhancing Development Impact of Migration in the Southern Caucasus - Final Evaluation Social cohesion approach: The whole objective of the project has the enhancement of social cohesion - between labour migrants and workers - as its common denominator. The recognition by the sending countries of their own citizens who are not only perceived through the remittances or their participation in co-development actions, but also through their rights that should be protected is one of the important achievements of the project. Due to this approach, in quite a short time span, the project was capable to bring together different stakeholders, different countries and have them realize mutual priorities and needs.
• Increasing Protection of Migrant Workers in the Russian Federation and Enhancing Development Impact of Migration in the Southern Caucasus - Final Evaluation Brain drain is an important issue together with loss of work force and brain loss in sending countries. More emphasis should be put on this issue related to “migration and development”, especially in relation to the Readmission agreements and Mobility Partnership Programme with the EU MS.
• Outcome 14 - Freedom of association, collective bargaining - GLO/11/57/SID and GLO/12/59/NOR - Final evaluation Lesson learned 7 on decentralisation (Norwegian and Sweden projects) Field offices should take the leadership to design a national strategy for the promotion of the rights to FoACB. The model could involve using various sources of knowledge and experience available to the ILO, including the experience of projects in a particular country, other technical reports available and outcomes of previous processes of tripartite dialogue. The proactive coordinating role played by the ILO offices in Beirut and Manila has been instrumental to achieve positive results in Jordan and the Philippines in a strategized way.
• Outcome 14 - Freedom of association, collective bargaining - GLO/11/57/SID and GLO/12/59/NOR - Final evaluation Real cooperation among different projects expected to cooperate under the OBPF modality or an ACI is really challenging without establishing a common logical framework to guide their common actions. Projects expected to cooperate under the OBPF modality or an ACI would benefit for the establishment of a common logical framework to guide their common actions.
• Outcome 14 - Freedom of association, collective bargaining - GLO/11/57/SID and GLO/12/59/NOR - Final evaluation strategy to develop a Global Tool A major challenge for the intervention has been to link an activity of research nature, aiming at developing a global tool, with a process of political nature, the tripartite adoption of national plans of action. Agreements with donor countries already included the elaboration of national plans of action. This element created some bond to further flexibility and capacity of the project to adapt its strategy. Efficiency and effectiveness of the intervention has been affected by the establishment of this bond. The project should have established a clear strategy about “how to build a global tool to promote FoACB rights based on employers’ and worker’s perceptions and practices. What elements was to incorporate the Global Tool? What questions can be generally asked and tackled and what others should be country /sector - specific?
• Outcome 14 - Freedom of association, collective bargaining - GLO/11/57/SID and GLO/12/59/NOR - Final evaluation Design of the tool (Swedish project) Evaluation findings show that the original design of the tool tht included five steps -Discover, Report, Plan of Action, Implementation and Review- is not effective. However the two first steps –Discover, comprising the diagnostic mission and the diagnostic report) –that add a new approach to existing ILO knowledge and reaches out to individual non-organised workers, employers and government officials- can certainly be a valuable contribution to broaden the approach of constituents in dealing with FoACB. A suggested strategy for the intervention has been presented through a diagram in the Evaluation Report.
• Outcome 14 - Freedom of association, collective bargaining - GLO/11/57/SID and GLO/12/59/NOR - Final evaluation Lesson learned 5 on the unexpected impact of the tool (Swedish project) The diagnostic mission -and its various methods for gathering information- has evidenced an unexpected direct effect on workers and employers that participated in the surveys, particularly those who are not organised. This effect takes the form of an improved knowledge on the rights to FoACB and a better awareness on the benefits that the exercise of these rights could bring to the workplace. This unexpected impact fits well in the strategy designed by the ILO under Outcome 14.
• Outcome 14 - Freedom of association, collective bargaining - GLO/11/57/SID and GLO/12/59/NOR - Final evaluation Lesson learned 6 on South-South cooperation (Norwegian project) In the Philippines, South-South cooperation with Sri Lanka has proven to be very effective in promoting and implementing a computerized system for labour compliance. Being able to learn from countries in similar stages of socio-economic development was very appreciated by the government. Peer learning could be especially useful in such sensitive issues as FoACB. The ILO could provide room to the social partners to discuss with peers their own experiences, expectations, and roads for improving the practice of these rights. The ILO is in a privileged position to promote this approach in future interventions.
• Outcome 14 - Freedom of association, collective bargaining - GLO/11/57/SID and GLO/12/59/NOR - Final evaluation Lesson learned 4 on the use of the tool (Swedish project): The use of the tool and the sociological approach that it brings could be of particular value in specific sectors or countries where there is momentum, such as the specificities of an industrial relations system in a particular sector, or the social, economic and political context that places the issue as a priority in the agenda of the social partners.
• Preventing and eliminating child labour in identified hazardous sectors in India (child labour component) - Indus - Mid Term Evaluation As income generation for families is fundamental to the success of Elimination of Child Labour (ECL) and essential for any sustainable ECL intervention, this component should receive special strategic attention since its design and implementation requires different skills sets to those of regular development programmes.
• Preventing and eliminating child labour in identified hazardous sectors in India (child labour component) - Indus - Mid Term Evaluation A cascade system of institutional arrangements from national to state to district level work well in creating awareness, understanding and better ownership of child labour as a key development intervention.
• Preventing and eliminating child labour in identified hazardous sectors in India (child labour component) - Indus - Mid Term Evaluation A vocational training component is in principle an excellent addition to Elimination of Child Labour (ECL) interventions, and should be replicated or scaled up with very careful consideration of systemic hindrances or weaknesses in design and implementation approaches that may affect results.
• Preventing and eliminating child labour in identified hazardous sectors in India (child labour component) - Indus - Mid Term Evaluation Beneficiary monitoring systems are essential for reflecting a true picture of the effectiveness of Elimination of Child Labour (ECL) interventions. Yet they should be relatively simple, in line with the skills of those who have to manage and use them, especially where communities have to take ownership of such systems.
• Independent thematic evaluation of the ILO-Irish Aid Partnership Programme - Mid Term Evaluation In the absence of effective provision for access to finance, entrepreneurship development alone may be of limited value in terms of job creation.
• Independent thematic evaluation of the ILO-Irish Aid Partnership Programme - Mid Term Evaluation In terms of the entry points to reach the vulnerable, it is clear that for macro level change the federal and provincial level government seems to be a good entry point whereas for micro-level change BDS providers, community based associations and NGOs provide a good entry point.
• Independent thematic evaluation of the ILO-Irish Aid Partnership Programme - Mid Term Evaluation Integrating women's entrepreneurship development can help while dealing with problems such as illegal human trafficking, child labour, etc.
• Independent thematic evaluation of the ILO-Irish Aid Partnership Programme - Mid Term Evaluation Use of national project advisory groups provides a forum for members from various stakeholder groups such as government, employers' organisations and trade unions to engage in a dialogue and learn from each other's knowledge and experience.
• Independent thematic evaluation of the ILO-Irish Aid Partnership Programme - Mid Term Evaluation Enabling the direct beneficiaries to organise themselves tends to increase their access to critical inputs such as financial capital and develop linkages with business service providers.
• Independent thematic evaluation of the ILO-Irish Aid Partnership Programme - Mid Term Evaluation Programmes targeting deprived groups such as disabled women are more likely to succeed if they integrate entrepreneurship development along with vocational training and basic education.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation Contrariamente, las condiciones de estabilidad macroeconómica, un clima político de concertación nacional, la mayor confianza en la democracia son elementos favorables para el impulso de iniciativas con los mandantes y el encuentro entre los mismos que permiten avances en el logro de los objetivos de los proyectos, sin embargo estas situaciones son poco frecuentes, principalmente en países donde es latente el déficit de Trabajo Decente. Por lo tanto, un elemento que permite sobreponerse al clima político es el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad en el ámbito de los trabajadores, empleadores y Estado.- El fortalecimiento y modernización de las organizaciones representativas de trabajadores y empleadores así como las instancias del Estado es una precondición para la generación de espacios de mayor fluidez para el desarrollo de agendas conjuntas, así como la institucionalización de la problemática de Trabajo Decente y sostenibilidad de los proyectos.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation La elección del personal técnico adecuado para el proyecto y las relaciones laborales son aspectos que no deben descuidarse para el logro de un buen desempeño.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation No menos importante es garantizar que las acciones y dinámicas desarrolladas por el Proyecto trasciendan el periodo de intervención. Por ello se debe incluir desde el diseño estrategias de salida que brinden mayor sostenibilidad a las acciones desarrolladas.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation Para consolidar el compromiso de las contrapartes, se debe partir desde la inclusión de los mismos en el diseño de los proyectos mediante un periodo de consulta para la validación de los objetivos y acciones a fin de lograr su institucionalización, compromiso y constituirse en elementos de sostenibilidad. Durante el periodo de intervención es fundamental mantener coherencia entre las acciones del Proyecto y los compromisos institucionales asumidos.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation Existen factores externos que representan elementos de riesgo para éxito de un proyecto tales como: La inestabilidad política, el clima de tensión no favorable al diálogo social, la débil estabilidad institucional en el sector público, las dificultades de organizar agendas de trabajo con las organizaciones de trabajadores y empleadores y el contexto de polarización del país.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation El periodo de intervención del proyecto -33 meses- es insuficiente para consolidar estrategias como el tema del diálogo social, que logró avances valiosos pero frágiles. Debe extenderse la presencia de la OIT como columna importante en el fortalecimiento y permanencia del diálogo social a fin de no perder el avance logrado.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation La inclusión del objetivo del Proyecto en los planes institucionales, la inclusión de los principios del Trabajo Decente en las políticas de Estado y la legislación son un importante elemento de sostenibilidad y contribución en las estrategias de la OIT de superación del déficit de Trabajo Decente.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation El diseño del Proyecto fue un aporte novedoso como estrategia de intervención global de la OIT en un país y con el desarrollo del PATD se validó dicha estrategia. EL PATD-B fue exitoso y replicable, con una estrategia integral de acción que no se focalizó en un solo contenido o tema especifico relativo a la problemática de empleo en Bolivia sino que su accionar contempló las diversas dimensiones que comprende el concepto de ¿Trabajo Decente¿ y, a su vez, debió articular en forma transversal los grupos objetivos y la participación activa de sus contrapartes. La experiencia de la aplicación de la estrategia de intervención del Proyecto, constituye una contribución valiosa a las estrategias de la OIT de lucha contra el Déficit de Trabajo Decente y como esfuerzo de intervención global de la OIT en un país.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation Las estrategias de la OIT de superación del déficit de Trabajo Decente deben tener cuenta de las debilidades del Estado para ¿la implementación de políticas y programas¿ en la medida que continúen las limitaciones presupuestales del mismo así como la rotación de funcionarios capacitados.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation Se logra mayor eficiencia de desempeño y avances en las actividades con el apoyo de instrumental operativo tales como matrices de seguimiento, planificadores y afines.
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation la estrategia de interacción multidisciplinaria de los especialistas de la Oficina Subregional con el Proyecto, la articulación con otros proyectos institucionales son iniciativas replicables que suman eficiencia al desempeño del Proyecto
• Programa de Apoyo al Trabajo Decente en Bolivia (PATD) - Final Evaluation La identificación de puntos críticos es fundamental para garantizar el éxito de un programa. En este sentido, este tipo de programas, con contrapartes incluyentes, presenta como aspectos críticos la participación activa de dichas contrapartes.. La lógica de intervención requiere enfatizar en la coordinación y construcción de relaciones fluidas entre las contrapartes: Trabajadores, Empleadores y Gobierno.
• Capacity Building for Employment Services and JOBSNET (CABNET) (ILO Accelerated Employment Services Project (AES), Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation The Project revealed that job placement and training targets can be achieved only through close collaboration with employers and trainers. In the present Project, the employer and trainer support was requested to provide services for the numbers where the JobsNet has referred to them without taking into consideration the facilities available with institutions or on the demand for the outputs.
• Capacity Building for Employment Services and JOBSNET (CABNET) (ILO Accelerated Employment Services Project (AES), Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation The Project should have been better designed and implemented to achieve expected targets. It is important to learn the reasons for not fulfilling the targets and overcome such causes for achieving targets.
• Capacity Building for Employment Services and JOBSNET (CABNET) (ILO Accelerated Employment Services Project (AES), Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation The opportunities available for the youth need not to be confined to employment within the local environment. The training given in international languages, e.g. Professional English Education Centre proved that English educated youth have better prospects both locally and internationally when they were provided with competitive training.
• Capacity Building for Employment Services and JOBSNET (CABNET) (ILO Accelerated Employment Services Project (AES), Sri Lanka - Final Evaluation Skills training needs to be well planned and implemented to make opportunities for those who completed training, to find employment. It was evident during the survey that there were a considerable number of beneficiaries who possess skills but are waiting for jobs. They have registered under the present program for placements and not necessarily for further training. Such requirements need to be further studied before referring those beneficiaries for further training
• Projets d'insertion des jeunes dans la vie professionnelle à travers les investissements (Phase Pilote - PEJIMO) - Mid Term Evaluation The "Projets d'Insertion des Jeunes dans la vie Professionnelle à travers les Investissements à Haute Intensité de Main d'oeuvre" (PEJIMO) is an effective tool to advise the Agence pour la Promotion de l'Emploi des Jeunes (APEJ) and to assist in training which allows the APEJ to optimize the rural employment dimension in investment projects.
• Projets d'insertion des jeunes dans la vie professionnelle à travers les investissements (Phase Pilote - PEJIMO) - Mid Term Evaluation The mobilization of development agents (decentralized technical departments, municipalities, community associations, economic operators in the private sector, Economic Interest Group (EIG)), was effective throughout the project and led to the realization of public works of quality and cost-effective. In rural areas the EIG was preferred. In urban areas the coating blocks of rock and sanitation of roads were a particularly innovative element of this project. This component proved to be usefule for scale testing this employment generating technology which had a comparative advantage over the asphalt bitument in a majority of areas in Bamako.
• Community development through employment creation and improved migration management - Final Evaluation The idea of bringing together the highly specialised technical expertise of ILO with the strongly established implementation capacity and field presence of UNDP, as well as the experience of IOM with labour migration in Tajikistan is excellent and deserves the full support of the UNCT and the Resident Coordinator.
• Community development through employment creation and improved migration management - Final Evaluation This project was in many ways ground-breaking. ILO as the organisation that took the initiative, the UNTFHS as a donor dedicated to supporting a more holistic approach to empowerment and development, and UNDP with its Communities Programme as the solid platform to build upon - all deserve recognition for taking on the most formidable challenges and seeing through the implementation of this project.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM works) Norwegian Contribution - Final Evaluation The initial costing was unrealistic. It was based on experience in other countries and failed to take account of the need for more earthworks, drainage and slope protection in the mountainous areas of Timor-Leste. The initial estimate was based on $15,000/km and $22,000/km was achieved. Trying to achieve the lower figure led, in places, to sub optimal designs including the use of overly steep inclines on some of the roads. Future projects must be based on more realistic estimates of the cost. The forthcoming ERA and R4D projects are based on $40,000/km and $50,000/km respectively which are much more realistic.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM works) Norwegian Contribution - Final Evaluation It was difficult to get villages to cooperate with one another where they were both working on one road. Many of the roads crossed two or three sucos or villages and there was often a problem in getting the communities to work with each other. One result of this was that communities would not permit workers from one suco to work on roads in another suco¿s area.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM works) Norwegian Contribution - Final Evaluation A further lesson learnt was that assumptions on the availability of local compaction equipment (vibrating rollers) for hire were overly optimistic. The project bought some and hired others. Breakdowns were frequent and, as the rollers were a key piece of equipment, this delayed work on construction. In future projects adequate numbers of rollers must be bought at the start of the project and there must be spare machines to take over when there is a breakdown. Spare parts must also be purchased.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM works) Norwegian Contribution - Final Evaluation The original eighteen-month project duration was much too short. This was apparent at the time of the MTR when a six-month extension was agreed. With additional funding and time extended to 3 years and 7 months it was possible to achieve all the main outputs. It is important that realistic estimates of time be included in future projects.
• Skills for youth employment and rural development in western and southern Africa (Umbrella RAF/09/05/DAN) Zimbabwe - Final Evaluation Transaction costs of 50% and more of an available budget of pro-grams of several years, managed by a PMU, composed by very small numbers of key staff, is no longer up to date from the per-spective of many donors. In view of a more efficient use of rare and expensive management resources, elements of lean management could be evaluated in view of their appropriateness.
• Skills for youth employment and rural development in western and southern Africa (Umbrella RAF/09/05/DAN) Zimbabwe - Final Evaluation The high level of delegation of program implementation to local government structures, as well as the intensive use of available government training facilities, technical expertise and skills is highly appreciated. However, when strongly delegating program imple-mentation, at least monitoring structures should be kept in hand and not be outsourced to partner structures at the same time. This is of particular interest when an impact monitoring shall be used for measuring significant changes at an early stage.
• Skills for youth employment and rural development in western and southern Africa (Umbrella RAF/09/05/DAN) Zimbabwe - Final Evaluation Similar nationwide-operating large scale programs should better define their strategies in terms of group-based or individual target-ing. Using a group-based approach for individual beneficiaries with-out any previous group-experience (e.g. Master Craftspersons) cannot work successfully.
• Skills for youth employment and rural development in western and southern Africa (Umbrella RAF/09/05/DAN) Zimbabwe - Final Evaluation Micro-credit is a crucial and highly synergetic instrument for income-generating programs and it should not be left out. Yet, micro-credit must be completely separated from development activities (such as e.g. trainings etc.).
• Combating forced labour in Brazil - Final Evaluation It is difficult to undertake a project that is using a label different from that of the ILO conventions terminology. By accepting the widespread national practice of coining FL as 'slave labour', the ILO has contributed to polarizing the opponents and proponents around the existence of FL practices in Brazil. In concrete terms, the use of Slave Labour may have limited the ILO's ability to engage the employers organizations, while it may initially have helped its position as regards to the government and the workers' unions. Nonetheless it should be preferable for the ILO to systematically stick to its convention terminology, less it is placed in a difficult position - considering the number of different terms used worldwide to describe different forms of FL: 'bonded labour', 'slave labour', 'indecent labour', etc.
• Combating forced labour in Brazil - Final Evaluation Prevention is a very difficult exercise, and is normally defined as awareness raising through education and dissemination. It is impossible at this stage to demonstrate that some people at-risk have not become FL workers because of any project intervention - so those projects educating the target communities of FL workers in their areas of origin are likely to have potential success over the longer time-frame.
• Combating forced labour in Brazil - Final Evaluation The project also did actively support the ICC, which was founded partly as a result of the FL project induced product chain study, the dirty list, and a strong networking with the different partners both at national and state level. The ICC is a good example of a positive oversight organisation for the coal sector, with internal audit of its members to ensure compliance, while at the same time having the capacity to demonstrate positive reintegration of rescued forced labour workers.
• Combating forced labour in Brazil - Final Evaluation Key issue is to identify in Brazil what is the differentiating factor which actually makes people become forced labour workers. While poverty and illiteracy are widespread amongst rescued FL workers, it is not sufficient to explain why these people did in fact find themselves in a FL situation. Many other people, poor and illiterate, do not become FL workers, the same as not all poor illiterate young girls become victims of sexual exploitation. Further research to understand the differentiating element for FL in Brazil should be done.
• Combating forced labour in Brazil - Final Evaluation While governments have naturally to repress the perpetrators of FL practices and assure that they are not immune to prosecution, in a country the size of Brazil repression alone cannot extinguish FL practices. While a degree of prevention is certainly necessary, and has been supported by the project, as well as a degree of reintegration (positive demonstrations from the ICC), government structures are a heavy machinery which take time to adapt. At present there is a project that has yet to start to create labour placement agencies in decentralised locations in various states supplying forced labour, in order to offer alternative livelihoods for people at-risk. But by and large there hasn't been to date any government policy to give socio-economic alternatives to those people who have been exposed to FL.
• Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning Project (IRAP) in Sri Lanka: A component of UNOPS' Community access programming - Final Joint Evaluation The outputs produced by the IRAP process, especially the GIS maps would be of immense advantage for most of other service facility improvement and development organizations such as Water Supply and Drainage, Communication, Electricity and Road Maintenance due to various reasons. The Regional Office of National Water Supply and Drainage Board in Ampara has already indicated the benefit of the GIS plans that were produced as outputs, since the use of these plans would reduce the cost of surveys on the preparation and construction of water distribution systems and related facilities and drainage systems etc.
• Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning Project (IRAP) in Sri Lanka: A component of UNOPS' Community access programming - Final Joint Evaluation The outputs developed under the IRAP process have been already owned by the Ministry of Local Government and Provincial Councils and the Eastern Provincial Council; This is an extremely important and a positive movement where the process and methodology could be replicated for development planning not only in other districts of the Eastern Province but in other local authorities of the country as well.
• Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning Project (IRAP) in Sri Lanka: A component of UNOPS' Community access programming - Final Joint Evaluation A methodical and sound planning approach such as IRAP is acceptable to the officials and the community and could be replicated in any part of the country for rural level planning and development.
• Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning Project (IRAP) in Sri Lanka: A component of UNOPS' Community access programming - Final Joint Evaluation The introduction of IRAP process has filled a vacuum in the regional planning system and information needs for planning and development of Ampara district.
• Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning Project (IRAP) in Sri Lanka: A component of UNOPS' Community access programming - Final Joint Evaluation For a district like Ampara where development information is lacking, the IRAP process is highly relevant and useful and appreciated by the community for their involvement and participation in development
• Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning Project (IRAP) in Sri Lanka: A component of UNOPS' Community access programming - Final Joint Evaluation The IRAP process has been appreciated and commended by the line agencies and provided the planning authorities at both the government level and the local level as useful and much needed exposure in undertaking local level planning and implementation activities
• Promoción de políticas para trabajadores/as con responsabilidades familiares con dimensión de género en América Latina y el Caribe - Final Evaluation Las alianzas estratégicas con otras agencias de Naciones Unidas, así como con otros proyectos de la OIT son un factor que puede potenciar las acciones del proyecto, ayudando a visibilizar ciertos temas (como los efectos de la crisis desde una perspectiva) y también a consolidar el rol de la OIT en lo relacionado a igualdad de género en el empleo.
• Promoción de políticas para trabajadores/as con responsabilidades familiares con dimensión de género en América Latina y el Caribe - Final Evaluation Las acciones subregionales y regionales tienen sentido y proyección en tanto haya procesos nacionales en marcha a los que pueda dárseles seguimiento y acompañamiento. De lo contrario, se generan expectativas que pueden devenir en frustración o se quedan como actividades que pueden ser provechosas, pero sin continuidad en el tiempo.
• Promoción de políticas para trabajadores/as con responsabilidades familiares con dimensión de género en América Latina y el Caribe - Final Evaluation Un factor del éxito del proceso ha sido el estilo de gestión flexible, que respeta los ritmos y dinámicas de las organizaciones y que sabe adaptarse a los contextos cambiantes, entendiendo el rol de la OIT como un facilitador de procesos antes que como un actor que impone una determinada mirada.
• Promoción de políticas para trabajadores/as con responsabilidades familiares con dimensión de género en América Latina y el Caribe - Final Evaluation Para que un proyecto de este tipo tenga éxito es indispensable contar con recursos humanos especialistas en los temas de género y empleo que puedan liderarlo. Asimismo, se requiere que los profesionales que se contraten para acciones específicas tengan
• Promoción de políticas para trabajadores/as con responsabilidades familiares con dimensión de género en América Latina y el Caribe - Final Evaluation Dos de los roles ampliamente reconocidos y legitimados de la OIT son el de generador de conocimientos y el de ¿fijador¿ de agenda. Esta experiencia ha mostrado que estos son roles centrales y que deben potenciarse a través de las acciones que se realicen.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Romania: the learning and counselling activities would have a better impact if they are correlated with support in goods and servicdes to ensure basic needs, especially where target children come from poor families.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Kosovo: Partnership with local government authorities, public institutions, civil society, business community and workers representatives proved effective on issues of identification of child labourers, withdrawal, rehabilitation and long-term reintegration and tracking.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Albania: At the local level, partnerships with the municipalities to establish LACs and MDTs were key to promoting the sustainability of the initiatives.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Albania: NGOs, MDTs and schools were three key partners which proved exemplary in carrying out activities.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Bulgaria: Training social institutions staff to serve as trainers in life skills is a challenge, as they tend to focus on complex relationships with the children.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Bulgaria: There were some drawbacks in project implementation due to insufficient co-ordination with Unicef.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Kosovo: Partnership and coordination with local government institutions provided a foundation for mainstreaming policies against WFCL and profiling the specific category of these social beneficiaries.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Albania: The lead national role played by the Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs should be supplemented to include local government.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Bulgaria: Media is a complex target. It might be better to invest in interested journalists rather than to invest in trainings of large groups.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Albania: The pilot project is proving successful and may serve as positive models for replication amid the broader process of decentralization of social services
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Romania: Preparatory phase of the APs is key to the success of the project, ensuring consensus among the actors and mobilizing resources for efficient implementation.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Kosovo: WFCL is not a priority topic for media. Training of journalists and involvement of media to address Cl is necessary.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Albania: Info collected by MDTs can be used to inform the future development of local community development plans, as well as in lobbying for future funding.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Kosovo: Partnership with religious organizations and other civil society groups proved effective in awareness raising activities.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Kosovo: Employers need support to adequately understand their role in CL issues and to become an active stakeholder group.
• Combating child labour in selected Stability Pact countries: Capacity building and direct action - Final Evaluation Bulgaria: Elimination of WFCL should be placed in the agendas of stakeholders tackling violence against children and traffiicking in children.
• Erradicación del trabajo infantil en America Latina (HQ Component) - Mid Term Evaluation Las experiencias-piloto o modelos de PETI, si bien importantes, poseen un impacto limitado y con frecuencia no son fáciles de replicar autónomamente por los actores locales. Es importante analizar el costo-beneficio de algunas de estas experiencias y adecuar el diseño de los programas de acción a las futuras capacidades de inversión de los países. Caso contrario se corre el riesgo que los modelos no sean replicados o lo sean en forma insuficiente.
• Erradicación del trabajo infantil en America Latina (HQ Component) - Mid Term Evaluation Los distintos niveles de desarrollo institucional y de descentralización de los países condicionan el nivel de los logros alcanzables en cada país y determinan niveles variables de apropiación de las acciones programáticas e inversión específica por parte de los actores.
• Erradicación del trabajo infantil en America Latina (HQ Component) - Mid Term Evaluation Definir políticas públicas y asignar metas a las mismas no es condición suficiente para la implementación sostenida de acciones de PETI si es que las mismas no se ven acompañadas de la dotación de recursos humanos, materiales y financieros para su cumplimiento y la inserción de metas específicas dentro de los planes operativos de las instituciones. En general, IPEC debería asumir en adelante que, si una política o programa no tiene expresión explícita en el presupuesto de un sector o país, corre el riesgo de convertirse en letra muerta o decorativa, pues su aplicación tiene mayor probabilidad de quedar sujeta a la buena voluntad de los ejecutores o a la inexistencia de otras necesidades concurrentes a las que se termine asignando fondos no explícitamente "etiquetados" para ser usados en relación al trabajo infantil.
• Erradicación del trabajo infantil en America Latina (HQ Component) - Mid Term Evaluation La creación de estructuras tripartitas de PETI no garantiza su operatividad o funcionalidad. En algunos países (Costa Rica, Colombia) existe malestar en el sector sindical por los márgenes de participación que se percibe tienen en las mismas.
• Strengthening industrial relations and labor law compliance in Morocco - Final Evaluation Obtaining sustainable results in partnership with the administration is challenging, as it lacks flexibility in budget, cannot easily attribute staff time, and has a tendency of changing priorities when the leadership changes. The latter has caused important delays to the project and changes in the work plan.
• Strengthening industrial relations and labor law compliance in Morocco - Final Evaluation The project design workshop was a necessary stage to ensure that the project's strategies were adapted to the needs of the target population and for the stakeholders to regain confidence in the project after its difficult start. The exercise should have been completed though, to include a work plan and targets, on the basis of which better indicators could have been developed.
• Strengthening industrial relations and labor law compliance in Morocco - Final Evaluation The consultative approach that was used during the project requires extra time. This should be accounted for in the work plan, but it may also entail certain modesty with regard to the objectives that can be achieved.
• Strengthening industrial relations and labor law compliance in Morocco - Final Evaluation Monitoring should be a project activity in its own right, to make sure it gets the appropriate attention.
• Strengthening industrial relations and labor law compliance in Morocco - Final Evaluation The success of this project depended strongly on the professionalism, diplomatic skill, and cultural sensitivity of the CTA. While this was a positive attribute of the project under review, it is the potential Achilles heel of any new initiative. It implies that the choice of a CTA for a possible follow-up project will need careful consideration.
• Strengthening industrial relations and labor law compliance in Morocco - Final Evaluation A follow-up project will be necessary to capitalize on the training that has been provided regarding the inspection methodology, collective bargaining and the creation of enterprise committees.
• Modernización laboral de la industria azucarera en México - Final Evaluation El diálogo social como base de la transformación productiva y de la capacitación: La relevancia del diálogo social como base de la transformación productiva y de la capacitación de un sector muy importante socialmente, pero con su viabilidad amenazada inicialmente por pérdida de competitividad y con una situación conflictiva en la relación entre los actores. Para superarlo se generó un círculo virtuoso en que la voluntad política se retoalimentó con la rigurosidad y la innovación técnica.
• Modernización laboral de la industria azucarera en México - Final Evaluation El aporte y las sinergias con las políticas públicas en varios niveles y dimensiones: Lo logrado en este sector puede tener un efecto demostrativo y en el futuro ser la referencia para desarrollar políticas similares en otros sectores productivos. También puede aportar al desarrollo y al fortalecimiento de la política de negociación colectiva a través del área de conciliación de la Secretaría de Trabajo. La lección en este sentido es que aún existiendo voluntad de empresarios y sindicatos, se necesita de un tercer actor que facilite el diálogo, que le de garantías a ambos y le proporcione soporte técnico. La Secretaría de Trabajo le dio un encuadre institucional al diálogo y se apoyó en la OIT para cumplir el resto de las funciones de apoyo técnico que requería el proceso de negociación. En el futuro ese papel de la Secretaría debería incrementarse, tanto para asegurar la sostenibilidad en el sector azucarero, como para poder promover procesos similares en otros sectores.
• Modernización laboral de la industria azucarera en México - Final Evaluation Estrategia metodológica que combina estandarización con flexibilidad: Estrategia que logró compatibilizar los estándares nacionales con el ¿traje a la medida" de las necesidades de cada Ingenio. La arquitectura de competencias resultante es estandarizada y muy rigurosa en la identificación y certificación de la competencias, o sea en las referencias que la orientan y evalúan y a la vez es muy flexible en el instrumento intermedio, o sea en la capacitación para lograrlas. Por una parte las normas de competencia y las certificaciones son nacionales y equiparables para todos. Pero en el medio de ambas herramientas, las GAECs se han adecuado a cada ingenio posibilitando su apropiación e identificación con ellas y en definitiva, incrementando su utilización.
• Programme de promotion du dialogue social en Afrique francophone (PRODIAF) Phase III - Final Evaluation Le réel défi du dialogue social et de son développement est beaucoup plus humain que technique.
• Programme de promotion du dialogue social en Afrique francophone (PRODIAF) Phase III - Final Evaluation Le développement du dialogue social, et par conséquent la programmation, la gestion et l'évaluation de son appui, doivent être soutenus par un cadre de référence théorique et conceptuel clair, explicite et partagé.
• Programme de promotion du dialogue social en Afrique francophone (PRODIAF) Phase III - Final Evaluation Une condition nécessaire à la durabilité d'institutions performantes en matière de dialogue social est la formation et l'apprentissage continus.
• Programme de promotion du dialogue social en Afrique francophone (PRODIAF) Phase III - Final Evaluation Il n'y a pas de modèle unique d'organe de dialogue social.
• Programme de promotion du dialogue social en Afrique francophone (PRODIAF) Phase III - Final Evaluation L'appui au développement du dialogue social requiert un leadership capable d'engager le niveau politique sur des questions de fond.
• Programme de promotion du dialogue social en Afrique francophone (PRODIAF) Phase III - Final Evaluation Le dialogue social n'est pas une fin en soi mais un moyen de développement du tripartisme, d'amélioration de la gouvernance et de développement économique et social.
• Combating hazardous child labour in tobacco farming in Urambo (UTSP), Tanzania (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation General lesson: Linked to the point above, it is vital to abundantly make it clear the limitations of the project from the very start in terms of what it can do and what it cannot do. For a project of this nature that deals with a huge and complex problem (in this case WFCL) whose coverage is not only district wide, but also nation wide, there is always the danger of creating over-expectations. In this regard, it is important that such an aggressive sensitization and awareness package that underscores the fact that the project is only kick-starting efforts to deal with WFCL, should be embedded in its day to day operations. Combating Hazardous Child Labour in Tobacco Farming in Urambo District, Phase II - UTSP, Tanzania Independent Mid-term Evaluation - 2009.
• Combating hazardous child labour in tobacco farming in Urambo (UTSP), Tanzania (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation General lesson: Resource leveraging and a well designed referral system that links up project beneficiaries and implementers to alternative funding sources, should be given serious attention at both design and implementation stages. In order to ensure that this is happening, the project's monitoring and evaluation system should include key performance indicators to facilitate the monitoring of financial and other resources being mobilized from alternative sources during project implementation.
• Combating hazardous child labour in tobacco farming in Urambo (UTSP), Tanzania (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation The context of the lessons: In many ways, some stakeholders demonstrated an overdependence syndrome on the project. This was particularly evidenced by an out-cry from community leaders and teachers on the inadequate resources from the project. This matter came up in all the six out of the nine wards the project is operating in. The basis of such an out-cry were the large numbers of OVC who needed support. In a number of cases, there was desperation that was evident on account of the magnitude of the problem.
• Combating hazardous child labour in tobacco farming in Urambo (UTSP), Tanzania (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation The context of the lesson: To a great extent, the low capacity of the IAs staff as well as their high staff turn-over was due to low budgetary provisions. The total Phase II budget for 14 APs over a period of nearly four years was US $ 662,050. What goes towards the administration is a fraction of the total budget, usually not more than 10% for projects of this nature. It is not surprising, therefore, that the IAs had a challenge to engage suitably qualified staff as well as to retain those engaged. This scenario suggests that a comprehensive assessment of institutional capacity alluded to in (1a) above was not sufficiently done.
• Combating hazardous child labour in tobacco farming in Urambo (UTSP), Tanzania (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation The context of the lesson: The two tobacco companies operating in the Urambo district have responded well in their efforts to fight the WFCL. The most outstanding response by the tobacco companies relates to the oxenization programme whose growth has been impressive over the years. From the analysis in Chapter 4, the programme appears to be positively contributing to the fight against the WFCL through the usage of more efficient means of transportation. It also appears that the project is positively contributing towards household income which empowers households to provide for the school needs of their children.
• Combating hazardous child labour in tobacco farming in Urambo (UTSP), Tanzania (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation General lesson: The capacity of an institution is dependent on a number of factors some of which may be beyond the control of the institution concerned. Consequently, during the design phase, it is crucial to undertake a comprehensive review of all factors that are likely to affect the performance of an institution (including whether the budgetary provisions for staff remuneration are sufficient to attract and retain qualified staff).
• Combating hazardous child labour in tobacco farming in Urambo (UTSP), Tanzania (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation General lesson: A public-private sector partnership can work well in the fight against the Worst Forms of Child Labour. The pre-requisite for such success is a carefully thought through sustained sensitization initiative that aims at bringing the private sector on board. It takes the private sector to appreciate at least two fundamental issues for it to respond appropriately: (i) the private sector¿s social responsibility, and (ii) the benefits to the private sector which tends usually to be long term, where such benefits apply.
• Apoyo al programa de duración determinada para la eliminación de las peores formas de trabajo infantil en El Salvador - Fase II - Mid Term Evaluation El programa de Salas de Nivelación como tal constituye una práctica exitosa en la intervención directa con NNA trabajadores. Como ya se ha mencionado en el análisis, supone una estrategia muy efectiva en retiro. Es especialmente relevante el papel aglutinador de diferentes actores comunitarios en torno a la problemática del TI. Si se dispone de una sistematización adecuada y una documentación práctica, esta estrategia podría ser extendida hacia un mayor número de ONG y Fundaciones de carácter social que incorporan estrategias de educación en sus programas de desarrollo rural, logando así un incremento sustancial del alcance.
• Apoyo al programa de duración determinada para la eliminación de las peores formas de trabajo infantil en El Salvador - Fase II - Mid Term Evaluation El paquete escolar ha sido valorado como un mecanismo de compensación eficaz por parte de las familias y otros actores del proceso a nivel local. Esta medida no sólo constituye una donación en especie que favorece la toma de decisión de la familia desde el punto de vista económico, sino que supone un empuje para la incorporación a programa a modo de mecanismo catalizador.
• Apoyo al programa de duración determinada para la eliminación de las peores formas de trabajo infantil en El Salvador - Fase II - Mid Term Evaluation El establecimiento de alianzas entre las asociaciones de productores de azúcar, el Comité Técnico y la OIT, pero fundamentalmente, la incorporación directa de funciones de monitoreo de trabajo infantil en las estructuras organizativas de ingenios (contratación de Promotores Sociales y asignación de funciones relacionadas a los Jefes de Campo), en estrecha coordinación con inspectores del MINTRAB, ha constituido una práctica favorable para los efectos del PDD.
• Apoyo al programa de duración determinada para la eliminación de las peores formas de trabajo infantil en El Salvador - Fase II - Mid Term Evaluation La gestión realizada para diversificar y mejorar las fuentes de datos sobre trabajo infantil constituye un modelo efectivo de intervención, en tanto aprovecha esfuerzos institucionales e inserta de manera permanente la temática sin necesidad de recurrir a grandes recursos. La identificación gradual de instrumentos existentes en las diferentes dependencias públicas, su vinculación con las respectivas problemáticas resaltando los beneficios de especificar mediciones de trabajo infantil, así como los apoyos prestados por la OIT mediante asistencia técnica en aspectos metodológicos (diseño y sistematización) forman parte de una estrategia relativamente sencilla pero altamente efectiva para recopilar información cualitativa y cuantitativa sobre trabajo infantil.
• Apoyo al programa de duración determinada para la eliminación de las peores formas de trabajo infantil en El Salvador - Fase II - Mid Term Evaluation Finalmente, como aspecto relevante en la gestión del programa, la estrategia de financiación en dos etapas (línea de base junto a intervención piloto / intervención a mayor escala) llevada a cabo con las agencias implementadoras, constituye una práctica interesante de coordinación y armonización de protocolos de intervención, así como de control de calidad en el desempeño de las agencias.
• Eliminating child labour in El Salvador through economic empowerment and social inclusion - Final Evaluation Diagnóstico y estrategias apropiadas de desarrollo de capacidades institucionales: Los resultados del proyecto indican que la construcción del marco institucional y de políticas en los niveles macro y meso es un proceso lento que no depende únicamente de los esfuerzos técnicos que se hagan para construirlo, sino también de la prioridad que las autoridades políticas otorguen al trabajo infantil, del grado de desarrollo de las capacidades nacionales para la gestión de las políticas públicas en general, de la disponibilidad de servicios locales para los niños, entre otras. Por tanto, todos estos elementos deben diagnosticarse con detenimiento a la hora de diseñar la propuesta de mejoramiento de las capacidades institucionales que, además, debe indicar las estrategias específicas que pondrá en marcha para fortalecer a las instituciones y lograr que ese fortalecimiento sea sostenible.
• Eliminating child labour in El Salvador through economic empowerment and social inclusion - Final Evaluation Es necesario entender cuánto y de qué manera las actividades de sensibilización contribuyen a cambiar las pautas culturales: La evaluación de impacto mostró que aunque las actividades desarrolladas para la creación de micro emprendimientos no incrementaron los ingresos de los hogares, se produjo una mejora en la asistencia y permanencia de los niños en la escuela. Aunque la evaluación no se diseñó para dar cuentas de las causas de este efecto, es plausible pensar que se debe a las actividades de sensibilización realizadas, el compromiso escrito que asumieron los beneficiaros de retirar a los niños del trabajo y mantenerlos en la escuela, y la expansión social del mensaje sobre la nocividad del trabajo infantil a través de las escuelas y las alcaldías. Este hecho requiere mayor investigación sobre el efecto que la sensibilización y la presión social tienen sobre las pautas culturales relacionadas con la primacía del trabajo infantil sobre la escolarización.
• Eliminating child labour in El Salvador through economic empowerment and social inclusion - Final Evaluation La realización de estudios preliminares dan mayor solidez a la evaluación final: Los distintos elementos del sistema de monitoreo y evaluación del proyecto se han mostrado útiles para identificar los resultados y explicarlos. La evaluación de impacto aportó elementos importantes para determinar el impacto de una de las estrategias del proyecto y su uso es una buena práctica ampliamente reconocida. Asimismo, los estudios institucionales realizados por el proyecto ayudaron a conocer los resultados de una de las estrategias claves de la teoría del cambio. Los estudios sobre los indicadores escolares también contribuyeron con elementos para la evaluación final.
• Eliminating child labour in El Salvador through economic empowerment and social inclusion - Final Evaluation PA para mejorar la sostenibilidad de acciones en escuelas y municipios: La firma de contratos o convenios por pequeños montos tanto con las alcaldías y como con las Asociaciones Comunales para la Educación (ACE) y los Consejos Directivos Escolares (CDE) favoreció el compromiso de los alcaldes y de los directivos y docentes de las escuelas por lograr los objetivos del proyecto. Este mecanismo, acompañado de reglas claras pero flexibles, permitieron que dichos actores se apropien de las actividades propuestas por el proyecto y hayan tenido una mayor propensión a continuarlas una vez que se terminaron los recursos del proyecto. Se requiere mayor documentación y estudios para considerarla una buena práctica.
• Eliminating child labour in El Salvador through economic empowerment and social inclusion - Final Evaluation El diseño de proyectos para la generación de ingresos familiares requiere análisis técnicos y económicos previos: La evaluación de impacto indica que no se observó un impacto significativo del proyecto (producto 5.1) en el incremento de los ingresos y gastos del hogar. El análisis de la experiencia indica que el diseño de este producto fue inadecuado porque no consideró varios factores clave como: 1) no todos los que inician la formación vocacional tiene éxito en los micro emprendimientos, 2) es necesario establecer filtros para elegir a los beneficiarios con más potencial para tener éxito, 3) la falta de experiencia de las entidades nacionales en trabajar con población rural pobre. Además, la meta que estableció el proyecto (incremento de 20% de los ingresos de 5.300 familias) fue sobredimensionada dados los recursos, el tiempo disponible y la capacidad y experiencia de las instituciones con la población beneficiaria. El aprendizaje que debe extraerse de esta experiencia es que el diseño de proyectos de generación de ingresos a escala mediana requieren de un análisis técnico y económico riguroso.
• HIV/AIDS prevention education programme in the workplace in the Barbados - Final Evaluation A lesson learned from the project is the need in future projects to identify in the project design how project-initiated activities are to be sustained over a longer period of time following the conclusion of the project, and then to direct project resources and effort towards ensuring that the institutional framework, resources and technical capacity are in place to ensure sustainability. The adoption of a sustainability plan towards the end of the project may not give enough time to provide resources and support to ensure a successful transition and continuation.
• HIV/AIDS prevention education programme in the workplace in the Barbados - Final Evaluation A lesson learned that emerged from the Dissemination Workshop is that the engagement of the tripartite constituents at all levels of the decision-making process is key to ensuring their maximum commitment and participation in the PAB and all planned Project activities and events.
• HIV/AIDS prevention education programme in the workplace in the Barbados - Final Evaluation Virtually all individuals trained by the Project and interviewed by the Evaluation Team expressed satisfaction with the training and with their increased knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The trainees felt empowered to share the information with workmates, family members, friends and others. More individuals expressed interest in being trained as Peer Educators (PEs). Due to PE turnover, some enterprises have requested additional Peer Educator training and refresher training for already trained PEs. Training of PEs began late in some enterprises. Thus, a lesson learned is that effective training is an important element in effective BCC, that PE training should take place early in a project, and that provision should be made for Peer Educator turnover in enterprises, especially in the hotel/tourism sector.
• HIV/AIDS prevention education programme in the workplace in the Barbados - Final Evaluation The most motivated enterprise Peer Educators appear to be those who volunteered rather than those who were "volunteered" by management. Ownership of an HIV/AIDS programme by employees in an enterprise appears strongest where it was managed by employees themselves, especially union members, rather than HR departments. But management recognition and support also appear crucial for the success of an enterprise HIV/AIDS workplace program. Thus, a lesson to be learned is that a "bottom-up" employee-based approach to creating an HIV/AIDS workplace program in an enterprise works well, provided that there is strong management support and recognition.
• HIV/AIDS prevention education programme in the workplace in the Barbados - Final Evaluation One essential element of the Focal Point and Peer Educator training was the involvement of PLWHA from CARE and UGLAAB. The Dissemination Workshop identified as another lesson learned that the involvement of HIV+ persons in Peer Educator training and other workshops and seminars was effective and "empowering and encouraging them to continue to function as productive and capable members of society", and should be continued.
• Support to the Cambodian national plan of action on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour: A time-bound approach - Final Evaluation Parliamentary structures are sometimes overlooked in the child labour social mobilization strategies. The lesson learned in Cambodia is that Parliamentarians can be powerful allies for the passage of child labour specific initiatives and mainstreaming child labour concerns into broader agendas. In the months following the seminar, six Ministerial decrees on hazardous work were validated (by the Ministry of Labour) and the NPA WFCL was finally approved.
• Support to the Cambodian national plan of action on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour: A time-bound approach - Final Evaluation At both the national and provincial levels, the MLVT has a special mandate to champion child labour issues; however, to implement policy, clearly many other public and non civil society actors must be mobilized and enlisted to provide services to children engaged in or at risk of engaging in the WFCL. At the provincial level, through the provincial child labour committee, the PDLVT was able to leverage resources from other institutions and develop referral mechanisms to connect these children to services already existing in their community.
• Support to the Cambodian national plan of action on the elimination of the worst forms of child labour: A time-bound approach - Final Evaluation Recent analysis of micro-credit programs world wide have led some experts to conclude that in the absence of savings mobilization in conjunction with credit, the long term impact on the poor is mitigated or even negative. Similarly, for the "poorest of the poor" who were targeted by the SHG intervention, providing incentives to save is important for their long term well being. In addition, in the context of Cambodia, where trust within communities was broken down during the Khmer Rouge period, the recreation of social solidarity among villagers is likely also very important and in conjunction with awareness raising in favour of education and against child labour, may be a way of creating both better businesses and strengthening the value of education.
• Consolidating the legal and institutional foundations of social dialogue in the countries of Western Balkans and Moldova - Final Evaluation Work on legislation, especially related to representativity criteria and establishment of tripartite and bipartite institutions, was key to enable countries to align with international best practices.
• Consolidating the legal and institutional foundations of social dialogue in the countries of Western Balkans and Moldova - Final Evaluation Work with TUs and EOs was useful, but it was not possible to address all the needs and cover all the issues during the life span of the project. This work needs to be further carried out to fully enable these social partners to correctly fulfil their mandates and satisfy their constituencies. More joint activities for TUs and EOs would have probably contributed to strengthening mutual understanding and dialogue.
• Africa commission: Youth entrepreneurship facility - Phase I - Midterm Evaluation Risks and assumptions associated with foreign exchange losses where project budget is denominated in one currency and actual expenditure incurred in another currency should always be explicitly built in as part of risks and assumptions.
• Africa commission: Youth entrepreneurship facility - Phase I - Midterm Evaluation In the context of the target countries, entrepreneurship culture change for the youth by itself is just one of the key elements towards success in youth employment and entrepreneurship development and should always be combined with three other elements, namely (i) facilitation of access to finance-which itself is in fact a BDS function; (ii) promoting culture change on the part of financial service providers; and (ii) promoting enabling business environment especially the regulatory framework.
• Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia: Supporting the Time Bound Programme for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia - Final Evaluation Despite the illegal and secretive nature of the worst forms of child labour, a determined government cooperating with NGOs and supportive communities can combat most of these problems, although tracking and withdrawing street children involved in drug trafficking remains very difficult.
• Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia: Supporting the Time Bound Programme for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia - Final Evaluation Involvement of community organizations and local governments with NGO projects is necessary, both for effective implementation and to increase sustainability.
• Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia: Supporting the Time Bound Programme for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia - Final Evaluation The most successful efforts have combined policy and regulatory initiatives with direct action community-based projects coordinated by action committees with broad government and NGO membership.
• Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia: Supporting the Time Bound Programme for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia - Final Evaluation The Genta drop-in centre was instrumental in providing services to street children and girls involved in CSEC. Some of the lessons learned by Genta were: 1) it is important to involve the police, health centre and other government offices and to network with other NGOs, 2) one and a half years is not long enough to effectively provide withdrawal and rehabilitation services, and 3) coordination by the Child Protection Commission and the Action Committee for prevention of WFCL are very helpful.
• Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia: Supporting the Time Bound Programme for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia - Final Evaluation The project's direct management of many small, short-term contracts was appropriate for the first phase but may not be suitable to support the institutional development and sustainability required in the next phase of support to the NPA.
• Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia: Supporting the Time Bound Programme for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia - Final Evaluation A set of indicators to assess risk of trafficking for CSEC was developed including birth registration, single parent family, poverty, school drop out and siblings who work. The documentation of experience with these indicators is presented in a Module for Raising the Awareness of Students to Prevent Trafficking of Children: A Hand Book for Facilitators, Edited by Hotline Surabaya, and Published by ILO-IPEC. Some of the lessons learned are that 1) staff members who work in a community should live in the community, 2) care is needed in selection and guidance of volunteer workers, 3) record all children who receive any service, 4) it is important to build networks with local government offices and community leaders.
• Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia: Supporting the Time Bound Programme for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Indonesia - Final Evaluation Expanding access to and improving formal secondary education is the most effective way to prevent child labour exploitation. Direct assistance that is most effective includes: a) grants to poor families and students for education related expenses; b) remedial education for at risk students; c) teacher training on active, creative, effective and enjoyable methods; d) training on life-skills, child rights and the risks of child labour; and e) combined elementary and junior high in one roof schools in remote areas.
• Promoting freedom of association and collective bargaining rights in the rural and export processing sectors - Final Evaluation Greater tripartite ownership can be achieved by consulting constituents during the selection of national consultants who conduct studies on issues of freedom of association and collective bargaining. The consultants should be seen as neutral by the tripartite constituents.
• Promoting freedom of association and collective bargaining rights in the rural and export processing sectors - Final Evaluation Working with national interviewers is an important component of a diagnostic process. It provides invaluable support and augments the larger capacity-building efforts. Proactively soliciting ideas from national interviewers with regard to adaptation of interview tools or strategies will support a diagnostic protocol that takes into account the cultural and social context of the country. A debriefing process can provide a forum to reflect on lessons learned and good practices and build national interviewers’ awareness regarding next steps in the analysis and results of their efforts.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Management of funds centrally delayed the implementation process.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Lack of any indicators in Ethiopia and only indicators to the output level in Ethiopia indicator hindered ILO's accountability to project results
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Mainstreaming of HIV/AIDS in the world of work is still a new concept for many; employers and this change in thinking takes time. This shift in thinking of management cannot be underestimated and adequate time and resources must be committed to this process. As a result, to develop a policy that is owned by individual workplaces takes time.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation A robust monitoring of the interventions should be considered as part of the mainstreaming process. Effective monitoring will, over time, provide the organisations with direct evidence of the benefits of the workplace policy to their core function.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Countries should develop project-specific proposals. The original proposal was developed for three countries, and in some countries information was not relevant to the context on the ground. Project document was meant as guidance but never changed to incorporate specific issues and challenges.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Relying on individuals for policy development and related activities hindered programme effectiveness as ILO was consistently faced with a high turnover of staff. Working through committee ensures wider ownership and mitigates against the risk of high turnover of staff.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Need to engage staff at the right level within respective organisations, ensuring that they have the authority to make decisions around operationalising the workplace policy.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Commitment of funds from enterprises in the operationalising of a workplace policy shows organizational commitment to the policy process.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Ensuring ownership at the management level is crucial for embedding any policy within an organisation and therefore, sustainability of any interventions in the longer term.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation To ensure continued focus and support for the national policy development the NPA could have been developed while the national policy was being finalised, so the policy and the plan of action could be launched at the same time.
• Prevention and mitigation of HIV/AIDS labour and socioeconomic impact in the world of work in Uganda and Ethiopia - Final Evaluation A process of ensuring an effective HIV/AIDS workplace policy involves: a) signing of MOU outlining clear roles and responsibilities; b) organisational assess-ment to determine the operational frame-work and structure for policy devel-opment; c) establishment of a policy committee to ensure a wider engagement and ownership of the process and reduced risk of process failure due to high turnover of staff; d) development of policy and respective operational plan; and 3) roll-out of prevention and mitigation activities.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM Works) - Mid Term Evaluation TIM Works had to be operational within a very short period and only a short lead time was available to establish modalities, procedures and select and design the schemes. The decision of fully concentrating on the maintenance and rehabilitation of key rural roads links as these activities can be relatively quickly initiated and provide relative large numbers of employment opportunities and can be designed in a relatively short period. When more time and resources would have been available, it would have been worthwhile to adopt a broader and more diversified 'menu' of interventions that would reflect local communities' priorities. Examples of sub-sectors and activities with good potentials for labour absorption that could effective contribute to local economic development are small-holder irrigation development, flood control activities and water and soil conservation using labour-based or labour-intensive approaches.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM Works) - Mid Term Evaluation Such projects do need however sufficient time to be firmly established. This includes the development of strategies, guidelines, procedures and modalities that need to be integrated and institutionalized within the government system (like procurement procedures), the establishment of labour productivity norms as the basis for payment, the development of sufficient implementation capacities within the public and private sector, and the establishment of effective modalities for involving local communities in the planning and implementation of such works. A minimum of five years is reckoned to be required to achieve this.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM Works) - Mid Term Evaluation The combination of limited class room training with extensive on-the-job training for supervisors, engineers and contractors regarding the planning and implementation of construction works using labour-based approaches proves to be very effective. In low capacity environments like Timor-Leste is should be acknowledged that considerable time and effort is required to train the contractors, engineers and supervisor on the effective application of labour-based methods. This should be factored into the designed (and initially low) rate of physical progress that a project will be able to achieve. During the initial one to two year much attention needs to be given to training and capacity building activities. When 'absorption' capacities in low capacity environments have been over-estimated, this may negatively affect the quality of the works because of pressure on a timely completion of the works.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM Works) - Mid Term Evaluation A crucial factor to the successful implementation of labour-based infrastructure development projects is the availability of competent and experienced technical assistance personnel. The success of TIM Works is largely attributable to the quality of the technical assistance provided by the ILO who has extensive experience in planning, managing and implementing labour-based infrastructure works projects.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM Works) - Mid Term Evaluation Processes, achievements and lessons learned in the planning and implementation of innovative projects like TIM Works need to be well documented. This will enable policy makers to assess the relevance, significance and effectiveness of such projects and this will be very useful in convincing policy makers about the importance of such projects vis-à-vis objectives of employment creation, poverty reduction through infrastructure-triggered local economic development and issues related to social security. Proper documentation of the findings and lessons learned will also facilitate the design of similar future projects.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM Works) - Mid Term Evaluation The Project also shows that the introduction of innovative features like the task work concept where workers are being paid on the basis of their output, in accordance with set labour productivity norms, takes considerable time and effort. It is very important to closely monitor the appropriateness of the used labour productivity norms (and productivity norms of equipment) to ensure that realistic norms are being established. In parallel, close supervision is required to ensure that an optimum organization of the labour and the equipment is being achieved and that the amount of 'slack' time is being minimized.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM Works) - Mid Term Evaluation TIM Works is demonstrating that innovative labour-based infrastructure development projects can be successfully implemented at a large scale in challenging and low capacity environments and that such projects are very appropriate and effective in combining and integrating objectives of short-term employment generation, enhancing social stability and providing good quality and cost-effective basic infrastructure that reflects priorities and the needs of local people.
• Investment budget execution support for rural infrastructure development and employment generation (TIM Works) - Mid Term Evaluation It is very important that effective monitoring and evaluation systems are being developed at the beginning of projects that do not only capture information about the physical and financial progress but that also enable projects with dual objectives (short-term contribution to poverty alleviation through targeted short-term employment creation and long-term contribution to poverty reduction through infrastructure-triggered local economic development) to assess its effectiveness in terms of effects and impacts.
• Contribution to the prevention and elimination of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic - Final Evaluation The messages must strongly emphasize the possibility of jail sentences. However, modifications in conduct cannot be achieved only in cognitive terms; one must work at the subjective and affective levels.
• Contribution to the prevention and elimination of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic - Final Evaluation Teaching and sensitization work better "peer to peer". The journalists speak the language of journalists and lawyers that of the lawyer.
• Contribution to the prevention and elimination of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic - Final Evaluation To achieve adoption, it is important to respect established systems. For example in the case of the Follow-up System for Commercial Sexual Exploitation (FSCSEC) the project's system was adjusted to PANI's already existing system. Thus, it avoids the danger of generating stress on the officers, who could potentially perceive them as additional tasks.
• Contribution to the prevention and elimination of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic - Final Evaluation In Belize and Costa Rica the APs found the support teams in schools to be a highly useful resource. When the schools have them, the psychologists and counsellors are well aware of the family situations and can serve as a bridge to place a child in the project.
• Contribution to the prevention and elimination of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic - Final Evaluation The project had the opportunity to enjoy a short (conceptual) pause, between the first and second phases, to reflect on what had to be adjusted. One of the main lessons that were integrated into the second phase, and which became very successful, was that the APs work more closely with local and community networks and organizations. The MCRA works better through local systems of protection that respond to the particular realities of that community.
• Contribution to the prevention and elimination of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic - Final Evaluation Studies on masculinity found two messages that function as preventative deterrents: 1.) that the practice brings with it jail sentences, and to a lesser extent 2.) through empathy: if they have daughters of the same age as their victims, rejection may be achieved.
• Contribution to the prevention and elimination of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic - Final Evaluation It is necessary to give constant and personalized follow-up (to obtain an effective rescue) and this is very expensive and time-consuming.
• Contribution to the prevention and elimination of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic - Final Evaluation It is essential to work with men to find a solution to the problem. Understand that there is a "critical path" of men towards CSEC and there are risk factors to become an exploiter. This helps towards the development of strategies for the prevention of CSEC.
• Contribution to the prevention and elimination of commercial sexual exploitation of children in Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic - Final Evaluation The executing agencies learned that case identification rarely happens through the help of the "logical actors" (police denunciations). Every AP had to find alternative means for identifying victims; some through the schools, other cases were integrated into their community, generating confidence prior to approaching the victims. The detection process is long and that was unforeseen in the MCRA.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation The evaluation team can only hypothesize that if the partnership with Implementing Partners had been inverted - giving DCLC's resources to manage and outsource activities to local NGOs as appropriate - the result might have been different.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation Microfinance facilities have spread across Kenya over the last several decades, and it is unclear why the project did not seek to leverage access for needy families, or at very least tailor project-based IGAs to establish their creditworthiness so they could graduate into such programmes.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation It is also worth mentioning that not all poor people aspire to be entrepreneurs, and not all aspiring entrepreneurs, even those with very small investments, succeed. IGAs are not a universal panacea for poverty or child labour.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation ILO/IPEC worked with a technical committee, comprised of a subset of NSC members to review AP reports and deliberate on key issues. But ultimately the lack of a multi-ministerial forum at the national level impeded policy debate as well as strategic national level collaboration on issues related to WFCL.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation Without a unified framework for analysis or a common set of variables, the PoS' ability to offer an evidence base to support a model for combating the WFCL in specific sectors remains anecdotal.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation Many of the partner schools reached by the PoS are government schools that receive the lion's share of MoE support. Kenya's non-formal schools cater to the children from very poor backgrounds often living in informal settlements. They are also children who are most likely to be found in child labour.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation The project rested in some important ways on the idea that government employees and in particular community members would contribute their time and resources to identify children in dangerous working situations, report them to authorities and chip in for their schooling or sustenance. This kind of safety net support is traditionally most common in rural areas, but turned out to be an assumption that weakened the sustainability of the project. While in some cases local people were in leadership roles that may have inclined or even mandated them socially, technically and financially to contribute (for instance with teachers, Chiefs, clergy, and CBO representatives), this was not always the case. Indeed, the assumption that volunteers would and will emerge in every setting to take the critical tasks forward is rather ironic given the repeated refrain in Nairobi and district offices from salaried government employees that they and their colleagues from other ministries were unable to even meet to talk about child labour issues without a financial incentive for doing so.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation When children work in abusive, exploitative or situations that expose them to activities that are traumatic, they may need to be rehabilitated before they are emotionally ready to reenter school or a vocational training programme. Some of the IP's recognized this, and were able to provide psychosocial support. Others lacked in-house expertise. Teachers in particular would benefit from training to help them to identify children at risk and help children who return to school after being traumatized.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation In retrospect, as many observers commented that launching a range of individual action programmes without a clear political commitment from the MoL, engaged national structures, and a confirmed Child Labour policy to inform and drive these downstream activities put the cart before the horse. Sadly, this was the same strategy adopted in the predecessor commercial agriculture programme which similarly got overstretched in attempting to support action programmes in a range of sites while at the same time address national policy issues.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation Based on conversations with key informants, it appears that some of the agencies that placed youth in vocational training underestimated costs, which, in addition to tuition, also often include tools, start up kits and apprenticeship fees. Also, in several cases initial training was insufficient for trainees to secure employment, and the funding available was not enough to underwrite the necessary advanced training.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation The presence of a range of social service professionals on the committee was instrumental in providing individualized safety net interventions. This demonstrates the value of the multi-stakeholder structure. However, given the resourcing of public sector services in Kenya today, reliance on public sector safety nets at any scale to address the root causes of child labour may not be a solution in the medium term. The development of scalable community-based solutions remain an outstanding challenge. DCLC linkages with private entities that provide child support, feeding and health care programmes etc. should be institutionalized as far as possible. This is particularly critical in urban areas where the social safety net is weaker.
• Supporting the National Plan of Action for the elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Kenya - Final Evaluation While many of the adults interviewed reported benefiting in the short term from these efforts, in many cases the structures or linkages necessary to continue to support these families was too short-lived to guarantee their sustainability. As discussed below, given a different programmatic framework, a more strategic approach would probably have been to engage with some of the many microenterprise agencies in Kenya to link vulnerable families that wanted to engage in business with a more reliable source of services and support.
• Fortalecimiento institucional en materia migratoria para contribuir al desarrollo de los países de la región andina (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú) - Mid Term Evaluation La formación de cuadros técnicos de carrera de los Ministerios de Trabajo para el desarrollo de servicios de gestión migratoria laboral es una prioridad en los cuatro países, y se configura como un mecanismo efectivo para la instalación de capacidades.
• Fortalecimiento institucional en materia migratoria para contribuir al desarrollo de los países de la región andina (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú) - Mid Term Evaluation La interlocución con actores clave requiere de presencia y continuidad en cada uno de los países de ejecución, así como un conocimiento exhaustivo de la trayectoria de los mismos en los procesos previos de diálogo social.
• Fortalecimiento institucional en materia migratoria para contribuir al desarrollo de los países de la región andina (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú) - Mid Term Evaluation No es posible emplear el mismo modelo de gestión migratoria laboral en los cuatro países, siendo que la distribución competencial y las relaciones de poder entre las diferentes instancias del Estado difieren de un país a otro. Se requiere de una adaptación, manteniendo como criterio general la priorización de las instancias de Trabajo como entidad que al menos ostente la gestión operativa.
• Fortalecimiento institucional en materia migratoria para contribuir al desarrollo de los países de la región andina (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú) - Mid Term Evaluation Los cambios legislativos que refuerzan el papel de las instancias de Trabajo, constituyen un catalizador muy efectivo para desencadenar el proceso de transformación de la estructura el Estado que permite la instalación de capacidades de gestión migratoria laboral.
• Fortalecimiento institucional en materia migratoria para contribuir al desarrollo de los países de la región andina (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú) - Mid Term Evaluation El diseño la intervenciones basado en una aplicación meramente formal del Marco Lógico dificulta la gestión del ciclo de proyecto, y no facilita la integración de los aprendizajes en los mecanismos de programación de OIT a los diferentes niveles subregional, regional e internacional.
• Micro and small enterprise development for pro-poor growth in Sri Lanka (ENTER-GROWTH) - Final Evaluation LOCA/VCD which improved understanding of market systems: the project moved from a focus on LOCA, which helped identify 'quick win' solutions as well as priority value chains, to a more comprehensive value chain approach, first at the local level and then also at the regional level. The value chain approach enabled a more market orientation and prioritisation of what the project calls 'proposals'. It also enabled better involvement of all relevant stakeholders such as larger companies. Stakeholders were very much involved in this evolution and have therefore been able to directly learn which approaches work best for them. The downside is the amount of time these analytical approaches took, which caused some frustration amongst the Facilitators.
• Micro and small enterprise development for pro-poor growth in Sri Lanka (ENTER-GROWTH) - Final Evaluation The 'light touch' catalytic approach which enabled the project to facilitate rather than intervene: this has significantly contributed to the effectiveness of the project particularly in helping stakeholders identify appropriate activities, building local ownership and commitment, ultimately leading to sustainable impact. It's worth acknowledging that the presence of Government or other donor funded projects in the four Districts has enabled partners to implement initiatives that originated through the Enter-Growth project. Having said this, it is clear that stakeholders took a considerable amount of time to understand and appreciate Enter-Growth's 'light touch' approach, partly because of a very different precedent set by other more interventionist projects.
• Micro and small enterprise development for pro-poor growth in Sri Lanka (ENTER-GROWTH) - Final Evaluation Increasing sustainability: it is clear that economic development at the District level is impacted by national policy, institutions, regulations and so forth. Equally, there is a clear role for learning and experiences at the District level to influence national policies. In order to maximize these opportunities, and achieve optimum sustainability, it is important for a District project, to also build constructive and close relationships with relevant and key national partners.
• Micro and small enterprise development for pro-poor growth in Sri Lanka (ENTER-GROWTH) - Final Evaluation MSE Forums are a key and unifying success of the project. There are many factors that have led to their importance, the most important being the strong local ownership and commitment for the Forums, and the recognition by stakeholders of their value beyond the requirements of the project
• Micro and small enterprise development for pro-poor growth in Sri Lanka (ENTER-GROWTH) - Final Evaluation Regulatory and Legal Reform: on the more general business environment reform activities, key lessons include the value the LOCA and VCD approaches have had in facilitating stakeholders to identify priority reform areas. The 'quick win' reforms achieved through the project have been very important in terms of both their impact and that they have built momentum and commitment. However, as the stakeholders, including the MSE Forums, start trying to address tougher constraints in the business environment, which require systemic changes (reform of regulations, policies and practices at the district, province and national level), it is likely that the advocacy process will need to be more rigorous and may require additional research and analysis to support arguments for reform. This is recognized by many of the stakeholders who expressed appreciation for a recent advocacy course provided through the project, and wished that they had been able to benefit from it earlier.
• Africa Commission: Youth entrepreneurship facility (YEF and YEN): ILO Component - Final Evaluation Implementation of providing youth organizations with innovative business development services was done through establishment of a Youth to Youth Fund (Y2YF). The Y2YF aimed at capacity building and offering funds to youth organizations. The administration of Y2YF has revealed that a large number of financial institutions exist in each of the three countries with a mandate to give loans in support of employment creation for youth; however, actual access to these funds remain as difficult as ever due to a number of administrative and regulatory requirements (bank loan requirements, official procedures, individual identity and certification, physical and psychological barriers to financial institutions, ignorance) most of which require active political will and private sector support. There, therefore, the need to advocate for adoption of Y2YF model by the public sector, donor agencies and development partners, as an effective strategy to promote youth entrepreneurship.
• Social protection and gender in Cambodia - Final Evaluation - Commitment doesn’t come easy from factory owners and factory management who are generally not interested in the well being of women workers, but only in timely delivery of quality orders. It would have been wise to have made arrangements with the factories about their share in responsibility, for instance, in investing in better factory infirmaries and in the supply of commodities. Arrangements should also have been agreed on allowing time to workers to attend training. This could have been done in some sort of cost-sharing arrangement with gradual phasing out of the subsidy. Arrangements should also have been agreed with factory management, regarding the funding of the activities of the HIV/AIDS Committees, since the Committees are mandatory by Ministerial regulation.
• Social protection and gender in Cambodia - Final Evaluation - When starting project implementation it is wise to review which strategy is the most critical to achieve the best outcomes. In the case of this project it is felt that the interventions on Equality and Non-Discrimination at Work, including the action oriented study on Gender Equality and Working and Living Conditions of Garment Factory Workers in Cambodia should have been more at the forefront, followed by interventions as action oriented responses. This would have resulted in a stronger involvement of government, employers and workers than has been seen in the project.
• Social protection and gender in Cambodia - Final Evaluation With regard to Objective 3 of the project, pre-Induction and post-factory employment opportunities: Outputs related to pre-industry induction and life-skills awareness raising have been attained through the development of a curriculum for pre-industry life skills training, which was merely piloted in a training of young rural women and garment workers by World Education (WE). Impact is noted through beneficiaries’ stories of changing savings and spending practices, as well as in changing eating habits and food hygiene. The project did not reach the stage of conducting the planned trainings in collaboration with other existing training providers. The outputs that seek to assess potential sectors for post industry livelihood assistance for garment workers, through the formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in savings and loans as a start-up for business development, have been partly attained. 60 SHGs were formed. About half of them are reported to function well in savings and loans. Only a small number of groups have started doing business that is still in a developmental stage. Continued support and guidance are needed to make them grow into viable economic options for post garment workers.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation The project succeeded in spreading the concept of social dialogue throughout the society because it targeted and closely collaborated with the three social partners, the government, employers and workers, as well as involved the media, the academics, university students, lawyers, judges and other NGOs representatives.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation Project management fully conversant with and abiding to established ILO administrative rules and financial procedures can secure prompt backstopping and thereby increase productivity and efficiency.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation In an environment that is ignorant regarding FPRW and social dialogue, the international labour standards and collective bargaining, freedom of association, the media may come in as an important transmission belt in reaching out for many more people that any project can do. A media component appears to be a must for all the projects of this type.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation The regular involvement of project partners in planning and implementation of jointly devised activities secures the development of national ownership of project activities and facilitates the sustainability of the results and outcome.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation The effectiveness of collective agreements depends on the availability of national experts on human capital management, productivity and health and safety.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation Projects may achieve considerable multiplier effects if capacity building activities focus on institutions, such as labour inspectorate.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation Technical assistance offered in the field of social dialogue and FPRW should be planned for a longer period of time, possibly in the form of a programme rather than projects, to allow for the generation of lasting results and impact.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation In countries that have not ratified core ILO conventions the project may count upon a strong support of the trade unions. In case of new ratification of ILO conventions there may be a need for training the recipients in the implementation of the ratified conventions.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation The establishment of tripartite bodies and institutions for social dialogue in an environment where all these modalities are unknown requires careful preparation and a lot of patience and a permanent involvement of the stakeholders in project planning and execution.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Jordan - Final evaluation When it comes to ignorance to be turned into knowledge and changing attitudes and values, project staff speaking the language of the beneficiaries stands a better chance to succeed.
• Programa regional para la aplicación de programas de trabajo decente en los países del MERCOSUR - Final Evaluation En proyectos con varios países con contextos institucionales diversos, y distintos avances en los PTDP y en diálogo tripartito, la flexibilidad en la implementación a los contextos nacionales es indispensable para lograr impactos en todos los países.
• Programa regional para la aplicación de programas de trabajo decente en los países del MERCOSUR - Final Evaluation Trabajar en dos niveles (nacional y órganos socio laborales de MERCOSUR), permite poner temas como por ejemplo, migraciones o indicadores de trabajo decente en las agenda de los países articulando el trabajo de OIT, los mandantes nacionales y Mercosur en torno al TD.
• Programa regional para la aplicación de programas de trabajo decente en los países del MERCOSUR - Final Evaluation Tener como sede del proyecto la oficina ETD/OP Santiago, fue una estrategia que reforzó la colaboración de los especialistas de OIT a los países MERCOSUR mejorando el impacto del proyecto.
• Programa regional para la aplicación de programas de trabajo decente en los países del MERCOSUR - Final Evaluation La contratación de coordinadores nacionales de reconocida expertise técnica, facilitó la ejecución del proyecto a nivel local, y mejora los impactos al haber continuidad en los interlocutores del proyecto.
• Programa regional para la aplicación de programas de trabajo decente en los países del MERCOSUR - Final Evaluation La liviana estructura de gestión del proyecto y el hecho que los recursos estuvieran disponibles, evitaron excesiva burocracia del proyecto, concentrando los recursos en los productos y actividades de los coordinadores nacionales del programa
• Programa regional para la aplicación de programas de trabajo decente en los países del MERCOSUR - Final Evaluation La estrategia de intervención del proyecto de fortalecer las instituciones gubernamentales permite la sostenibilidad de los impactos del proyecto, al ser las propias instituciones ownership del PdAPTDPM.
• Economic and social empowerment of returned victims of human trafficking - Mid Term Evaluation Economic enterprises need to be preceded by psycho-social recovery and that may take considerable time. Projects and APs seeking to provide recovery and reintegration services need to be planned with a timeframe that is appropriate.
• Economic and social empowerment of returned victims of human trafficking - Mid Term Evaluation Flexibility is absolute key for successful direct assistance. Victims of trafficking return from a myriad of different situations, different countries and different sectors. Each returnee has specific needs and concerns and has specific strengths and resources. Those must determine the type of assistance provided. Thus, service providers must be prepared to address different needs and situations.
• Economic and social empowerment of returned victims of human trafficking - Mid Term Evaluation In the context of post-trafficking recovery strategies: skills training courses offered by partners are, although with good intensions, often limited both in terms of variety and quality. It is important to link skills training to private sector and out-side 'Real life' on the job training (as in the skills training catalogue approach).
• Economic and social empowerment of returned victims of human trafficking - Mid Term Evaluation Regarding human trafficking, economic empowerment incentives/resources need to be enough to offer an attractive alternative to re-migrating.
• Economic and social empowerment of returned victims of human trafficking - Mid Term Evaluation Economic empowerment activities that involve the family can have a very important contribution to re-integration, not just to the family, but to the wider Community in cases of human trafficking.
• Economic and social empowerment of returned victims of human trafficking - Mid Term Evaluation Human trafficking returnees are still subject to the same economic pressure that led them to migrate in the first place and re-migration, with as many safeguards as possible, needs to be offered as an option.
• Economic and social empowerment of returned victims of human trafficking - Mid Term Evaluation Human trafficking and migration: Reintegration and settling in a community can be supported by assistance to family members. Many women migrate for the sake of their family. Interventions to family members can also assist the reintegration process. It is important to care for the whole family, not just the returnee. Having a supportive family is important for self-esteem and for reintegration.
• Promoting good governance and decent work in the Mediterranean through improved labour administration and social dialogue - Final Evaluation Building results frameworks into Project design is now a long established standard, to improve planning, implementation and monitoring and assessment. The ILO must build a credible results framework into future design.
• Promoting good governance and decent work in the Mediterranean through improved labour administration and social dialogue - Final Evaluation Capacity development projects must take a medium term perspective, regarding both implementation and funding. One year is often too short for interventions that aim to strengthen capacity, and involved changes to systems, procedures, behavior and attitudes. This is particularly the case when a Project also seeks to expand the political commitment of the participating government, and the other social partners in areas characterized by difficult political situations.
• Promoting good governance and decent work in the Mediterranean through improved labour administration and social dialogue - Final Evaluation Web-sites and other global products can facilitate networking and exchanges of ideas and participation. Beneficiaries would have been appreciated networking and exchanges and the technology for providing this for web-sites and global products is available.
• Promoting good governance and decent work in the Mediterranean through improved labour administration and social dialogue - Final Evaluation The national context of each participating country needs to be assessed and considered in the Projects design, to ensure expectations and resources are realistically aligned. Future Project design may be able to weight resource allocations based on assessment results.
• Projet d'appui pour la mise en oeuvre d'un programme assorti de délai (PAD) au Sénégal - Final Evaluation L'expérience du Sénégal montre que l'IPEC ne peut aller que jusqu'à un certain niveau dans la création d'un environnement propice à l'élimination du travail des enfants. L'IPEC peut fournir une assistance technique, un financement initial et renforcer les compétences techniques de certains membres de l'administration. Le gouvernement, et plus précisément le ministère du Travail, doit faire preuve de volonté politique en adoptant le PAD, créant ainsi les conditions pour que la CTE puisse faire son travail, et saisir les possibilités de mobilisation de ressources. Une plus forte appropriation de la question du travail des enfants au niveau national est nécessaire pour assurer la mise en oeuvre du PAD.
• Projet d'appui pour la mise en oeuvre d'un programme assorti de délai (PAD) au Sénégal - Final Evaluation Par le biais des programmes consécutifs, IPEC Sénégal a acquis une riche expérience dans l'action directe. Cela devrait permettre à l'équipe de l'IPEC et à ses partenaires d'élaborer des modèles d'intervention et de définir un coût optimal de dépense par enfant, en fonction de divers services fournis. Afin de promouvoir la durabilité, les projets doivent être d'une durée suffisante et les services offerts doivent créer les conditions permettant aux enfants d'étudier (certificats de naissance, cantines scolaires) et permettre aux jeunes ayant une formation de trouver du travail (formation en gestion d'entreprise, alphabétisation fonctionnelle, et mise à disposition d'équipements de mise en route).
• Projet d'appui pour la mise en oeuvre d'un programme assorti de délai (PAD) au Sénégal - Final Evaluation Les programmes d'action étaient sensibles au genre en ce sens que toutes les ONG ont réussi la parité filles / garçons lors de la recherche des bénéficiaires. Cependant, les métiers proposés dans la formation professionnelle étaient dans la plupart des cas stéréotypés (par exemple, l'apprentissage de la coiffure et de la couture pour les filles et la mécanique pour les garçons) et pas forcément adaptés au marché. La génération de revenus pour les parents était le plus souvent concentrée sur les femmes, car, plus que les hommes, elles sont généralement plus susceptibles de rembourser les prêts et investir dans l'avenir de leurs enfants. Le risque de cibler uniquement les femmes est qu'elles deviennent surchargées alors que les hommes sont mis à l'écart. On a besoin de plus d'idées novatrices pour contrebalancer les frontières entre les sexes et ré-impliquer les hommes dans l'éducation de leurs enfants.
• Sustaining competitive and responsible enterprises, SCORE Phase I - Final Evaluation SCORE Global has rightly identified module one on workplace collaboration as the cornerstone of SCORE success. It must be regularly revisited as enterprises move to other modules, as it remains the overarching element contributing to SME improvement.
• Sustaining competitive and responsible enterprises, SCORE Phase I - Final Evaluation Do not assume that because the project did achieve success in one region it will equally be successful in another region of the country. Understanding local business dynamics is a key factor in view of a possible expansion or replication. Cundinamarca is not Antioquia. The mentality, business practices and ethnicity are all different. Likewise Sichuan is different from Dalian. The lesson here is that one size does not fit all, and interventions at each country level need to be contextualised not only at the country, but also at the local level in accordance with the intervention’s geographical target.
• Sustaining competitive and responsible enterprises, SCORE Phase I - Final Evaluation National project coordinators that have not previously worked with ILO (such as in Colombia) need to receive specific training in addressing tripartite constituents as part of capacity development.
• Sustaining competitive and responsible enterprises, SCORE Phase I - Final Evaluation SCORE Global should not always require a sector analysis to initiate SCORE in a country, but consider undertaking a partnership analysis based on case study methodology in order to identify first the national SCORE champion, then the cluster/sectors and the potential qualifying SMEs in view of the poor quality of certain sector studies that led to implementation constraints and questionable choices (e.g. Ghana).
• Sustaining competitive and responsible enterprises, SCORE Phase I - Final Evaluation SCORE has the potential of being successfully integrated into larger enterprise level programmes by focusing efforts on second tier suppliers (Better Work, PPP agreements, etc.).
• Programa de país para combatir las peores formas de trabajo infantil en Panamá - Mid term Evaluation Los proyectos deben ser elaborados y consensuados con la participación efectiva de los actores claves, para que se apropien y se sientan comprometidos con los resultados del mismo. Desde este punto de vista, el Equipo Evaluador considera que se perdió una oportunidad importante para que los actores del Proyecto y la comunidad se apropiaran de él.
• Programa de país para combatir las peores formas de trabajo infantil en Panamá - Mid term Evaluation Para ejecutar un proyecto es importante contar con el poder político que le da el sostenimiento e impulsa y motiva a los demás actores en su implementación. No obstante, este poder tiene que estar suficientemente comprometido para mantener el enfoque en la responsabilidad y compromisos asumidos para garantizar la implementación apegada al documento original y la sostenibilidad del Proyecto de país. Considerando lo anterior el que la presidencia de CETIPPAT haya sido asumida por el Despacho de la Primera Dama ha resultado ventajoso porque ha ayudado a garantizar los aportes del Estado para soportar un programa nuevo para la erradicación del trabajo infantil; sin embargo, no se puede perder de vista que hay una responsabilidad con el Proyecto de país que debe ser atendida en forma alineada con los objetivos del mencionado proyecto.
• Programa de país para combatir las peores formas de trabajo infantil en Panamá - Mid term Evaluation Al diseñar un proyecto se debe tener un diagnóstico de situación que no solo indique las áreas geográficas, sino la existencia de estructuras y recursos necesarios para garantizar una buena implementación.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation Provision of transport and subsistence allowance can be strong motivating factors for trainees, especially for families of trainees, to perceive the value of the time spent by women outside their homes.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation The lack of a consistent understanding of gender equality and decent work concepts among implementing partners can lead to results which may not be aligned with decent work and gender equality principles.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation Effective use of media for sensitizing the overall population on gender equality issues should include print, radio and electronic means of communication as well as social media.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation No project is an island in itself.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation Holistic training approaches to improve livelihoods of women and disadvantaged groups can have a positive effect on the well-being of immediate families and communities as a whole.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation Limited participation of tripartite constituents in the implementation of the project hinders the sense of ownership and limits capacities to take forward the project outcomes on their own and translate policies into implementation.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation Stronger coordination mechanisms at the project level will contribute to the enhancement of project impact.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation There is a need for coordination among all components, ILO constituents, and partners under a systematic strategic and implementation plan.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation Focused partnerships with longer duration and more input support (technical, time, and financial) help achieve deeper impact compared to a broad range of partnerships with shorter duration, and limited inputs and targets.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation Effective skills training responds to labour market needs. This requires greater collaboration with employers’ and workers’ organizations.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation Good programme design involves the use of measurable quantitative and qualitative indicators, instead of opting for an easier approach of selecting one over the other.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation A holistic approach that aims at improving the livelihood of women is more effective in increasing productivity and potential earnings.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation The formulation of gender equality and non-discrimination markers is important and requires better coordination among the outcome teams and other ILO projects as well as a review of good practices from other UN agencies.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Final Evaluation User-friendly training materials customized to local realities and labour market requirements can increase utility and application of the acquired knowledge.
• Creating a protective environment for children in cocoa growing communities in Soubré, Côte d'Ivoire - Final Evaluation Le manque de coordination est inacceptable dans un projet IPEC, notamment au niveau de sa conception et du PRODOC, comme cela a été le cas dans le PPP/Mars. Dans ce projet, rien n’était prévu pour que l’équipe du projet puisse s’atteler à coordonner et à partager l’expérience avec d’autres acteurs ou organismes actifs dans la LTE. En conséquence, ils ne l’ont pas fait. Quel dommage !
• Creating a protective environment for children in cocoa growing communities in Soubré, Côte d'Ivoire - Final Evaluation L’étude de base n’est pas toujours une bonne idée. Dans un projet court aussi circonscrit (15 communautés V4C déjà identifiées) que le PPP/Mars on ne voit pas la valeur ajoutée de l’étude de base. Surtout qu’elle a demandé beaucoup de temps et elle se justifiait comme baseline pour faire une autre étude à la fin du projet, permettant de comparer les résultats. Or l’étude de base a été réalisée tard (avril 2014) et la 2ème étude prévue n’a jamais été planifié ni budgétisée.
• Creating a protective environment for children in cocoa growing communities in Soubré, Côte d'Ivoire - Final Evaluation La lutte contre le travail des enfants, nécessite une approche intégrée qui demande un savoir-faire qui ne s’improvise pas. La meilleure façon de s’attaquer à la lutte contre le travail des enfants dans un milieu rural comme celui concerné ici, dans la culture du cacao, est une approche intégrée basée sur les expériences tel qu’appliqué par le BIT-IPEC. En ce sens, l¿IPEC est sans doute le mieux placé pour être un partenaire clé de l’industrie du cacao, dans la mesure où il est, de manière unique, qualifié et expérimenté dans le domaine du travail des enfants; possède une connaissance approfondie des besoins et soutien dont les pays ont besoin ; et maintient d’excellents rapports avec les constituants de l¿OIT (ex. gouvernements, syndicats, organisations d’employeurs, et organisations de sociétés civiles).
• Creating a protective environment for children in cocoa growing communities in Soubré, Côte d'Ivoire - Final Evaluation Le projet est conçu pour une durée trop courte qui a difficulté son exécution et l’atteinte de ses objectifs. Ce constat est clair dans le PPP/Mars et les projets qui l’ont précédé. Dans le cas du PPP/Mars on a vu que, finalement l’équipe du projet n’a pu travailler sur le terrain que 9 mois avant la fin prévue du projet (28/02/15). Des processus clés tels que le renforcement des capacités, la sensibilisation, la mise en œuvre des PAC, etc. ont besoin d’une extension de temps pour être développés et consolidés.
• Promoting freedom of association and social dialogue in Myanmar - Final Evaluation Failure to mainstream gender in an application (including objectives, outputs, indicators, materials and reporting) prevents the inclusion of gender equality and anti-discrimination in the various areas that the project covers Gives the impression that the only gender concern is to reach gender parity in participant numbers ignoring the many issues facing women in society and employment A ‘gender blind’ project prevents measure from being taken to rectify gender equality and discrimination
• Youth employment and partnership in Serbia - Final Evaluation The experience of the ILO Project in Serbia has shown that well designed and targeted ALMPs attract the interest of enterprises even in a situation of contracting labour demand. On the other hand, the low rate of application to programmes has demonstrated that the many young people registered as unemployed are in fact working in the informal economy. The availability of programmes targeting low-skilled youth is allowing the NES to ¿treat¿ those who really need support in entering into the labour market, to identify informal workers and offer services geared to their formalisation, and finally, to delete from the register those young people that refuse available opportunities.
• Youth employment and partnership in Serbia - Final Evaluation The existence of an employment strategy is a necessary, but not sufficient condition to bring focus and coherence to labour market policies and programmes. Coordination among different ministries remains the most difficult area to be tackled ¿ especially so during a labour market crisis ¿ with coordination among line ministries fragmented and with too few initiatives taken in concert. Although some progress in this regard has been made during the development process of the Action Plan on Youth Employment, more assistance will be required to reinforce this practice.
• Youth employment and partnership in Serbia - Final Evaluation The provision of quality technical assistance to youth employment policy and programme development poses a number of daunting challenges. Firstly, it requires a full understanding of the economic growth dynamics and functioning of the specific labour market. Secondly, it needs to be underpinned by comprehensive knowledge on the operations of complex organisations (public administration in general, ministries and department in charge of labour and employment and Public Employment Services). Thirdly, it requires the detailed exploration of past and current public policies in very diverse areas (education, fiscal, enterprise development, social protection, poverty reduction and so on). Such work often requires that technical cooperation projects go beyond the specific outputs and activities designed in the project document to actually achieve the stated objectives. However, project resource constraints (time, expertise and funds) may limit the scope of the assistance provided. For example, in this project a good deal of work was done on improving the collection and analysis of labour market data, but the financial resources for such work had to be enhanced by tapping different and additional sources as described in this evaluation. Without such additional leveraged funds, such work would not have been possible. It is largely due to the endeavours of the CTA that this extra funding became available to the project.
• Youth employment and partnership in Serbia - Final Evaluation Policies aimed at improving youth employment prospects should be wide in scope, while programmes need to be targeted to those who are most at risk of labour market exclusion. In the past, fewer resources have been devoted to implement programmes to redress the multiple layers of disadvantage that affect many young people, such as low educational and training levels, rural residence and ethnic group. A correct diagnosis of the causes of unemployment among young people (mismatch between labour supply and demand, sluggish labour demand, low job search intensity or wage reservation mechanisms) is essential to the design and targeting of effective interventions.
• Youth employment and partnership in Serbia - Final Evaluation Strategies that combine institutional capacity strengthening with demonstration programmes directed at the creation of more and better opportunities for youth would seem to be more effective in responding to the needs of disadvantaged youth. This is because Labour market institutions often require support to deliver innovative targeting of and provision for the disadvantaged youth cohort.
• Youth employment and partnership in Serbia - Final Evaluation The participatory approach and constant involvement of the project stakeholders, partner institutions and other organisations directly associated with the project and the subsequent extensive dialogue established amongst them by the project, yielded results in terms of visibility, leverage and impact. In addition, the use of coaching techniques as part of capacity building activities has proven particularly effective when piloting alternative employment service and programme delivery systems.
• Youth employment and partnership in Serbia - Final Evaluation Technical cooperation can provide a framework for piloting innovative approaches, methodologies and tools that can be up-scaled and replicated in other contexts through ILO regular programmes. The fact that the Project used the Regular Budget Supplementary Allocation instrument of the ILO as an additional and joint resource to implement activities, is considered to be instrumental in the success of the Project. This included capacity building on the collection and analysis of labour market data; assistance to improve the functions of Local Employment Councils; advisory services for the functional re-organisation of the Employment Department.
• Youth employment and partnership in Serbia - Final Evaluation The strategy to source co-financing and in-kind contribution to leverage the funds available to the project is an approach that could be mainstreamed in most technical cooperation projects. Despite the considerable time investment that such practice entails, it does pay off in terms of quantity and quality of outputs, stakeholders¿ and beneficiaries¿ satisfaction as well as response capacity of the project to emerging needs. It also serves as a capacity building tool for national partners in fund raising and management of project design, monitoring and evaluation.
• Youth employment and partnership in Serbia - Final Evaluation As set out in the project progress reports, the ILO's work on youth employment programmes with targeted branch offices is contributing to the decentralisation of employment services' functions, the mainstreaming of the management by objectives approach, the logical sequencing of services for jobseekers and the tailoring of employment interventions to the needs of individuals entering or re-entering the labour market. Alongside this, the technical assistance provided to the Employment Department of the Ministry of Economy on the design of evidence-based employment and youth employment policies is contributing to the strengthening of the labour market governance system. The results of the technical assistance provided by the Project is reflected in the 2010 National Employment Action Plan (NEAP), the new Employment Strategy 2011-2020 currently being drafted by the Ministry of Economy and Regional Development, and in the draft Human Resource Operational Plan to be financed by the EU Instrument of Pre-Accession (IPA). The resources required to achieve the youth employment policy targets set by the Government in these planning documents are extensive and require the solidarity and resource support of the ILO, EU and other Donor organisations.
• Women's employment concerns and working conditions (WEC-PK) - Final Evaluation The project objectives focuses on the enhanced capacities of both MOL and MOWD, however under the current project, there is a gap in partnership levels between both ministries. Though, MOWD has contributed to the project within its own mandate under informal partnership, project has always played a pro active role in involving the Ministry in the project. There is an opportunity to tap the potential of MOWD in a more effective manner and bring them into closer collaboration.
• Women's employment concerns and working conditions (WEC-PK) - Final Evaluation Stronger coordination mechanisms at the project level will contribute to the enhancement of project impact. The project has made efforts to bring partners together and share information on various components. The Project has organized two conferences (Lahore and Karachi) and has a mechanism (NSC meetings) to provide IPs with a platform to share project progress and lessons learnt. The project publications are widely disseminated with all IPs. However, these efforts have been carried out in fragmentation and only selected groups among partners were involved in the information sharing forums. Since the effort lacked strategic and operational links, they could not generate effective results. There is need for bringing coordination among all components, ILO constituents and partners under a systematic strategic and implementation plan. All the concerned stakeholders need to be placed in their relevant role and allocate them responsibilities that will complement and supplement each other. However at the same time, IPs also need to take proactive role in sharing information and taking lead in developing cohesion and linkages within their own component and with partners from other components.
• Women's employment concerns and working conditions (WEC-PK) - Final Evaluation Strengthened women unions and networks provide women with strong foundations to further improve their roles in trade unions and PWF.
• Women's employment concerns and working conditions (WEC-PK) - Final Evaluation Market and demand based trainings in skills ensure better employment opportunities in formal sector contributing to the project objectives. Moreover, employment opportunities in regular industrys such as the garment sector or any other may provided the project with the opportunity look deep into the implementation of International Labour Standards and gender policy i.e. if they are members of EFP endorsing Gender equality policy.
• Women's employment concerns and working conditions (WEC-PK) - Final Evaluation Consultative process and sensitization of stakeholders adopted under the project has shown good results and informs of positive responses to women¿s employment concerns, formulation of gender policy and its quick adoption by large number of stakeholders including private sector and units of workers federation. Nevertheless, there is need for further efforts to bring more stakeholders on board for greater impact.
• Women's employment concerns and working conditions (WEC-PK) - Final Evaluation The project involved diverse partners under component 2 to pilot varied skills programme to learn about models that work better. The main lesson learnt for the project in this regard is that focused partnerships with longer duration and more input support (technical, time and financial) will help achieve deeper impact compared to broad range of partnerships with shorter duration, limited inputs and targets.
• Women's employment concerns and working conditions (WEC-PK) - Final Evaluation Adoption of gender policy should remain as a voluntary process and legal binding and strict monitoring may create resistances. Therefore there should be continued effort for implementation of gender policy through advocacy based on the argument of better economic returns (increased efficiency and effectiveness).
• Women's employment concerns and working conditions (WEC-PK) - Final Evaluation The project has made a lot of efforts to build institutional capacity of MoL and in developing ownership for the project objectives within the ministry. However, as the staff gets transferred and replaced, the capacity gap emerges again. Though resource materials have been made available to the Ministry and a Gender Wing has been established, there are still implementation level gaps in capacities to take forward the project objectives on their own and translate policies into implementation. There is greater reliance in MOL on ILO for taking forward the project objectives.
• Gender equality at the heart of decent work - Final Evaluation Scheduling and time lines were big issues as the campaign proceeded and that became most visible at the end of the production line. Extra lead times built into the schedule could have avoided much of the problem - "Start earlier" as one of the interviewees involved in producing a brochure said. Aiming to produce brochures well in advance of the corresponding theme month; allowing time for units to prepare for and work on the drafting of brochures; a fixed monthly date for delivery to the graphic designers and, then, to the printers, could have helped substantially. The team was not able to give a fixed date for delivery of materials to the designer and printer - partly because negotiations and continuing changes to the final materials. VNRs were produced in weeks rather than the months they usually took and, while this generated new products for DCOMM, it also put an additional burden on their audio-visual staff - especially since one key DCOMM official was on maternity leave.
• Gender equality at the heart of decent work - Final Evaluation The rigid "firewall" installed by PRODOC between the campaign team and the outside printer Gonnet hindered the delivery of printed materials. Both parties had to guess the needs of the other and there was a total absence of direct communication, which could for instance (with hindsight) have led to the delivery of some of the materials whilst waiting for others. Confidence broke down and in late April 2009 the campaign team switched printing to a second printer to ensure (successfully) that the final two themes would be ready for the ILC 2009. The team found a second printer through the design/layout company Paprika. It was a departure from normal procedures but PRODOC was informed in advance and given the reasons. The campaign team did have direct contact with Paprika and - although there were still issues of late changes to materials - the relationship was smoother and more successful.
• Gender equality at the heart of decent work - Final Evaluation The issue of lack of time that recurred during the campaign was inextricably linked to resources and, particularly, the size of the campaign team. At least one extra person would have helped the GENDER campaign team in Geneva, for example, to cope with the rapid and rhythmic succession of deadlines. It could also have allowed greater work demarcation.
• Gender equality at the heart of decent work - Final Evaluation The campaign also highlighted the importance in a global campaign of developing materials in a wide range of languages. The interviews revealed a high priority from field staff for materials in local languages and some support in Geneva for a more strategic approach to languages. Some of the brochures were considered too big to translate with internal resources. Some were able to use other funds while, in Portugal, Ministries helped fund many of the translations in a joint effort that involved the ILO¿s Lisbon and Brasilia offices. All the brochures are now translated into Arabic and Turkish but few so far have made it into Russian for example and major languages like Mandarin, Hindi and Bahasa need to be tackled. The campaign did fund some translations when requested - like Tamil and Sinhalese in Sri Lanka. Other languages translated in the field include Amharic and Swahili. The field was invited and encouraged to ask for translation moneys but there was no over-arching language plan beyond the three official languages (it was "hit and miss" is how one interviewee put it).
• Gender equality at the heart of decent work - Final Evaluation The "Gender Equality at the Heart of Decent Work" campaign highlights issues of partnership and joint ownership of materials between units and the extra time that has to be built into schedules to accommodate this process. Popularizing a technical issue for an outreach campaign - that the Gender campaign was always meant to be - can be a complex task that requires recognition for both technical expertise and the advantages of building a new, broader audience. Integrating skills, co-ownership and involvement requires time - the transaction costs are high. There has to be a process of negotiation and recognition of expertise. There is much evidence in the logs that the team did go to great lengths to consult and involve but this did not always work - as was evident in the impasse over the maternity protection brochure and in some of the responses in the interviews.
• Promoting decent work through good governance, protection and empowerment of workers: Ensuring the effective implementation of the Sri Lanka National Labour Migration Policy - Mid-term Evaluation The ten-year timeframe of the SDC Programme on labour migration with the Government of Sri Lanka implemented by the ILO is important to be able to work on long-term policy changes and the implementation thereof.
• Promoting decent work through good governance, protection and empowerment of workers: Ensuring the effective implementation of the Sri Lanka National Labour Migration Policy - Mid-term Evaluation The numbers of outputs and activities identified in the Project Document (PRODOC) must be proportional to the input of project staff in order to able to efficiently and effectively undertake project implementation.
• Promoting decent work through good governance, protection and empowerment of workers: Ensuring the effective implementation of the Sri Lanka National Labour Migration Policy - Mid-term Evaluation The experience in the SDC LM project with the subcontract from ILO to IOM has generated a few lessons learned in terms of cooperation as well as monitoring and supervising issues.
• Promoviendo el diálogo social y fortaleciendo las instituciones tripartitas en América Central y República Dominicana - Mid Term Evaluation La estrategia subregional de un proyecto debe ser sensible a las diferencias nacionales. Se deben reconocer estas diferencias desde el diseño del proyecto y plantear una diferenciación clara, con objetivos y estrategias particulares para cada país.
• Promoviendo el diálogo social y fortaleciendo las instituciones tripartitas en América Central y República Dominicana - Mid Term Evaluation Las sinergias con los Especialistas de la OIT clave para los avances. En particular, un elemento facilitador coordinación con ACTEMP y ACTRAV ha sido el que el proyecto cuente con oficiales específicos para relación con empleadores y con trabajadores.
• Promoviendo el diálogo social y fortaleciendo las instituciones tripartitas en América Central y República Dominicana - Mid Term Evaluation El fortalecimiento de capacidades debe estar vinculado a procesos específicos de diálogo social. El proyecto ha logrado avances más sustantivos cuando la asistencia técnica y la capacitación ha estado ligada a procesos concretos de diálogo social.
• Promoviendo el diálogo social y fortaleciendo las instituciones tripartitas en América Central y República Dominicana - Mid Term Evaluation La unificación sindical como estrategia de fortalecimiento de capacidades. En medios donde la fragmentación sindical es alta es muy efectivo incorporar medidas de apoyo a la unificación sindical, lo cual tiene un efecto de círculo virtuoso en el que la unificación facilita el desarrollo de una estrategia de asistencia técnica al conjunto de las organizaciones de trabajadores, que a su vez genera una mayor demanda de fortalecimiento en diálogo social.
• Improving labour law compliance and building sound labour practices in the export oriented shrimp sector in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation An important lesson learned of the ILO Shrimp project is the need to enhance capacities of regulatory bodies to better enforce labor laws and up-gradate and reorganization of the Government institutions (DoL, MoLE departments) to meet the contemporary demand of the industry. Therefore, technical assistance offered in the field of social development requires long-term interventions and need to be embedded in the vision of change for the industry
• Increasing employability of young women and men in CIS through establishment of sub-regional training network - Final RBSA Evaluation The Resource Platform and E-learning Campus couldn¿t be managed by the users only. They need to be managed regularly, by the person or persons who are responsible for the renewing the content, fixing bugs, solving problems and providing prompt feedback. According to the project experience, it¿s necessary to provide users with complex technical support and an efficient feedback for an effective education.
• Increasing employability of young women and men in CIS through establishment of sub-regional training network - Final RBSA Evaluation Another lesson is that using of the Web-resources (Platform and Campus) required an appropriate level of computer skills and availability of Internet access. In accordance with these criteria, not totally all ILO trainers may become tutors, so more rigorous selection might be required. Moreover, even those who have experience and skills have met difficulties while using the Webresources. What may improve the project¿s work is publishing more detailed instructions on how to use the web-sites, providing an efficient support from the sites¿ administrators and improving the technical support of the Platform and Campus (e.g., remove bugs and make the system easier to use).
• Increasing employability of young women and men in CIS through establishment of sub-regional training network - Final RBSA Evaluation The project is both virtual resources (the Platform and Campus) prove to be in high demand among their users (trainers, tutors and facilitators). The virtual platforms are extremely important and useful for the trainers, who are using the ILO programs in their work, and for the partners from the ministries and agencies, who are interested in the promotion of modular training in their countries. In spite of the fact, that not all of the trainers could acquire the skills to become tutors, those who managed to master the program demonstrate keen interest and motivation to use these virtual resources in the future. These distance learning instruments can become an easily-accessible and effective system of education, recommended for implementation at the level of country development programs.
• Promocion del empleo juvenil en América Latina (MTAS) PREJAL - Final Evaluation d) Las reuniones y mecanismos del de Comité de Seguimiento del proyecto precisan de una mayor operatividad y fluidez de información suficiente y adecuada. El aporte de documentación de manera anticipada para conocer la realidad (financiera y de avance) del proyecto hubiera permitido propiciar una mejor respuesta a las inquietudes de los donantes y a la resolución de los conflictos.
• Promocion del empleo juvenil en América Latina (MTAS) PREJAL - Final Evaluation e) La figura del asistente financiero del proyecto (apoyo técnico y continuidad) es fundamental para garantizar la utilidad y transparencia de la información financiera del proyecto y facilitarla a los donantes y resto de actores de cada proyecto.
• Promocion del empleo juvenil en América Latina (MTAS) PREJAL - Final Evaluation c) La presencia de recursos humanos continuados y permanentes es un medio de sostenibilidad a corto plazo (elaboración de políticas y sensibilización de los mandantes), a medio plazo (implementación de las políticas) y a largo plazo (capacidad nacional endógena de suscitar nuevas preocupaciones y desarrollo de nuevas políticas cada vez más avanzadas sobre el tema del empleo juvenil).
• Promocion del empleo juvenil en América Latina (MTAS) PREJAL - Final Evaluation f) La evolución de PREJAL muestra la importancia de incorporar a la sociedad civil en los proyectos, más allá de los mandantes tradicionales de la OIT, de cara a conseguir una sensibilización amplia de la sociedad y avanzar en el logro de resultados.
• Promocion del empleo juvenil en América Latina (MTAS) PREJAL - Final Evaluation g) El caso de Brasil permite visualizar como caso de éxito la transversalidad del empleo juvenil gracias a la implicación de la Secretaría Nacional de Juventud. Esto muestra que el enfoque de PREJAL debe ser más amplio e integrador para conseguir resultados más eficaces y eficientes, en particular en los rangos de edad de los beneficiarios a los que se dirige PREJAL.
• Promocion del empleo juvenil en América Latina (MTAS) PREJAL - Final Evaluation h) Una de las debilidades iniciales del proyecto, la falta de una base documental y de información suficientes, ha permitido aprender la necesidad de realizar un estudio preliminar de la situación a abordar, así como de los posibles enfoques o escenarios a implantar.
• Promocion del empleo juvenil en América Latina (MTAS) PREJAL - Final Evaluation i) Los resultados positivos del objetivo 3 no bastan por sí solos para fomentar el trabajo decente entre los jóvenes. Estos necesitan de una fuerte interrelación con el resto de objetivos y acciones de acompañamiento y sensibilización de la OIT. Los resultados de inserción sólo son puestos en valor realmente cuando son asumidos como propios por el proyecto y presentados de esa manera.
• Promocion del empleo juvenil en América Latina (MTAS) PREJAL - Final Evaluation a) Una enseñanza principal de PREJAL consiste en recalcar la necesidad de una verdadera interactuación entre todos los actores del proyecto, independientemente de su naturaleza jurídica. Para obtener un resultado que es común y buscado por todas las partes interesadas. Las experiencias de formación necesitan un mayor engarce con el resto de actividades del proyecto de manera que no queden como actuaciones aisladas sin continuidad. Al mismo tiempo, la falta de integración con planes o programas nacionales motiva un cierto desinterés y desconocimiento de las mismas por parte de los mandantes nacionales.
• Promocion del empleo juvenil en América Latina (MTAS) PREJAL - Final Evaluation l) Junto con la capacitación realizada, que representa lo fundamental de la experiencia del objetivo 3, se ha podido aprender que la tipología de empresas que la han realizado (empresas multinacionales con prestigio internacional) ha sido clave a la hora de valorización de la formación recibida por parte de los beneficiarios y del resto de empresas del mercado laboral.
• Skills for employment and productivity in Bangladesh - Midterm Evaluation B-SEP’s orderly steps in institutionalizing Apprenticeship programme with the Private Sector entities through dialogues, and demonstration of potential results can bring dividends to both the employers and employees. Most important is that the Apprenticeship programme, if properly structured can result in higher productivity, employability of quality personnel and generate interest on skills and TVET in the communities.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Final Evaluation Opening up of access to communities that have hitherto been isolated is a major factor in improvement of livelihood. When it happens in an area characterised by a focus on cash crops the potential of a rapid increase in farm gate prices is high.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Final Evaluation The experience with community contracting has been positive and has proven more effective than private contracting. The reasons are evident: private contractor capacity is low and the environment is difficult both in terms of natural conditions and culture. Under similar condition, i.e. difficult access and relative isolation, community contracting is a potential solution. However, it must be borne in mind that a strong supervision is required.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Final Evaluation The RACBP is financed by a consortium of donors, which have provided finance for a large number of projects. In connection with the last extension, the process of preparing the extension and negotiating it had been a costly experience for the ILO. The negotiations were lengthy, partly because the financing came from savings on other projects. The ILO should draw lessons from this experience and possibly consider drawing up a plan of action in such cases; a plan which may be discussed with the donors before engaging in expensive preparations.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Final Evaluation Women have demonstrated their interest and ability to work on the road works. The inclusion of women in the rehabilitation and maintenance needs promotion from Government and development partners over a longer period. The minimum participation of women in routine maintenance should be 50% since this type of work generally takes place near the home.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Final Evaluation RABCP was planned and designed together with the Nias-LEDP. LEDP had a slow start and, as most projects based on a value-chain approach, it took time in identifying farmer groups and in developing support. Considering the cost involved in infrastructure development, and that public infrastructure in general is aimed to benefit not minor groups but the population at large, with the benefits of access being enjoyed by a larger population, it may be wiser to let the LEDP type of projects come after infrastructure projects.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Final Evaluation New road, trail and bridge technology is of interest to engineering institutes in Indonesia, which are interested in developing their curricula. This will most likely be the case also in other countries where new technology is being introduced through ILO projects and it would be a good idea to integrate collaboration with engineering colleges into the design of such projects.
• Skills development to support employment generation in Iraq - Mid Term Evaluation More attention needs to be paid to projects at the design and inception phase to ensure that M&E plans are in order. Work plans and monitoring plans are standard parts of project design and operation and should be part of the prerequisite documentation at the inception phase of any project. The baseline, indicators and monitoring plan will determine the "evaluability"of the project for the duration of its activities, therefore taking the time to make sure that the adequate indicators have been established to evaluate project achievement is vital for an accurate tracking of progress.
• Skills development to support employment generation in Iraq - Mid Term Evaluation The combination of ILO and UNOPS in SDE-Iraq unites the technical strengths of the former with the logistical capacities of the latter. This unit can provide a useful model for UN component organisations seeking to operate more efficiently, cost effectively, and in ways relevant to international hopes and concerns.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in the Maldives - Final Evaluation Assumptions regarding activities, results, and outcomes must be carefully reviewed or even tested before a project is approved.
  When designing any type of project, we are usually making assumptions regarding factors external to the project. "All things equal", our project will achieve its objectives. Most of us have become very capable of spelling out assumptions, but we may need to do more in order to review and test them before we approve a project. We also need to monitor them as much during implementation as we are monitoring our activities.
  Untested assumptions constitute a flaw in project design which is to be avoided. Where a project is approved despite dependence on important assumptions, these need to be monitored and strategies need to be drawn up early how to continue "if the wind changes".
  
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in the Maldives - Final Evaluation When attempting to introduce major changes in socio-political and legal systems, do not forget about the time factor. A project time frame of 3-4 years (often resulting from medium-term expenditure planning) is usually insufficient to change systems even in a friendly environment. It is not unusual for major institutional changes to take at least 7-10 years.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in the Maldives - Final Evaluation For all ILO projects, effectiveness of management arrangements can be significantly enhanced by verifying the concrete availability of specialists to directly contribute to projects during the project planning stage, and obtaining commitments for participation prior to the launch of the project. This will ensure that funding for external collaborators is available to take on tasks that cannot be delivered by the specialists.
• Skills for employment and productivity in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The Lesson Learned is that the project structure with four components leads to stand-alone sub-projects and loss of oversight in the B-SEP Project funded by Global Affairs Canada (GAC). The staff within each component are pre-occupied with their own activities and lose sight of possible exchange and/or cooperation with other components.
• Skills for employment and productivity in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The Lesson Learned is that, while much progress made in the past five years make a positive story of the government’s commitment to skills reform, inordinate delays in providing adequate staff in BTEB and in TVET institutes and slow progress on various legislations and on providing dedicated budgets for certain activities, create challenges for skills reform in gaining momentum. Therefore, patience is required but also the long-term horizon of interventions.
• Skills for employment and productivity in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The Lesson Learned is that contrary to the government’s and the employers’ positive response to disability inclusion, it is challenging to create enthusiasm among them to take concrete steps towards strengthening gender mainstreaming in the TVET system as well as in the workplace. It needs very serious attention for coordination of Development Partners in developing a joint strategy to engender the skills system and the labour market.
• Gender Equality in the World of Work in the Ukraine - Final Evaluation New country-based projects need time to prepare for implementation, normally 4-6 months before they can be fully operational and therefore adequate timelines and sufficient duration are needed. In the case of this project, preparations on the ground took even longer time (stakeholders' analysis, determination of functions, possible roles, developing a logframe). This was partly because not sufficient preparatory work had been done at the time of recruiting the experts - valuable time that should have been devoted to various kinds of capacity building activities.
• Gender Equality in the World of Work in the Ukraine - Final Evaluation Awareness-raising, communication, information dissemination and visibility actions represent the core activities in gender-related projects. Such activities require adequate staffing provisions and solutions.
• BASIC Project: Gender equality in the world of work in Angola, Brazil, China, India and South Africa - Final Evaluation While one lesson from the BASIC Project, reflected in the recommendations, is that structuring a project around a very tight time schedule creates practical difficulties for project development and implementation, the creative ways in which the BASIC project has dealt with this challenge generates a positive lesson. This lesson is that, partly in response to this timing issue, the BASIC Project built its work largely on existing activities in the countries in which it was practical to do so (i.e. those with established ILO work on gender equality). This is in contrast of the tendency for many donor funded development initiatives to attempt to start 'from scratch' in order to carve out a unique intervention which can be attributed solely to a specific funding vehicle. In contrast the BASIC project fed into well established activities, relationships and structured in project countries. This made an important contribution in terms of ensuring that ILO activities on gender equality funded through previous were sustained. It also had the advantage of building on past work to make sure that activities carried out through BASIC were relevant, and meant that they could be rapidly implemented by drawing on preparatory work which had already been undertaken. Finally, linking BASIC into established activities is likely to support the on-going sustainability of BASIC interventions by making them part of a bigger set of processes with on-going support and involvement from ILO constituents. It is worth noting that, although this lesson stems (in part) from responses to the tight schedule, they could nonetheless also apply to projects which do not face the kind of schedule that the BASIC Project did.
• BASIC Project: Gender equality in the world of work in Angola, Brazil, China, India and South Africa - Final Evaluation Finally a lesson can also be derived from the BASIC Project on approaches to South-South collaboration. The networking and cooperation activities which were initiated between Brazil and Angola through BASIC, and which it is planned will be further developed through Phase 2 of BASIC, and through new projects developed on the basis of the BASIC experience, show that South-South collaboration can be fruitful even between countries with very different contexts and levels of experience in working on gender and decent work. The outcomes of the collaboration between Angola and Brazil were very positively evaluated by those involved from both countries, and the fact that this is a partnership between a country which did not yet have a DWCP, and another with a long established DWCP and a strong institutional base on equal opportunities, does not appear to have been an impediment to mutual learning and solidarity between gender and decent work advocates in the two countries. This sheds light on the value of this kind of collaborative approach even where specific activities and structures might not be transferable due to contextual differences.
• BASIC Project: Gender equality in the world of work in Angola, Brazil, China, India and South Africa - Final Evaluation Another important lesson from the project is the value of undertaking specific actions on gender equality as a part of ILO work at the country level. It is critical to mainstream a focus on gender equality into the full range of interventions undertaken by the ILO, as is the intention of the current ILO Programme and Budget (2010-2011), to ensure that a gender perspective is brought to all sectoral areas of intervention. However, specific actions on gender equality can both support this mainstreaming strategy and mean that actions to promote gender equality are able to progress still further. The BASIC project represents a good example of this type of specific action on gender, in that it created the space (and budget) for a dedicated team working on specified activities on gender equality, it allowed for additional funding and support to constituents and experts working on gender issues in each country, and created the space for dedicated capacity building activities focused on gender equality. This means that the BASIC countries were able to go much further in promoting gender equality in decent work than they would have been purely through attempting to mainstream a focus on gender into their other country activities. This underlines the importance of the ILO continuing to seek out and employ specific actions on gender equality like the BASIC Project.
• Sustainable elimination of child bonded labour in Nepal (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation Action Programmes on legislative reform: As legislative reform activities are not dependent on field-level start-up activities such as baseline studies, they can be scheduled to start early on in a project. This will increase the likelihood of success and if completed quickly are likely to provide an improved legislative environment for the remainder of project implementation.
• Sustainable elimination of child bonded labour in Nepal (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation Realistic preparation period for projects: A realistic estimate for the time required to start field implementation for a child labour project in Nepal is at least 12 months. This allows for the time taken to obtain approval from the government and to prepare and obtain approval for APs. If this is included in the project timeline then it is less likely that this time is not taken out of the time planned for implementation.
• Sustainable elimination of child bonded labour in Nepal (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation Competitive selection process for IPs: Selection of the IPs through a competitive selection process probably took about four months longer in comparison with direct negotiation with selected organisations. The main advantages were the transparency of the process and the selection of effective partners that were new to ILO/IPEC. The main disadvantages were the time taken and the loss of partners who were familiar with ILO/IPEC objectives and processes. (see section 2.4.2 of the main report).
• Sustainable elimination of child bonded labour in Nepal (Phase II) - Mid Term Evaluation Preparation of the baseline/intake inform-ation by the selected APs: There are clear benefits from using the education implementing partners to collect the baseline and intake information rather than carrying it out as a separate exercise. However, this is likely to result in a delay in the implementation of field activities of about five months. If the baseline information is collected by the education IPs as part of their AP, then this is likely to delay the finalization of other APs that are dependent on the survey findings. (see section 2.4.2 of the main report).
• Promoting the Elimination of Bonded Labour in Pakistan (PEBLIP) - Final Evaluation The project has set a good example by addressing the key challenges around the knowledge and capacity gaps at different levels.
• Promoting the Elimination of Bonded Labour in Pakistan (PEBLIP) - Final Evaluation The project experience indicated that while it is important to focus the overall policy level for long term impact, it is equally important to strengthen implementation mechanism at the local level for translating policy in to action
• Promoting the Elimination of Bonded Labour in Pakistan (PEBLIP) - Final Evaluation The project builds a case for exploring new partnerships especially with media, parliamentarians and religious scholars with a view to extend outreach, widen ownership and mobilize public opinion on the issue.
• Promoting the Elimination of Bonded Labour in Pakistan (PEBLIP) - Final Evaluation The project has provided an example to view various interventions through the lens of DWCP and seek resonance of project outcomes with the larger DWCP goals
• Promoting the Elimination of Bonded Labour in Pakistan (PEBLIP) - Final Evaluation The project experience also reveals the potential to leverage other interventions under the One UN Program for synergizing efforts and 'delivering as one'.
• Promoting the Elimination of Bonded Labour in Pakistan (PEBLIP) - Final Evaluation The project has provided a good model for replication in terms of building on existing platforms, partnerships and past work.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation Un aprendizaje importante es la constatación de la validez y pertinencia del enfoque tripartito promovido por OIT-IPEC en tanto permite lograr mayor apropiación y sostenibilidad, corresponsabilidad y es garante del enfoque de derechos.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation En problemáticas tan complejas y difíciles de identificar como la del trabajo infantil doméstico, ESCI y/o vinculación al conflicto armado, es apropiado no partir de un perfil de riesgo de los niños y niñas, sino de condiciones y características del contexto que generan situaciones de riesgo y vulnerabilidad. Esto facilita la identificación de zonas en donde la problemática puede presentarse y la focalización de acciones integrales no sólo para resolver los problemas (desvinculación) sino, sobretodo en un enfoque de prevención. Es un elemento clave que hace más pertinente e integral la atención a esta problemática.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation Reconocer la problemática ESCI en niños infractores, permite identificarla como causa desencadenante del ciclo de infracción (la explotación genera otra infracción) y por lo tanto permite una atención más integral y focalizada que daría mayores garantías de no reincidencia en la infracción.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation La sostenibilidad de los procesos de formulación y aplicación de política pública en temas complejos que no son claramente de interés del gobierno, pasa por la sensibilización y vinculación de la sociedad civil, especialmente organizada. Esto permitirá un mayor control social y, sobretodo, superar las dificultades ocasionadas por la rotación de los funcionarios públicos resonsables de la ejecución de la polítca.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation Aunque en los comités interinstitucionales es importante la participación en representación de una institución, la práctica ha evidenciado la necesidad del compromiso personal (el comité ha funcionado porque hay dolientes personales más que institucionales). Igualmente se evidenció la necesidad de sensibilizar y compromoter las instancias directivas de las instituciones para garantizar la continuidad y el aporte institucional.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation La aplicación de metodologías participativas, facilita involucrar realmente en el diseño de las acciones a los actores pertinentes, entre ellos a los niños, niñas y jóvenes y generan dinámicas locales valiosas que permiten asegurar la sostenibilidad de las acciones. Igualmente, enfatizar el desarrollo personal es clave para facilitar la apropiación y generar procesos de cambio sostenibles.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation La unificación de la información estadística sobre los programas y proyectos de atención evitará la concentración de actividades en unos pocos niños, la duplicidad de acciones y permitirá mayor cobertura y racionalización de recursos.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation La contratación de personal de fuera de las regiones que conoce las metodologías y modelos de intervención que se aplican, si bien garantiza la realización de las actividades en cortos períodos de tiempo no garantiza la generación de capacidad instalada local, a menos que se prevean recursos y mecanismos para la formación de los equipos técnicos locales y la transferencia de conocimientos y metodologías.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation Partir de investigación y/o sistematización de proyectos anteriores y hacerlo en forma participativa, intersectorial e interinstitucional, permite la capitalización de saberes y aprendizajes. El enfoque de fortalecimiento de las acciones desarrolladas por las instituciones y organizaciones, facilita capitalizar aprendizajes anteriores.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation La implementación de acciones para la erradicación de PFTI de difícil detección (como ESCI y TID) puede requerir la identificación de estrategias alternativas de entrada para la identificación de los/as niños/as con esas problemáticas. Por ejemplo, el trabajo con mujeres que ejercen la prostitución como estrategia de entrada para la el trabajo con niñas/os en ESCI.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation El componente de uso del tiempo libre como parte del modelo de intervención aplicado demostró ser un mecanismo indispensable para la erradicación del trabajo infantil y especialmente, un mecanismo que facilita llegar a niños/as desescolarizados.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation La prevención del TI especialmente de sus peores formas requiere un abordaje integral, que permita combatir sus causas que, en la mayoría de los casos son comunes para las distintas PFTI. En este sentido, si se tiene un enfoque integral, la priorización de alguna de las PFTI facilita la elaboración de Planes y Proyectos asegurando, al mismo tiempo, que se podrán prevenir otras formas de TI.
• Contribución a la consolidación de la Política Nacional para la prevención y eliminación del trabajo infantil en Colombia - Final Evaluation Una herramienta efectiva para incidir de manera permanente en el cambio de patrones culturales es acompañar las campañas de sensibilización y/o visibilización del tema a través de los medios masivos de comunicación, con lineamientos e indicaciones claras para el manejo apropiado de la información referente a la problemática que se esté trabajando.
• Technical assistance for capacity building support to the Ghana Social Opportunities Project (GSOP) - Final evaluation Ghana Social Opportunities Project (GSOP) as a social protection project using a multi-sector LIPW approach shows adequate substance to generate a national labour-intensive police framework that receives political and public ownership. The GSOP with its operations in 49 districts has sufficient size to demonstrate the potential impact of such a policy on the ground. In this respect effective training is a major contributor to ensuring good and visible results. As demonstrated by this project, a multi-sector Labout-intensive Public Works (LIPW) approach can achieve sufficient impact to trigger a national support policy framework.
• Technical assistance for capacity building support to the Ghana Social Opportunities Project (GSOP) - Final evaluation Although GSOP is conceived as a cash transfer project contributing to overcome extreme poverty within the project period, good quality infrastructure in the long term is an even more important factor to enhance the livelihood of the concerned communities. In this respect effective training is fundamental not only for construction works but more so for maintenance. The evaluation has clearly demonstrated that only planned and well-prepared training can achieve the desired training effects. This needs to be done by a sufficient number of professional Trainers. Training is the major capacity building factor that requires adequate time and resources and thus planning of large-scale projects like the GSOP needs to take this sufficiently into consideration.
• Technical assistance for capacity building support to the Ghana Social Opportunities Project (GSOP) - Final evaluation The training programme significantly supports the GSOP in terms of enabling cash transfer through meaningful employment creation and construction of rural infrastructure. · The new Guidelines for Practitioners for roads, dams and climate change are comprehensive and will be very useful for a replication of the project/approach. As such they are also important instruments for the operationalization of the LIPW Policy Framework.
• YES-JUMP: Youth employment support jobs for the unemployed and marginalised young people in Kenya and Zimbabwe - Final Evaluation Creating youth employment through a tri-partite framework involving government, employers’ and workers’ organisations, and the private sector and working through existing local government structures at district level is highly effective and creates a strong basis for national ownership and long-term sustainability of a project.
• YES-JUMP: Youth employment support jobs for the unemployed and marginalised young people in Kenya and Zimbabwe - Final Evaluation The three models piloted (SACCO, NGO and Private Sector) are all effective in supporting creation of youth employment though the SACCO model is more empowering in that it is membership driven and therefore the youth have more direct control of the revolving fund unlike the other two models where private investors and the NGO management control the revolving funds making youth access to these funds uncertain upon official termination of a project.
• YES-JUMP: Youth employment support jobs for the unemployed and marginalised young people in Kenya and Zimbabwe - Final Evaluation Despite existing socio-cultural and political barriers against entry of young women into entrepreneurship, it is possible to enhance their participation and ensure gender balance through deliberate policies and measures that are aimed at encouraging grantees to make gender sensitive decisions and actions when delivering services to the targeted population groups.
• YES-JUMP: Youth employment support jobs for the unemployed and marginalised young people in Kenya and Zimbabwe - Final Evaluation For starter SMEs, facilitating market access is a very important intervention and should always be assessed and where deemed necessary (as will often be the case) explicitly incorporated in the project performance monitoring and evaluation systems (i.e. outcome and output and impact levels).
• Enhancing labour inspection effectiveness (European and Arab States Component) - Final Evaluation The national context of each participating country needs to be assessed and considered in the project design, to ensure expectations and resources are realistically aligned. In the case of the original group, those countries seeking EU accession had more favourable political conditions. Future project design may be able to weigh resource allocations based on assessment results, to support countries where the context is more challenging or the needs are greater.
• Enhancing labour inspection effectiveness (European and Arab States Component) - Final Evaluation Building results-frameworks into project design is now a long established standard, to improve planning, implementation and monitoring and assessment. The ILO must build a credible results framework into the future design.
• Enhancing labour inspection effectiveness (European and Arab States Component) - Final Evaluation Web sites and other global products can facilitate networking and exchanges of ideas and participation. Beneficiaries appreciate networking and exchanges and the technology for providing this for web sites and global products is available.
• Enhancing labour inspection effectiveness (European and Arab States Component) - Final Evaluation Capacity development projects must take a medium term perspective, regarding both implementation and funding. One year is often too short for interventions that aim to strengthen capacity and involve changes to systems, procedures, behaviour and attitudes. This is particularly the case when a project also seeks to expand the political commitment of the participating government and the other social partners.
• Promoting decent work across borders: A pilot project for migrant health professionals and skilled workers - Midterm Evaluation The main concerns highlighted by the mid-term evaluation related to the design of the project. For future projects a number of important lessons relating to the design can be taken from the experience of the DWAB project: a) Consultation exercises should be undertaken with all stakeholders, both during the design of the project and during the inception phase; b) It is important that the research design includes an inception phase to ensure that all stakeholders are brought on board and any concerns resolved at the outset of the project; c) exit strategy should be developed to enhance ownership, and thus the sustainability, of activities; and d) Human resource costs for all project countries in which activities are planned should be accounted for in the project design.
• Programa regional para la promoción del dialogo social y la cohesión social en America Latina - Evaluación Intermedia La heterogeneidad de los contextos de diálogo social en los países meta dificulta el diseño e implementación de una estrategia consistente de fortalecimiento institucional y de capacidades de los constituyentes. En el diseño de programas regionales debe calibrarse con detenimiento si la diversidad de contextos nacionales puede afectar a la viabilidad de los objetivos. La experiencia está demostrando en este caso que la excesiva heterogeneidad de los países es un obstáculo para mantener una línea estratégica con cierto grado de consistencia en el conjunto de los países.
• Programa regional para la promoción del dialogo social y la cohesión social en America Latina - Evaluación Intermedia Es importante prever estrategias adaptativas para responder con agilidad a los cambios en el contexto de diálogo social. Los contextos nacionales en materia de diálogo social pueden experimentar fuertes modificaciones que afecten positiva o negativamente al diálogo social debido a factores fuera del alcance de los proyectos, como cambios de gobiernos. Es importante que los proyectos cuenten con estrategias de respuesta adecuadas.
• Programa regional para la promoción del dialogo social y la cohesión social en America Latina - Evaluación Intermedia La calidad y alto nivel de los capacitadores que aporta la OIT es uno de los factores clave de éxito y apropiación por los receptores de las capacitaciones. El poder de convocatoria de expertos externos y la cualificación de los especialistas de OIT es un factor esencial para la buena recepción, apropiación y demanda de las capacitaciones por parte de los participantes, como se ha evidenciado en el caso de Chile y Argentina.
• Programa regional para la promoción del dialogo social y la cohesión social en America Latina - Evaluación Intermedia Conectar la cooperación técnica en diálogo social con iniciativas específicas prioritarias para los constituyentes constituye una efectiva vía de entrada. La experiencia del proyecto ha mostrado que la incorporación del diálogo social en programas o iniciativas que son prioritarios para los constituyentes, puede ser una estrategia exitosa para promover el diálogo social. El caso del proyecto de reconstrucción con diálogo social en Chile es un buen ejemplo.
• Better Factories of Cambodia - Midterm Cluster Evaluation BFC should focus on its core services and use better management of its data to leverage collaboration with a wide range of domestic and international services rather than trying to include myriad projects under the BFC programme umbrella.
• Better Factories of Cambodia - Midterm Cluster Evaluation Having a majority of women beneficiaries is not equivalent to having mainstreamed gender equality which needs to be integrated systematically at policy (e.g. by links with Neary Rattanak IV), institutional (e.g. as by links with Gender Mainstreaming Action Plans in MoLVT, and MoC); and beneficiary levels, by inter alia ensuring women’s access to leadership positions in trades unions, to maternity and child protection, and to protection against discrimination and harassment.
• Better Factories of Cambodia - Midterm Cluster Evaluation Monitoring alone is not enough to achieve compliance; training and advisory services, the roles and responsibilities of employers, trade unions, government and international buyers, and ultimately the consumer all play an important part in improvement of working conditions and this vision needs to be embedded in all project operations and core services. Transparency and tripartism should permeate the entire approach and is much broader than a return to the ‘best practice’ of ‘naming and shaming’ individual non-compliant factories. The actual and potential influence of international buyers on factory working conditions needs to be better understood.
• Better Factories of Cambodia - Midterm Cluster Evaluation There is a need for BFC to balance flexibility and innovativeness, with a bureaucratic need to analyse and document. BFC must continue to balance the legitimately competing needs of various stakeholders, by positioning itself as a neutral and efficient resource of comprehensive information. The new programme document with a fully developed and measurable results framework against which progress can be measured responds to these needs, as will the revisions proposed to core services and re-structuring of the data-base, and re-design of the web-site for better functionality.
• Community-based confidence building among different ethnic and religious groups for SME Development for the most vulnerable in Sri Lanka - Midterm Evaluation Concern regarding the appropriateness ILO’s modified version of the CB TREE approach to meet the needs of recently resettled IDPs in conflict affected villages in the north of Sri Lankan, was the significant lesson learnt from the evaluation. Reservations about the suitability of the CB TREE methodology in the immediate aftermath of the conflict in northern Sri Lanka arose as a result of the major changes made to the project’s design and implementation strategy; the prioritization of daily household income and employment by project beneficiaries as their most immediate needs and the absence of an enabling local economic environment for MSE development in newly settled villages.
• Community-based confidence building among different ethnic and religious groups for SME Development for the most vulnerable in Sri Lanka - Midterm Evaluation The findings of the evaluation raised questions about the suitability of the CB TREE plus approach in the context of the social environment faced by returning IDPs. In newly resettled villages community structures and institutions had been damaged or completely destroyed by prolonged conflict. The findings of the evaluation also raised question as to whether the most vulnerable members of recently resettled IDP communities are suitable participants for entrepreneurship training. FHH, Xcom, PWD and CAY typically have limited or restricted human, social and or financial capital. In the north of Sri Lanka FHH, Xcom, PWD and CAY and are also highly likely to be suffering from psychosocial and or physical trauma due to serial displacement, bereavement and the emotional impacts of the final phase of the conflict.
• Community-based confidence building among different ethnic and religious groups for SME Development for the most vulnerable in Sri Lanka - Midterm Evaluation The lesson learnt by the evaluation does not question the validity of the CB TREE methodology per se, rather it questions whether a community based training approach for economic empowerment is more suited to post conflict situations where the transition from humanitarian to development assistance has been completed. Post conflict situations where community structures have been re-established and the priority needs of project beneficiaries for immediate household income are already met. The lesson learnt by the evaluation suggests CB TREE is more appropriate later in the recovery process, following the end of the Sri Lankan conflict: once national, district and divisional value chains have been linked. At which point, MSE developed through CB TREE can link to divisional, district and national markets.
• Community-based confidence building among different ethnic and religious groups for SME Development for the most vulnerable in Sri Lanka - Midterm Evaluation The findings of the evaluation also question of the economic viability of village level MSE formed through the CB TREE approach, when national and district value chains have yet to penetrate the divisional or village level due to land issues, lack of investment incentives and the absence of local partners with sufficient capital and business experience at the local level.
• Support to promote and apply ILO Convention 111 on employment discrimination in China - Final Evaluation Training alone without policy support is not effective in promoting change at provincial level.
• Support to promote and apply ILO Convention 111 on employment discrimination in China - Final Evaluation The validity of project design in terms of indicators and the causal link between outcomes, outputs and activities, achievable and measurable, within the lifetime of the project, is of crucial importance
• Support to promote and apply ILO Convention 111 on employment discrimination in China - Final Evaluation Strategic selection of participants for training is essential to get the right persons to attain the outcomes of the project.
• Support to promote and apply ILO Convention 111 on employment discrimination in China - Final Evaluation The ownership and future of the website/resources platform should ideally have been agreed upon among the partners before its creation.
• Combating hazardous and exploitative child labour in surgical instruments manufacturing through prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation - Phase II - Final Evaluation Since vendor registration is not yet comprehensive, it does not provide baseline information concerning child labour or occupational safety and hazard concerns in vendor workshops as a whole. The Ministry of Labour is however planning to initiate a labour survey, which is meant to be mapping labour in different sectors, whether this exercise will produce a reliable source of information concerning the situation in surgical vendor workshops remains to be seen. The ILO IPEC project should at least try to compare its existing data on registered vendors with the findings emerging from the labour survey within Sialkot.
• Combating hazardous and exploitative child labour in surgical instruments manufacturing through prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation - Phase II - Final Evaluation Furthermore, Phase II of the project can also be considered part of a continuum which subsequently facilitated implementation of the TBP support project in Sialkot. Building on the sequential experience of both phases of the surgical project, the TBP support project made a more concerted effort to involve local government stakeholders in its activities, and bolster mechanisms like the project advisory committee to take a more active part in TBP support project activities in the form of a district coordination committee, headed by the District Coordination Officer.
• Combating hazardous and exploitative child labour in surgical instruments manufacturing through prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation - Phase II - Final Evaluation It was also in retrospect of demands emerging from the surgical projects that the project of support to TBP realized the necessity to offer literacy and vocational trainings instead of focusing on NFE alone.
• Combating hazardous and exploitative child labour in surgical instruments manufacturing through prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation - Phase II - Final Evaluation PWF has very limited capacity to act as a watchdog or access to vendors given the fact that it has not yet been able to unionize many workers working.
• Combating hazardous and exploitative child labour in surgical instruments manufacturing through prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation - Phase II - Final Evaluation Moreover, it must be realized that the concept of OSH is itself only one aspect of a decent working environment, which requires not only OSH standards but also a range of other labour standards like working hours, minimum wage and observance of employment contracts. Such issues have been addressed in parallel ILO-IPEC activities like the Sialkot Initiative, and their resonance within Phase II of the surgical project could also have been sought.
• Combating hazardous and exploitative child labour in surgical instruments manufacturing through prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation - Phase II - Final Evaluation Vendors themselves are hard to motivate given that they have no obligation to the outside world, and are primarily linked to their manufacturers, with the exception of some mid-sized vendors who have direct access to exporters, even the exact number of whom is also not known with any certainty.
• Combating hazardous and exploitative child labour in surgical instruments manufacturing through prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation - Phase II - Final Evaluation Phase II of the surgical project has built upon findings emerging from Phase I. One of these findings was the need to further involve workshop vendors within the project, while the other was to have a more explicit strategy in place to mainstream children after providing them non-formal education.
• Combating hazardous and exploitative child labour in surgical instruments manufacturing through prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation - Phase II - Final Evaluation Perhaps allowing CWIC&E to select the locations of the OSH model workshops may have improved their quality. The existing quality of OSH practices adopted within the model workshops itself diminishes the possibility of them being replicated.
• Combating hazardous and exploitative child labour in surgical instruments manufacturing through prevention, withdrawal and rehabilitation - Phase II - Final Evaluation The utility of forming mother groups within the TBP support project was also based on the encouraging experience of working with mothers within the community mobilization component of the surgical project. Based on success with mainstreaming children under Phase II of the surgical project, this target was increased for the TBP support project. Also, the age of children working in child labour was also extended to focus on the 14 to 18 year old age group in the TBP support project which was not being given due attention in the surgical projects.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Madagascar Report - Final Evaluation Combining alternative economic activities for the -disadvantaged in rural areas (component 2) and opening up access roads for the same population /component 3) may be mutually supportive as beneficiaries get easier and cheaper access to markets on the one side and the roads constructed get more traffic as a consequence. However, the scale of the activities under Component 2 can hardly justify the road investment costs. This is not to say that the development of economic activities cannot justify infrastructure investment, however they need to be of a much higher scale.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Madagascar Report - Final Evaluation The justification for including components 2 and 3 was that they would inform policy development at the national level. However, in the absence of a common organisation and of a joint monitoring and evaluation system, either component has hitherto contributed very little to the national process. Component 2 appears to be too modest in size as to be an efficient model for the government to replicate it. In addition it relies on a project structure for its management and who could take over from such a parallel structure in case of replication is unclear.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Madagascar Report - Final Evaluation Knowledge management: Projects expected to develop new approaches that should feed into national policies, such as the one under evaluation, need a good knowledge management system to track results, identify difficulties and constraints and make timely corrections in project implementation as needed, but also to capitalise on successes and lessons learnt and to disseminate information to national stakeholders and decision-makers. In the absence of such a system, the risk is that positive project outcomes remain unknown and are not sustained once the project is completed.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Madagascar Report - Final Evaluation Promoting institutional change and policy development: National ownership is a necessary condition to bring about institutional change and to contribute to policy development. ILO can bring technical expertise and share experience gained in Madagascar and elsewhere , but the government has to be in the driving seat to take full advantage of ILO's support and to mainstream lessons learnt out of project experience into national policies. In addition, project implementation has to be closely linked to national institutions (which includes appointing a hosting institution responsible for overseeing overall project implementation) that can adopt successful project approaches and take over project activities once the project is over. NPSE formulation and adoption, which responded to a government's request and followed a participatory process in which all national stakeholders took part.
• Operationalizing Pro Poor Growth - Component I: Madagascar Report - Final Evaluation Comprehensive support package. Studies, training activities or workshops are not sufficient to bring about institutional changes, such as the development of a new relationship between MPF and CNSPERP, or the integration of employment in public investment programmes. They rather need to be integrated within a global strategy with clear objectives, coupled with a well-defined support package to get there. Such a package should include technical assistance and training, but also the provision of methodological instruments, manuals and procedures. It should be backed up by a strong knowledge management system (see below). Such a comprehensive approach requires sufficient time and commensurate resources, which were not adequately planned in the case of this project.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Final Evaluation To ensure systematic achievement of positive gender equality outputs and outcomes in the project from its inception, it would have been good to have: • a specific gender equality strategy • targeted gender equality training for implementing partners • systematic collection of sex disaggregated data • allocation of specific expertise (e.g. local gender consultants who speak local languages and have good awareness of cultural issues); and • a gender budget.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Final Evaluation The project invested significant time and resources training implementing partners where required. However, capacity building was affected by frequent staff turnover and efforts to manage knowledge acquired in training workshops to offset this had limited effect in many instances.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Final Evaluation It is important to adequately staff an international labour migration project with a regional management unit and six country components, including 23 MRC locations.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Final Evaluation A more robust M&E framework should have been defined at the start of the project, rather than at the midway point. Once a dedicated M&E staff was on board, each MRC was provided with coaching according to their knowledge gaps and the services provided. Although time consuming and more costly, it reaped benefits in the provision of more quality reporting and a shift from focusing on activities to focusing on impact.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Mid Term Evaluation Demonstrating green job creation or transformation require longer time frameworks compared to conventional projects.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Mid Term Evaluation It is important to broaden the circle of policy decision makers from “only” working with tri-partite social partners to also include environmental, planners and other actors.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Mid Term Evaluation Hands-on sector specific issues and concerns are fundamental vehicles to ground the Green Jobs agenda in national realities and sector specific concerns.
• Green Jobs in Asia - Mid Term Evaluation Given the wide scope and continuous discussions at both global and local levels about the meaning of Green Jobs, identifying and selecting specific or intermediary impacts are also important communicative devices.
• Youth employment Network YEN / SIDA Project - Mid Term Evaluation Effective and innovative awareness raising is being extended beyond formal consultations to include community outreach and engagement activities, for example by YENWA. The Unit co-sponsored a visit by the French football star Mr. Liliam Thuram to 4 West African crisis countries. The visit of Mr. Thuram, the proclaimed Ambassador of African youth, brought maximum media attention and international exposure to the plight of disadvantaged youth and the challenges of youth employment.
• Youth employment Network YEN / SIDA Project - Mid Term Evaluation The added value of the YEN is said to be that it provides a mechanism for sharing knowledge and experience among its partners 'based on the fundamental principle that all partners, irrespective of their country¿s level of development, has something useful to learn and share'. The YEN can play an important role in facilitating communication and information sharing, linking important initiatives and stakeholders including LCs, and fill a key international coordinating role in operationalising peer partnerships.
• Youth employment Network YEN / SIDA Project - Mid Term Evaluation In terms of the way forward, it was recognised that new ways of mobilizing youth are needed there should be involvement of youth groups at partner level, through Youth Consultative Group (YCG) or any other means. There was a wide consensus that stakeholders would like to revisit the ways of reaching out to youth and to clarify the legal status of the YCG. There is as yet no shared view as to how best to reach out to youth and the Steering Committee have called for ideas from the Secretariat. Potential mechanisms suggested by respondents include a sub regional youth advisory body; formulating the YCG as an equal partner within the SC, use of the Web Site and its knowledge community function as a platform for interaction with country level youth networks, for example contemporary fora such as Facebook.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Mid Term Evaluation 33 months is far too short for a capacity building programme. The project has done very well to identify and start to address the capacity needs in the time available, but at least one more three year phase would be necessary to ensure that the approach was sustainable without project backing.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Mid Term Evaluation The short time span has been compounded by significant delays created by ILO Geneva concerns about the legal basis of FIDIC and community contracts. This is surprising as programmes within ILO have been working with these issues for at least twenty years, and supporting and advising countries on their introduction. These fundamental issues should be resolved in ILO Geneva for general application and not left for as a burden for field projects to resolve. Despite the above, the lessons about the effectiveness of community contracts as a transparent, efficient and participatory process if properly managed have been reinforced.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Mid Term Evaluation Ownership, in this case of the districts and local government with respect to rural transport, is an essential element of project design. The pressure to rebuild, combined with the government¿s drive for increased autonomy at a local level, has made this issue very difficult for the project. However this is a common problem: projects are often based on what is, rather than what is likely to happen in the future. The project design and projects in general would benefit from more attention to issues of insitutionalisation and change.
• Rural access and capacity building project (RACBP) in Nias Island, Indonesia - Mid Term Evaluation Maintenance is another issue with which the ILO has long experience. It is obvious in the case of Nias that districts will not have a sufficient maintenance budget for many years. Communities can be very effective at the level of works required, but only if they are fully involved from the planning stage and fully aware of the long term obligation and inputs required. This component should be built into all rural access projects.
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation The generation of protective systems for 'new' Occupational safety and health target groups are not automatic spin-offs from pilot activities, but will require targeted design of institutions and services to take-off
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation Linking policy and programme support to ILO standards and instruments was considered very useful by national stakeholders seeking to learn from international experience and build nationally robust Occupational safety and health mechanisms
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation Pilot projects offer concrete hands-on experiences for local authorities and social partners to address and get acquainted with the needs of new target groups and working areas
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation The sheer magnitude of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the informal and rural sectors combined by far include the majority of the Vietnamese working population generating the need for a macro-vision and strategic grasp to effectively respond to Occupational safety and health needs
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation The major lesson is that innovative approaches, country-ownership and international support to Occupational safety and health offer critical transformative potential to rapidly evolving economies
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation Generating a national Occupational safety and health culture in a highly evolving socio-economic landscape, is an on-going process, where some level of flexibility within projects is a critical success ingredient
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation The project revealed the different comparative advantages and the significant potential for social mobilization of social partners and other stakeholders in terms of scaling-up and mainstreaming Occupational safety and health issues in their respective agendas.
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation Contrary to common-sense ideas that Occupational safety and health issues are not prioritized by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), informal workers and farmers, pilot activities revealed the significant potential for voluntary action.
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation Promoting inter-ministerial coordination stimulated new forms of engagement and joint action between the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs and the Ministry of Health, yet was also recognized as 'work in progress'. Scaling up this coordination will require joint project design and detailed coordination requirements.
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation Tripartite social dialogue and collaborative action in the occupational safety and health field are not pre-given processes, but require an adaptive process allowing the project to resolve misunderstandings or make use of new occupational safety and health action opportunities where they arise.
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation Promoting core labour standards in Occupational safety and health activities and vice-versa is not an automatic process, but can effectively benefit from the coordination efforts promoted by the country office
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH Component) - Final Evaluation Pilot projects also revealed the importance of careful follow-up strategies in the application of participatory occupational safety and health approaches and the need for the government's regular support measures to build such follow-up systems responding to the magnitude of the challenge.
• Addressing Education and Skills Gaps for Vulnerable Youths in Haiti: Promoting rural socio-economic development in South and Grande Anse Departments - Final Evaluation Vocational training of 18-25-Year-Old Youth • The idea of providing young people in vulnerable socio-economic conditions with technical training remains an initiative of capital importance. However, it is estimated that this group find it difficult to develop a certain autonomy to integrate into the labor market. The “wait-and-see attitude” is very high. • With the socio-economic reality evolving in the geographic departments of the South and Grand'Anse, it is almost impossible to approach the economic development of young people from an angle strictly linked to vocational training. Any initiative aimed at the sustainable development of the departments must inevitably develop a harmonious formula capable of reconciling the expectations of young people in terms of professional integration, access to credit, investment insurance, an adapted legal framework, a safe and reliable environment, and infrastructure providing conditions capable of attracting exogenous finance
• Addressing Education and Skills Gaps for Vulnerable Youths in Haiti: Promoting rural socio-economic development in South and Grande Anse Departments - Final Evaluation Associations and Cooperatives. The field situation analysis shows a change in behaviour in the adoption of governance and management practices developed in agricultural and fisheries association’s cooperatives in general. Behavioural changes are especially noted in the needs assessment strategies, in the rationality of the process of transformation of agricultural products, in the marketing of products and in the calculation of the performance levels which are done on an integrated basis, compared to situations before FOPRODER.
• Strengthening the capacity of employers' and workers' organizations to be effective partners in social dialogue - Final Evaluation 2. Comprehensive evaluation strategies are essential for evidence based analyses of the results obtained through interventions. Information generated through systematic evaluation should inform future programming and the design of new interventions. The project is an example of the relevance and usefulness of including explicit and sound evaluation strategies since the inception phase of an intervention. When a comprehensive strategy was included a deeper understanding of both the quality of training and the results obtained through it was possible.
• Strengthening the capacity of employers' and workers' organizations to be effective partners in social dialogue - Final Evaluation 3. Systematic documentation of good practices and success stories should be part of the overall project strategy. This is especially valid for projects entailing a strong learning component, involving various actors and covering a range of geographical and cultural settings. The documentation of good practices and success stories is will potentially contribute to reinforce the institutional learning systems of the organizations involved in the projects e.g. ILO, ITC/ILO, donors, and other partners.
• Strengthening the capacity of employers' and workers' organizations to be effective partners in social dialogue - Final Evaluation 1. Projects managed by more than one technical programme (ACTRAV and ACTEMP in this case) and that are supposed to act independently albeit seeking common results, should entail as well, the implementation of key joint initiatives. The assessment of the results obtained through such joint activities should allow a more rigorous and comprehensive analysis of the relevance and the effectiveness achieved by the overall project (and not solely by its independent components: ACTRAV on the one hand and ACTEMP on the other)
• Local area development programme (LADP): Local economic development, reconstruction and employment creation - Final Joint Evaluation All economic recovery inputs should be tailored to the needs of each region.
• Local area development programme (LADP): Local economic development, reconstruction and employment creation - Final Joint Evaluation Projects and programmes need to operate within appropriate project cycles, supported by M&E plans guided by baselines, indicators, and targets. Projects and programmes hoping to nurture deep level change cannot expect to meet with success in short time-frames.
• Local area development programme (LADP): Local economic development, reconstruction and employment creation - Final Joint Evaluation A programme can choose to invest, train and build the capacity of local partners or rely on the inputs of international experts who have the necessary skill-sets and experience. Both approaches have advantages. However, in a long-term context, the planning preference should be towards capacity building of local partners.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for Indonesia: 2006-2009 It would be good practice for ILO Country Offices to designate and to fund a centralized focal point for monitoring progress toward Decent Work Country Programme and project outcomes.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for Indonesia: 2006-2009 It would be good practice for ILO Country Offices to replicate the entrepreneurial approach to mobilizing extra-budgetary technical cooperation funding and the strong work ethic that the ILO brings to project implementation in Indonesia.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for Indonesia: 2006-2009 It would be good practice for the ILO to determine the ideal mix of technical cooperation projects (TCP) in terms of maximum number, size and complexity that can be efficiently managed at any given time.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for Indonesia: 2006-2009 It would be good practice to consider the implications of Country Offices establishing strategic partnerships with groups other than tripartite constituents. The evaluation team realizes that this issue will necessarily be country specific, but nonetheless urges the ILO to consider some general principles.
• Employment-intensive growth for Indonesia: Job opportunities for young women and men (JOY) - Final Evaluation Youth employment problems are cross-disciplinary problems which need holistic treatment. Which is why youth and gender groups, other than youth entrepreneurs groups, must be full-fledged stakeholders at the design and implementation stages of the project. Although this aspect featured in JOY’s original project document, it remained without effect in the implementation phase. This would surely have led to the identification of problems of a more social nature which often need to be tackled when designing with youth employment (such as dealing with social reintegration of marginalised youth before attempting their labour market reintegration). It is worth noting, also, that Indonesia benefits from social structure conducive to such wide representation, through for instance the Gotong Royong, the rural village youth groups established under the Sokarno era, or youth focal points in trade unions.
• Employment-intensive growth for Indonesia: Job opportunities for young women and men (JOY) - Final Evaluation - The employment-intensive component of the project (Output 2.3: specific local economic development initiatives undertaken, one involving the promotion of employment intensive infrastructure investments) is only partially realised. The project harnessed the potential of local social practices whereby villagers mutualise their resources, usually their time, to carry out infrastructure improvements. This practice, called Gotong Royong, has long existed in Indonesia and the action of JOY improved the quality of the work undertaken by providing technical training to the group leaders, but did not really contribute to creating employment. In addition, this practice is only youth-friendly because of the demographic profile of the population. The evaluators took part in one such training session. The group of around 40-50 people was indeed largely constituted of young persons, but only one woman was present.
• Creating youth employment through improved youth entrepreneurship - Final Evaluation Research teams with strong and observable experience in carrying out the surveys and the analysis are preferred over experts on the “Know about business” (KAB) programme to manage the high risk of bias if people directly involved in the KAB implementation evaluate its impact.
• Creating youth employment through improved youth entrepreneurship - Final Evaluation The ILO field enterprise specialists or other relevant specialists should be fully informed and where possible included in the impact assessments, for example in the selection of research teams, methodology and implementation.
• Creating youth employment through improved youth entrepreneurship - Final Evaluation Combining methodologies, quantitative and qualitative, is essential, especially in cases such as tracer studies where obtaining reliable quantitative information can sometimes be difficult.
• Creating youth employment through improved youth entrepreneurship - Final Evaluation In order to fully capture the impact of “Know about business” programme on all young women and men, future tracer studies should also look at unemployed KAB graduates. By focusing only on those who became employees or business owners, an important part of the youth cohort is left out. Moreover, as shown in the Kyrgyzstan report, by doing so, key numbers of young women may be left out.
• Improving labour relations for decent work and sustainable development in the Myanmar garment industry - Final evaluation Stakeholders’ participation of all three Tripartite Constituents, including the Government (a Ministry of Labour or Employment), in the project design and in the implementation result not only in Ownership but also allows for leverage vis-a-vis the other constituents.
• Improving labour relations for decent work and sustainable development in the Myanmar garment industry - Final evaluation The Public Private Development Partnership (PPDP) Model used in this project has advantages and disadvantages which should be managed well especially concerning the different roles played by international private companies. In this particular project funded by public funds (Sida) and private funds (H&M and in the final project year also M&S), the role of H&M has been assessed as crucial for the progress in implementation and for the achievements made. In fact, the role of H&M is considered as one of the ‘Success Factors’. The same can be said to a lesser extent of M&S since they joined the project in a later phase (September 2019).
• Support to public employment services in Lebanon: Strengthening capacity of the National Employment Authority - Mid Term Evaluation The project ought to adopt a participatory management approach so as to enhance the ownership of the project by key stakeholders. The project is already reaching out for private sector stakeholders, but it is less active in reaching out to government stakeholders. For example, CAS will be conducting semi-annual labour force survey, the Ministry of Industry is planning an industrial survey with the support of UNIDO at the end of 2010, and so forth.
• Support to public employment services in Lebanon: Strengthening capacity of the National Employment Authority - Mid Term Evaluation ¿ The standard documents of an international development project should be prepared during the inception phase e.g. agreement between the executing agency and the host government, LFA, the Inception Report, and the Performance Measurement Framework (PMF). True, the project inception had taken place in highly exceptional circumstances following the 2006 war and at a time of relatively high degree of political instability; nonetheless completing the project documentation was very important in order to secure a smooth project progress.
• Implementing HIV/AIDS Workplace Policies and Programmes - Final Evaluation On policy advocacy: The project shall be aligned with the National Strategic Framework. This project document framework was initially set on the GTZ priorities only. The project work plan was revised based on consensus of major ILO constituents to ensure national ownership and adjusted to align with the National Strategic Framework, 2006-2010, which the UNDAF and UNAIDS plans are all aligned to.
• Implementing HIV/AIDS Workplace Policies and Programmes - Final Evaluation On mainstreaming ILO Code of Practice in the world of work: A formal partnership arrangement with the Mali Business Coalition against AIDS could further enhance the public and private sector update of the Code of Practice.
• Implementing HIV/AIDS Workplace Policies and Programmes - Final Evaluation On Knowledge base management: i) Participants requested ILO to make available more resource materials on managing HIV at workplace and on sector specific workplace HIV interventions; ii) Increase resource allocation for project communications to increase reach beyond the immediate workshop participants.
• Implementing HIV/AIDS Workplace Policies and Programmes - Final Evaluation On effectiveness and efficiency of project management: A full-time technical specialist support and guidance from the HQs thoughout the project duration is crucial
• Implementing HIV/AIDS Workplace Policies and Programmes - Final Evaluation On whether the project has achieved what it sets out to accomplish: It is critical to set realistic objectives and provide requisite budget allocation for each activity envisioned to ensure effective participation by social partners.
• Implementing HIV/AIDS Workplace Policies and Programmes - Final Evaluation On sustainability: The project time frame was too short to enable newly engaged partner to be able to sustain their actions without additional financial support and ILO technical guidance.
• Strengthening of comprehensive anti-trafficking responses in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia (RER/08/02/EEC) - Final evaluation Joint Intergovernmental organization programs help decrease parallel or duplicative inputs from different international agencies working with the same or similar stakeholders in the national context.
• Strengthening of comprehensive anti-trafficking responses in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia (RER/08/02/EEC) - Final evaluation In the South Caucasus, regional programming creates efficiency of staffing and use of resources for donors and Intergovernmental organizations, but it is not of a high priority to the national stakeholders.
• Strengthening of comprehensive anti-trafficking responses in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia (RER/08/02/EEC) - Final evaluation Government actors in all three countries of the South Caucasus are generally skeptical that trafficking in human beings and forced labour effect large numbers of their citizens.
• Strengthening of comprehensive anti-trafficking responses in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia (RER/08/02/EEC) - Final evaluation The greatest strength of this project was the overt focus on forced labour along side (or as part of) the phenomenon and challenges of trafficking in human beings. This expanded focus created a clearer point of entry through which to engage the traditional social partners of the ILO – employers and labour unions – in prevention of Trafficking of human beings and identification/assistance for its victims.
• Strengthening of comprehensive anti-trafficking responses in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia (RER/08/02/EEC) - Final evaluation Ministries of Labour, particularly labour inspectors, realized new possibilities for their roles and responsibilities vis-a-vis counter-Trafficking of human beings/Forced labour (THB/FL). Their participation in workshops with other, more traditional, counter-THB/FL actors such as law enforcement and social services representatives, created new possibilities for them to be included as partners in these efforts.
• Strengthening of comprehensive anti-trafficking responses in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia (RER/08/02/EEC) - Final evaluation Government, social sector and civil society actors do not clearly distinguish inputs from different Intergovernmental organizations (IOs). They tend to attribute most inputs to whatever IO they have worked with most closely.
  This has little negative impact on delivery of information and activities, but it does not serve the branding priorities of the IOs within the target country well.
• Promouvoir l’emploi productif et le travail décent des jeunes en en Algérie, Maroc, Mauritanie et Tunisie - Évaluation finale The ILO's decentralization process can lead to undesirable consequences, such as the lack of a well-defined managerial structure, which must be compensated for by a clear distribution of responsibilities and a good coordination between offices.The geographic presence of the CTA in one office may have implications for the degree of ownership that is felt by the other offices involved in the regional component.
• Promouvoir l’emploi productif et le travail décent des jeunes en en Algérie, Maroc, Mauritanie et Tunisie - Évaluation finale The value of stakeholder leadership that is capable of combining strategic elements which could lead to synergies among countries cannot be under estimated. If such leadership does not exist, it should be developed.
• Promouvoir l’emploi productif et le travail décent des jeunes en en Algérie, Maroc, Mauritanie et Tunisie - Évaluation finale The role of the ILO in the Maghreb region is perceived very positively in the area of youth employment, where it exercises a strong leadership vis-à-vis other UN agencies. This role is reinforced by the ILO’s permanent presence in each of the countries from the region through the technical offices and teams that provide support to the responsible national institutions.
• Youth employment promotion programme in Timor (YEP) - Midterm Evaluation Experience with vocational training reforms in other countries confirms that major vocational training initiatives such as those being undertaken in Timor Leste take a long time to be implemented fully and require ongoing support. There will also be a need for continuing support from international advisors beyond the life of the current project and SEFOPE and ILO should prepare well in advance a succession plan.
• Youth employment promotion programme in Timor (YEP) - Midterm Evaluation Current results show that SEFOPE has been able to gradually expand its core staff over a number of years, taking on well-tested and experienced staff that were brought in through YEP funding or that of earlier ILO projects using a similar approach.
• Youth employment promotion programme in Timor (YEP) - Midterm Evaluation The integrated approach adopted by the CTA and project team has resulted in implementation being fully embedded within the organizational framework of SEFOPE and INDMO. The recruitment of national project staff using a Service Contract with the Ministry enabled national staff to be recruited directly on Government conditions of service. This approach is promoting counterpart ownership and is facilitating the capacity building process as well as potentially enhancing sustainability in the longer term if these staff and their expertise are retained by SEFOPE after the project has finished.
• Proyecto para el desarrollo racional y sostenible del sector pesquero - Final Evaluation Los proyectos no deben ser identificados y formulados sin la implicación activa de los destinatarios de las acciones. En caso contrario la eficacia disminuye de modo muy importante, se complica la gestión cotidiana y, además, se merman las posibilidades de sostenibilidad de los resultados.
• Proyecto para el desarrollo racional y sostenible del sector pesquero - Final Evaluation Un proyecto que demanda intervenciones institucionales complejas como pueden ser la aprobación de normativa o la coordinación de diversas administraciones centrales y locales requiere de la constitución de un Comité Nacional de Dirección de Proyecto o de una figura similar.
• Proyecto para el desarrollo racional y sostenible del sector pesquero - Final Evaluation En la pesca artesanal, la promoción del diálogo social debe adaptarse a una característica intrínseca: la inexistencia de relaciones patrón-empleador formales (es muy excepcional encontrar personal asalariado) y, por lo tanto, la ausencia de sindicatos representantes de los pescadores.
• Proyecto para el desarrollo racional y sostenible del sector pesquero - Final Evaluation Un proyecto de estas características geográfica no debe estar centralizado fiera del área de intervención ya que esto dificulta la coordinación sobre el terreno y hace disminuir la eficacia del mismo.
• Proyecto para el desarrollo racional y sostenible del sector pesquero - Final Evaluation Para que pueda hablarse de una implicación real, los participantes deben tomar parte en la elaboración del plan de actuaciones, con objetivos claros, y en su seguimiento. De lo contrario su papel en el proyecto se limita al de “clientes” de las intervenciones. La información debe fluir entre todos los participantes, y no limitarse a la difusión de los resultados
• Cooperative facility for Africa - Mid Term Evaluation It is important to support the movement at the government level to ensure that discussion and approval of new or revised cooperative policies and laws is done with minimum delays.
• Cooperative facility for Africa - Mid Term Evaluation Innovations such as the Challenge Fund and the establishment of Centres of Competence can be a sustainable means of injecting support and ensuring continued support to final beneficiaries.
• Cooperative facility for Africa - Mid Term Evaluation The programme's varied and extensive partnership model, established at national, regional and international levels, can be an effective way to leverage resources and promote sustainability.
• Cooperative facility for Africa - Mid Term Evaluation In some countries, support structures seem limited in their capacity, due to the state of development of the cooperative movement in those regions. Cooperative stakeholders therefore face severe constraints in mobilizing partners in a coordinated manner and promoting the sector.
• Cooperative facility for Africa - Mid Term Evaluation Success is largely determined by the strength of the cooperative movement in each country.
• Cooperative facility for Africa - Mid Term Evaluation Funding can be stretched extensively by being creative in programming (e.g. utilizing structures such as apex organisations, focal points, and National Advisory Groups to implement a comprehensive and complex development programme).
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation Direct support services (e.g. supporting legal cases) are useful and provide an immediate direct impact on the beneficiaries; while at the same time providing experience and evidence to influence policy discussions and capacity building tools, potentially leading to a more favorable environment for migrant workers.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation More investment is required in building the capacity of partners at local levels – in terms of the tailoring the course content, following up on the use of the training, and conducting refresher training.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation The services provided through the MRCs in the job centres (in all three sending countries) are potentially sustainable and scalable. There is evidence from Cambodia and Vietnam that a significant number of job-seekers visiting the job centres are interested in cross-border labour migration.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation Self-regulation tools allow industry associations (e.g. the National Fisheries Association of Thailand, as well as the recruitment agency associations in Vietnam and Cambodia) to raise the bar – particularly in the absence of tight legislation or monitoring – and demonstrate the commitment of good actors within these industries.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation Migrants and potential migrants are sometimes unwilling to visit the MRCs run by government partners – especially if they are considering irregular migration or migrated through irregular channels. The concept of service provision is unfamiliar in many cases – from both the perspective of the migrant and the service provider. Peer-to-peer learning is most effective means of reaching potential migrants and migrant workers. However, peer leaders need support to ensure quality and accuracy of messages; and the reach of this strategy should be monitored.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation Simply delivering practical messages on knowledge of safe migration and rights at work is insufficient. In order for a worker to use this knowledge, they need to understand the broader concepts of “rights”, “solidarity”, “service provision”, etc. In addition, knowledge needs to be taught with communication skills, as a knowledgeable worker is often a less attractive prospect for an employer, and raising issues with the employer can make them more vulnerable. The literacy level of migrants and potential migrants is also a major concern in the development of information and pre-departure training materials.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation Even after receiving counseling at the MRCs, some migrants will still use irregular channels to migrate because of the complexity and delays in processing documents, and the costs. (e.g. the MRC in Battambang followed up with 125 beneficiaries: 30 decided to migrate to Thailand (18 legally; 12 illegally); 45 no longer want to migrate because of risk; and 50 could not be contacted. Assistance at MRCs needs to be practical and demonstrate results to potential migrant workers.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation In sending and receiving countries, migrant workers are often reluctant to participate in a lengthy, drawn out trial – and prefer to get compensation in an out of court settlement. However, this does not serve as a sufficient deterrent to employers who are violating labour rights – and the abuse continues against a new group of migrants.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation In most cases, beneficiaries are primarily reached through outreach to communities. More intensive efforts are required to publicize the drop-in services at the MRCs. MRC staff are building relationships with local authorities, community leaders, civil society actors, etc. to promote the MRC and its services. For example, in Cambodia, the project is extending its influence in the three target provinces through closer engagement with provincial level authorities and coordination with other actors (e.g. WorldVision, MTV EXIT roadshows, and university volunteers).
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation In addition to targeting the general public, there is a need for the campaigns on promoting a positive image of migrants to also influence government, employer and trade union partners. It is clear that some government officers, trade union officers and employers in Thailand and Malaysia view their country as a ‘reluctant migrant-receiving country’, and do not recognize the positive contribution that migrants make.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation Many of the implementing partners require more backstopping and capacity building than expected. Regular coaching from National Project Coordinators, repeat training and material development is essential to ensuring that they are able to provide quality support services and submit reports in line with project requirements. Even some of the partners that are providing good support services struggle to document their efforts in a detailed and timely manner. In some cases, training on preparing financial reports is required for the staff of implementing partners.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants within and from the GMS from labour exploitation - Midterm Evaluation Irregular migrants need to be systematically supported to enable them to file grievances, access compensation or bring criminal charges in the host countries. In Thailand, irregular migrants are covered under the Labour Protection Act, though in Malaysia they are not guaranteed any rights.
• Promotion of indigenous and tribal peoples' rights through legal advice, capacity-building and dialogue - Final External Evaluation Global cooperation around promotion of indigenous peoples’ rights has a huge potential: after all, international legal instruments are conceived at the global level, and only after ratification are they translated into national contexts in a complex cooperation between representatives of the State administration and policy-makers, legal experts, civil society actors and indigenous peoples. Experience shows that there is a lot to be gained in these national processes, when they are nurtured by input from other countries.
• Promotion of indigenous and tribal peoples' rights through legal advice, capacity-building and dialogue - Final External Evaluation Combining global / regional activities with a strong presence at the national level has shown very effective in the countries where the project has had the strongest presence: the interplay between national Project Coordinators who have in-depth knowledge of a given national context, and become personifications of the ILO’s accessibility on indigenous rights issues through their continuous presence in their countries, and the larger, highly specialized global team of experts that represent the ILO’s strong institutional mandate, is very powerful.
• Promotion of indigenous and tribal peoples' rights through legal advice, capacity-building and dialogue - Final External Evaluation Specialized programme staff is needed at both global, regional and national levels to secure continued promotion and technical advice around the Conventions on indigenous peoples’ rights: indigenous peoples do not have their own representation in the ILO tripartite structure. Furthermore, Conventions No. 107 and 169 are not part of the body of core Conventions, wherefore there is a constant risk that their promotion slides down the priority agenda in country and regional offices if no specialized programme staff is in place. For these reasons, there is a strong need for specialized programme staff to render visibility to these Conventions, and engage in public liaison and technical dialogue when needed. Indigenous peoples also find it very important to have their own entry point to the ILO structure through specialized programme staff, given the fact that their cooperation with Workers, as an ILO Constituent, is in most cases not very well established. The lack of institutionalization of this expertise at the national level is therefore a weakness in the long run.
• Promotion of indigenous and tribal peoples' rights through legal advice, capacity-building and dialogue - Final External Evaluation It is possible to reach much beyond the ILO’s own project portfolio through creation of synergies with other initiatives and programmes: With good National Coordinators in place, lots of opportunities for creation of synergies with other initiatives and programmes are possible, and much can be achieved by sensitizing other actors to indigenous peoples’ concerns and needs, and facilitating a direct dialogue between these other actors and indigenous peoples. This is a very cost-efficient way of securing an impact beyond the ILO’s own programme.
• Promotion of indigenous and tribal peoples' rights through legal advice, capacity-building and dialogue - Final External Evaluation Momentum: A general increase in the global recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights, as expressed by international policy developments, as well as an increase in the no. of specialized UN bodies dealing specifically with indigenous peoples’ rights, combined with an intensified engagement on behalf of ILO’s supervisory bodies in the implementation of ILO Conventions protecting indigenous peoples’ rights, AND an ever stronger indigenous movement engaged in defending and monitoring implementation of their rights, has created a strong current momentum for promoting indigenous peoples’ rights further – and at the same time generated an enormous need for continued technical support to the implementation of these rights.
• Extension of social protection - STEP/Portugal project, Phase II - Final Evaluation • Although not an easy task in practical terms, linking contributive and non-contributive realms is necessary and justified. During the beginning stages of the STEP Project, there was no conscience among national institutions regarding the importance of linking non-contributive and contributive social security. The countries still face considerable problems in this area. Accordingly, more efforts from technical cooperation and Project implementers are needed to support the countries in tackling this issue. A specific lesson learned is that working with linking processes on practical issues is difficult (especially with administrative processes like exchanging data between the INPS and the CNPS). Although progresses were achieved in this area, they were not easy, as it took a good deal of effort to convince the different stakeholders on the need and the favorable impact that linking could have. Needless to say, the clear integration of contributive and non-contributive (horizontal vs. vertical) approaches –with emphasis on social protection floors- in developing countries is indispensable
• Extension of social protection - STEP/Portugal project, Phase II - Final Evaluation • The definitions of social protection and social security in the PALOP are still restricted. The current social security legal frameworks of the PALOP keep using a restricted definition of social protection that is not concordant with the considerably more ample definitions included in the social protection floor approach. A broader picture of social protection allows for better focus of activities. The Project made it possible for the sector to re-define the notion of social security to a broader concept of social protection that integrates direct social action for health, social action in schools, and productive social action covering different groups of beneficiaries.
• Building capacity for coordination of social security for migrant workers - Final Evaluation Projects showing effects predominantly on longer term and very little under the control of the implementing agency or beneficiary partner will need special attention in the design phase, especially on the design of performance indicators.
• Building capacity for coordination of social security for migrant workers - Final Evaluation Donors are more interested in the impact of projects on ultimate beneficiaries. Perspectives of getting access to funding will be positive for those proposals able to document this aspect.
• Building capacity for coordination of social security for migrant workers - Final Evaluation Actions of negotiation of social security agreements of a country have a better impact if they are combined with efforts for developing the institutional capacity of implementing the agreements as well as with activities of dissemination of information about the agreements among ultimate beneficiaries (migrant workers and their families).
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation Thus, the introduction of the project´s objectives and the awareness-raising and mobilization activities were made after the direct beneficiaries were selected, which, hampered the entry and the work of the IA in some communities; generated a 'beneficiary - non-beneficiary' separation in the communities; generated a refusal in some 'non beneficiaries' to participate in the project, for example, in the implementation of CAPs; affected the social cohesion of some communities; reduced the “integrated approach” sought by the project.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation Regarding the livelihood component, the lag between training and actual take off of production in the communities proved a major challenge, a situation blamed on project delays and the cumbersome nature of ILO procedures that deferred the release of funds for critical aspects of the project.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation The IGA adopted did not conduct a feasibility study. One of the notable resulting consequences is the fact that communities faced many difficulties to commercialize their products. Overall, sales did not come easily for communities because of their low negotiation capacity and their low market research.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation According to some beneficiaries, the beneficiary selection process led to frustration and displeasure within some communities. They believe that some of the beneficiaries are much less vulnerable than some non-beneficiaries, which could have lessened the mobilization of the entire community surrounding the IGA. Adopting a socio-economic model that first addresses the community as a whole in order, in the medium term, to reach households and individuals at a later stage, might be a better approach; one that helps mitigate the frustrations and to strengthen social cohesion.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation Alternative livelihoods are not a substitute for agriculture. It is important to emphasize that while evidence from the field visits shows great enthusiasm and optimism on the part of beneficiary communities, these livelihood alternatives, should not be seen as a panacea for solving child labour and poverty problems within the communities. These alternative livelihoods can complement the agricultural activities of the communities and not act as a substitute for them. In the long term, agriculture (cocoa and non-cocoa) still holds greater promise for transforming the economic and social lives of these communities.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation The CCP project was designed to provide an integrated approach on the elimination of child labour in cocoa growing communities. It was also conceived as a pilot project with the possibility of scaling up in the future if the results and outputs were adequate. The evaluation found that the burdensome administrative/financial ILO-USDOL requirements along with the rigidity of the Logical Framework and budget did not contribute to supporting the implementation of the project´s integrated approach.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation Flexibility to adapt budget and activities is essential for addressing the needs in countries and for supporting project implementation. Significant changes required long and complicated administrative processes. This made it difficult to adapt the original project concept to local situations and needs.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation Building on existing ILO/IPEC experiences, programs and resources and collaborating and coordinating with them have proven to be essential for a successful implementation. Stakeholder participation has also been a key element. Government officials, employers´ and workers´ representatives, district and local authorities, as well the beneficiaries and NGOs had key roles to play in the action since they were jointly responsible for implementing the project. This type of collaboration and coordination is a key aspect for enhancing project impact and making “IAB” models viable.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation Baseline studies are very important tools for obtaining reliable and up-to-date information on the communities, families and children subject of the action programs and to define good strategies to combat child labour. Nevertheless, the elaboration of baselines took a long time, which considerably set back the start of Action Plans in the communities, thus, greatly reducing their implementation schedule.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation Also, the start-up was slowed because of the efforts needed to negotiate with constituents an integrated approach they viewed to be in their own interest rather than driven by donor interest in cocoa. In Ghana in particular, constituents did not view cocoa as their priority. The continued exclusion of the Ghanaian and Ivorian social partners from the Child Labour Cocoa Coordinating Group (CLCCG) did not help overcome that mistrust.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation A broader involvement of community structures and populations while conducting the baseline surveys would have contributed to a better understanding of the objectives of these studies by the populations and local authorities.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation The selection of the direct beneficiaries of the APs (households and children) was made essentially based on the results of the baseline studies. The baseline survey, which included the listing and objective ranking of all children in the target communities took place before awareness-raising and other community-level activities began, the selection of beneficiaries (involving CCPCs, DCPCs and IAs) began only after the IAs were introduced to the communities.
• Towards child labour free cocoa growing communities in Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana through an integrated area-based approach - Final Evaluation The reduction of the APs implementation schedule, on one hand put a lot of pressure on the project staff, the IAs, and the targeted populations, and on the other hand had a considerable effect on the community mobilization work; the proper understanding of the project by the members of the communities; the development of the planned activities; the IGA selection; the possibilities for the sustainability of the results
• Combating the worst forms of child labour in shrimp and seafood processing areas in Thailand - Final Evaluation An approach to data collection and case management should be housed within communities with support provided to volunteers from those communities to collect data. A proper CLM, which is community-based, is more effective and efficient than NGO’s outreach efforts to migrant communities.
• Combating the worst forms of child labour in shrimp and seafood processing areas in Thailand - Final Evaluation A more thorough analysis of the context of the target group, not only including an economic analysis, but also a social and anthropological analysis of attitudes and beliefs is necessary before designing the project. While there are a number of similarities between migrant child labourers and Thai child labourers, there are some distinct differences between their economic and social realities that merit further reflection, particularly for designing activities at the community level. While attention should be provided to supporting CLM and the social welfare system overall to respond to child labour, it should be well informed by an understanding on appropriate approaches to providing those services.
• Combating the worst forms of child labour in shrimp and seafood processing areas in Thailand - Final Evaluation A more thorough assessment of the level of political will present among stakeholders to acknowledge the problem of child labour and to work together to address it is advised before starting a program. Greater awareness and analysis about stakeholders’ regard for the problem and desire to meaningfully address and participate in a project is advised from the start. This analysis should impact the project design, and indeed, whether to start the project in the first place.
• Moving towards a child labour free Jordan - Final evaluation Upgrading informal apprenticeships is an effective way of tackling child labour, particularly in situations where the child is of legal working age but is engaged in hazardous child labour. This can be done by ensuring the child is not engaged in any dangerous tasks and by converting the work place into a safe and healthy learning environment through training and increasing the awareness of not only the child but also the employer and the co-workers about workplace hazards and risks.
• Moving towards a child labour free Jordan - Final evaluation Going beyond the ratification of Conventions, a national framework is very important to support action to combat child labour in a country. A national framework not only gives an official mandate to relevant ministries and organisations to act on the issue but it also serves as a common platform for the coordination of efforts and division of roles and responsibilities.
• Skills development, employment services and local economic recovery for the construction sector - Final Evaluation Monitoring and evaluation is a resource-consuming input for the successful implementation of a project. This must be considered when the number and composition of staff for a project is developed.
• Skills development, employment services and local economic recovery for the construction sector - Final Evaluation The lack of follow-on service after vocational training (even after vocational education) is a clear sign that the Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) system in Lebanon needs reform inputs. Interventions such as shortterm training need to be embedded in a modern TVET system. They should not be an isolated action, otherwise such training programmes represent another dead-end street for the trainees. Advanced training, or further opportunities using the experience of such short term training for further professional career development, are important pieces of a modern TVET system.
• Skills development, employment services and local economic recovery for the construction sector - Final Evaluation Without special follow-up services, it would be difficult to achieve good success rates for (young) women (such activities could include internships or post-training employment placements).
• Skills development, employment services and local economic recovery for the construction sector - Final Evaluation Participatory development of the curricula for the short-term training: The active inclusion of practitioners/employers, schoolteachers, and international and national experts was practised for the first time in Lebanon and shall be used in future for comparable activities.
• Skills development, employment services and local economic recovery for the construction sector - Final Evaluation During the planning phase, the indicators to measure the achievement of the objectives should be fully developed (related to outcome/results and the output). This may help to design, from the beginning, realistic indicators for both aspects and may avoid an excessive output orientation (while neglecting the focus on the outcomes). From the outset, these indicators shall be measurable, if possible by quantitative data, otherwise by clearly indicated qualitative methods and sources.
• Skills development, employment services and local economic recovery for the construction sector - Final Evaluation If there is a need to adapt the project’s design, objectives, etc., do it and do it in a transparent way. Reflect upon and discuss such adaptations closely with the steering committee.
• Improving the governance and protection mechanisms for labour migration in the Middle East & Advocacy Strategy on ILO's Domestic Workers Convention in the Arab States (C189) - Final Evaluation The design and implementation of a project needs to be more comprehensive than just adding different activities and components to each other without clear linkages; this applies to the overall approach, to the definition of responsibilities, to the interaction between different parties involved as well as to the allocation of resources.
• Improving the governance and protection mechanisms for labour migration in the Middle East & Advocacy Strategy on ILO's Domestic Workers Convention in the Arab States (C189) - Final Evaluation The absence of an adequate monitoring and reporting system makes it difficult to assess the progress and the impact of a project
• Improving the governance and protection mechanisms for labour migration in the Middle East & Advocacy Strategy on ILO's Domestic Workers Convention in the Arab States (C189) - Final Evaluation The flexibility in implementation resulting from an incomplete project design and facilitated by the absence of an oversight mechanism sometimes results in positive achievements, but needs to be limited to ensure better coherence of all components and closer interaction with other key actors of the ILO
• Improving the governance and protection mechanisms for labour migration in the Middle East & Advocacy Strategy on ILO's Domestic Workers Convention in the Arab States (C189) - Final Evaluation The successful implementation of an activity does not automatically result in a measurable impact; external factors linked to political changes and to changing priorities may delay achieving objectives, reason for which policy developments and resulting practical changes need to be considered in a long-term perspective
• Improving the governance and protection mechanisms for labour migration in the Middle East & Advocacy Strategy on ILO's Domestic Workers Convention in the Arab States (C189) - Final Evaluation Setting up a network of researchers requires a clear vision, a strategic plan to be developed and a consistent management to make the best use of its potential to reach out to target groups
• Assistance to strengthen the employment and training system of the national employment services - Final Evaluation ALMPs targeted at women need to take into account cultural norms and be reinforced with added provision of financial and other supports. The Self-Employment Programme has demonstrated this in a very clear way, as discussed below.
• Assistance to strengthen the employment and training system of the national employment services - Final Evaluation Quantitative and qualitative expectations for delivery of programmes to disadvantaged jobseekers need to be fully costed and tested before projects are launched. The Project has failed to meet some of the targets originally agreed and this needs careful examination to ensure lessons are learned from this failure.
• Assistance to strengthen the employment and training system of the national employment services - Final Evaluation The experience of the ILO Project in Albania has shown that, in line with other countries¿ experiences, well-designed and targeted active labour market programmes targeting disadvantaged groups attract the interest of enterprises even in a situation of contracting labour demand. However there is a need to be vigilant in the implementation of work subsidy programmes to ensure that displacement of existing workers does not happen. The revised generous trainee to established staff ratio agreed during the project implementation, needs to be monitored closely.
• Assistance to strengthen the employment and training system of the national employment services - Final Evaluation Training in ALMP evaluation has been instrumental in raising awareness among both front-line and management staff of the importance of monitoring, follow-up and gross and net impact measures. This has highlighted the lack of such an approach in the past with regard to mainstream NES ALMPs and the importance of reinforcing this area of NES work in the future.
• Assistance to strengthen the employment and training system of the national employment services - Final Evaluation Flexibility in programme design is a crucial factor in delivering innovative pilot projects. The ability to be flexible supported the project in its mandate for direct support to disadvantaged jobseekers. However as stated, displacement is an ever present danger in the pursuit of such flexibility.
• Assistance to strengthen the employment and training system of the national employment services - Final Evaluation Targeting of disadvantaged groups for participation in ALMPs needs to be carefully managed. Additional counselling and skills/competencies identification are crucial to a better match of jobseekers to jobs. The provision of on-the job training in particular requires that extra resources and effort on the part of NES be put into the matching (e.g. development of the IEP) and support processes.
• Evaluation of MIGSEC: Extending social security to African migrant workers and their families - RBSA Evalaution A number of ILO Conventions to protect migrant workers including conventions on social security have not been ratified by many African countries due to various national limitations. MIGSEC has demonstrated that one good way to overcome national limitations to the social security rights of migrant workers is to work through, and help strengthen, existing bilateral and multilateral treaties such as EAC, CIPRES, SADC and ECOWAS.
• Evaluation of MIGSEC: Extending social security to African migrant workers and their families - RBSA Evalaution In recent times, female migration is on the increase almost leveling off 50-50 with male migration, and in Africa that brings to the fore the problem of the high vulnerability of female migrants to abuse, including human trafficking for such socially unacceptable practices like child prostitution.
• Evaluation of MIGSEC: Extending social security to African migrant workers and their families - RBSA Evalaution Despite the high labour mobility within Africa, only very few bilateral agreements have been ratified among African countries. MIGSEC correctly identified and worked on the need to strengthen the capacity of social security policy makers and administrators to ensure that social security provisions and mechanisms agreed upon adequately match the priority needs and social context of beneficiary migrant workers and their families.
• Evaluation of MIGSEC: Extending social security to African migrant workers and their families - RBSA Evalaution MIGSEC is an ILO practical attempt in Africa to give meaning to the ILO Conventions 118 and 157, respectively on Equality of Treatment (Social security) 1962; and Maintenance of Social Security Rights, 1982 for the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Their Families. And considering the intricate socio-economico-political challenges in altering the legislations of countries to provide for the protection of migrant workers’ social security rights, it is overly ambitious to expect that MIGSEC could have achieved more within the time space of 3 years.
• Evaluation of MIGSEC: Extending social security to African migrant workers and their families - RBSA Evalaution The main limiting factor with voluntary insurance as a means of extending social security coverage to African migrant workers is the fact that the contributors, who are mainly self-employed in the informal sector, have to pay the entire contribution by themselves, as they do not have the benefit of employer’s contribution, and that tends to discourage most voluntary contributors.
• Evaluation of MIGSEC: Extending social security to African migrant workers and their families - RBSA Evalaution The ILO worked closely with ECASSA (East and Central African Social Security Association); and both entities turned out to be very important partners in the implementation of the project, especially in the EAC region.
• Evaluation of MIGSEC: Extending social security to African migrant workers and their families - RBSA Evalaution Considering the small proportions of people working in the formal economy in most African countries, MICSEC realized the need to investigate and develop alternative approaches for extending the social security coverage of migrant workers and their families. The lesson learnt from the studies conducted under MIGSEC’s sponsorship is that community based initiatives are important alternative sources of social protection.
• Support to development in industrial relations, wage fixing and labour law implementation institutions and capacity in Viet Nam - Final Evaluation The bottom-up approach in union restructuring in the trade union pilots in Vietnam and how to set it up, has been one of the project’s strengths, and has already led many enterprises in the country to replicate it.
  
  The specific lessons learned under Pilot 1 are as follows:
  - Different types/groups of workers have different interests, experiences and attitudes. The union organisers must find out the characteristics of each group before approaching them. As mentioned in Chapter 2, the union organisers should not only focus on the individual level in organising but the organisational level because this approach is more sustainable. For instance, if the company is dominated by the migrant workers, it is important to understand the lifestyles, difficulties and interests of the migrant workers to make sure that the union can address their issues better.
  - Guidance and support to the newly-elected union executive board should be made as soon as possible. The specialisation of the two teams (organising and support) in Dong Nai IZU is a good model for other immediate UTUs.
  
• Support to development in industrial relations, wage fixing and labour law implementation institutions and capacity in Viet Nam - Final Evaluation Enforcement of legislation requires considerable resources (in terms of manpower, infrastructure and funds). Thus, development and amendments processes to legal frameworks must be simultaneously done with costing strategies to ascertain the resources required in enforcement. In other words, in order for new legislation to be effective, the costs of implementation should be calculated and the appropriate legislative, executive and judicial authorities should make commitments to establish, strengthen or expand the coverage of the institutions and programmes necessary for implementation.
• Creating a conducive environment for the effective recognition and implementation of fundamental principles and rights at work in Egypt - Final evaluation Working on issues pertaining to freedom of association and collective bargaining in Egypt is a complicated process. It requires the coordination with various entities most notably the Ministry of Manpower and Migration. Developing a protocol of cooperation between the project and the ministry at the beginning of the project could have saved the project many unnecessary delays.
• Creating a conducive environment for the effective recognition and implementation of fundamental principles and rights at work in Egypt - Final evaluation Lack of a comprehensive M&E system affects all aspects of the project. M&E systems should be developed immediately following the signing of agreements with donors. The system should clearly state a project goal, develop vertical and horizontal linkages amongst the objectives and outputs, and design M&E processes and tools.
• Decent employment for youth project in Egypt - Final Evaluation This is related to the results-based matrix/LFA and related PMF: This final evaluation has assessed it to be learning point that ILO technical assistance projects similar to DJEP (addressing different levels in society) should try not have more than three comprehensive outcomes related/tied to the different levels in society that the Project plans to address: national policy level, governance/province/district level as well as local/community level. This would be more manageable and also result in fewer outputs –which nevertheless should be tangible and not phrased as activities.
• Decent employment for youth project in Egypt - Final Evaluation In the case of DJEP, a M&E staff member was added after 2015, after the Mid Term Evaluation, which was very useful. The lesson is however, that this should have been the staff set up from the beginning. ILO Projects need to have dedicated M&E staff to work on Project Monitoring Framework, Logical Framework Analysis and Theory of Change in projects from the start, to help project managers follow up and report on progress.
• Decent employment for youth project in Egypt - Final Evaluation Workers' and Employers' organisations are not often mentioned in DJEP´s progress reports, other than as participants in workshops/training events. Neither are the relevant departments of ILO Headquarters representing and addressing workers activities (ACTRAV) and employers' activities (ACT/EMP).
• Decent employment for youth project in Egypt - Final Evaluation The project strategy has been to work on macro, mezzo and micro levels with the supply and demand sides of the job market to reach the stated outcomes. It has combined advocacy-oriented activities and policy work with capacity building at the national level and implementation of youth employment initiatives. In applying an integrated multi-dimensional approach, the Project has aimed at contributing to the development of youth employment initiatives, together with national and local development partners, civil society and the private sector.
• Making Decent Work a Reality for Domestic Workers - Final evaluation A strategy on domestic workers cannot be steered unless ownership is given to others beyond ILO staff and tripartite partners. When developing national plans of action, include a focus also on ministerial departments beyond the ministry of labour. A strategy on domestic workers must be steered with those in these specialised areas taking ownership of domestic workers as an important category of workers, but with someone taking the lead and overall steering the process. Having ILO staff at hand at all times to provide quick answers to many legal labour questions is essential whilst national legislation is being formulated, particularly when a category of workers (domestic workers) is a new area of focus.
• Making Decent Work a Reality for Domestic Workers - Final evaluation A key success factor in many countries stems from an in-depth knowledge of political dimensions. In-depth and detailed knowledge of the policy process is essential for national work around domestic workers (and workers rights generally). This includes a knowledge of proper procedures, how to submit realistic and contextual advocacy and evidence based materials to Parliament, timing issues, knowledge of parliamentary committees and subgroups and an assessment of who would be sympathetic to the plight of domestic workers.
• Making Decent Work a Reality for Domestic Workers - Final evaluation The effect of new ideas, concepts or ideology around the rights of domestic workers cannot be determined during a two-year period. Much work remains to establish domestic workers as workers in their own right. Cultural dimensions around domestic workers are deeply biased and hard to change.
• Monitoring and Assessing Decent Work in Developing Countries (MAP) -Two Volumes - Final Evaluation Several factors, including: solid political and constituent commitment, institutional capacity, and availability of relevant statistics at the outset of the process were important contributors to an enabling environment that facilitated the successful implementation and enhanced constituent ownership of the decent work indicators and Profiles in the pilot countries. This lesson learned links to the Specific Objective 1 of the Project “National partners strengthen their capacity to self-monitor and self-assess progress towards decent work”, particularly Result 1: “In the pilot countries decent work indicators are identified in consultation with governments and national partners and statistics are produced and analysed in line with national decent work strategies and ILO Decent Work Country Programmes.
• Monitoring and Assessing Decent Work in Developing Countries (MAP) -Two Volumes - Final Evaluation The assumption in the project design of the availability of ILO regular staff (focal points) in the field to carry out MAP duties was overly optimistic, resulting in some delays. The project only provided for the CTA, a project assistant (50%) and two regional coordinators (Latin America, Asia) who were only funded for a part of the project’s lifespan.
• Monitoring and Assessing Decent Work in Developing Countries (MAP) -Two Volumes - Final Evaluation The consensus-building tripartite process used by MAP to identify and validate indicators and Decent Work Country Profiles was in important factor of its success. This lesson learned links to the Specific Objective 1 of the Project “National partners strengthen their capacity to self-monitor and self-assess progress towards DW and its “Result 2”: In the pilot countries, government, social partners and other stakeholders are more aware of the dimensions of the level of decent work in the country, their capacity to carry out research related to decent work has increased and ownership of the concept of decent work has increased”
• Sustaining competitive and responsible enterprises GLOBAL Component (SCORE) - Mid Term Evaluation Focusing on SCORE Module 1 at the beginning of the project, combined with a step-by-step implementation cycle as applied in Indonesia, makes fast results possible which can be used for marketing and communication activities in the early stages of the project.
• Supporting prosperity and economic development in Algeria by supporting skills and labour market insertion of university graduates (2nd and 3rd phases) - Final evaluation Le projet a été exécuté localement mais avec un pilotage centralisé ; de ce fait, il a connu certaines difficultés logistiques et d’ajustement qui sont communes à la mise en place de dynamiques entre institutions, au niveau central et au niveau décentralisé. Un mécanisme local de pilotage ou de coordination aurait pu servir de : i) courroie pour transmettre les informations entre le niveau central et le niveau décentralisé de pilotage et, ii) mécanisme de gestion et de prévention des conflits.
• Supporting prosperity and economic development in Algeria by supporting skills and labour market insertion of university graduates (2nd and 3rd phases) - Final evaluation Les formateurs animant les sessions TRE, CRE, CDC et ME au sein des universités sont des volontaires travaillant sur le projet ; ils sont des acteurs clés et effectuent des heures supplémentaires gratuitement. Cependant une politique réfléchie de désengagement suppose l’institutionnalisation des structures d’interface de l’employabilité
• Supporting the establishment of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Lao PDR and the extension of coverage - Final Evaluation Need for a thorough risk assessment including adequate risk analysis and risk mitigation.
• Supporting the establishment of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Lao PDR and the extension of coverage - Final Evaluation Need to include specific gender objectives/outputs/activities in the project document.
• Supporting the establishment of the National Health Insurance Scheme in Lao PDR and the extension of coverage - Final Evaluation ILO should deploy resources so as to maximize its strengths, in particular its acknowledged technical expertise in the area of social protection.
• Enhancing the vocational rehabilitation and employment services for people with disabilities in Oman - Final Evaluation The absence of a coordinating steering body is a serious challenge: The national management of the portfolio of disability in general and vocational rehabilitation and employment in particular require a horizontal mechanism for coordination and follow-up, as progress in this area requires the involvement of several ministries and public institutions as well as civil society. The failure of the high committee of disability and its related sub-committees, including the sub-committee on vocational rehabilitation and employment, has created a real vacuum in terms of coordination and monitoring. Therefore, two options are suggested to overcome this vacuum: either the high national committee and its related sub-committees should be reinforced and given more dynamism through a decree from the Sultan’s office, or a national council for disability should be established to function as a coordinating/executive horizontal body.
• Enhancing the vocational rehabilitation and employment services for people with disabilities in Oman - Final Evaluation Communication and advocacy are key aspects in enhancing vocational rehabilitation and the employment of PwD. The evaluation process has revealed that certain key national counterparts were not well-informed about the project. Moreover, other national counterparts interviewed claimed that – vis-à-vis the public, decision makers, PwD themselves and their families – there was an absence of awareness tools and effort in relation to the promotion of the rights, perspectives, and employment of PwD as well as the added value of vocational rehabilitation. Furthermore, a wide range of private sector companies are not aware of the quota of 2% for the employment of PwD in companies with more than 50 employees. As a result of these findings, the next phase of the project must place increased emphasis on an integrated dimension of communication and advocacy to better promote the project and the cause of the employment and vocational rehabilitation of PwD.
• Enhancing the vocational rehabilitation and employment services for people with disabilities in Oman - Final Evaluation A gender dimension was not explicit within the project. Statistics indicate that, in the whole of Oman, only 23 female PwD are working (representing 15% of the total of 154 working PwD). Such a low figure requires that a gender dimension be explicitly included in any future phase of the project to tackle the vocational rehabilitation and employment of female PwD. This has to start with a deep analysis of the life conditions of female PwD to determine the sources of inequality in their access to education, rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation and employment, to include the definition of practical and strategic gender needs. The latter must be reflected in a specific and immediate objective within particular outputs promoting the development of programmes of rehabilitation in defined sectors, while also increasing gender awareness and mobilizing women’s groups and organizations as key partners.
• Enhancing the vocational rehabilitation and employment services for people with disabilities in Oman - Final Evaluation The placement of PwD should not be considered as the end of the process. In fact, working PwD interviewed during the final evaluation who had obtained their job opportunities through the placement services of the Ministry of Manpower revealed that once they were placed in a professional job, government action almost reached a dead end. No follow-up is taking place to ensure that the employer respects the terms of the contract or the labour rights of the PwD, or to ensure that the employer has rehabilitated the work place or work station in which the PwD is working, in terms of accessibility or being adequate to the needs of the employee. Hence, institutional development is required in the employment offices of the Ministry of Labour to establish a follow-up section for employed PwD, with the mission of carrying out regular, individualized follow-up of the different PwD employed.
• Enhancing the vocational rehabilitation and employment services for people with disabilities in Oman - Final Evaluation The vocational rehabilitation of PwD in Oman is weak and at an early stage of development There is only one center specializing in specific disabilities (hearing and physical disabilities). The options for vocational rehabilitation are very limited and traditional, and are not up to date (Only carpentry for hearing PwD, tailoring for physical disability...). Some categories of disabilities lack vocational training services, particularly learning difficulties and visual disabilities. Ordinary vocational centers are still not accessible to PwD. There are no norms and standards for pre-vocational rehabilitation in harmony with vocational rehabilitation. There are shortcomings in terms of expertise and trainers specialized by category of disability. Hence, intensive development efforts should be undertaken to improve the existing infrastructure and services for vocational rehabilitation, as this is the key causality factor in the employment of PwD. Even with strong placement infrastructure and the imposition of a quota, quantitative indicators on the employment of PwD will not improve significantly until the vocational qualifications of PwD are enhanced.
• Développement économique et plan d'action régionale par la création d'emplois décents pour les jeunes en Tunisie - Évaluation Finale La résilience des intervenants, dans un contexte très difficile, a permis de surmonter les défis et de ce fait de gagner la confiance des partenaires et des comités locaux, ce qui a contribué à garantir la réalisation des premières actions du projet.
• Développement économique et plan d'action régionale par la création d'emplois décents pour les jeunes en Tunisie - Évaluation Finale Le projet a fait la preuve que les problèmes d’emplois peuvent être très bien réglés aux niveaux local et régional, plutôt qu’au niveau central et ce, grâce aux acteurs eux-mêmes. Cet aspect devrait faire l’objet d’une large sensibilisation et de communication.
• Développement économique et plan d'action régionale par la création d'emplois décents pour les jeunes en Tunisie - Évaluation Finale La capacité des coordinateurs régionaux à préparer le cadre de collaboration au niveau régional et à mobiliser les acteurs locaux autour du projet constitue un des facteurs clés de la réussite du projet.
• Développement économique et plan d'action régionale par la création d'emplois décents pour les jeunes en Tunisie - Évaluation Finale Le projet a aussi démontré combien on peut accomplir des résultats très performants avec l’expertise nationale et des ressources régionales aussi minimales soient-elles.
• Développement économique et plan d'action régionale par la création d'emplois décents pour les jeunes en Tunisie - Évaluation Finale Une leçon qui est plutôt une faiblesse à corriger: la communication a été essentiellement et pratiquement axée au niveau régional voire local, ce qui est bien limité. Il y avait une pertinence à l’étendre au niveau national en s’appuyant notamment sur les résultats atteints afin de promouvoir de telles stratégies pour l’emploi décent des jeunes.
• Développement économique et plan d'action régionale par la création d'emplois décents pour les jeunes en Tunisie - Évaluation Finale L’approche adoptée a réussi à instaurer un dialogue local permettant de mobiliser les acteurs locaux pour appuyer le projet. L’expérience a démontré combien cette approche par plans d’action régionaux peut produire un impact sur le développement local, la création d’emploi et par conséquent la lutte contre la pauvreté.
• Développement économique et plan d'action régionale par la création d'emplois décents pour les jeunes en Tunisie - Évaluation Finale Le fait pour le projet d’avoir été le bras exécutoire du Plan d’Actions Régionaux pour l’Emploi des Jeunes a permis de dérouler les actions de sa mise en œuvre sur des structures de base existantes et appropriées mais aussi facilitatrices de l’efficience du projet.
• Apoyo al desarrollo de politicas públicas para la promoción de las cooperativas en Bolivia - Evaluación RBSA El trabajo en equipo ha sido el factor más importante que explica que en el BOL 107 se hayan podido llevar a cabo una gran cantidad de actividades paralelas, complejas y variadas, de carácter técnico, político, administrativo y logístico.
• Apoyo al desarrollo de politicas públicas para la promoción de las cooperativas en Bolivia - Evaluación RBSA Un factor que ha contribuido a la eficiencia de la gestión ha sido la imagen positiva de la OIT. Esto facilitó la tarea del coordinador de establecer relaciones con los diferentes sectores y promover la discusión entre ellos.
• Apoyo al desarrollo de politicas públicas para la promoción de las cooperativas en Bolivia - Evaluación RBSA En cambio, hay factores del entorno del CPO que pueden influir negativamente en alcanzar los resultados esperados en el plazo previsto. En el caso del BOL 107 dos de estos factores son la ausencia de consultores especialistas en cooperativas, y los plazos extensos del sector cooperativo para consensuar una Ley y del sector público para aprobarla.
• Apoyo al desarrollo de politicas públicas para la promoción de las cooperativas en Bolivia - Evaluación RBSA Ha sido importante para la OIT tener en cuenta los diferentes intereses particulares y/o prioridades de las instituciones involucradas en la ejecución, y aprovechar estas consideraciones para obtener apoyos políticos importantes para la consecución de las metas previstas.
• Reducing vulnerability to bondage in India through promotion of decent work (RVBIPDW) for projects GLO/06/58/UKM, GLO/06/59/NET, INT/04/67/IRL and RBSA - Midterm Cluster Evaluation It would seem that Reducing vulnerability to bondage in India through promotion of decent work (RVBIPDW) is not a ‘project’ in a real sense of the term. There is no clear timeline for project completion, no long term fund commitment, no partnership agreement with local government partner clearly delineating individual roles and responsibilities in project implementation, etc. Considering the complex nature of the issues, a more realistic timeline, committed long term funding, greater role for the local state partner, would ensure achievement of the expected results in a more sustainable manner. Projects of this nature rise many expectations on the ground. The real potential of the model being tested does not get realized. This results in skeptics not being answered and a clearly replicable model not emerging at the end of the project period. This is a useful lesson to keep in perspective while designing future projects.
• Reducing vulnerability to bondage in India through promotion of decent work (RVBIPDW) for projects GLO/06/58/UKM, GLO/06/59/NET, INT/04/67/IRL and RBSA - Midterm Cluster Evaluation Need for institutionalizing project implementation & ring fencing operational aspects optimizes impact. A frequent change of District Collectors in one of the project districts has resulted in some discontinuity and lack of adequate support for project coordinators. Further, individual incumbents’ tendency to drive the implementation with different agencies (Initially with District Literacy Mission, then with District National Child Labour Project Society, for ex.) resulted in loss of valuable time and need for capacity building to different stakeholders each time. Lack of clear operational guidelines on project implementation indicating the lead agency at the District or Block level, timelines etc. from the State Government compounded the problem. Embedding the project implementation within the governmental systems and ensuring some fund flow from ILO to the government agency (however small) will ensure greater ownership on the part of the government and commitment of human and financial resources to ensure long term sustainability. Clear operational guidelines on implementation issues could mitigate against potential delay, lack of focus, and bureaucratic bottlenecks. Such an institutional mechanism will build the capacities of the concerned government department, builds ownership, and buy in from State partner.
• Reducing vulnerability to bondage in India through promotion of decent work (RVBIPDW) for projects GLO/06/58/UKM, GLO/06/59/NET, INT/04/67/IRL and RBSA - Midterm Cluster Evaluation The emerging lesson is that if the State government plays a proactive role, it can lead to significant impact in terms of addressing the core issues of setting up workers pool, formal agreements between the workers and the owners of the brick kilns/rice mills, etc. Trying these processes/tools in a single bloc/taluk or one district will not achieve major results. Considering the high degree of inter-state and inter-district migration in India and the well documented evidence of vulnerability to bondage, a strong lesson that emerges is the need for a GoI program and institutional architecture to address the issue at national level. Integrating his with social security schemes and enforcement activities at operational level will help. This can be done with appropriate sensitization of government staff at different levels and enlisting cooperation of employers. Convergence and coordination among different governmental agencies is crucial for reaching out to migrant target group and ensuring that they break out of bondage and also get easy access to all intended government schemes.
• Development of a tripartite framework for the support and protection of Ethiopian and Somali women domestic migrant workers to the GCC states, Lebanon and Sudan - Midterm Evaluation Intended to focus on capacity building for legal migration of DWs, the project has successfully accommodated activities on re-integration, an unforeseen development which the ILO and partners have addressed in a creative manner. The issue of large-scale re-integration of returnees caught the project management unawares as about 163,000 MDWs were repatriated from Saudi Arabia in October 2013. Government with the support by ILO and partners mobilized available resources and moved the project to address the challenge of receiving and re-integrating the returnees. This should serve as an important lesson to all concerned particularly the Government that the phenomenon of migration should be addressed in a comprehensive manner, through appropriate national policy and programme, which development partners might support.
• Development of a tripartite framework for Ethiopian and Somali women domestic migrant workers to the GCC states, Lebanon and Sudan - Final Evaluation An identified lesson learned is on the importance of being flexible and obtaining donor support to adjust project implementation when unexpected situations occur. Too frequently, implementers and donors insist on maintaining rigid logical frameworks—or even the newer Theory of Change (ToC)—in such situations. In the project that was evaluated, unexpected conditions occurred, specifically, the unexpected ban on migration and the expulsion of irregular migrants from Saudi Arabia.
• Social security quantitative training for Africa (Quatrain) - RBSA Final Evaluation The use of international staff for the delivery of modules at University of Mauritius and training at seminars, though rather expensive, is inevitable during the initial phase of this programme; but it provides an opportunity for management to reflect on cost-saving measures and resource mobilization strategies for the sustainability of the programme.
• Social security quantitative training for Africa (Quatrain) - RBSA Final Evaluation The German donation which started off this programme must be commended; but the rather narrow focus on the same donor for QUATRAIN AFRICA project is not justifiable, particularly since there is no guarantee of continued support by the Donor to this programme after the 2011.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término Fueron relevantes los documentos y publicaciones especializados de la OIT que se constituyeron en una fuente importante para el desarrollo de las actividades formativas. También vale decir respecto de la calidad de los expositores y la temática abordada en cada encuentro de divulgación y sensibilización.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término El Consejero Técnico Principal del Proyecto destacan en sus informes de progreso tres niveles de lecciones aprendidas, estos son: mejora de la base de conocimientos, estrategias para cuestiones temáticas, y desarrollo de capacidades y trabajo con socios de la OIT.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término En lo que respecta al primer punto, se señala el papel de la formación en el fortalecimiento de capacidades personales e institucionales de los mandantes y, en particular, el rol del empleo de herramientas adecuadas para ese fin.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término La elaboración del Boletín sobre Protección Social y la concreción de la Red de Expertos en Protección Social han gravitado positivamente para la mejora del conocimiento y el intercambio de información.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término El Conversatorio Intergeneracional sobre Previsión Social ha permitido conocer opiniones y percepciones que tiene las personas desde sus propias experiencias sobre el tema de la seguridad social, fomentando con ello el proceso de internalización de los conocimientos.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término El papel de la formación es clave en el fortalecimiento de capacidades personales e institucionales de los mandantes, el Proyecto ha confirmado que las metodologías participativas son muy eficaces y útiles para fomentar el proceso de internalización de los conocimientos.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término El hecho de haber facilitado información, experiencias y mecanismos sobre la protección social a las instituciones del Estado, a las organizaciones sociales, empresariales y sindicales, permitió una rápida difusión de la previsión social entre todos estos beneficiarios del programa, aportando conocimiento para las actividades de difusión, propiciando espacios de diálogo, enriquecimiento de los debates y favorecer la socialización de propuestas.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término En cuanto a las estrategias para cuestiones temáticas, se ha reconocido y valorado la especialización de las instituciones participantes en la formación y la colaboración de los Puntos Focales del Proyecto y/o representantes de los mandantes en Protección Social.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término El alto grado de pertinencia de las temáticas tratadas, despierta el entusiasmo y la excelente predisposición de los participantes a seguir profundizando en los conocimientos sobre los derechos de la protección social.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término La constante rotación de los funcionarios responsables de la gestión de la seguridad social en los países afecta el desarrollo del proyecto por cuanto se dilatan la toma de decisiones debería considerarse la constitución de comités integrados por un cuerpo de funcionarios para limitar los efectos de esta situación.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término Proyectos con la coordinación de la OIT y la colaboración de la OISS facilitan la inserción en los países de la región por la importancia relativa que tiene estas instituciones.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término Los procesos de gestión de los recursos operativos y la selección del Consejero Técnico Principal demoran el inicio de la ejecución, lo que obliga a la reprogramación y redefinición de actividades. Esto debe tomarse en consideración en el momento de definir los alcances del programa, fechas de realización y ejecución, y la definición de mejores mecanismos de reprogramación.
• Proyecto para la extensión de la protección social en los países de la subregión andina; Bolivia, Ecuador y Perú - Evaluación Medio Término La elección del Centro Internacional de Formación de la OIT (Turín) y la concreción de seminarios de participación tripartita (gobierno, trabajadores y sector empresarial) además de complementar actividades comunes, se maximiza el impacto y los recursos humanos y financieros utilizados.
• Enhancing Rural Access - Rural roads rehabilitation and maintenance (RDP IV) - Final Evaluation Two of the three expected results from ERA were related to building the capacity of small road contractors to implement rural road rehabilitation and maintenance activities. The capacity building addressed both technical labour-based road construction and also business and contract management. The ERA training, trial contract and coaching activities have demonstrated that the entrepreneurs who establish and operate the small construction contracting businesses need to develop their skills in cash flow management, preparing tender quotations and managing contract implementation in addition to the expected general business management skill development.
• Enhancing Rural Access - Rural roads rehabilitation and maintenance (RDP IV) - Final Evaluation The first results area for the ERA project was to improve rural roads in the target districts. This was to be achieved by using trial construction contracts to rehabilitate rural roads prioritized by the GoTL. When upgrading rural roads, more detailed traffic analysis is needed to assess if upgrading the road will lead to diversion of additional traffic that would change the design requirements for the road.
• Enhancing Rural Access - Rural roads rehabilitation and maintenance (RDP IV) - Final Evaluation Two of the three expected results from ERA were related to building the capacity of small road contractors to implement rural road rehabilitation and maintenance activities. The capacity building addressed both technical labour-based road construction and also business and contract management.
  The early training activities undertaken by Don Bosco and IADE found that some of the nominated contracting company directors, engineers or supervisors did not have a basic understanding of road construction or business management. This led to course participants being failed on completion as not achieving the basic standards set by the course and wasting valuable training time and resources and seats in the courses being offered.
  A process of initial screening of possible contractors and then pre-testing trainees on the first day of the training activity was introduced to reduce the problem. This pre-test was also used as part of the course assessment.
  
• Tripartite action to protect migrants from labour exploitation (ASEAN TRIANGLE) - Midterm evaluation A well designed project with a coherent intervention logic meets approval of all parties involved and encourages a committed approach of implementing partners. The ASEAN Secretariat, SLOM, ACMW, ACE and ATUC were consulted on the needs for a regional project and the objectives were clearly defined in terms of potential outcomes and indicative activities.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants from labour exploitation (ASEAN TRIANGLE) - Midterm evaluation Sufficient staff resources need to be allocated in order to facilitate project implementation.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants from labour exploitation (ASEAN TRIANGLE) - Midterm evaluation Sharing of collective knowledge and expertise enhances the capacity of all those involved through possibilities of cooperation and collaboration
• Tripartite action to protect migrants from labour exploitation (ASEAN TRIANGLE) - Midterm evaluation The commitment of all partners is central to achieve sizeable results for the benefit of migrant workers
• Tripartite action to protect migrants from labour exploitation (ASEAN TRIANGLE) - Midterm evaluation Mobilizing public authorities at all levels to engage in a project is a challenge
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation Less may be more: There are lessons to be learnt on providing deeper knowledge to fewer issues and increase quality of ILO’s technical cooperation and how to make this attractive/acceptable to the development partners.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation ILO HQ must avoid letting politics influence the implementation of technical cooperation activities. There are lessons to be learnt from the delays of the Training programme - resulting from the internal debate involving different departments of ILO on whether or not to undertake the mapping study on the status of trade unions/workers organisations in the RMG sector.
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation Trade union capacity building: There are lessons to be learnt regarding genuine representation of trade unions in RMG sector and their selection/nomination/participation in project events. More efforts need to be invested in this issue before the start-up of project activities involving unions in Bangladesh. This should have been highest on the agenda.
• Projet de modernisation, de renforcement et de dynamisation de l'administration et de l'inspection du travail de sept pays d'Afrique francophone (LABADMIN) Phase I - Final Evaluation Dans la mise en oeuvre du projet, la définition des priorités au plan national a été instructive car elle a permis d’identifier les préoccupations spécifiques à chaque pays et de les faire prendre en charge par le projet.
• Projet de modernisation, de renforcement et de dynamisation de l'administration et de l'inspection du travail de sept pays d'Afrique francophone (LABADMIN) Phase I - Final Evaluation Le plaidoyer auprès des autorités peut contribuer à impulser une dynamique d’amélioration des moyens et conditions de travail des Inspections du Travail ;
• Projet de modernisation, de renforcement et de dynamisation de l'administration et de l'inspection du travail de sept pays d'Afrique francophone (LABADMIN) Phase I - Final Evaluation Le bon pilotage du projet doit beaucoup à la mise en place des Groupe Tripartite du Travail et à l’approche participative
• Projet de modernisation, de renforcement et de dynamisation de l'administration et de l'inspection du travail de sept pays d'Afrique francophone (LABADMIN) Phase I - Final Evaluation Le recours à l’expertise locale pour concevoir et élaborer, de manière participative, le guide méthodologique destiné à l’Administration du Travail a permis de prendre en compte le contexte, la législation et les pratiques propres à chaque pays
• Youth at work: partnership for employment of young women and men in Morocco - Final Evaluation Mode opératoire
  La meilleure approche pour promouvoir et développer l’employabilité et surtout l’entrepreneuriat, est une approche basée sur un système intégré c’est-à-dire formation technique puis accompagnement jusqu’à la création de l’affaire, avec ultérieurement un suivi pour un minimum de temps. Les modules de formation classique sont trop académiques et très peu adaptés à développer l’employabilité d’où la pertinence d’une formation professionnelle spécialisée comme l’entrepreneuriat. Au niveau des jeunes il y a un besoin de savoir dans les techniques de recherche d’emploi et aussi comment se tracer une vision professionnelle pour l’avenir, conformément à leurs aspirations et leurs ambitions.
  
  Le ciblage des bénéficiaires
  Il a été démontré que le mariage entre le jeune porteur de projet et son idée de projet est crucial pour le succès de l’entreprise à créer. La pertinence et l’efficacité de cibler particulièrement les jeunes défavorisés et déscolarisés ainsi que les universitaires sans emploi avec des outils adaptés ont été démontrées. L’importance d'une approche holistique dans l’appui aux jeunes et surtout aux femmes, avec un paquet complet de services humains, techniques et financiers. Les interventions du Fonds PJPJ ont servi de test dont les résultats sont susceptibles d’orienter de futures initiatives.
• Youth at work: partnership for employment of young women and men in Morocco - Final Evaluation L’appui en renforcement de capacités apporté aux femmes entrepreneurs en tant qu’association leur a permis de comprendre quel est le meilleur modèle d’organisation et de gestion pour leurs associations. Les femmes bénéficiaires, le plus souvent, sont assidues et plus appliquées que leurs homologues masculins. Elles tendent à manifester une plus grande confiance en soi dans la prise d’initiative. Autant de caractéristiques favorables pour le développement de l’entrepreneuriat féminin.
• Youth at work: partnership for employment of young women and men in Morocco - Final Evaluation Le principe du volontariat requis des facilitateurs ne suffit pas comme facteur de mobilisation pour que ces derniers, non seulement se conforment au processus d’accréditation, mais aussi pour assurer la démultiplication attendue d’eux en faveur des jeunes. La motivation et l’intérêt personnel du facilitateur sont primordiaux, sinon indispensables pour dispenser les prestations comme il est attendu d’eux.
• Youth at work: partnership for employment of young women and men in Morocco - Final Evaluation La pertinence et l’importance d’un appui et d’un suivi de proximité ont été démontrées par les résultats réalisés dans les trois régions pilotes
• Youth at work: partnership for employment of young women and men in Morocco - Final Evaluation La flexibilité dans la programmation est un facteur qui a permis au projet de s’adapter aux divers changements importants, qu’il s’agisse des orientations et engagements du Gouvernement, des caractéristiques du contexte national, ou qu’il soit question de variation de coûts financiers.
• Youth at work: partnership for employment of young women and men in Morocco - Final Evaluation La stratégie d’implication directe et de recours à l'expertise nationale pour la plupart des activités d’accompagnement des jeunes, ainsi que la mobilisation et le renforcement des capacités des partenaires locaux ont très largement contribué à assurer la pérennité des actions entreprises durant la vie du projet. Du coté des Universités, pour une meilleure implication de leur part par rapport à l’intégration consistante des outils du BIT, il aurait fallu une concertation directe avec les présidents d’Universités et les sensibiliser en conséquence et même au niveau du ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur.
• Global action programme on migrant domestic workers and their families - Final Evaluation Building teams for coordination is an important project management issue, as is the need for careful planning for typical delays inherent in a global project with so many collaborations and partnerships. Building teams and ensuring there are realistic time frames set is an important lessons learned. Good practice in project design and development focuses more and more on the project team and personal. When interviewing non-ILO project stakeholders in both the Ukraine and South Africa, many raised the fact that the ILO intermediary who interfaced with project partners had to be well trusted for the project to progress. Thus a lessons learned is that apart from their technical competence, there should always be a strong focus on the team and how they interact with project partners. A related project management issue is that this project experiencing implementation delays (although most outputs were delivered with the project extension). Although many issues were political and outside the control of project management, some could have been better planned for. For example collaboration between project partners (OHCHR and UN Women) and project associates (ITUC and IDWF) takes time for consultation and planning. A lack of national staff produced delays in the implementation of activities. The appointment of the CTA was delayed. Research took much longer than anticipated. In general, the primary focus should be on the ability of the project team to deliver ensuring that what is within the control of the project is delivered in a timely manner, anticipating delays.
• Global action programme on migrant domestic workers and their families - Final Evaluation High-level initiatives always require that migrant domestic workers voices remain a central focus (as the ultimate beneficiaries, or rights holders). It is imperative to always ensure project elements that provide support for Domestic Workers to organise The process of organizing domestic workers itself is extremely important for efforts to be sustained. This lesson learned came from:  SADSAWU in South Africa;  reports form earlier participatory action research with the Domestic Workers Union in Lebanon; and  interviews with the Migrant Rights Council of Ireland (MRCI). Evidence points to the importance of adapting a ‘community development’ perspective when bringing domestic workers together at the early stages of setting up structures to support them to organise. Where the project worked with domestic workers unions (SADSAWU in South Africa); considerable opportunities were in place to strengthen these unions or organisations. However it is worth remembering that global projects must target the organizations/institution that can contribute to policy change and potentially impact large numbers of women. To whatever extent a project bidding process allows, planning should be done in consultation with those organization that represent domestic workers or directly service them. Evidently, interaction with organization that represent domestic workers or directly service them should continue throughout project implementation to ensure the project remains on the right track, and continues to address the key issues affecting the ultimate beneficiaries.
• Global action programme on migrant domestic workers and their families - Final Evaluation Implement a corridor approach is challenging, but is important for ensuring both destination and receiving countries are aware of the situation of MDWs. Implementing a corridor approach allows for a focus on the complete migration cycle (pre departure, destination, return). With the focus on both the country of origin and the destination country, a deeper more complete analysis takes place. If a corridor approach is well implemented, it can bring achievements in terms of advancing bilateral relations between two countries. Thus a corridor approach is important for linking research results or field based realities of migrant domestic workers to policy in both countries. A corridor approach based on knowledge/lesson sharing vision requires strong and definite coordination arrangements between country offices, regional offices and headquarters of ILO with other stakeholders. However involving a wide range of stakeholders in the corridor approach helps to ensure the results of research on migrant domestic workers can be made accessible for use with policy makers. The GAP-MDW project demonstrated that for research to be used, a wide range of stakeholders must be involved in the research planning from the start. This will help to ensure the research fills in the gaps and goes in the direction that various (and diverse) stakeholders along the corridor feel are important. In some instances, this may slow down the process of initiating the research. On the other hand, it ensures buy-in and relevance.
• More and better jobs for women: women’s empowerment through decent work in Türkiye - Final Evaluation The project demonstrated need for (more) clear cooperation arrangements to be designed and planned early on. Should an envisaged cooperation not materialize, ILO needs rapidly re-assess the situation and identify and implement mitigation measures.
• More and better jobs for women: women’s empowerment through decent work in Türkiye - Final Evaluation Flexibility in project implementation allowed project partners to assume ownership and leadership for results achievement, while requiring additional management and coordination resources from ILO project team. This aspect should be reflected accordingly in the management structure and resources of a potential new project
• More and better jobs for women: women’s empowerment through decent work in Türkiye - Final Evaluation Efforts aiming to support the process of capacity development need to be tailored to the respective stakeholders, and employ a variety of complementary strategies. Capacity development requires time and needs to be embedded in sensitive organizational development.
• More and better jobs for women: women’s empowerment through decent work in Türkiye - Final Evaluation ILO was able to open/ keep open a space for the exchange of views between state and non-state actors. This had required intensive consultations and a plenty of diplomatic skills. Given the current political climate in Turkey that is characterized by trend to centralization of decision-making, it is particularly relevant to establish and maintain channels and formats of communication between various actors such as state and non-state stakeholders. This takes time and effort that need to be accordingly factored into the design of future interventions.
• Roads for Development (R4D) - Final Evaluation The involvement of key stakeholders to strategically engage and support the program is required R4D has struggled somewhat without the involvement of a high level governance/steering committee to help shape policy, strategic intent and direction and provide operational guidance. Without string program leadership R4D has the risk of being quite obsolete and aligned to personal priorities rather than broader strategic direction for the sector as a whole.
• Roads for Development (R4D) - Final Evaluation Capacity development is a popular area of focus, particularly for DFAT funded programs. However, without adequate structure and/or guidance or a detailed understanding of what is required, capacity building interventions are bound to have limited success. R4D has sought to engage and promote capacity development but opportunities have been somewhat limited to date. That said, there are some useful practical examples where R4D advisers have embedded themselves into the Ministry and have established sound working relationships with respective work units.
• Roads for Development (R4D) - Final Evaluation The R4D program has relied heavily on the promotion and engagement of high-quality technical specialists and staff. Unfortunately, some positions have remained vacant for a considerable period. This has placed increased workloads and responsibilities and the existing team. The ILO has a global network of technical specialists and staff, however it is unclear as to why it has been a challenge to attract and retain quality consultants and advisors. In addition, Technical Backstopping until recently has been a challenge.
• Roads for Development (R4D) - Final Evaluation The application and use of labour-based approaches is at the heart of all ILO approached. The key lesson is the evidence from the R4D program is that labour-based approaches are effective if applied and managed correctly. The provision of daily allowances provides considerable benefit to rural communities who tend to have limited access to paid labour.
• Roads for Development (R4D) - Final Evaluation A key component of the institutional support provided through R4D was the development of a RRMPIS. The document is a critical planning and implementation tool which provides greater legitimacy to R4D and provides a sound and productive basis for engagement not only between GoTL, DFAT and R4D but for the roads sector more generally.
• Roads for Development (R4D) - Final Evaluation Political support is primary condition for the success of any development program. Programs cannot function properly with government support and commitments both in terms of agreement, human capital and financial resources.
• Roads for Development (R4D) - Final Evaluation The use of a number of M&E methodologies to demonstrate change and impacts is essential in communicating clear messages about the success, or lack thereof, of a project intervention are critical. Importantly, simple yet rigorous M&E is critical in promoting effective utilisation-centred studies that generate relevant data and information for use by stakeholders.
• Enhancing Rural Access - Rural roads rehabilitation and maintenance (RDP IV) - Midterm Evaluation Enhanced Road Standards for Effective Maintenance and Sustainable Impact: Improved rural access is a national priority. A significant socio-economic impact is expected from improved access to services and markets. Gravel standard was perceived for a long time as sufficient for rural roads. However, experience has shown that the rural roads in TL in mountainous areas with high rainfalls deteriorate at a fast rate. This creates an unmanageable maintenance burden, negative environmental impacts, reduced socio-economic impacts and a rapid loss of initial investments. Enhanced engineering standards are thus the solution; carefully designed and constructed drainage structures, slope protection structures coupled with bio-engineering and carefully selected and well constructed alternative pavement options. This means higher initial investment cost, but allows constructing reliable access roads that can be maintained with the available resources and ensures a continued and possibly increasing socio-economic impact. This was realised by the ERA management and consequently requested for additional funds to build the ERA roads at least to a standard where upgrading to a paved surface standard would be possible.
• Enhancing Rural Access - Rural roads rehabilitation and maintenance (RDP IV) - Midterm Evaluation Accredited LB Training: For training to become fully effective and sustainable beyond a project’s limited time frame, accreditation by a national education authority is paramount. The ERA project has managed to accredit labour-based road construction courses together with contract and business management courses with the Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento de Mão de Obra (INDMO). This has been achieved through an integrated work approach where the ILO experts have been working directly with their counterparts. Through this not only have the courses been developed to a nationally accepted standard but also the capacity of the two training providers (Don Bosco and IADE) have been developed to be able to run the courses independently.
• Enhancing Rural Access - Rural roads rehabilitation and maintenance (RDP IV) - Midterm Evaluation Monitoring and Evaluation System with Integrated ‘Snapshot’ Impact Assessment Tool: To manage a project with diversified objectives and outcomes is a challenge. Project management as well as project partners need to be well informed about the project’s progress, effectiveness and efficiency, use of resources and challenges encountered. For the ERA project the challenge has been to be able to factually plan and monitor physical road works as well as parallel to it capacity building developments coupled with impact assessments. For this reasons ERA has developed a user-friendly M&E framework including community snapshots that are designed to assess the impact of the roads on the beneficiary communities.
• ILO-EC joint management agreement: knowledge sharing in early identification of skills needs - Final Evaluation Project formulation: While negotiation of a project timeframe has clear budget implications for a donor, realism about the practicability should prevail. Less research outputs would have been more appropriate for a 18 months' project time frame and should be considered for any future research project. Alternatively a longer time frame of 24 months for the same level of research outputs could be considered. The ILO should always try to fully reflect its poverty focus in research projects, regardless of the donor. Where this is not possible, project strategies on how to make research findings relevant to LDCs should be developed and implemented.
  
• ILO-EC joint management agreement: knowledge sharing in early identification of skills needs - Final Evaluation ILO ¿ EC cooperation: To address the fragmentation of the ILO-EC cooperation portfolio a more strategic approach would be desirable: rather than undertaking one-off initiatives, it would be better value for money to extend research in general to field level implementation or follow-up research. For cooperative projects with the EC, the ILO liaison office in Brussels can continue to play a key facilitation role, especially during the project formulation phase.
• ILO-EC joint management agreement: knowledge sharing in early identification of skills needs - Final Evaluation Exit strategy: The post-research phase needs to be addressed in the project document: the specific use of research results for example leading to training or the replication of the project at field level should be identified, even if it may appear aspirational and beyond the project¿s direct remit.
• ILO-EC joint management agreement: knowledge sharing in early identification of skills needs - Final Evaluation Project implementation. The parallel implementation of 3 research studies was mutually highly beneficial in this case but not necessarily replicable as it is too time-intensive for a small research team. The close involvement of ILO departments and key stakeholders during key stages of the research process (feedback rounds, validation meetings) increase the likelihood of awareness of the research, ownership of results and their subsequent use. This constitutes good practice and merits replication.
• ILO-EC joint management agreement: knowledge sharing in early identification of skills needs - Final Evaluation Project management: The project monitoring process, including deadlines need to be clearly agreed in the project document to avoid confusion or additional late demands for reporting that was previously not agreed. Overall, deadlines help research teams to focus and ensure that progress is made. When deadlines cannot be met, the need for postponement should be communicated with some lead time. Project timeframes need to be realistic and at the same time geared to feeding research results into the policy making processes. Having one technical contact point in the donor agency, as opposed to a non-technical one, would increase the efficiency of project management. The lead time for recruiting external researchers requires consideration so that the project timeframe can be shaped accordingly.
• Assessing and addressing the effects of trade on employment - Mid term evaluation 'Assessing and Addressing the effects of Trade and Employment' (ETE) project knowledge and assessment tools provide a useful approach for analysing the trade / employment nexus
• Assessing and addressing the effects of trade on employment - Mid term evaluation The Policy Working Group (PWG) approach looks innovative and promising. Beneficiaries from all three social partners appreciate the idea but have still a rather sceptical position regarding the future outcomes of such a new platform for debate. Is seems still unclear whether the PWG will really manage to enter a technical dialogue on trade and employment which will then lead to a policy dialogue and in the last instance to a policy adjustment.
• Community based emergency employment (cash for work) and reconstruction project - Final evaluation SALT or contour farming of leased land was a technique that successfully make use of untapped arable land while neatly matching with the resources, experience, knowledge, environmental/ecological concerns, organic farming approaches and financial capacity of local associations and local agricultural agencies. Although the approach should not be replicated without due consideration in other situations, it has great potential as an approach to livelihood recovery in hilly rural areas affected by natural disasters.
• Community based emergency employment (cash for work) and reconstruction project - Final evaluation Community contracting and IDP involvement in infrastructure reconstruction [including housing] while a challenge to implement could be successfully replicated in many post disaster situations and prove to be a significant source of new livelihood, where a massive amount of housing reconstruction is required. However it should be recognised that community contracting requiring more time, community organisation, effort and resources from project teams.
• Improving social protection and promoting employment - Final Evaluation The discussion and presentation of results during the Inter-regional Conference in Brussels in December 2012 would have benefited from more detailed exchange of country experiences in integrating social protection and employment policies and future challenges. The lesson here is that, for future projects, such experience sharing conferences would benefit from the contributions of both those involved at national level in political decision-making and those involved with providing technical know-how to the policy formulation process. As it was stated by the EU delegation in Honduras, there should be a higher level of pre-conference coordination to check up the contents of the presentation and recommend any modifications previous to the main event.
• Improving social protection and promoting employment - Final Evaluation The new integrated approach reveals a series of advantages that, if materialized, may help countries to improve the process of policy formulation and enhance the expected results and impacts on the population. However, the new approach put on the table for debating a series of. One of these topics refers to the scope and work of the Tripartite Commissions. The experience shows that, under a new policy approach as the one supported by the project, the institutional framework in which it relies should also experience important changes. Specifically, if the integrated approach promotes a broad concept of social promotion, then the scope of the social dialogue should be expanded too in order to incorporate all this range of groups and institutions that are now part of the concept.
• Improving social protection and promoting employment - Final Evaluation Problems with the institutional settings in low-income countries make difficult the implementation of the policy tools presented as part of this project during the training workshops. New simplified tools and a full reformulation of the existing information systems will contribute to advance toward enhanced institutional capacity to do more complex analyses.
• Improving social protection and promoting employment - Final Evaluation The CTAs had project management problems, in part, because the initiative had no specific metrics to follow-up the progress at the country level. Certainly general indicators exist but some opinions established that nation-specific metrics should exist because the internal conditions vary considerably from country to country. Keeping the same indicators, especially outcomes indicators, is necessary to guarantee comparability across countries but for monitoring purposes, intermediate indicators should exist. For future efforts, the lesson is that even if the scale of the project is small or the nature of its outputs is qualitative, each project should have a small set of relevant indicators, including OVI coefficients.
• Improving social protection and promoting employment - Final Evaluation There is a tendency between government officials and decision makers to separate employment from social protection. It is clear that they do not see clear linkages between those two areas in terms of effectiveness of policies, and concrete development actions. Therefore more advocacy and training in this particular is needed in order to design new interventions or new activities. In fact, some of the training sessions should be studying real cases where the clear understanding of this relationship had made the difference, in order to create conciseness majorly in the decision makers but also in technicians involved.
• Improving social protection and promoting employment - Final Evaluation Time lost during the first months of the project due to internal (slowly-implemented activities) and external causes (political unrest in Honduras and Burkina Faso) was critical to understand the short time devoted to National Policy Dialogue Forums and workshops to discuss results of the project. In other words, time is gold and losing too much time during the first stages may complicate the implementation of later activities, perhaps the most important of the project. Future initiatives should be aware of a series of issues before planning the calendar of implementation: the likelihood that something will go wrong (risk assessment), the time allocated to administrative issues (personnel and hiring of consultant) and the level of flexibility the project management guidelines offer in case any variation is required.
• Improving social protection and promoting employment - Final Evaluation The experience in Burkina Faso shows that this type of initiatives needs full-time local coordinators. Although the international expert who coordinated activities in Burkina Faso did a very good job, his part-time, long distance involvement was something that affected the smooth implementation of the project. It seems that the ideal local coordinator is a mix of the background and functions of the national coordinators hired for Cambodia and Honduras: a local person who works at the coordinating agency.
• Asignaciones de Fondos RBSA 2010-2011 en Apoyo a Organizaciones de Trabajadores y Organizaciones de Empleadores  El hecho de que los fondos RBSA tengan tal flexibilidad fue sumamente valorada por los funcionarios de OIT y resultó beneficioso para su adecuada ejecución. En la práctica, la RBSA a pesar de brindar en algunos casos montos pequeños, se convierte en un efectivo soporte para todo el sistema por lo que se debe continuar proveyendo de estos fondos. o La flexibilidad de los fondos RBSA para poder apoyar o complementar actividades o proyectos en curso en el marco de procesos que se van generando con las organizaciones de trabajadores o empleadores, permite a los especialistas responder a necesidades o brechas existentes de éstas organizaciones, es decir con criterio de pertinencia, pero además de oportunidad aspecto que es de suma importancia para fortalecer las sinergias en las líneas de trabajo de la OIT.
• Asignaciones de Fondos RBSA 2010-2011 en Apoyo a Organizaciones de Trabajadores y Organizaciones de Empleadores  El utilizar pequeños equipos de trabajo encargados de la gestión de los recursos y la ejecución de los talleres resultó beneficioso para llevar a cabo los productos establecidos, en tanto dinamizó las actividades y no generó entrampamientos de tiempo o recursos. Por ello, esta lógica debe mantenerse en próximas intervenciones tanto a nivel de oficina regional como subregionales. o Estos equipos pueden estar encargados de la gestión a nivel de las oficinas, tanto la oficina regional como las subregionales. Fue muy beneficiosa la coordinación entre el área administrativa (planificación y presupuesto) con los especialistas que fortalece la ejecución de los fondos, lo cual redundó en la obtención de los resultados esperados. El puente entre estas dos áreas o ámbitos es de vital importancia, por lo que la información sistematizada o documentaria sobre avances periódicos que los especialistas puedan emitir contribuirá a la parte administrativa-financiera a ratificar el adecuado uso de los fondos de acuerdo a lo planificado y por lo que fue aprobada la asignación.
• Asignaciones de Fondos RBSA 2010-2011 en Apoyo a Organizaciones de Trabajadores y Organizaciones de Empleadores  El establecer mecanismos específicos de monitoreo/ seguimiento resultó beneficioso para los fondos desde el nivel de planificación; de igual forma, el no contar con estos mecanismos en algunos casos trajo dificultades. Es por ello que se debe continuar estableciendo mecanismos ad hoc de monitoreo en futuras intervenciones. o Estos mecanismos pueden estar referidos principalmente a promover la documentación y sistematización de los avances y resultados conseguidos por los fondos RBSA en cada país de manera periódica. Con esto se garantizaría que el conocimiento, experiencia e información que se va generando se encuentre a disposición de la organización más allá de los profesionales o técnicos encargados.
• Decent jobs for youth and improved food security through the development of sustainable rural enterprises - Mid Term Evaluation Flexibility in implementation and financial management
• Decent jobs for youth and improved food security through the development of sustainable rural enterprises - Mid Term Evaluation Documentation regarding changes in the project needs to be clear
• Tripartite action to protect migrants from labour exploitation (ASEAN TRIANGLE) - Final evaluation The specific Tripartite-Plus approach has created innovative avenues for engagement. The involvement of tripartite partners and civil society in policy discussions, training sessions and formal meetings has not only put the migration debate on the map in the ASEAN region, but has also substantially enhanced dialogue, knowledge sharing, sense of ownership and thus commitment.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants from labour exploitation (ASEAN TRIANGLE) - Final evaluation Regional ASEAN level involvement requires sufficient preparatory as well as follow-up meetings at national level for all stakeholders involved. ATP has initiated and supported the use of the innovative system of a series of preparatory meetings at national levels by stakeholders before joint regional level meetings. Attention also needs to be paid to the follow-up of regional interventions: Implementation of recommendations and relay the results to the national level.
• Tripartite action to protect migrants from labour exploitation (ASEAN TRIANGLE) - Final evaluation The cooperation between ATP and GMS TRIANGLE/TRIANGLE II has worked well but needs to be re-evaluated in the light of the links between regional and national level issues.
• Developing the capacity of employers' organizations in the Arab Region through effective policy and social dialogue (Regional, Yemen and Jordan)- Final Evaluation Introducing decent work practices and institutions into non-Western countries is not done in a vacuum. Existing cultures have ways of representing interests, communicating needs and influencing economic and political leadership which need to be understood and respected. ILO tripartite institutions are introduced but may remain unused while traditional methods of dialogue and influence continue. From comments made to this evaluation it seems that In the Arab States a pattern of client relationships often depends on a few interlocutors whose strengths are their commitment and trust, but whose weaknesses can be that interlocutors guard the knowledge that goes with their position rather than sharing it. Improving this situation was perhaps an unforeseen aspect of the project’s origins. Inclusive democratic rights in the work place and more freedom in business were seen as goals of the Arab Spring, but that did not mean that leaders were ready to embrace trade unions or Western style tripartism. With the “failure” of that movement of change (or its over-interpretation by the West) the answer is more likely to be smaller scale actions such as creating more opportunities for women-led family businesses (a focus that this project achieved in oPt and Jordan). Such a focus can enable this target group to learn business success from each other and encourage municipalities to provide safe and healthy market place facilities. Or for business leaders to encourage their clients and interlocutors to share their experience with promising younger colleagues who can build on this tradition by learning the skills of presenting arguments for step-by-step improvements in government business policies.
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH and industrial relations) - Final Evaluation OSH is a good entry point for programming and organizing in the construction industry, which is prolific in rapidly developing economies of ASEAN, and inherently hazardous.
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH and industrial relations) - Final Evaluation Good OSH project design and implementation should explore links to other OSH related projects within ILO, other UN agencies, and other development actors in project countries and the region, with a view to exploring synergies, sharing experiences, avoiding duplication in OSH programming, analyzing gaps, and potentially teaming up for joint implementation of certain components.
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH and industrial relations) - Final Evaluation It is good project strategy to focus on OSH coverage in the informal sector, as well as in the formal sector, at national and grassroots levels.
• ASEAN-focussed labour market governance programme (OSH and industrial relations) - Final Evaluation Adequately funded national project coordinators are needed at the country level for multi country projects
• NORAD Contribution: Women's Entrepreneurship Development and Gender Equality (WEDGE) Regional Africa (Phase III) - Final Evaluation Knowledge, attitudes and practices assessments need to be designed in such a way that they use a combination of different approaches for baseline and end-line. Methodologies need to be fine-tuned to measure change accurately under each of the categories.
• NORAD Contribution: Women's Entrepreneurship Development and Gender Equality (WEDGE) Regional Africa (Phase III) - Final Evaluation Some entrepreneurs prefer consulting support as opposed to training so trainers not well versed in consulting need special guidelines on consulting.
• NORAD Contribution: Women's Entrepreneurship Development and Gender Equality (WEDGE) Regional Africa (Phase III) - Final Evaluation Projects need to provide sufficient support for business development services (BDS) and other partners through guidelines and/or other support to conduct publicity for tool roll out.
• Support to the National Department of Public Works on the implementation of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) in the Limpopo Province National institutions rely on ILO support to rapidly identify at international level the expertise and experiences for EPWP implementation. Where there were gaps to be filled in terms of the often unique approach of the EPWP, expertise could be sourced for quick research to ensure that the EPWP could still address these gaps within an operational year
• Support to the National Department of Public Works on the implementation of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) in the Limpopo Province The ability of ILO projects, supported by the Country Office, to quickly respond to the Government needs and last minute requests has enhanced legitimacy and credibility to this technical assistance . When government asks some kind of quick support. ILO has been able to provide it pushing and streamlining the procedures for comply with ILO requirements.
• Labour-based public works project in Liberia - Final Evaluation Experiential learning (in this case through study tours and site demonstrations) is an effective way of fast-tracking stakeholders’ knowledge acquisition, attitude change and capacity building in general.
• Labour-based public works project in Liberia - Final Evaluation The labour-based development model for constructing and maintaining roads has the following key positive attributes: a) It has a high degree of efficacy and is undoubtedly a viable development approach-especially from the point of view of cost effectiveness, income and employment generation, overall poverty reduction and overall economic growth; b) It is win-win approach –from the point of view of cost-savings on the part of the Government, employment and income generation on the part contractors and local communities; c) It has great potential to deliver results quickly; and d) It has potential for significant multiplier effects-which according to the ILO-EIA study (July 2011) is in the order of 1:3.2
• Labour-based public works project in Liberia - Final Evaluation Stakeholder consultation and involvement during project design and implementation play critical role in fostering ownership of interventions and enhances the possibility for sustainability beyond the project cycle;
• Labour-based public works project in Liberia - Final Evaluation That relevance of project interventions to the socio-economic development aspirations of stakeholders (in this case Government, local contractors and local communities) play a vital role towards eliciting broad-based support and quick “buy-in” of project objectives. Local communities are willing and able to mobilize local resources as long as they see the value of project activities to their livelihood needs.
• PROMOTE: Decent work for domestic workers to end child domestic work - Final Joint Evaluation PROMOTE aimed to contribute to the reduction of child domestic work through strategies aimed at promoting decent work for all domestic workers. The central strategy of the project to promote decent work for domestic workers was to strengthen the organization and capacity of domestic workers’ organizations to collectively advocate for their rights to decent work. The approach was based on an assumption that improved rights and conditions of domestic workers in general would help end child domestic work. However, the project reached very few child domestic workers through this strategy, as most of the child domestic workers are live-in workers, whereas the members of the domestic worker groups organized are mostly live-out domestic workers. Moreover, the households employing child domestic workers are scattered and dispersed, according to local observers and project staff. The domestic worker organizations conducted some advocacy on the minimum age for domestic work, but there was limited understanding of this issue among the groups met by the evaluators and the members were more focused on the rights of domestic workers in general. The evaluators concluded that more targeted and child-focused strategies, such as the neighbourhood watch approach, as also used by the PROMOTE project, are required to tackle child domestic work in the immediate term, while with a longer term project domestic workers’ organizations could be better engaged in this issue.
• PROMOTE: Decent work for domestic workers to end child domestic work - Final Joint Evaluation The PROMOTE project was designed in response to a US Department of Labor Solicitation for Grant Applications, which specified a number of project components. The project design closely followed the arrangement of these components but a strategic review of the design intervention logic was not undertaken during the design or the inception period. The resulting design did not provide a clear-cause effect hierarchy of results and some higher level results (such as increased public awareness of domestic workers’ rights and advocacy for legal change) occurred in several components. This had negative consequences for the capacity of the reporting and monitoring and evaluation system to clearly capture the outcomes of the project. It also made it difficult for external evaluators to understand the project logic. The mid-term evaluation noted a number of gaps in the M&E system but no adjustments to the performance framework were deemed necessary by the project management or backstopping staff. Additional M&E technical support from ILO or the USDOL may have been valuable at this juncture. The final evaluators recommended that ILO projects of substantial size should undergo participatory comprehensive monitoring and evaluation planning processes, including a review of the project theory of change, or an evaluability assessment during the inception phase.
• Joint programme for the support of the public authority of manpower in Kuwait - Final joint evaluation For system level change support, a focus on business was good but this needed to be accompanied also by resources and expertise on labour data and information management. Integrating both within PAM involves a much bigger -more expensive and longer endeavor. The program support provided only enough time to start a longer-term institutional process for effective system development.
• Joint programme for the support of the public authority of manpower in Kuwait - Final joint evaluation For the capacity building approach, the importance of having a capacity development baseline and broader learning plan provided in the project design and or as a preliminary (one of the first project deliverables) project input cannot be understated.
• Joint programme for the support of the public authority of manpower in Kuwait - Final joint evaluation Having a cross sector representation and participation in the logframe design and also the strategies and theory of change is a design and implementation lesson (for greater results).
• Joint programme for the support of the public authority of manpower in Kuwait - Final joint evaluation One UN programming is good practice and adding value, but it needs excellent coordination and standard operating procedures for both operations and program delivery.
• European Union IPA 2010 Human resources development in Albania - Final Evaluation A project that aims at implementing a systemic change needs to have a coordination body to ensure cooperation among the variety of stakeholders, interests and agendas. The project Steering Committee provided that good forum for sharing information and ideas, as well as for planning joint actions. A project that is devoting an important amount of resources to designing strategies, plans and institutional tools need to be implemented in a flexible manner (i.e. adapting the project to new request of the Government and social partners) and to explore the existence of a strong local ownership in order to ensure embedding of these instruments in the future practice of the beneficiaries. This may include sharing information about the new approaches beyond the narrow group of specialists and professionals.
• Consolidating and disseminating efforts to combat forced labour in Brazil and Peru - Final Evaluation Through the project’s research Gender dimension clearly appeared linked to the FL phenomena. The emphasis given by the IAP to the preventive work inside the communities enlightened the fact that women are indeed crucial in the fight against FL because the majority of men victims of FL feel pushed to FL in order to gain the livelihood to support their family. By encouraging women’s productive inclusion, the need for the men to look for their family livelihood (and therefore his risk to be co-opted under FL) diminishes.
• Consolidating and disseminating efforts to combat forced labour in Brazil and Peru - Final Evaluation South-South cooperation was not only beneficial for Peruvian institutions on the issue of Forced Labour, but also for Brazilian institutions who could learn from specificities of the fight against FL in Peru. One of these specificities was the different approach towards the FL challenge in relation to the different indigenous peoples concerned.
• The way forward after the revolution - decent work for women in Egypt and Tunisia - Midterm evaluation This evaluator discovered the general lack of data at the level of central government institutions on the subject of women enterprises, in addition to the void of information about many aspects of informal enterprises, including the extent of women-headed informal enterprises.
• The way forward after the revolution - decent work for women in Egypt and Tunisia - Midterm evaluation Project partners had confidence that the studies of women-headed enterprises and of CNFCE constituents were relevant undertakings. However, in the actual conduct of the studies, they learned just how they were relevant beyond their expectations. The research revealed the great extent to which both CNFCE and UTICA lack data on their own membership, especially in the regions (outside the capital), and the data deficit at the national level, concerning women’s entrepreneurship, in general, and informal entrepreneurship, in particular.
• Quick Impact Employment Creation Project (QIECP) for Youth through Labour-based Public Works (QIECP) in Sierra Leone - Final Evaluation The pilot experience of this project has demonstrated that funding is key to progress achieved in the construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of rural feeder roads and the attendant employment creation capacity; the target set for 3 years to create 440,000 person days of employment for the youth could be easily realized if funding is adequate and available. The uncertainty of funding negatively affected project implementation in at least two important ways; first, project staff had to work with short-term contracts that often took a while to come through; second, projection of project activities could not go beyond one year at a stretch.
• Quick Impact Employment Creation Project (QIECP) for Youth through Labour-based Public Works (QIECP) in Sierra Leone - Final Evaluation Unless standard procedure for properly recording the participation of workers in a contract project is adopted, it may be difficult to determine the extent of labour intensity involved to contract execution.
• Quick Impact Employment Creation Project (QIECP) for Youth through Labour-based Public Works (QIECP) in Sierra Leone - Final Evaluation In spite of awareness campaigns at local level, it is difficult to attract female workers to rural feeder road renovation and construction works; this makes gender balance in such employment a challenge.
• Insertion des sortants de la formation professionnelle (ISFP) Sénégal (Phase II) - Evaluation final L’internalisation des modules du BIT constituent un facteur clé de durabilité de la FP et d’appui à l’insertion sur le plan technique. C’est un processus de mise en commun des modules du BIT et de l’ONUDI dans les programmes et curricula de formation professionnelle et technique du Ministère de Formation Professionnelle, de l’Apprentissage et de l’Artisanat (MFPAA) pour les apprenants, et la mise à disposition des supports et manuels de formation aux centres de formation.
• Insertion des sortants de la formation professionnelle (ISFP) Sénégal (Phase II) - Evaluation final La mise en place d’un triangle de champions outillés (FP dans IA, CAI, CM) pour coordination et suivi efficace des actons menées a contribué à limiter l’incidence du projet en matière d’insertion. L’insertion des apprenants au marché du travail soit sous forme de personnels salariés ou encore soit comme entrepreneurs dépend de plusieurs facteurs notamment de la qualité des enseignements reçues des CFP, de l’orientation et de la politique de FP coordonnée par les Inspections d’Académie (IA), et des ressources humaines et logistiques des Centres de Métiers (CM). La combinaison de ces facteurs dans le cadre du projet ISFP a été un succès pour l’insertion des apprenants au Sénégal.
• Insertion des sortants de la formation professionnelle (ISFP) Sénégal (Phase II) - Evaluation final Continuité : Volet développement de la formation professionnelle du projet a enregistré plus de performance que celle de l’appui à l’insertion. Le projet ISFP comporte deux volets notamment le volet formation professionnelle et le volet insertion. La mise en œuvre de ces deux volets a été respectivement confiée au BIT (formation professionnelle) et aux agences onusiennes (ONUDI et PNUD) pour l’aspect insertion. Cependant, l’évaluation a noté que les objectifs assignés au BIT ont été largement atteints (+200%, voir plus du double des besoins de départ). Par contre, le volet insertion quoiqu’ayant complété ses objectifs, a été limité par l’insuffisance des fonds pour le financement des plans d’affaires des sortants des CFP.
• Insertion des sortants de la formation professionnelle (ISFP) Sénégal (Phase II) - Evaluation final La pluralité des acteurs et l’approche chaine de valeurs des métiers nécessite un cadre de pilotage dédié en dehors du comité d’orientation. Il n’existe pas de cadre de pilotage unique pour le projet ISFP. Ainsi, un seul cadre de pilotage existe pour tous les projets d’appui au développement au Sénégal malgré la pluralité des acteurs et l’emploi de l’approche chaine des valeurs employée dans la mise en œuvre de ce projet.
• Insertion des sortants de la formation professionnelle (ISFP) Sénégal (Phase II) - Evaluation final Un partenariat avec le dispositif national de financement de l’emploi jeune constitue un sérieux manque à gagner quant à la pérennisation de l’insertion et à sa durabilité. Le projet ISFP n’a pas développé de partenariat avec le dispositif de financement de l’emploi des jeunes au Sénégal. Ce dispositif gouvernemental dispose d’un fond souverain d’appui à la formation professionnelle et l’insertion des jeunes sortants des CFP et CM.
• Insertion des sortants de la formation professionnelle (ISFP) Sénégal (Phase II) - Evaluation final Sans un leadership fortement exprimé du MFPAA, il est difficile de cordonner et de mobiliser les différents acteurs pour l’atteinte des objectifs partagés. Ce qui serait un atout à une gestion efficience de ressources. L’évaluation a noté des limites de leadership du MFPAA dans la coordination et la mobilisation de ses ressources humaines. Plusieurs entités décentralisées notamment les IA et ses directions d’artisanat et FP n’ont pas les mêmes informations qu’en à l’évolution du projet ISFP.
• Insertion des sortants de la formation professionnelle (ISFP) Sénégal (Phase II) - Evaluation final L’insertion professionnelle exige une diversité d’acteurs et de compétences. Cependant, l’accompagnement des sortants nécessitent des services financiers et non financiers assez considérables. Le financement des plans d’affaires pour renforcer l’insertion des sortants sur le marché du travail et encourager l’entreprenariat jeune a connu un gap assez considérable d’environ 70%. Sur un besoin de XAF 583 213 664, le projet ne disposait que de XAF 185 403 746. Seulement 162 emplois (salariés et auto-emplois) ont été créé au terme du projet. Toutefois, l’évaluation a été limité par une absence de données financières pour apprécier le niveau des dépenses effectuées par le PRODES.
• Employers have strong, independent and representative organization (Outcome 9) - Final evaluation One of the basic insights from this evaluation is the importance of adjusting EO support to the specific country context in which the EO partner operates. The four country case studies illustrate just how huge the difference is between different country contexts. Generalisations are often dangerous in such situations and the design and management of EO support must be prepared to adjust flexibly to a dynamic country context. The country case studies offer several interesting examples of activities which successfully have seized opportunities that have emerged in the specific local context and at a certain point in time.
• Employers have strong, independent and representative organization (Outcome 9) - Final evaluation The successful Honduras case offers several lessons to be learned for interventions aimed at enhancing the EO capacity for policy advocacy. One such lesson is about the importance of working with EOs that are truly representative of the private sector and therefore able to apply a broad perspective on the needs of business environment reform.
• Employers have strong, independent and representative organization (Outcome 9) - Final evaluation Sustainability remains a challenge in support to capacity development. The evaluation gives several examples of capacity building activities which have led to results which may not be possible to sustain without continued support from the ILO. At the same time EO support could also actively contribute to increasing the EO membership and thereby help to strengthen the financial capacity and representativeness of EOs. It is important for the ILO to find ways in its cooperation with specific EOs to assess how a certain activity will affect EO sustainability.
• Employers have strong, independent and representative organization (Outcome 9) - Final evaluation Successful initiatives for promoting gender equality often remain as fairly “isolated islands” within organisations. Conscious strategies are required, and the ILO could probably play an important role in the gradual mainstreaming of gender equality within an EO. A first step could be to critically review the business agendas of partner EOs from a gender equality perspective.
• Employers have strong, independent and representative organization (Outcome 9) - Final evaluation The constraints related to staff capacity is a major challenge to EO support. Problems are not only related to lack of financial resources to hire qualified staff, but also to a general lack of suitably qualified staff in many countries. In addition there is often room for improvement of EOs’ human resource management including planning of the development of each individual’s skills and competence. In order to avoid continued dependence upon ILO staff and/or international consultants to carry out economic analysis and updates of EESE, concerted efforts are required by many EOs to gradually develop their staff resources. It is noted in this context that presently there do not seem to exist any training courses related to the EESE toolkit at the ILO/ITC in Turin.
• Way out of informality: Facilitating formalization of informal economy in South Asia - Final Evaluation Formalizing informal economy is a huge task and requires commitment at the highest level so that required regulatory framework, policies and business environment can be created. Informal economy accounts for more than 90 per cent of jobs in South Asia and under the current business environment and businesses see any regulatory requirement as an added cost to business and hence tend to avoid even the basic step of registration of enterprises. This also implies substantial leakage of government tax revenue. There is a need for creating incentives for bringing businesses under the formal net which requires governments' commitment from the top supported by the business-friendly regulatory framework, simplified single-window business services delivery facilities so that entrepreneurs can register and access required institutional services, and clear standardized business operation guidelines, including any workers' employment arrangements. At the moment there is a lack of clarity in what is required and once entrepreneurs start the process, they get quickly put-off by bureaucratic hassles. Entrepreneurs tend to respond if activities are planned effectively. For example, in Nepal, advocacy and awareness campaign increased the registration of businesses by 24% within one year.
• Way out of informality: Facilitating formalization of informal economy in South Asia - Final Evaluation Implementing partners prefer predictable funding so that they can adequately demonstrate the linkage between activities and output leading to project outcomes. The project offered several short (sometimes too short) contracts which did not adequately create project ownership on the part of the contractors and their responsibility was limited to the output delivery. It was less clear how those outputs were to be used for generating intended project outcomes. Some of the agencies had four contracts over two to three year period. Interruptions and uncertainty in contracts was not helpful.
• Way out of informality: Facilitating formalization of informal economy in South Asia - Final Evaluation The formalization of the informal economy requires a strong partnership with the private sector along with a genuine representation of workers in the informal economy. The tripartite mechanism is working well in all three countries but it does not adequately service the workers in the informal economy. The mechanism keeps the voice of these workers out of the discussion unless represented by the trade unions. The evaluation recognizes that it is not easy to clearly identify a genuine representation of informal workers because they tend to transitory (moving from one job to most in the absence of safe working conditions, less favourable terms of employment and virtually no social security. This calls for an innovative approach. Likewise, employers' representation needs to ensure that the businesses practice decent work standards. The role of private sector is critical, particularly in the current business environment. ILO can play a constructive role in ensuring representation of relevant stakeholders.
• Way out of informality: Facilitating formalization of informal economy in South Asia - Final Evaluation Inter-country collaboration and knowledge sharing/exchange strengthen cross-country learning and adoption of good practices. The value of cross-country visits and exchange of knowledge was appreciated by stakeholders in all three countries. However, they felt that these were infrequent and inadequate. The varying sectoral focus across the three countries also to some extent limited benefits of such events organized in New Delhi, Kathmandu and Pokhara. The project could have created an online blog platform for different implementing partners to exchange views and enhance mutual information exchange and learning. The way project was implemented also did not help this because activities were undertaken by subcontractors while those who participated in exchange visits or knowledge sharing events had little to do with project implementation.
• Way out of informality: Facilitating formalization of informal economy in South Asia - Final Evaluation The adoption of voluntary code of conduct requires buy-ins from all relevant stakeholders. In India, employers’ organizations are in the process of coming up with their voluntary code of conduct. It would have been helpful to include public enterprises and municipalities since they are the biggest employers of casual workers. Likewise, it would have helped to include representations from trade unions. This by no means imply replacement of regulatory framework and social dialogue.
• Way out of informality: Facilitating formalization of informal economy in South Asia - Final Evaluation The incentives from formalization need to be disseminated widely to both employers and workers. The consideration of incentives from formalization can speed up formalization process. A study commissioned by the project shows that an important incentive to formalization is to facilitate access to credit particularly for small manufacturing units at the bottom of the value chain. At present, there are no incentives to formalize such enterprises.
• Way out of informality: Facilitating formalization of informal economy in South Asia - Final Evaluation Project focus need to be clearly defined and manageable within a given timeframe and it should be supported by a clear theory of change, multi-year work plan, and results. The project should have identified target groups a priori during the project design stage and prior to its commencement it should have mapped and identified the scope of formalization. This could have helped in the identification of relevant implementation partners. Since this was not done and in the absence of a clear theory of change the project tried to find its way taking different paths in the three countries resulting in less coordinated project activities and delinked outputs. Part of uncertainty was also created by annual work plan preparation exercise and subsequent approval processes. This could have been avoided with careful background work prior to project design and taking up a pragmatic theory of change with a clear road map in terms of input-output-outcome leading towards intended impact. The project design left the sector choice and geographical coverage to the implementation team. This could have been simplified by taking a realistic view of what can be achieved within the given time and resources available.
• The law-growth nexus - Phase III: Labour law and the enabling business environment for MSMEs in Kenya - Midterm Evaluation It is important to actively involve all stakeholders in project activities. This was important given the diverse interests that dominate the selected sectors, where actors viewed each other with suspicion. Through support from the project, all stakeholders in the transport sector, who previously saw each other as competitors were convened to the same table where they agreed to sit and dialogue after realizing that interventions were actually for their own benefit. In addition sector employers in the transport sector, drivers and conductors guards in the private securities sector and social partners benefited most from this active involvement. They improved their capacities to handle issues. A workers’ representative was for example quoted saying that he and others had gained confidence to walk into any office and to stand and talk before any forum. While this may have delayed decision making, it has set the basis for ownership of project interventions and for sustainability.
• The law-growth nexus - Phase III: Labour law and the enabling business environment for MSMEs in Kenya - Midterm Evaluation Different sectors are closely interconnected which requires closer collaboration; The lesson here was that many things work in a web like system which connects different components. This was for example very evident in the transport sector though it was also visible in the private securities sector. The push for compliance touched on so many other actors and not just the sector stakeholders. The department of cooperatives was for example at the center of the interventions supporting the SACCO approach, MSEA was also in the middle of the interventions with support for business development in the sector. The NHIF and NSSF were brought on board following the integration of labour laws into the traffic act. These, particularly, NHIF was widely reported to have attracted the participation of women in to the transport sector, given that it offers health insurance for them and their children. The same was reported to be happening in the private securities sector. Things work best when each part of the system is capacitated and allowed to perform its role.
• Création d'émplois et accompagnement à la réinsertion en complétant les dispositifs de l'Etat en Tunisie - Évaluation mi-parcours Les études de faisabilité et de mise en œuvre des sous-projets de développement économique gagneraient en consistance et qualité si le projet prenait en compte les études déjà réalisées dans les mêmes domaines par d’autres programmes ou projets d’appui au développement.
• Création d'émplois et accompagnement à la réinsertion en complétant les dispositifs de l'Etat en Tunisie - Évaluation mi-parcours La multiplication des sous-projets de développement économique identifiés nuit à la perception du projet (toutes les pistes identifiées avec les populations ne seront pas prises en compte) et au travail des experts DEL qui consiste à appuyer le lancement et l’essor des sous-projets (renforcement de compétences, suivi, mise en relation avec les organismes d’appui). Ces deux facteurs plaident pour un resserrement des activités DEL sur trois ou quatre pôles principaux.
• Création d'émplois et accompagnement à la réinsertion en complétant les dispositifs de l'Etat en Tunisie - Évaluation mi-parcours Des scénarios de sortie de projet doivent être définis, suffisamment tôt et ajustés, le cas échéant, en fonction des évolutions institutionnelles liées à la conjoncture sociale et économique.
• Création d'émplois et accompagnement à la réinsertion en complétant les dispositifs de l'Etat en Tunisie - Évaluation mi-parcours Pour appuyer et soutenir les groupements féminins mis en place, le projet devrait utiliser la possibilité du « marrainage », lancée par la chambre nationale des femmes chefs d’entreprises : une femme chef d’entreprise, ayant une expérience professionnelle et installée dans un des gouvernorats, assiste un ou deux groupements dans leur développement, leur recherche d’appuis, leurs relations avec les administrations.
• Création d'émplois et accompagnement à la réinsertion en complétant les dispositifs de l'Etat en Tunisie - Évaluation mi-parcours L’expérience des premiers chantiers de démonstration a montré que les délais d’études et d’appel d’offres sont longs (et qu’il existe un risque de relance d’appel d’offres suite au manque d’entreprises dans les gouvernorats). Le projet devrait donc finaliser rapidement l’identification et les études des chantiers de démonstration à lancer.
• Création d'émplois et accompagnement à la réinsertion en complétant les dispositifs de l'Etat en Tunisie - Évaluation mi-parcours Les bureaux de contrôle, appuyés par les experts HIMO, n’exercent pas de façon assez rigoureuse leur rôle quant à la qualité des travaux et aux délais d’exécution. Le projet peut obtenir de meilleurs résultats avec une présence permanente des ingénieurs des bureaux sur les chantiers.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Midterm Evaluation Stakeholders Engagement Stakeholders’ engagement at ILO-R2J was very impressive. Stakeholders engagement increased project ownership by different stakeholders, and have also enhanced project results, and increased commitment of stakeholders to the project that will result in future sustainability.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Midterm Evaluation Project Advisory Committee The Project Advisory Committee was a substantially effective mechanism to engage and inform all stakeholders, and involve stakeholders in project review, monitoring and evaluation.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Midterm Evaluation Capacity Building of Counterparts Capacity building of counterparts increases their commitment to project and ownership of project results. It also encourages the counterparts, including tripartite constituents, implementing partners and social partners to engage in project activities. The more the capacity of counterparts is built, the more they will be engaged in project activities.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Midterm Evaluation Working through Implementing Partners Working through implementing partners increased the geographical reach of project interventions, and have also led to effectiveness and efficiency. R2J have contracted with private firms/companies to implement the interventions, those companies with contextual knowledge and local community buy-in have reached to those areas that were difficult for ILO staff to reach, and understanding about local context for the companies enabled them to implement interventions more effectively and efficiently.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Midterm Evaluation Public Private Dialogues Increased Collaboration and Coordination Facilitating, convening and organizing public private dialogues resulted in increased knowledge of stakeholders about Markets Systems Development, Markets for Poor and Roads to Job project. It also helped stakeholders to stay connected, collaborate and coordinate on mutually interested interventions.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Midterm Evaluation Collaborative Interventions with other Projects It was learned that working in collaboration with other projects on mutually agreed interventions are very successful, it meet the demand and requirement of both parties and leveraged resources increases efficiency and effectiveness of interventions.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Midterm Evaluation Engaging Stakeholders in Assessments and Conducting Participatory Appraisals for Competitive Advantage (PACA) Engagement of stakeholders in conducting assessments and PACA exercises was very effective. ILO-R2J could not reach to insecure areas, and engagement of stakeholders in assessments and PACA enabled R2J to reach to those areas that were not accessible to ILO staff. It has also built the capacity of stakeholders in carrying out assessments and PACA exercises.
• Création d'émplois et accompagnement à la réinsertion en complétant les dispositifs de l'Etat en Tunisie - Final evaluation L’instauration d’une approche participative dans le cadre d’un projet intégré complexe doit se doter d’une stratégie de mise œuvre qui décrit de quelle manière cette participation active doit se développer, en précisant les acteurs clés, leurs rôles & responsabilités, leurs besoins en renforcement des capacités, le plan de formation, etc. afin de concourir à une appropriation concrète des méthodologies et approches et ainsi assurer un transfert de responsabilités avec les partenaires nationaux, etc.
• Création d'émplois et accompagnement à la réinsertion en complétant les dispositifs de l'Etat en Tunisie - Final evaluation La possibilité d’intervenir à différents niveaux interdépendants incluant les aspects stratégiques (production d’études et analyses diverses permettant d’alimenter la réflexion et de préciser l’approche), le volet technique (formations diverses et production de guides et manuels), la réalisation d’ouvrages, les contributions en intrants et équipements, etc., soutient l’application d’une réelle approche intégrée.
• Independent Evaluation of Outcome 17: Gender mainstreaming with the support of Sweden and Norway Partnership Agreements Gender Mainstreaming under the PAs at field level: • ILO field offices need to ensure an enabling environment for the seed funds to grow. A key feature of this environment is a DWCP which has been gender mainstreamed and provides a foundation for gender mainstreaming across the board. • For this process to be widely implemented a clear conceptual framework for gender mainstreaming in technical cooperation needs to be developed and adopted. This work will be spear-headed by GED in consultation with the gender network. • Another enabling feature is the allocation of responsibility for overall coordination of gender mainstreaming activities to an ILO staff member who has an overview of the programme and is likely to have some longevity in that position. This person can be a programme officer or a gender specialist at country level backstopped from the region. The activities of short-term gender specialists or gender consultants in the office often lack coordination which can reduce the potential benefits. • The evaluation suggests that capacity in RBM needs to be enhanced in the programming process, and the links between development of the DWCP and the Outcome-based work planning and funding clarified at the field level so it is not simply perceived as a Headquarters exercise. • Gender mainstreaming is further strengthened in the country concerned if the ILO’s own efforts are linked into the UNDAF framework through established cooperation with national authorities and a broad range of donors and stakeholders.
• Independent Evaluation of Outcome 17: Gender mainstreaming with the support of Sweden and Norway Partnership Agreements Cross-unit collaboration on Gender Mainstreaming: The existing gender network needs to be expanded and strengthened initially by incorporating staff who have already been involved in gender mainstreaming activities under the PAs and are not recognized as part of the network. The evaluator has provided an expanded contact list which can be further elaborated.
  • However in order to be sustainable this essentially finance-driven collaboration should be underpinned by a unit workplan and a clear mechanism for cross-unit collaboration.
  • GED needs to ensure that a clear conceptual framework for gender mainstreaming in technical cooperation is developed in consultation with gender specialists and other members of a strengthened gender network and is reflected in a robust and coherent manner in the P&B, in the ILO Gender Action Plan, in training tools and manuals and elsewhere.
  • In terms of interaction with the field GED also needs to ensure effective experience exchange between countries and regions, as is specifically stated as a function of the CTA. Experience exchange should involve not only recognizing and sharing good experience from the country and regional level but also bringing in new ideas and information on gender mainstreaming from outside the ILO.
  • The existing gender network needs to be expanded and strengthened initially by incorporating staff who have already been involved in gender mainstreaming activities under the PAs and are not recognized as part of the network. The evaluator has provided an expanded contact list which can be further elaborated
  
• Independent Evaluation of Outcome 17: Gender mainstreaming with the support of Sweden and Norway Partnership Agreements If the Global Product supported by the PAs is to be evaluable a full workplan needs to be developed covering planned activities at HQ level between GED and other units, as well as activities to support ‘national staff overseeing the PA at country level’ in order to ensure gender mainstreaming in planning, implementation , and evaluation’. These activities need to be complementary to activities under the Global Product supported from other funding. Information on the Global Product activities should be included in the country project documents. Global Product activities supported by the PAs need also to be fully reported upon each year and at the end of the biennium. Such reporting is essential to learn positive and negative lessons of the biennium and to plan the next steps going forward.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Final Evaluation While the project’s monitoring and results measurement system is sufficiently robust, thanks to systematic data collection and a solid attribution strategy, it is not completely aligned with the project’s ethos and community-based approach. In the shift from beneficiaries to partners, businesses could also be involved to a greater extent in the monitoring process. So far, they can voice their concerns during regular progress meetings, but have not been able to engage and react to the results identified through monitoring activities. Action 2: Participatory monitoring tools could be further explored. Data collected and findings can be directly shared with relevant stakeholders and serve as a basis for discussing ways to adjust interventions to stakeholders’ needs. This suggests a more extensive use of qualitative tools, such as focus group discussions, that foster dialogue among key actors. It may also imply resorting to more informal types of evidence collected through community-based techniques such as self-evaluation tools or testimonials. Moreover, inclusion indicators could be used to measure how the project impacts the social integration of end-beneficiaries in their communities.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Final Evaluation With the MSD approach’s proven potential for social inclusion, the project could place a stronger focus on disadvantaged groups and design interventions that are more mindful of their social, economic and cultural situation. Women: While the project encouraged business partners to adopt ways of working that are more favourable to women, it should systematically take into account all of the factors that may influence how they are impacted by specific interventions. For instance, financial inclusion interventions proved to have differential effects on female and male workers. Women involved in the poultry buy-back system had a harder time accessing loans than men and were therefore more likely to drop-out. Action 3.1: Consistently adopting a gender lens can allow the project to better assess the challenges and barriers women face and address them in a timely manner. Specific measures that increase their bargaining power and render them more resilient, such as bringing them together in savings groups or cooperatives, can help ensure they reap the benefits of certain interventions to the same extent as men. Forcibly displaced people: While skills development training has enabled forcibly displaced people to gain and reinforce certain demand-driven skills, interventions have not always been carefully tailored to individual needs. Action 3.2: The project could harness its solid collaboration with the UNHCR
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Final Evaluation Lesson 8: So far, R2J’s interventions in agricultural value chains sought to create more and better work opportunities for the poor but omitted examining how such interventions could build a buffer against climate change or, conversely, aggravate environmental impacts. Studies have shown that the effects of climate change hit vulnerable communities living in already fragile environments the hardest. Not only does climate change destroy the livelihoods of vulnerable groups, putting them at risk of poverty, but it can also exacerbate underlying tensions, with competition around reduced natural resources, and increase the likelihood of conflict to arise. Largely reliant on agriculture, Afghanistan’s northern provinces have started witnessing the consequences of extreme weather conditions on their main source of income and food supply. Action 8: R2J could adopt a more integrated approach at all project levels that mirrors both the environmental dimension and the advocacy dimension. Future project planning could involve other departments at the ILO specialised in the transition towards a green economy, such as the ILO’s Green Jobs programme. In addition to a more comprehensive programmatic design, integration is also necessary upstream, at the policy level, to advance the ILO’s decent work objectives. An advocacy strategy could be more thoroughly planned, addressing the challenges workers continue to face in the region.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Final Evaluation Lesson 6: Behavioural change, a primary objective of MSD programming, is a long process that requires appropriate adjustment of budget and timeframe, as well as donors’ commitment to a strong MEAL approach. Action 6: Donors should be aware of the specificities of MSD projects and grant a sufficiently large timeframe to allow the project to generate sustainable impact. Moreover, there needs to be trusting and two-way relationship between the implementing agency and the donor. Staff turnover within the funding agency should also be limited to ensure effective communication between the donor and the project staff.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Final Evaluation Lesson 1: Carefully planned MSD interventions do not always produce positive outcomes in a conflict-affected country and business partners may experience the failure of business models, which could have worked in a more predictable setting. Action 1: An overarching implementation strategy could be devised for each value chain to coordinate between the different interventions and have a regular overview of the progress achieved. This implementation strategy can also serve as an upstream identification of potential
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Final Evaluation Lesson 7: The success of an MSD intervention in a fragile context like Northern Afghanistan does not only depend on how rigorously market assessments and interventions have been carried out, but also on more contextual factors that may significantly affect project outcomes. Action 7: A mapping of local stakeholders for each new locality is crucial as it may reveal the importance of certain actors or market players whose engagement was not as essential in other places. The dynamics of competition and collaboration between local stakeholders should also be closely examined for effective intervention design. The mapping exercise could serve as a basis to select the social partners the project cannot do without and plan capacity-building activities depending on their needs. Forecasting and risks analysis efforts should also be prioritised to anticipate political and security risks that can affect an intervention’s outcomes. This can also help strengthen the attribution mechanisms at the core of R2J’s MRM system.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Final Evaluation Lesson 4: While the project’s efforts to engage with social partners should be examined in light of local conditions, notably political instability, decent work outcomes that require greater policy advocacy cannot be achieved without workers’ and employers’ organisations active participation in the conceptualisation and design of key interventions. Action 4: Greater collaboration with tripartite constituents is key to building strong labour market institutions and fostering an enabling environment for economic growth. The project could map out institutional arrangements, legal frameworks and informal practices of social dialogue in the implementation region. It could work closely with the ILO’s relevant departments, such as the Social Dialogue and Tripartism Unit, to gather good practices on how to effectively engage with social partners. The project could also utilise the ILO fragility compass to design interventions that combine the right to work and rights at work.
• Road to Jobs: Bringing decent work to rural households of the Northern Provinces in Afghanistan - Final Evaluation Lesson 5: Due to lengthy internal procedures and administrative delays, the project was not always capable of following the blueprint it set out for itself and ensuring a timely implementation of project activities. This led the project to evolve at a two-paced speed: a fast pace characterising private sector engagement, which implies swift decision-making when brokering agreements with business partners, and a slower pace once private sector deals move from the realm of informal talks to that of bureaucratic processes. Action 5: Adaptive MSD programmes require moving away from conventional processes and contract structures of direct delivery programmes, which can either take the form of grants – programmes pay NGOs to deliver activities - or of competitive procurement – programmes buy products and services directly from businesses to use in interventions or give to beneficiaries. Future iterations of MSD projects should narrow the gap between the project’s two separate components – informal negotiations in the field and formalised agreements at HQ.
• Outcome 10 independent evaluation: Workers have strong, independent and representative organizations - Trade unions for social justice 1. Lesson learned on cooperation between the two projects (Norwegian and Sweden): The two projects under evaluation were implemented in practice as one Project: Trade Unions for Social Justice" and were in turn integrated into ACTRAV's wider operations. This was done without any elaborate bureaucracy, but through effective programming by ACTRAV and project management.
  2. Triangular cooperation: There was effective triangular cooperation involving tripartite visits to Norway and South Africa, which had a clear objective - demonstrating that permitting trade unions in the police service in Kenya would not result in any loss of effectiveness. Such triangular cooperation can be useful if it has a clear objective.
  3. Unity in Action: Promoting unity in action, through Joint Action Forums or similar bodies, should be a primary focus for ACTRAV in countries where the trade union movement is divided. This is not to promote organizational unification, although if WOs wish this, the ILO should offer assistance. The ILO can play a unique role in creating a common platform.
  4. Unionisation in EPZs is possible: Even in difficult situations, such as export processing zones (EPZS) where organising trade unions may seem impossible, the programme has shown that through persistence and the use of innovative approaches, EPZ workers can be helped and unionized.
  5. Developing knowledge and research capacity in workers' organizations: Support to the Global Labour University helped to spread advanced knowledge and research in the TU movement. The use of social media, the internet and email have made the latest research more available to trade unionists.
  
• Responding effectively to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world of work: Country programmes - Final Evaluation Where countries are undertaking actions to formalise informal enterprises, which often includes organising them into associations and cooperatives, ILOAIDS can more effectively and efficiently channel its resources than in situations where this is not yet being undertaken. It is, nevertheless, necessary to consider that the poorest countries are probably also the slowest in investing in organising the informal economy.
• Responding effectively to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world of work: Country programmes - Final Evaluation Organising Voluntary Counselling ad Testing on HIV through workers organisations, mobile clinics away from direct vision of employers, and as an integrated component in wellness testing are important and useful approaches.
• Responding effectively to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world of work: Country programmes - Final Evaluation Studies on access of PLHIV to social protection can be useful if recommendations are implemented at country level.
• Responding effectively to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the world of work: Country programmes - Final Evaluation Some projects are designed to support the attainment of l larger organisational outcomes, such as the ILO Programme and Budget Outcomes. If such projects have Logical Frameworks (or similar planning and results measuring instruments) with measurable outputs and indicators, relevant data should be gathered, analysed and reported. Monitoring and evaluation of projects cannot be complete without a summary of data pertaining to the outputs and indicators. The output/indicator data can then be combined with other information gathered to monitor and evaluate the results at outcome level.
• Better Work Lesotho, Better Work Nicaragua, Better Work Haiti - Final cluster evaluation Extremely complex and ambitious interventions need long-term processes and implementation schedules, at least 10 years. This is the case of the BW Programmes in Nicaragua, Haiti and Lesotho. Adding short term extensions or phases to the initial (short-term) projects only fosters short term planning, which negatively affects projects’ implementation and their sustainability prospects.
• Better Work Lesotho, Better Work Nicaragua, Better Work Haiti - Final cluster evaluation Sustainability should be defined and integrated on a long-term realistic schedule.
• Better Work Lesotho, Better Work Nicaragua, Better Work Haiti - Final cluster evaluation The brands’ support to BW is crucial for its successful operation in the countries, as experience shows that factories adhere to the Programme when it is compulsory (Haiti) and/or the buyers specifically ask the suppliers to do so (e.g. Nicaragua).
• Better Work Lesotho, Better Work Nicaragua, Better Work Haiti - Final cluster evaluation Depending in one single funding source for a country makes BW considerably vulnerable and threatens its continuity. USDOL is the sole funder of Haiti, Nicaragua and Lesotho. Other BW countries are funded by multiple donors including USDOL funding, i.e. Bangladesh, Cambodia and Vietnam. BW constitutes one of the five ILO flagship programmes, designed to enhance the efficiency and impact of its development cooperation with constituents on a global scale. It is, thus, crucial for its further continuation and development that the ILO/BW develop a long-term (and diversified) funding strategy.
• Better Work Lesotho, Better Work Nicaragua, Better Work Haiti - Final cluster evaluation Gender equality goes beyond a workplace free of violence and sexual harassment. The evaluation noticed the scarce internalization and visualization of gender equality issues in the BW interventions and among the different national actors. The evaluation learned that there is a need to promote not only a workplace free of violence and sexual harassment, but also the creation and implementation of policies that promote gender equality in work as a whole. This includes elements ranging from an equal number of men and women in management positions to the recognition of the same wages for men and women in the same jobs; to the inclusion of men in trainings that until now have been given only to women, such as sexual and reproductive health; maternity, etc.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Midterm Evaluation The support of local community organizations, role models and the trust they have built through a long commitment to community welfare helps to lay the building blocks for ILO’s interventions and vision. For example the vocational training institutes like the Nafisa Mai School at Dera Jhatta, provided free space and helped to build upon the social acceptance from the community. Similarly the local colleges in RYK provided space and overall management support in the on line earning project, these colleges also have a trust relationship with communities and parents as a result there is a buy-in for computer training for girls in a conservative social set up.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Midterm Evaluation Lack of coordination and interface amongst partners implementing different components of the project can result in isolating the theme of decent work which is common to all. At the same time it deprives partners from learning from each other and forming partnerships. Although project outputs can still be achieved in terms of numbers but can affect the strategic outcomes.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Midterm Evaluation Media cannot be considered as a one dimensional source of information and awareness raising i.e. the emphasis of the project on training journalists for the purpose of reporting only, nor can the required change come through targeting only the literate population who are able to read the articles that would be produced as an output of the trainings. For wider outreach media strategies should target the most widely used medium used by those whose attitudes need to be changed. Since this target group is diverse the medium should be also diverse. Many participants of the workshop noted that the media has received many training by different organizations in Pakistan and it has not quite translated into a sustainable change, women are still portrayed negatively; though there are exceptions.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Midterm Evaluation 9. In view of the diversity of the project in terms of skills, stakeholders, partners and geographical areas a set of monitoring tools with specific indicator are necessary to strengthen inputs and lead to the required actions for long term outcomes and harmonizing the project goals.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Midterm Evaluation If tools are simpler these are easier to use; the GRLI tool usability is not demonstrated in the context of challenges that the DOLs face in terms of low capacity i.e. few labour inspectors and lack of transport support. Furthermore there are issues around it being one tool for use towards various establishments from factories to shops which are under different laws making it difficult for the labour inspectors to discern which section of the tool to use. Therefore the summative learning is that the context of Pakistan governance structures and issues should be kept in mind when investing in such tools in order for them to be used and accepted more effectively.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Midterm Evaluation People have to know about their rights at work in order to have decent work environments on sustainable basis. In view of the marked role and effect of the advertising agencies in heavily stereotyping women’s role the project may consider working with selected agencies after identifying their advertisements. The advertising has a huge impact and consistently reinforces women’s traditional roles of caregivers. An assessment of adverts could also bring in valuable information to the project and discussions around selected adverts can itself create the required understanding and awareness amongst stakeholders.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Midterm Evaluation If the training is demand based i.e. what the factory/industry/market needs the opportunity for employment is greater. Factories understand the value of women workers and are willing to facilitate their mobility, provide equal wages, maternity leave, separate eating and prayer space etc. The value of engaging the employers from the very beginning of the training project in the skills development projects with the coastal communities in Karachi, the hospitality training by COHTM and the readymade garments training by PRGTTI resulted in guaranteed internships and employment. PIHR is also involving prospective employer in the on line earning project. One example of working with employers is when the project and partner organizations partnered with potential employers to deliver the training on industry sites. The potential employer also provided the required machines, tools resulting in cost effectiveness; the skills matched the industry needs and the same employer provided work opportunity. Similarly, engagement with relevant stakeholders has proved very useful. Punjab Technical and Vocational Training Authority (TEVTA) announced to certify the training course imparted by COTHM. Akhuwat, a micro-credit NGO, announced interest free loans for graduates to start their own small enterprises. Coordination with relevant stakeholders for example TEVTA Punjab enabled to get the COHTM training certified.
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Midterm Evaluation Simplicity of training materials coupled with exposure visits to prospective work places and interface with employers has been a source of encouragement and motivation for trainees to continue their certification as observed in the training in PRGTTI and COTHM. Offering transport to women trainees and employees is another motivational factor.Five girls dropped out of one of the training as they could not afford transportation fares. Although alternate candidates were found to fill the empty slots, perhaps addressing their problems could have avoided their dropping out from the training. Many such stories are prevalent in the local communities which consider girls’ mobility a huge issue due to social cultural constraints. The trainees of on line learning, ranked home based work as the greatest attraction for them due to constrained mobility. In places very remote or far away honoraria has been duly incorporated by the project which the trainees receive to compensate for transport
• Promoting gender equality for decent employment in Pakistan - Midterm Evaluation Implementation of media component as an independent component can result in isolation of key messages of the project. For example messages coming out from the skills component such as gender equality issues pertinent in communities that become an obstacle for women to seek employment and workplace rights of those who have been trained and are employed. If communication materials are not used at the community level and at workplace it creates a gap in awareness raising. This gap is visible in the project.
• Green livelihood access for Central Kalimantan's inclusive environmental response to climate change - Final Joint Evaluation Project staff found it challenging to effectively engage the disabled in project interventions, as they express the need for additional capacity and skills and/or tools (and budget) to be able to seriously work towards achieving these set targets. Setting indicators and related targets for comprehensive inclusive participation has to be done cautiously. Targeted users: Beneficiaries are disabled community members, which the project would like to include in its interventions, to be truly inclusive and to give equitable access to all.
• Green livelihood access for Central Kalimantan's inclusive environmental response to climate change - Final Joint Evaluation Agroforestry plantations in peat land still lack proper guidelines (establishment, maintenance) and require continued support to communities. Experience on best practices for agroforestry plantation establishment on degraded peat land and its sustainable management needs to be build to develop standard guidelines. There is still a lack of proper documentation on appropriate use of ameliorants, planting techniques and management steps to enhance sustainability of the agroforestry plantations, which requires a continued support to and guidance of the communities. Targetted users: Direct user/beneficiaries will be the community member who work on the agroforestry areas as either beneficiary household of communal land or registered private owner. The community members will reap the direct benefits of timber, rubber and fruits, whereas at a global level there will be a positive impact through reduced carbon emissions from the peatland and enhanced carbon stock by the biomass increment. Other benefits will develop as improved biodiversity.
• Green livelihood access for Central Kalimantan's inclusive environmental response to climate change - Final Joint Evaluation Inclusion of local stakeholders (governmental and NGO’s) in capacity building is essential to enhance post-project sustainability. The participation of governmental staff in both theoretical and practical training sessions, working together with project staff and communities, has created a platform for local stakeholders to infuse good practices and innovations in their regular work plans. Targetted Users: Public Work Office (PU), PNPM, LDP, AMAN
• Green livelihood access for Central Kalimantan's inclusive environmental response to climate change - Final Joint Evaluation Coordination with local and provincial stakeholders helps to avoid duplication and contributes to effective information sharing and enhances transparency. This requires a more continuous effort with regular meetings during formulation, planning and implementation and is enhanced by mutual access to information platforms, such as ILO’s Knowledge Sharing Platform (KSP). Targetted Users: Governmental authorities at district and provincial level and other stakeholders as ILO’s social partners (unions/employers) NGO’s and donors active in the same thematic field.
• Green livelihood access for Central Kalimantan's inclusive environmental response to climate change - Final Joint Evaluation The limited time-frame of GLACIER has put the PM team under continuous pressure and reduced the opportunity to learn-by-doing (which includes failure): learning requires sufficient time and future project design should allow for a temporal set-up with the opportunity to adjust implementation approaches along the way. Targeted Users: Beneficiaries are the local communities, local stakeholders and national stakeholders, who all had limited exposure to the project piloting due to its short period.
• Green livelihood access for Central Kalimantan's inclusive environmental response to climate change - Final Joint Evaluation Establishment of canal and/or tatas blocking is complicated as it requires the construction of considerable infrastructure elements and needs additional blocking of any drainage outlet from the peat area targeted (in an already very complex environmental setting) and still lacks sufficient scientific base and community support. Targetted users: Community members with access to communal land or private land in the area where the blockade is intended.
• Green livelihood access for Central Kalimantan's inclusive environmental response to climate change - Final Joint Evaluation There remains a certain, most probable inherent, friction in the compatibility of the direct short-term livelihood needs of rural communities, expressed and documented in a bottom-up participatory approach, with the more indirect long-term, top-down and from a global vision formulated perspectives of REDD+. The approach of packaging short-term incentives with more long-term interventions, as developed by GLACIER, seems to be a promising pathway for future REDD+ projects. Targeted users: Direct beneficiaries are the communities who dedicate their communal and private land for REDD+ activities through e.g. agroforestry plantations, for which they receive free inputs and a daily wage, as direct positive livelihood impact. Over time these agroforestry plantations will benefit indirect global beneficiaries through reduced emissions from the afforested peat land.
• PAMODEC Phase III - Projet d'appui à la mise en oeuvre des principes et droits fondamentaux au travail - Final Evaluation L’expérience de PAMODEC III démontre toute la pertinence d’intervenir de manière intégrée, en englobant les quatre PDFT, afin d’avoir une meilleure efficience et un impact plus fort auprès des mandats.
• PAMODEC Phase III - Projet d'appui à la mise en oeuvre des principes et droits fondamentaux au travail - Final Evaluation L’engagement financier du bailleur de fonds sur 15 ans constitue un gage de durabilité pour les réalisations et les acquis de PAMODEC III.
• PAMODEC Phase III - Projet d'appui à la mise en oeuvre des principes et droits fondamentaux au travail - Final Evaluation L’appropriation du programme par les partenaires nationaux reste un facteur d’efficacité et d’impact pour le PAMODEC.
• Greener Business Asia (Phase II) Green jobs and enterprise development: ILO’s initiatives in Thailand and the Philippines - Final Evaluation The greening of enterprises is more effectively fostered when the larger community in which it resides is taken into account, and ideally with the participation of local government, to make the greening of the enterprise more impactful and relevant, as well as sustainable at the broader level.
• Greener Business Asia (Phase II) Green jobs and enterprise development: ILO’s initiatives in Thailand and the Philippines - Final Evaluation The use of the management-labor cooperation model, involving a series of applied exercises around brainstorming, problem identification, and analysis, together with technical inputs, has overall resulted in achievement of environmental gains in the workplace and increased levels of dialogue between management and staff.
• Greener Business Asia (Phase II) Green jobs and enterprise development: ILO’s initiatives in Thailand and the Philippines - Final Evaluation While the activity resulting from the model can easily be sustained, as it proves to be beneficial for the business, the further application of the practice relies on a variety of factors, including organizational culture, levels of participation, and commitment of senior management.
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE I) - Final Evaluation 178. Strengthening the understanding of the “Lead Partner” role While the Lead Partner concept has proved to be an adequate approach to building a network of qualified organizations on CL issues, the structure of the partnership has to be well balanced and the understanding of the lead partner role well established in order to avoid situations of overlapping and to render its ultimate purpose effective. The involvement of various IPs is justified when they contribute in different ways and there are clear benefits resulting from this kind of partnership. In particular, it has been found that at the community level, a more thorough and detailed assessment of the organizations’ comparative advantages and their respective of roles is required. There is need to strengthen the understanding and undertaking of the lead partner role...
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE I) - Final Evaluation 177. Project demands from the community structures and individuals have to be realistic. Project activities need to be and harmonized with the rest of the community dynamics. The extensive list of partners acting in the same location together with the compressed schedule for implementation have generated fatigue and confusion among the community structures.
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE I) - Final Evaluation 176. Complex operations require a thorough analysis of the project assumptions. This lesson was described by some of the respondents as “the silent assumptions”. It seeks to express the idea that the project was initiated assuming some of the most optimistic scenarios while the roll out of an intervention like this - with so many actors involved at the implementation level - has proved to be a much more complex and problem-laden task. The initial assumption is that everybody’s good will, together with the elaboration of an integrated LogFrame for the two ARISE partners and the designation of some Lead Partners for the ILO component, will pave the way for a smooth implementation. However the reality has not been so straight-forward. Processes and institutional arrangements are usually difficult to identify and articulate. There is a need to understand that in complex operations like there is usually a gap between the plans and the actual operations and therefore it becomes crucial to carefully align implementation procedures. It is important to be aware of this in order to apply an adaptive and developmental management approach as well.
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE I) - Final Evaluation 179. The economic empowerment of vulnerable communities via IGAs, requires a more comprehensive approach and a longer cycle of intervention. The provision of agricultural inputs and basic training is deemed to be insufficient to have a real impact on the livelihoods of the people. Generating economic opportunities requires a more thorough consideration of the Theory of Change for this particular component. The degree of vulnerability together with adverse conditions of the context compel the project designers to search for more robust proposals.
• Partnerships for youth employment in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - Midterm evaluation Preparation of the stakeholders on evidence-based policy development and equipping them with knowledge on monitoring and evaluation leads to better commitment to develop evidence-based policies and measure results
• Partnerships for youth employment in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - Final evaluation Project design – continuity with previous ILO work
  Ensuring that project’s design builds directly on previous ILO work allows the project to “hit the ground running”, reducing the delays in project start-up that can occur when projects attempt to introduce activities where no ground work has been done.
  
• Partnerships for youth employment in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - Final evaluation Sustainability and impact – factors supporting The project highlighted some important factors supporting the institutionalisation and scaling up of programmes successfully piloted. In Azerbaijan these were:  A local “champion” who was both an expert in the delivery of the programme in the country context and respected by key government decision makers  Demand from local municipalities – key local people (e.g. mayors) learned of the project and lobbied for its expansion  Support was given to develop the capacity of the PES to coordinate the programme at a local level and to train sufficient trainers to deliver it  A mechanism to fund the expansion
• Partnerships for youth employment in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - Final evaluation Involving members of the regional cooperation networks in peer reviews allows participating officials the opportunity to study familiar policy and programme challenges in unfamiliar contexts. In the process, the exchange of ideas and approaches allows them to see existing practices through fresh eyes. It energises the Network and makes it task-focused.
• Partnerships for youth employment in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) - Final evaluation Trade Union involvement in youth employment development The establishment of two sub-regional Trade Union youth networks – the Arctic Circle network, involving the northern regions of the Russian Federation and selected Scandinavian Countries, and the Caspian Sea network, involving Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation – helped focus attention on specific youth employment issues in these regions and on the development of Trade Union positions on these.
• Better Work Vietnam (Phase II) and Better Work Indonesia (Phase II) - Final cluster evaluation Better Work Indonesia (BWI) and Better Work Vietnam (BWV) aim to improve compliance with national and international labour standards and promote competitiveness in the countries’ apparel industry by assessing current workplace conditions and offering customized advisory and training services to factories to address their individual needs. The Better Work programme helps employers and workers to achieve compliance by building their capacity to work together toward solutions at the factory level. Among the challenges to improving compliance are labour laws that are overly stringent, impractical or out of sync with the requirements of the industry. When the labour laws are overly stringent laws, or related regulations significantly limit factory competitiveness or are otherwise impractical, few factories will comply and this may create additional compliance issues or inconsistencies (such as the illegal use of short term contracts by factories in Indonesia to avoid laws that impose an extremely high severance payments on employers for laying off employees). This type of compliance issue is unlikely to be resolved at the factory level alone because changes in laws and regulations or further regulatory guidance may be needed. These issues need to be taken into account in BW reporting on compliance by highlighting the contextual factors that make compliance difficult. BW can also support policy change strategies together with ILO country programs, based the body of evidence from the BW program.
• Strengthening workers' organizations in the Arab countries through social, economic and legal literacy - Final evaluation There are major differences in policy, approach and strategy held between different institutions of the international democratic trade union movement in the promotion of FPRW in the region. Efforts to strengthen the capacity of workers’ organisations are hampered by lack of coordination and, in some cases, contradictory actions by trade union institutions and partner agencies. The ILO has unique status and authority to provide an open space for constructive dialogue and consultation, and seek consensus wherever possible in support of democratic trade union development.
• Strengthening workers' organizations in the Arab countries through social, economic and legal literacy - Final evaluation The dissemination of project materials is an essential means of multiplying the impact of the project and maximising the number of beneficiaries. Project design should include the conversion of technical material into popular workers’ education resources, using mass media, social media as well as traditional print and online publications. Project design should also include the translation of materials into other languages, for dissemination outside the region, where appropriate.
• Strengthening workers' organizations in the Arab countries through social, economic and legal literacy - Final evaluation Projects designed to increase the capacity of workers organisations in promoting and defending FPRW need to recognise the important role of and engage with sectoral unions, national sectoral federations, and the Global Union Federations in providing sustained and long-term support to trade union development, alongside the national centres and their international federation structures. See Appendix IV of the report for more information
• Strengthening workers' organizations in the Arab countries through social, economic and legal literacy - Final evaluation Projects that seek to strengthen workers’ organisations free from legal constraints or external interference should ensure that the support is sustained and rigorously defended if external pressure persists in opposition to FPRW. Project design should take into account the possible need for continued supportive intervention beyond the time-frame of the project itself, whether for newly formed or reformed older trade union structures.
• Strengthening workers' organizations in the Arab countries through social, economic and legal literacy - Final evaluation The need to provide support for workers’ organisations free from legal constraints or external interference is not limited to any one world region alone. Although each region has its own characteristics, projects supporting the capacity of workers’ organisations should include the use of examples of successful (and unsuccessful) methods and experiences from other world regions, and should facilitate and encourage inter-regional dialogue between workers’ organisations.
• Market based livelihood interventions for refugees and host communities in Niger - Final evaluation Leçon apprise 1 : l’autonomisation économique des groupes vulnérables de réfugiés et de la population d’accueil est, par nature, complexe et chronophage et exige des moyens et un engagement à moyen et long terme (4-5 ans).
• Market based livelihood interventions for refugees and host communities in Niger - Final evaluation Leçon apprise 2 : la réussite des interventions novatrices auprès de groupes vulnérables dont les capacités organisationnelles, techniques et managériales sont limitées exige la mise en place d’un dispositif d’appui conseil de prox imité.
• UN Green Jobs Programme: Enhancing competitiveness and sustainable business among MMEs in the building construction industry (phase II) ILO Component - Final evaluation For the purpose of transparency and accountability, future Joint UN Projects should ensure that regular narrative accounts on implementation against operational plans/results based frameworks - are produced, as well as quantitative targets accounts on biannual basis.
• UN Green Jobs Programme: Enhancing competitiveness and sustainable business among MMEs in the building construction industry (phase II) ILO Component - Final evaluation Developing a communication strategy was useful not only for bringing messages and communicating with the stakeholders - but also for the value added to the internal discussions, planning and cooperation among the Project staff.
• Building national floors of social protection in Southern Africa - Final Evaluation In terms of project design and project management, a lesson is that more formal mechanisms should be put in place to encourage structured (and documented) communication on a regular basis between national Irish Aid offices and regional projects (whilst this should in no way prejudice the current informal exchanges); and that there should be an explicit definition of the roles and responsibilities of the Irish Aid country office vis-à-vis any co-located regional project, and of the separate ILO departments involved in management.
• Technical and vocational education training (TVET) reform in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The extensive research and consultation undertaken at TVET-R design and start-up phase was critical to the success of TVET-R.
• Technical and vocational education training (TVET) reform in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The ILO approach in working with Tripartite Constituents is a signature quality of this Project. While the voice of the Employee Group representatives was not as strong as it could have been, by engaging with the Tripartite Constituents the ‘Decent Work for All’ agenda was kept on the table.
• Technical and vocational education training (TVET) reform in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The Demonstration Effect: To assist in changing mind-sets to support Competency Based Training, “the demonstration effect” has been very successful. This has been evidenced through the number of Pilots undertaken which has increased general awareness and specifically that of Government officials.
• Technical and vocational education training (TVET) reform in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The vast array of skills and experience within the TVET Team, and in and between stakeholder groups, has been key to the success and quality of TVET-R and is another lesson linked to the question of relationships
• Technical and vocational education training (TVET) reform in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation TVET-R has shown leadership in the sector through its commitment to inclusion of the disadvantaged, females and people with disability. Recognising that women represent over 80% of the workforce in certain occupational areas sectors, TVET-R has played a key role in supporting the development of the National Policy on ‘Promoting Gender Equality in TVET in Bangladesh’, which having the support of the (female) Prime Minister, is gaining recognition and support within the country.
• Technical and vocational education training (TVET) reform in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation Promotion of TVET in Communities: It is evident that graduate trainees are a useful source to promote CBT and TVET-Reform. During interviews people have identified that trainees themselves are the best promoters of CBT and TVET in general. They are able to promote quality training that focuses on specific practical skills, and to endorse training institutes that are supportive and considerate of people with different needs.
  
• Building a generation of safe and healthy workers: Safe & Healthy Youth - Midterm Evaluation Sufficient staffing and the provision of adequate oversight are critical.
• Building a generation of safe and healthy workers: Safe & Healthy Youth - Midterm Evaluation Projects need to be tailored to conditions within each country, recognizing the specific political situation and capacity of existing institutions.
• Building a generation of safe and healthy workers: Safe & Healthy Youth - Midterm Evaluation The commitment of implementing partners is key, extending beyond ministries of labor.
• Building a generation of safe and healthy workers: Safe & Healthy Youth - Midterm Evaluation ILO and donors need to be prepared to work in a country over a long period of time; efforts to effect major changes in policy, institutions, and culture are likely to significant time.
• Fair recruitment and decent work for women migrant workers in South Asia and the Middle East - Regional Component - Final Evaluation The shame and stigma attached to domestic work impacts negatively on initiatives in both countries of origin and destination. In source countries, women are looked down upon if they migrate for domestic work, because the community associates the work with sexual exploitation or sex work and perceives it as menial work. In destination countries too, domestic work is externalised to workers. The lack of dignity associated with domestic work contributes to it being undervalued and underpaid. In many societies, domestic work is not perceived as real work, and is therefore excluded from labour laws, as in Lebanon. Interventions to raise the dignity of domestic work are critical to changing the negative perceptions of such work in all the project countries.
• Fair recruitment and decent work for women migrant workers in South Asia and the Middle East - Regional Component - Final Evaluation Collective representation can be organised better in source countries than destination countries. Targets for organising were surpassed in the source countries but not achieved in the destination countries. The stakeholders in destination countries stated clearly that information, and empowerment of workers must be achieved before sending them to destination. Even when workers have migrated, the support from unions and CSOs from their own countries has been very valuable (e.g. GEFONT, OKUP).
• Fair recruitment and decent work for women migrant workers in South Asia and the Middle East - Regional Component - Final Evaluation Organising workers has not been possible in the countries of destination of Jordan and Lebanon. In both countries, Freedom of Association is not granted to migrant workers. In Jordan, although domestic work is covered under the labour law, domestic workers cannot organise. In Lebanon, too, migrant workers cannot organise, so the Domestic Workers’ Union (DWU) has not been allowed to register as a separate union, and currently operates as a part of the National Federation of Worker and Employee Trade Unions in Lebanon (FENASOL). When workers raise their voice, their contracts are ended; they are reported to authorities and deported to their countries. In 2016, in Jordan 110 Bangladeshi workers went on a strike to protest against dirty residential quarters and being subjected to insulting treatment at work. The factory was shut down by the authority. The leader who had organised the workers to voice their concerns was deported to Bangladesh. In Lebanon, there have been cases of women being deported to Nepal. In these situations, where organising is illegal and raising voice results in punitive action, association is risky rather than rewarding. Moreover, leaving an employer (termed as the option of “exit” (Hirshmann 1970)) is denied to MDWs because they are legally tied to their one employer to preserve their residency permits. They cannot unilaterally exit the labour relation and change employer. MWs have no tools to respond to decent work deficits through direct participation to collective bargaining, and they remain dependent to local, native trade unions’ representatives and/or MRCs and NGOs mediation.
• Fair recruitment and decent work for women migrant workers in South Asia and the Middle East - Regional Component - Final Evaluation A good practice set up during the WIF programme relates to the Government to Business (G2B) recruitment system set up whereby the government of Bangladesh invites a company from Jordan for recruiting garment workers. The company sends the number of workers needed, which the GoB then announces. On a particular date, the recruitment officers from the Jordanian company visit Bangladesh for recruitment, select the workers, and then proceed to complete all the migration formalities. When these workers arrive in Jordan, the company provides them with a hostel, which is managed by the company, and is located close to the garment factory. Workers reported that they often work from 7 am to 6 pm, with 15 minutes breaks for morning and afternoon tea, and half hour for lunch. So, the work time would be 10 hours. They earn a monthly wage of about $145, which is the base rate, and about $50 for working overtime, which could range from 2 to 4 hours per day. Most workers are not aware of how many hours of overtime payment is given, and at what rates. The workers are not aware that the hourly wage for overtime needs to be more than that for the regular 8 hours of work; most of them do not ask the employer for the details of the wage calculations. Further, even in the domestic work sector, fair recruitment processes do not guarantee decent work. Workers who have arrived through fair recruitment processes may still land in work situations with elements of forced labour. This calls for monitoring separately the two objectives of fair recruitment, and decent work.
• Fair recruitment and decent work for women migrant workers in South Asia and the Middle East - Regional Component - Final Evaluation Comprehensive data on domestic migrant workers is difficult to find and is not systematically collected and monitored by any agency. There is variation from agency to agency about the number of workers going out for migration from the countries of origin, workers arriving for work in a country of destination, their occupations, employers, etc. While the data systems are in place, they do not capture full data, as many workers come unregistered into countries, or do not have the right permissions from countries of origin, having defied bans operational in countries of origin to migrate for work. In Nepal, government issues work permits to emigrating workers, however, many leave through other neighbouring countries and without the right visas and permits. In Jordan and Lebanon, the government had precise figures about the number of migrants who entered Jordan, from which country. It was not clear how this data is monitored and used by the Ministry. Also unclear is the sharing of the data with relevant agencies who offer services for migrant workers. Effective sharing of data will enable better coordination of services that migrants need, especially in case of either workers or employers wishing to change the worker/employer, and in cases of labour law violations such as withholding wages, holding passports and phones, restricting movements, verbal or physical abuse, or violence.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Midterm Evaluation It is important to be realistic with respect to the outputs and outcomes planned to be achieved. Due to the complexities of large organisations, it is integral to ensure that the project implemented by a third party (i) identifies specific areas where it aims to make a contribution and (ii) avoids being unrealistic with expectations and ambiguous in defining what is planned to be achieved. A comprehensive understanding of the organisation’s needs and challenges is required at the start of the project. Knowledge of the needs and challenges would provide information on the aspects that might require to be addressed before the initiative is implemented to facilitate the buy-in of the project among various parties. It would also advise on the potential risks and practicality of the proposed initiative. All of the above could assist in refining the scope and defining specific outputs, which could further assist in preventing certain financial and operational risks. Last but not least is the need to take into consideration the top management commitment to support the project and internal capabilities and capacities of an organisation to support its implementation and carry out with selected initiatives beyond the project’s lifespan.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Midterm Evaluation The project should have an exit strategy and a continuity or sustainability plan for the planned initiatives introduced during its implementation. Planning of any initiative that is aimed to be retained beyond the project’s lifespan needs to include a strategy on how they will be maintained and how the results thereof will be utilised post the project. If such a strategy framework is not devised at the start of an initiative, it runs the risk of not only being a temporary solution, but creating unnecessary expectations and resulting in wastage of both human and financial resources.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Midterm Evaluation Having the same individual in the position of a Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) during different phases of the same project is conducive for a smooth transition between these phases and reduces operational risks for the project.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Midterm Evaluation A practical and manageable early warning Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework should have been devised for the project. The review of the M&E system devised for the project revealed that it was not sufficiently comprehensive to illustrate a bigger picture and inform the Project Steering Committee (PSC) on the actual progress of the project; importantly, it lacked an early warning system that would encourage parties to act before the problem has exacerbated.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Midterm Evaluation Activities aimed at promotion of social dialogue strengthen management-labour relationships. However, considering the feedback received from various people interviewed, currently planned activities will not be sufficient to sustain the progress made in this regard beyond the project’s duration. Therefore, integrating social dialogue practices into the operational environment and strengthening the capacity and institutional structures at the terminals will be among the key factors in ensuring sustainability of social dialogue practices.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's strategy to promote decent work in the Arab region: A cluster evaluation of Jordan, Lebanon and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Strategic collaboration with social partners on areas of common interest is necessary to leverage strengths and outreach. In other words, converting competition into collaboration is the way forward in low-resource settings.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's strategy to promote decent work in the Arab region: A cluster evaluation of Jordan, Lebanon and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Responsiveness to context and constituents’ needs is necessary to maintain ILO’s comparative advantage in the region. This requires flexibility in systems and approaches, and in the use of technical and financial resources, particularly in dynamic local contexts.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's strategy to promote decent work in the Arab region: A cluster evaluation of Jordan, Lebanon and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. Having a decent work strategy is important to position the ILO’s mandate within national contexts, and to clearly articulate the needs and expectations of constituent partners. At the same time, complementarity within programmes is necessary for optimal contribution to decent work outcomes.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's strategy to promote decent work in the Arab region: A cluster evaluation of Jordan, Lebanon and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. In countries where political stability is a challenge, the focus on policy and legislative reforms with tripartite involvement contributing to sustained results.
• CARIFORUM Civil Society in the Regional Development and Integration Process: Challenges to CARIFORUM Labour, Private Sector and Employers - Final evaluation Using national resources to facilitate training can create a built-in mechanism for post-training follow-up, which in turn can create genuine capacity at the institutional level. The evaluation team noted that while local capacities were not generally used to implement capacity-building activities, the instances when it was observed (i.e. reliance on the Jamaica Productivity Centre, the Barbados Productivity Council and on the CCLCS to deliver certain workshops’ components) allowed centralization of disseminated knowledge within stable organizations that could be able to replicate or follow-up on services provided.
• CARIFORUM Civil Society in the Regional Development and Integration Process: Challenges to CARIFORUM Labour, Private Sector and Employers - Final evaluation Broad stakeholder engagement and consultations are necessary when designing and implementing a project involving a multiplicity of regional stakeholder that are not ILO’s, employers’ and workers’ organizations traditional partners. The evaluation’s findings showed that the activities that should have allowed the CEC and the CCL to be involved in the implementation, governance and monitoring of the social aspects of the EPA at the regional and national levels, should have been designed differently in order to ensure expected results can be reached. Consulting and involving a wider set of stakeholders could have allowed providing a more realistic picture of the assumptions, threats and opportunities of the necessary actions required to achieve the expected result. More specifically, the CARICOM, the CARIFORUM, Ministries of Trade, national and regional EPA implementation units’ involvement and inputs would have added significant value to the project design and implementation.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Midterm Evaluation An effective communication strategy and its implementation plan should be user-friendly and crosscutting as well as applicable to all components of a project. The project maintains a good working relationship with all groups of stakeholders. This has contributed to ILO’s credibility in RMG sector. It has managed both external and internal relationships very well and this need to continue. The communication strategy adopted by the project upward through ILO’s engagement in 3+5+1 group and policy dialogue with MOLE have worked well. Monthly progress update and regular meetings with donors, Accord and Alliance, Government agencies, BGMEA and BKMEA, overseas buyers’ interest groups, and IBC and NCCWE have been effective. Recent initiative of using hotlines to report workplace safety issues is a move in the right direction as the workers access to information technology and smart gadgets is still limited to ordinary mobile phones, radios and print media. Data transparencies and press coverage covering RMG events of interest to RMG workers and wider audience are also equally important and this is an area the project may consider strengthening its activities.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Midterm Evaluation Under an emergency condition, a neutral and credible leadership is important to galvanize support for a response mechanism. In the aftermath of RP building collapse, stakeholders identified ILO as a trusted development partner with a reputation of neutral and constructive engagement in Bangladesh’s RMG sector. ILO, following a high-level mission from headquarters, took leadership role for putting together a response to the crisis with its own funds and technical expertise. Based on consultative process, it put together a funding proposal that addressed both strategic as well as short and medium-term needs of the RMG sectors. At the core of the proposal was improving working conditions in RMG sector. The proposal received strong support from all interest groups, including workers and employers’ associations and policy makers. It also received strong endorsements from overseas buyers nervous at that time, reflected by fear associated with the disruption in supply chain and brand reputation. The proposal also received endorsement from the donor community and Canada, the Netherlands and UK quickly responded to fund the proposal. At the time of crisis, the scale and scope of impact was largely unclear but the three donors put their trust in ILO and approved the funding. As the building structure, fire and electrical safety assessment proceeded, the scope of assessment increased. Once again, Netherlands and UK provided additional financing to complete the assessment process in time to avert potential safety risks in RMG factories.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Midterm Evaluation Gender sensitivity do matter in workplace in a sector that employs 4-5 million workers comprising about 80% women. More conscious efforts and continuous understanding building of both project staff (all five components) and social partners are required to translate women participation and numbers to achieve ‘promoting gender equality and women workers’ rights’ (one of the focuses). It is important to note that mere participation of women and achieving numerical targets has the potential of giving false notion of accomplishing gender equity and equality. Gender participations designs should be results oriented so that changes in gender relations, gender sensitivity among men and women (both at workplace and private domain), and analytical ability to counter challenges and take decisions is ensured. Furthermore, adequate resources and well-beings of both men and women including gender specific needs require attention. These crucial parameters are missing from result framework, individual plan and project reports.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Midterm Evaluation Mid-term (and Final) Evaluation becomes more efficient if the evaluation team gets full access to project files and database at the start. The evaluation team received limited information at the start of the evaluation process. In the initial packet (available through password protected cloud access) did not have the original project document. The team had to request additional information and data as the analytical process continued. Incomplete documentation at the start led to extra pressure on project staff to respond to evaluation team’s requests including extra hours. Adequate preparation on the part of project is necessary in ensuring efficient evaluation process. The evaluation team recognized the nature of sensitivity in providing some data and information, but it is a standard practice to provide requested information and data in confidence to the evaluation team.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Midterm Evaluation A complex project design requires additional social preparation time and proper sequencing of interventions. The project design is complex with five components and a large number of implementation partners representing diversified interest groups. Moreover, when on the ground reality is not clear, it takes time to establish bearings in place. Virtually all implementation partners had weak capacity, in terms of both skills and number. Improving working conditions in RMG sector was not a priority prior to Tazreen fire and Rana Plaza (RP) building collapse. The 2006 Labour Law was weak and it had no clear implementation rules. Focus was on rehabilitation and reintegration of workers who were victims or survivors of RP collapse and ensuring safety of the workers in the factories. The three-year project design had little flexibility in properly sequencing the components. As a result, capacity-building activities commenced without any institutional analysis and training needs assessment. A sequential planning of activities along with safety assessments may have been more effective.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Midterm Evaluation Workplace safety assessment alone does not necessarily guarantee better working conditions unless followed up by remediation. Corrective action plans and implementation of these plans need to follow quickly after assessment. The RMG sector cannot remain complacent after the assessments are completed. The statistics shows that while more than 3,000 factories have gone through safety assessment under NI, Accord and Alliance arrangements. In all, the Review Panel handled 112 cases so far. These were the cases considered “unsafe’ to operate and only 34 have been ordered to close down. Remediation has been stagnant or much slower than expected. It has progressed only in part of the factories assessed by Accord and Alliance and almost all NI assessed factories have yet to start the process. According to industry stakeholders, the financing of remediation cost appears as a major constraint. On the top, DIFE’s capacity is inadequate to oversee remediation plans and accomplishments. Prolonged delays in addressing remediation will further put the working conditions in the sector at risk. An industry source estimates that 60% of the factories would need remediation. It is a daunting task but saving lives by ensuring safe working place is more important. The Government is aware of remediation financing requirement and reportedly seeking funding arrangement. This needs to be in place sooner than later. An added factor is that there are thousands of factories temporarily closed down, operating illegally, operating as subcontractors or are exporting to countries that do not require Accord or Alliance certification. It is a priority task for DIFE, FSCD, BGMEA, BKMEA and trade unions to work collectively and bring them to assessment regime. The DFID’s 2014 AR raised the associated challenge and risks, but there is no progress on this front. Any further building collapse or fire incidence would put industry’s reputation at risk.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Midterm Evaluation Developing a proper road map based on training needs identified both by supervisors and staff/workers for capacity development certainly helps in achieving intended goal. Experience shows that there is a limit to absorptive capacity in training participants and it varies widely based on their backgrounds. Thus, in order to maximize learning and new knowledge retention, the project will benefit from a comprehensive capacity development road map comprising relevant activities, sequence them and space them over time. This needs to follow from properly done training needs analysis. A group of five FSCD inspectors during a focus group meeting appreciated training offered by ITC Turin instructors but they emphasized that training need to complement access to relevant equipment. In their case, FSCD lacked equipment and hence training could not be put in practice. In a rapidly changing world, the stakeholders need to keep up with rapidly changing technology. Hence, a single dose of training is not adequate and on the job skill upgrading need to follow. However, this requires institutional support and staff/workers cost. Industry and the Government should recognize that investment in skill development is an investment in human resource development rather than sunk business costs. Another example is skill development training offered to survivors of RP collapse.
• Promotion du dialogue social et renforcement de la gouvernance du travail en Tunisie (phase II) - Final evaluation Organiser des activités de renforcement des capacités des partenaires sociaux tripartites de façon conjointe. Même si des activités de renforcement des capacités des partenaires peuvent être ciblés pour les besoins spécifiques des différents acteurs, un projet visant à renforcer le dialogue social devrait organiser des activités de formation conjointes pour les trois partenaires sociaux, avec la participation d’un nombre similaire de participants de chaque partie, au-delà de la présence symbolique des acteurs, et au niveau de responsabilité approprié.
• Support the reintegration of returnees in Ethiopia - Midterm Independent Evaluation Carry-out feasibility analysis of the project implementation plan at the project design stage. In the project, the partner specific issues such as monitoring capacity affected progress of work.
• Promoting compliance with international labour standards in Colombia - Final Evaluation El aprovechamiento efectivo de los recursos y oportunidades que brinda el proyecto, y la maximización de los impactos de manera innovadora, es posible si se:  Focalizan las acciones (en la población meta, las zonas geográficas y los sectores económicos definidos).  Desarrollan pilotos (prototipos) demostrativos.  Los resultados de los pilotos son validados y apropiados por los mandantes; e igualmente, replicados y escalados por los mandantes en sus propios procedimientos y con sus propios recursos.  Se crean sinergias pactadas desde el inicio para replicar logros del proyecto (uso de los productos), con: pares o aliados de los mandantes, otros proyectos de la OIT, otros proyectos del Sistema de Naciones Unidas, otros proyectos solidarios en el país.
• Promoting compliance with international labour standards in Colombia - Final Evaluation Un control efectivo del proyecto, la realización de informes de seguimiento que den cuenta de actividades y productos (logros de las actividades), y evaluaciones que den cuenta de efectos (resultados directos) e impactos (resultados indirectos), es posible si:  Se formula explícitamente una teoría de cambio del proyecto y se diseña el marco lógico en consonancia con esa teoría de cambio.  Se diseñan indicadores de productos (logros de las actividades), efectos (resultados o cambios directos) e impactos (resultados indirectos).  Se establece una línea de base de todos los indicadores al inicio del proyecto.  Se hace de manera sistemática con los mandantes (integrados en un comité tripartito) seguimiento, gestión del conocimiento sobre aprendizajes, y evaluación, con base en los indicadores y teniendo como referencia la línea de base para evidenciar avances y cambios.  Los conocimientos y aprendizajes gestionados en la marcha se usan para ajustar la operación del proyecto en la marcha.
• Promoting compliance with international labour standards in Colombia - Final Evaluation Avanzar en el fortalecimiento de un sistema de garantías de cumplimiento de las normas internacionales y la creación de cultura de cumplimiento de los derechos laborales en el país, exige continuar fortaleciendo de manera integral:  La coexistencia de la IVC (en su labor preventiva y coactiva) y el diálogo y concertación (en su labor conciliadora y garantista o legitimadora), como caminos necesarios para asegurar el cumplimiento de los derechos laborales, mientras se avanza en el país en el fortalecimiento de la institucionalidad del Estado, el desarrollo productivo y la creación de cultura estatal de cumplimiento de los derechos como condiciones objetivas de garantía  Los roles y competencias de los mandantes, en igualdad de condiciones, bajo la presunción de que todos los mandantes, incluido los empresarios, están comprometidos con el cumplimiento de los derechos labores  Los roles y competencias de los mandantes de manera integral a fin de afianzar tanto la labor investigativa, como coercitiva, conciliadora y preventiva  El liderazgo del MT, con el acompañamiento, orientación y apoyo de la OIT, en su relación con los mandantes, pero también en su relación con las demás instituciones de estado implicadas en el cumplimiento de los derechos laborales, y en su incidencia para la creación de políticas de estado que garanticen la sostenibilidad de las condiciones creadas con los procesos de fortalecimiento institucional promovidos por los proyectos 
• Promoting compliance with international labour standards in Colombia - Final Evaluation La gestión de los proyectos debe ser coherente con el propósito de la OIT de contribuir con el fortalecimiento de los roles y competencias de los mandantes, el fortalecimiento del tripartismo y el mismo fortalecimiento de la misión y rol de la OIT en el país. Para ello, es importante tener en cuenta las siguientes condiciones:  La corresponsabilidad tripartita.  El liderazgo del MT.  El direccionamiento de principio a fin de la ejecución por parte de un comité tripartito con el apoyo de la OIT.  El rol de la OIT centrado en el acompañamiento y orientación política y estratégica.  El diseño desde el inicio de una teoría de cambio o estrategia general clara con la participación y aval de todos los mandantes.  El modo de desarrollo de la intervención, la asignación de recursos y tareas, y los responsables de la ejecución sujetos tanto a la teoría de cambio o estrategia general como al direccionamiento del comité tripartito.
• Support the reintegration of returnees in Ethiopia - Final Independent Evaluation Job-placement via comprehensive agreements with entities representing productive sectors in high demand of labour has proved to have some comparative advantages to get people into work with regard to the star-up business alternative. While in the latter, the job opportunity is a potential outcome, in the former the positions are waiting to be filled
• Support the reintegration of returnees in Ethiopia - Final Independent Evaluation Allocating the necessary time and resources for preparatory arrangements at the start of the project will eventually ease the implementation mechanisms and increase the quality of the services provided.
• Support the reintegration of returnees in Ethiopia - Final Independent Evaluation The economic empowerment of returnees (and vulnerable groups in general) requires a more comprehensive approach and a longer cycle of intervention.
• Support the reintegration of returnees in Ethiopia - Final Independent Evaluation The effectiveness and impact of the training processes both in entrepreneurship issues and professional skills depends on the rigor applied to screen the potential of the candidates and verify their future prospects of making a living using the content of the training.
• Support the reintegration of returnees in Ethiopia - Final Independent Evaluation A project involving stakeholders from various institutional and geographical levels requires a robust and thorough internal communication strategy to keep partners and stakeholders aware of the products and services that have been delivered and made available.
• Cooperación Sur-Sur para la Promoción del Trabajo Decente en los Países Productores de Algodón de África y América Latina - Evaluación Medio Término La pandemia y los efectos en la lógica de futuras iniciativas de CSST. Como ya se ha explicado en el análisis, la pandemia COVID-19 ha tenido un claro impacto negativo en la intervención en lo que respecta a los retrasos de ejecución. No obstante, las consecuencias de las restricciones de movilidad internacionales impuestas a raíz de la pandemia pueden tener un impacto significativo en las lógicas de implementación de futuras iniciativas de CSST.
• Cooperación Sur-Sur para la Promoción del Trabajo Decente en los Países Productores de Algodón de África y América Latina - Evaluación Medio Término Aprendizajes sobre la experiencia en Tanzania. El caso de Tanzania se considera relevante por el impacto que genera en el proyecto, en las autoridades nacionales y en la potencialidad de asegurar lecciones sobre la implementación de intervenciones de CSST específicas en el país y generales. Más allá de las consideraciones contextuales que afecten a la implantación y desarrollo de acciones de CSST, es importante tener un registro de las lecciones fundamentales que se puedan extraer de cada experiencia.
• Cooperación Sur-Sur para la Promoción del Trabajo Decente en los Países Productores de Algodón de África y América Latina - Evaluación Medio Término El valor diferenciador de la CSST. El resultado de la evaluación pone de manifiesto uno de los beneficios que el formato de CSST facilita en comparación con el modelo tradicional de cooperación directa. La evaluación refleja claramente el éxito del Proyecto Algodón TD en cuanto a su alta capacidad de adaptación a retos contextuales, y más concretamente a los que se dan en el ámbito político.
• Women in STEM Workforce Readiness Program - Final evaluation Due to the COVID-19 pandemic all training activities were transferred to on-line training. Training materials were redesigned to fit to the new training approach. For short trainings that span for a few hours, this can be effective. But for most training activities, the physical face-to-face training is preferred. A relatively high level of drop-out from the training was reported. One training provider reported that in training with physical presence the success rate was 50 out of hundred, whereas when on-line training was used the success rate was down to 20.
• Improving fire and general building safety in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation Indicators and targets should be formulated either in project design or very early on during the project and should not be altered afterwards. Even if a project is designed as an emergency response, SMART indicators, data collection methods and targets can be developed in the first few months of implementation and should not need to be changed later in the project implementation. This makes reporting and evaluation a more straightforward and simpler process.
• Improving fire and general building safety in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation Earlier completion of training components would allow for follow up and reinforcement within the project timeframe. Training in Electrical Fire safety was only carried out in the third year of the 3-year implementation time-frame. This may have been because of the late delivery of the needs assessment, which ideally should have been completed in the first few months of the project. Given that 80% of fires are caused by electrical problems more emphasis should be given to this aspect (rather than structural safety).
• Improving fire and general building safety in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation 4. Although Preliminary Assessments have been successfully completed, this is not sufficient to secure improvement in the safety of the working environment. This is a repeat of lesson learnt in the mid-term evaluation of the RMGP. With only 14% of remediation work started in NI factories compared to 70% completed in the Accord factories, it is clear that without quick follow up on DEA and CAPs the momentum will be lost. A clear system of monitoring, penalties and the strict application of such needs to be implemented alongside encouragement of self-compliance, as factory owners have a limited understanding of the productivity benefits of worker safety. A key component also needs to be the follow through with financial assistance to support smaller NI factories in completing remediation work.
• Improving fire and general building safety in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The engagement of a project-dedicated counterpart technical staff member to the Fire Safety Expert would have built institutional knowledge. Given the highly technical nature of the project funds should have been identified (even from outside of the project) to hire local engineering staff dedicated to and for the duration of the project. This would have avoided a loss in capacity within the ILO in a security situation and after the project closes. It is recognised, by the consultant, though that the project did engage with a local civil engineer for some time and that adequately trained and qualified Fire Engineers do not exist in Bangladesh.
• Closing the gender data gap on unpaid care and domestic work to support monitoring the 2030 Agenda - Final evaluation Mainstreaming LFS modules such as the time use module requires dedicated activities and adequate resources. In the case of “Closing the Gender Data Gap”, these were not planned in the project budget.
• Closing the gender data gap on unpaid care and domestic work to support monitoring the 2030 Agenda - Final evaluation NSOs are not necessarily aware of ILO’s mandate and guidance to support them in capturing own-use production of services. Awareness-raising activities are important in ensuring uptake.
• Programme d'activités pour l'emploi des jeunes dans la province du Katanga (PAEJK) - Évaluation mi-parcours a)La formule de gestion institutionnelle adoptée présente sans doute des avantages (efficience de coût d’exécution, plus grande sécurité de gestion financière) mais elle a aussi montré ses limites au vu des retards et longs délais des procédures de mise en œuvre de certaines activités.
  b) La mobilisation et l’enthousiasme des partenaires d’exécution et des apprenants prouvent la pertinence du projet et traduisent l’espoir que le projet suscite chez ces derniers.
• Promoting workers rights and competitiveness in Egyptian exports industries - Final Evaluation The potential for sustainability of progress made towards social dialogue is conditional to ownership of the social dialogue process by local actors
• Promoting workers rights and competitiveness in Egyptian exports industries - Final Evaluation Within a context of such political and social unrest, projects that aim to improve workers’ rights should consider dedicating additional resources and attention to accompany targeted factories – especially in the event where the training leads to a process of change (rights claims, protests, etc.). In that sense, the project should work closely with factories, workers and management to ensure that bipartite dialogue is activated.
• Work for Youth (W4Y) - Final Evaluation Globally managed projects that propose objectives or have expected outcomes at the country level must secure the institutional buy-in necessary to access regular ILO resources at the regional/country level to support critical country activities or have those resources included in the global project budget. Failure to ensure that institutional support or project resources are sufficient to support all activities necessary to meet project goals and objectives results in
• Outcome 1 and 2 ILO-SIDA Partnership evaluation - National Employment Policies (NEP) and Youth Employment 5. Any design of an ILO project should incorporate at least some initial considerations regarding pre-implementation arrangements. It was a widespread opinion that ILO should prepare itself to support implementation processes after the completion of the policy phase.
• Outcome 1 and 2 ILO-SIDA Partnership evaluation - National Employment Policies (NEP) and Youth Employment 6. Capacity building continues to be a critical activity in any ILO project and one of the best ways the ILO responds to the needs of the stakeholders. The annual Employment Policy course in Turin has been the response of the ILO to fill those gaps in terms of labour market understanding while the Youth Employment Policy course, prepared as a GP, was an extraordinary example of how to integrate constituents in the formulation of the course.
• Outcome 1 and 2 ILO-SIDA Partnership evaluation - National Employment Policies (NEP) and Youth Employment 3. Improved chances of a good relationship between NEP and YE have been seen when the projects have only one coordinator with a top academic and professional background. This is perhaps the integrating element that will potentiate any identification of synergies in a more efficient and timely way.
• Outcome 1 and 2 ILO-SIDA Partnership evaluation - National Employment Policies (NEP) and Youth Employment 7. The proposed timeline of the project, two years, is definitely an insufficient period to complete even the basic formulation of a NEP. The project was affected by unexpected factors like administrative requirements, slow institutional reaction of some constituents (like the Ministry of Labour and Social Security of El Salvador) to project implementation and long (though productive) discussions that take longer than expected.
• Outcome 1 and 2 ILO-SIDA Partnership evaluation - National Employment Policies (NEP) and Youth Employment 1. Social dialogue can be expanded without necessarily affecting the capacity to reach agreements. The experience of Sri Lanka, with more than 45 stakeholders in the Steering Committee, shows that nationwide consensus can be reached even under such extraordinary circumstances.
• Outcome 1 and 2 ILO-SIDA Partnership evaluation - National Employment Policies (NEP) and Youth Employment 2. There is a need to integrate employment objectives in sectoral policies to expand the potential impact of the CPOs. In El Salvador, the integration of employment objectives in the sectoral policies was considered one of the key achievements of the project because it improved the level of coherence of the policy in line with the Government priorities.
• Outcome 1 and 2 ILO-SIDA Partnership evaluation - National Employment Policies (NEP) and Youth Employment 4. There is no single, perfect model for project management. Some aspects of the project implementation, like the outcome-based funding, proved to be better than earmarked funds because of the type of incentives it creates to improve performance and transparency. However, other pieces of the puzzle, like the debate between centralized-decentralized management, are still inconclusive. The participants of the project had divided preferences for one or the other and each option has advantages and disadvantages to be considered. Centralized and decentralized project management proved to be applicable models in ILO projects but their suitability depends on the specific context and objectives of the initiative.
• Shan State: Peace reconciliation and development through community empowerment - Final evaluation Despite facing major contextual challenges, in particular due to the faltering peace process and intensified fighting in Shan State, the project team was able to achieve most of output targets. However, better and more sustainable qualitative and quantitative results could have been achieved, notably at the outcome level, through strengthened quality project management. Robust monitoring and evaluation, grant management, joint planning, stronger coordination and consistent communication across the project, and among Consortium partners would have contributed to a more successful and coherent programme supporting peacebuilding. This would have allowed to manage change and complexity in a more strategic/systematic way and to ultimately better serve end beneficiaries of the intervention.
• Shan State: Peace reconciliation and development through community empowerment - Final evaluation The 4-year programme managed to achieve a significant number of outputs across Shan State, reaching out to more than 154’000 beneficiaries across 104 villages in Shan State. More than 350 trainings were delivered to 82’859 people, among which 60% are women. However, the majority of beneficiaries remained somewhat satisfied with the programme outcomes due to the short duration of the programme operating in complex conflict-affected areas and the one-off nature of the technical assistance received. A “less is more” approach could have been more relevant to answer beneficiaries’ needs. (i) Communities would rather be involved in a more holistic community development intervention, tackling their needs more strategically for a longer-term impact. (ii) Schools would benefit from a robust and feasible business plan allowing them to develop their activities in the long-run, tackling the multiple issues in the start-up phase. (iii) Students and training participants would benefit from a consistent post-training follow-up ensuring they concretely improve their livelihoods based on sufficient training duration, small business advisory, and coordinated action with local partners.
• Programa de fortalecimiento institucional para la promoción del empleo decente en Colombia - Evaluación final 1. En un proyecto como el evaluado, que debe ejecutar una gran cantidad de productos en un período muy corto de tiempo, se le concede menos atención y menos recursos a acciones que también son importantes como las discusiones técnicas y políticas sobre la viabilidad de implementar las recomendaciones contenidas en los productos finalizados, u otras de carácter más estratégico y conceptual sobre por qué y cómo llevar a cabo los productos; y también a las acciones de “venta” del Proyecto a representantes de empleadores y trabajadores, y de otras instituciones públicas.
• Programa de fortalecimiento institucional para la promoción del empleo decente en Colombia - Evaluación final 2. Otros riesgos de un proyecto que tiene que ejecutar muchos productos en poco tiempo y donde cada SD se concentra exclusivamente en cumplir, dentro de los plazos previstos, con los productos que le correspondían ejecutar, son la posible duplicidad y/o la falta de complementariedad entre productos, y sobre todo la ausencia de un hilo conductor que ayude a conectar todo lo que se realice en el marco del proyecto y a que todos los involucrados interioricen que existe una línea común transversal a todos los componentes y productos, que en este caso era contribuir a la generación de empleos de calidad.
• Programa de fortalecimiento institucional para la promoción del empleo decente en Colombia - Evaluación final 4. Un riesgo de una estrategia de difusión masiva como la de la Red de Formalización es que al priorizar las metas de cobertura, el adiestramiento que se brinda a los brigadistas sobre los procedimientos y protocolos que deben seguir para sensibilizar y capacitar a la población objetivo resulte insuficiente para minimizar el riesgo de que brinden información incorrecta o poco precisa a esta población objetivo.
• Programa de fortalecimiento institucional para la promoción del empleo decente en Colombia - Evaluación final 6. La participación activa de las instancias de mayor jerarquía dentro del Ministerio de Trabajo es importante para la realización de los productos; esto es lo que ha ocurrido en el Proyecto con el impulso que le ha dado el Vice Ministro de Empleo y Pensiones a la elaboración del Libro Blanco, más aún tomando en cuenta que es un especialista en la materia.
• Programa de fortalecimiento institucional para la promoción del empleo decente en Colombia - Evaluación final 3. En general, la motivación principal de un trabajador del sector agrícola en zonas rurales para acceder a protección social no es tanto la posibilidad de cotizar en pensiones sino principalmente poder estar cubiertos ante riesgos de accidentes o enfermedades laborales, y de pérdida de activos o capital de trabajo.
• Programa de fortalecimiento institucional para la promoción del empleo decente en Colombia - Evaluación final 5. En una estrategia de soluciones sectoriales como la que utilizó el Proyecto para los talleres de sensibilización y capacitación en formalización, los usuarios de estos servicios son especialmente sensibles a los mensajes comunicacionales. El mensaje de “formalización a tu medida” utilizado inicialmente en el Proyecto para la convocatoria a estos talleres generó alguna confusión y un exceso de expectativas en algunos empresarios que acudieron a los talleres pensando que se daría alguna ley especial sobre temas laborales; aunque luego se solucionó el tema cuando se empieza a utilizar el mensaje de “Colombia trabaja formal”.
• Programa de fortalecimiento institucional para la promoción del empleo decente en Colombia - Evaluación final 7. Los plazos que se definan para llevar a cabo un determinado producto deben tomar en cuenta la relación existente entre las instancias involucradas en su ejecución, y además el cumplimiento de estos plazos pueden alterarse por factores que no controla el Proyecto, tales como cambios de personal en estas instancias. En relación a lo primero, el Ministerio de Trabajo es relativamente nuevo, cuando inició el Proyecto apenas tenía dos años de creado, y los dos Vice Ministerios (Empleo y Pensiones, y Relaciones Laborales e Inspecciones) no habían trabajado de manera coordinada en algún proyecto o línea de intervención específica, lo cual contribuyó a alargar el proceso de validación del kit de formalización. Respecto a lo segundo, el Proyecto tuvo que lidiar con el cambio de personal del Ministerio de Trabajo en muchas de las áreas clave para su ejecución, que por lo general ocasionaban retrasos por el tiempo que debe tomar quien asume un nuevo cargo para enterarse de los productos y acciones que se están llevando a cabo con el Proyecto y dar la continuidad necesaria a estos productos y acciones.
• Promoting the effective governance of labour migration from South Asia - Final evaluation The important lessons learnt is the importance of the adapting interventions to the local situation in the country and plan them in early stage in the process together with constituents. To some extent, the SALM Project showed that it allows for experimentation and exploration, followed only then by implementation. At this point in time, this is a rather rare strength of a development project. Labour migration is a complex issue that should be approached from various angles by stakeholders with effective collaboration.
• Promoting the effective governance of labour migration from South Asia - Final evaluation Regular and sustained communication between Project Management, and the tripartite partners can prevent misunderstandings. Through regular communication the building of trust is substantially enhanced. Regular communication could typically include PAC meetings; regular bilateral meetings with the Government, the trade union and the employers’ organisations and recruitment agencies by the Project staff in target countries.
• Extending social protection access and portability to migrant workers and their families through selected RECs in Africa (EC through ICMPD) - Final evaluation In every new project organize the first Project Steering Committee meeting within the first half year of the effective start of the project.. If this would have been done in the present project, it would not only have been possible to identify much earlier the need for human resources support for the EAC, but would also have allowed for the conducting of two more PSC meetings, i.e. in the second and in the third year (face-to-face or virtual). This is the more important in view of the crucial role the PSC is expected to play in communication and in ownership and would have enhanced the opportunities for RECs and regional employers’ and workers’ organisations of ’learning from each other’ which was considered as an important element in the project..
• Extending social protection access and portability to migrant workers and their families through selected RECs in Africa (EC through ICMPD) - Final evaluation he inclusion of the informal economy in projects on social protection/portability of benefits can only be very exploratory.
• Extending social protection access and portability to migrant workers and their families through selected RECs in Africa (EC through ICMPD) - Final evaluation Requests from one of the main project partners for human resources support should be accommodated as early as possible, if not the project might run into serious delays.
• ILO-Sida Partnership Evaluation: Phase II on Outcome 18: Entry into force of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 Impact: Training impact assessments allow the evaluation of the application of the knowledge gained by participants in their jobs, actions they have taken, and constraints faced to apply knowledge acquired.
• ILO-Sida Partnership Evaluation: Phase II on Outcome 18: Entry into force of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 Relevance: a) All States are different, have different maritime interests and needs and require different efforts. Advisory and support activities carried out by the Office must to be adapted to the specific needs of each country; b) ILO meetings and training courses provide national participants with a safe space to settle differences; c) Language barriers have a great impact on participation to capacity building and training initiatives; d) Tools and materials need to be in constant development in order to be responsive to the needs of constituents.
• ILO-Sida Partnership Evaluation: Phase II on Outcome 18: Entry into force of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 Effectiveness: I.)The approach taken of providing support to member States at all stages of the process, including before ratification has proven to be very effective both to obtain ratification but also in the application of the instrument; ii.)By increasing the legal capacities of local legal practitioners the revision and adaptation of maritime legislation can become a local process; iii.) Active learning methodologies used in the programs (and avoiding pure lectures) encourage engaging and in-depth learning; iv.) Course activities that encourage sharing of national practices and experiences promote a bi-directional dialogue that ensures greater retention and learning; v.) Bringing together so many participants with numerous years of expertise on maritime issues, allows for sharing and acquiring professional judgment; vi.) Reviewing participant¿s profiles and selecting participants to trainings, ensures that their work roles and responsibilities are directly related with the training curricula and are in positions to use the knowledge and skills acquired; vii.) Training needs assessments are a useful tool to adapt training and capacity building content to the needs of participants; and viii.) Trainings conducted in the field have proven to be a good way of bringing the knowledge and expertise to different regions to train larger groups of legal experts who otherwise would not have been able to build their skills on the MLC, 2006.
• ILO-Sida Partnership Evaluation: Phase II on Outcome 18: Entry into force of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 Efficiency: a) Global support materials are an efficient way to scale efforts and motivate wider impact; b) Using different communication channels to disseminate materials is an efficient resource to bring relevant information to constituents on ratification and implementation; and c) The training of trainers approach has a greater impact than the standard training to build technical capacities and proves to be an efficient option to increase capacities and skills.
• ILO-Sida Partnership Evaluation: Phase II on Outcome 18: Entry into force of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 Sustainability: Legal gap analyses have followed a development process that builds local capacity, promotes national ownership and responsibility and encourages social dialogue
• Prevent and reduce child labor in Viet Nam - Midterm Evaluation The use of social media is extremely effective in reaching large numbers of the general public. The ENHANCE project used social media (and local celebrities as a messenger) during the World Day Against Child Labour (WDACL) campaign which appeared to be extremely effective. On June 12, 2016, the focus was on ending child labour in supply chains. The message was clear - the risk that child labour may be present in supply chains should be well addressed for the future of young generations, as well as for Vietnam’s deeper economic integration goal. A two-minute animation video clip was produced in Vietnamese/English, and aired seven times on national television. The clip was shared widely in the Facebook pages by many popular key opinion leaders and actors. The June 2017 WDACL contained a reportage and a video clip on television and a radio clip of child labour prevention in natural disasters was produced, and aired on National TV and on provincial television and radio stations more than 250 times. It is estimated that the clips have reached nearly 3.4 million viewers. However with social media message delivery continues. The message content is still being delivered, although it may no longer be tracked.
• UN Green Jobs Programme: Enhancing competitiveness and sustainable business among MMEs in the building construction industry (phase II) ILO Component - Midterm evaluation All participating UN agencies in a private sector development programme need to operate in a private sector mode even in their traditional mandate areas. This approach allows for stronger collaboration and coherence in the delivery of the Programme towards meeting its enterprise development and growth objectives. It requires agencies to move outside their comfort zones and engage at a different level that ensures delivery of private sector development outputs/outcomes which are at a higher level than at household and community level.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation Project design – While the specific circumstances of this project’s development were unusual and required the project to be approved before the usual consultation and design work had been done, this contributed greatly to the delay in project implementation. In the future, when circumstances lead to the initial approval of a project that needs subsequent more detailed design work, either the design process needs to be completed much sooner (i.e. within three months, not after fifteen) or a more realistic implementation schedule needs to be set (either by extending the period of implementation or reducing the technical and/or geographic scope of activities).
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation Involvement of key stakeholders - Project planning needs to ensure that all key stakeholders are involved in overall project design and management and are allowed to fully contribute to the achievement of project objectives. In this case, it would also have been useful to enhance the role played by the Russian Ministry of Labour in project governance, particularly in relation to the project’s operation in CIS countries. Not only does this Ministry have a good understanding of the challenges faced in TVET development in these countries, but also there are specific policy development issues there that would benefit from its input – for example, labour migration into Russia.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation Capacity building supporting key TVET reforms – The project demonstrated the benefits of working with stakeholders to equip them with the skills they need to better understand systemic weaknesses, such as training not matching current employer skills requirements.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation Staffing – To minimize the risk of projects being hindered by long delays in the recruitment of key personnel, a staffing and technical support strategy needs to be included in project design. Ideally, project staffing should be in place from project commencement. Risk management plans need to identify effective contingency plans for the loss of key staff.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation STED - (or something similar) should be considered for inclusion in projects focusing on TVET system reform as a practical demonstration of engaging with industry.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation Developing and testing new tools and methods – The tools developed and tested through the project (the TVET Simulation Tool and the Skills Foresight Tool) were very well received and were considered innovative and engaging. However, a clearer vision for the longer-term application of these tools should have been articulated in the project design. This would have ensured that project management could maximise future benefits through the implementation process.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation STED Implementation – The project demonstrated that there are benefits in delivering some activities quickly – even before analysis is fully complete. This serves to cement stakeholder engagement and give confidence that it will not just be an analytic exercise. Of course, it is also necessary to ensure that the analysis is done more quickly.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation Management – Splitting the management of projects into two (in this case, a CTA managing the CIS countries and the SKOLKOVO components, and a technical specialist covering Vietnam and Jordan) risks reducing overall project cohesion and synergy. Technical backstopping capacity of the field offices and the inter-regional nature of projects need to be properly considered.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation Project governance – Early and regular involvement of the donor in the Project Advisory Committee is essential, especially when the donor has had no prior involvement in technical cooperation projects with the ILO. In this project, for reasons that are still unclear, the PAC did not have a formal meeting until May 2015.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase I) - Final Evaluation Balancing project flexibility and strategic planning – While the capacity of a project to quickly respond to emerging opportunities and immediate needs is an overall design strength, such flexibility needs to be balanced with a strong overall project implementation plan that focuses on key priorities and measurable outcomes. If this plan is weak, there is a risk that activities will be approved that offer only a marginal contribution to the achievement of project goals. Wherever possible, activities should align with short, medium and long-term TVET reform plans. The ILO could play an important role in helping countries develop such plans in line with the G20 Training Strategy’s “building blocks”.
• Apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil (Proyecto Iniciativa) y Estrategias para Acelerar el Ritmo de Eliminación de las ... - Final cluster evaluation Modelo de intervención intersectorial integrada a acciones territoriales contribuye para la aceleración de la erradicación del trabajo infantil en Brasil y en la Región.  El rediseño del Programa de Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil fue parte de los compromisos asumidos en la III CGTI, 2013. En este contexto, la OIT asistió el Proyecto MDS para implementación del rediseño que fue estructurado en cinco áreas: i. Información y movilización, ii. Identificación, iii. Defensa y responsabilidad, iv. Protección social, y v. Monitoreo. Aunque la relación entre el Proyecto MDS con la IR sea limitada después de la III CGTI, el rediseño del PETI proporcionó una oportunidad de aprendizaje para los países miembros de la Iniciativa interesados en los beneficios traídos por la abordaje intersectorial organizada en los ejes estratégicos.
• Apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil (Proyecto Iniciativa) y Estrategias para Acelerar el Ritmo de Eliminación de las ... - Final cluster evaluation Implementación del principio de la horizontalidad y de beneficios mutuos de la CSSTr. A lo largo de la implementación del Proyecto Iniciativa, los puntos focales y miembros de la Secretaría Técnica identificaron una fuerte predominancia en el rol de Brasil como oferente de cooperación. Aunque el país sea reconocido como referencia en la prevención y reducción de TI, los principios de la CSSTr defienden que todo país cooperante tiene algo que enseñar pero también que aprender. Así, Brasil alcanzó un mayor balance en la relación con los otros países miembros de la IR, reconociendo sus necesidades y demandas específicas, como, por ejemplo, la experiencia de la creación de una Red de Empresas contra el TI, a partir de la experiencia exitosa de Colombia y Ecuador. Esa aprendizaje, que implementa el principio de la horizontalidad, se mostró importante para promover la alternancia de protagonistas y para compartir responsabilidades entre los países miembros, que se sienten más apropiados de la IR.
• Apoyo a la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe libre de Trabajo Infantil (Proyecto Iniciativa) y Estrategias para Acelerar el Ritmo de Eliminación de las ... - Final cluster evaluation Integración de los países del Caribe en la IR. Los puntos focales de los países del Caribe, en especial los países anglófonos de la subregión, enfrentaron dificultades, en el comienzo de la IR, en integrarse a las actividades: el tema del idioma, por ejemplo, fue mencionado como una limitación importante a la participación en las reuniones virtuales. Así, el proyecto no solo desarrolló soluciones para la traducción de las reuniones webex sino que también contrató, en 2016, a un coordinador para que coordinara los estados miembros del Caribe dentro de la IR, con base en la oficina de la OIT en Puerto España, Trinidad y Tobago. A partir de entonces, otros países de la región se sumaron a la IR y los países miembros organizaron una demanda conjunta por desarrollo de capacidades sobre el tema de la transición escuela-trabajo, de donde se inició el subproyecto Caribe. El aprendizaje de los socios cooperantes, por lo tanto, está relacionado con una atención especial al tema del idioma para facilitar la participación efectiva de un grupo de países miembros.
• ACI 2: Jobs and skills for youth - Thematic funding of the SIDA-ILO partnership - Final evaluation The ILO is exceptionally fit to develop interventions in the field of youth employment because it has a unique experience and technical capacities in this area. Additionally, the ILO possesses extensive knowledge of needs and support required by countries and maintains excellent relationships with its constituents (e.g. governments, trade unions, employers’ organizations and civil society organizations).
• ACI 2: Jobs and skills for youth - Thematic funding of the SIDA-ILO partnership - Final evaluation The reduced Programme implementation schedule, the ambitious objectives pursued by the country projects and the large amount of products to be delivered added extra pressure on ILO staff and national partners, which in some instances might have produced some unintended friction.
• ACI 2: Jobs and skills for youth - Thematic funding of the SIDA-ILO partnership - Final evaluation In the mid-term, the Sida/ILO Partnership should be based on programmatic and strategic interventions aimed at contributing to long-term outcomes.
• ACI 2: Jobs and skills for youth - Thematic funding of the SIDA-ILO partnership - Final evaluation Short term projects that intend to shape policies and policy-making to tackle youth employment challenges are not likely to generate a significant impact since they require mid-term and long-term processes. The issues addressed by the Sida/ILO partnership require an extended period of time to achieve, consolidate and evaluate results.
• ACI 2: Jobs and skills for youth - Thematic funding of the SIDA-ILO partnership - Final evaluation In the next phase, it is fundamental to carefully align implementation procedures to administrative and funding processes and take into account possible delays. These possible delays, along with national political agendas and institutional capacities and priorities, should also be taken into consideration when planning country-level interventions’ objectives and deliverables.
• Promoting decent work through improved migration policy and its application in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The project was characterized by a very comprehensive approach which was necessary to overcome the high degree of fragmentation, that prevailed at the time of its conception, in providing responses to international migration challenges. By inter-linking all relevant dimensions of labour migration and bringing together for the first time all fundamental actors in this domain, the project represented a first attempt of coordinated action in this field. This approach should be directly credited with the impressive achievements reached, particularly as regards policy development and a strengthened institutional framework and commitments concerning outreach and social protection.
• Promoting decent work through improved migration policy and its application in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation The project, by bringing together all different categories of stakeholders and allowing all constituents to participate in the elaboration of the various activities, directly contributed to a dialogue shift which should prove its significance beyond the scope of an individual project.
• Promoting decent work through improved migration policy and its application in Bangladesh - Final Evaluation Flexibility of design and in implementation turned out to be very beneficial for the actual achievement of the intended results in view of the participatory approach followed in all phases of the project cycle.
• Better Work in Cambodia Phase II Multiple Donors - Midterm evaluation Potential exists to expand use of BFC’s hard-won “convening power” to facilitate collective processes for change: Several stakeholders referred to BFC’s “convening power” as an asset that has been hard won over 17 years of presence in Cambodia. The potential exists for this widely acknowledged asset to be further judiciously and strategically employed to facilitate systemic change, including through enhanced collaboration and synergies amongst the multiplicity of external actors now engaged in the sector
• Better Work in Cambodia Phase II Multiple Donors - Midterm evaluation The development of a complex relationship such as that between BFC and the MOLVT is a multi-layered and long-term process: Several factors influence such a process in the Cambodian context. These include the attention to national sovereignty and ownership issues that increasingly underpin RGC relations with the international community generally; and the impact of generally low capacity “starting levels’ across government ministries and departments in terms of resources, facilities, and skills.
• Better Work in Cambodia Phase II Multiple Donors - Midterm evaluation A strategic orientation to stakeholder engagement brings new opportunities and leverage for BFC: BFC has increased its leverage to extend and sustain changes at policy and factory levels through the development of its relationship with the Cambodia Ministry of Economy and Finance ( MEF), the expansion of brand/buyer relations and its reaching out to international manufacturers/investors , among other initiatives. Such developments demonstrate the importance of looking beyond established relationships to tap into new and emerging sources of influence, and contribute to widening the network for sustainable change at country level.
• Better Work in Cambodia Phase II Multiple Donors - Midterm evaluation BFC’s rich factory / sector-based database holds significant potential as a driver for change: As several stakeholders observed, BFC has access to a longstanding rich database covering most aspects of factory life as they concern both workers and managers in Cambodia. Strategically analyzed and applied, such data can inter alia (i) add significant authority to research, policy advocacy and public outreach in line with BFC’s core mandate; (ii) inform the targeting and design of initiatives to promote change at factory level; (iii) improve organizational performance and the quality of core services and (iv) provide feedback which can improve individual staff effectiveness in their roles
• Better Work in Cambodia Phase II Multiple Donors - Midterm evaluation Understanding deeper inhibiters and enablers of change is crucial to strengthening BFC’s longer term impact and the sustainability of its impact, outcomes and capacities: Several stakeholders highlighted the importance of what they perceived as BFC’s shift from compliance per se (as foundational as this is) to more systemic change, evidenced by BFC’s role in the development of the national garment sector strategy (see good practice below). BFC’s increased focus in staff professional development on “drivers of change, learning chain and systems approaches reflects these understandings and represent a significant enhancement of BFC’s critical capacities to contribute to systemic and sustainable change in Cambodia’s garment sector.
• Centre of Excellence for RMG to implement certified training within the national skills development framework of Bangladesh - Final evaluation An important lesson learned of the ILO COE project is the need for realistic time frames and goals when planning interventions related to set up an independent institution - the Centre of Excellence for Bangladesh Apparel Industry (CEBAI), which will be able to develop a sustainable strategy for the industry. Administrative and institutional changes take time, and the duration of project is too short (just 36 months including 6 months of inception phase), and goals too ambitious, to achieve intended results. Therefore, technical assistance offered in the field of establishment of a replicable model of an industry driven training and support services Centre of Excellence and meeting the skilled labour force needs of the export oriented RGM industry should be planned for a longer period of time, possibly in the form of a programme rather than projects, to allow for the generation of lasting results and impact. Allocation of sufficient time is required for preparatory phase (9-12 months) for being able to attain all approvals from the Government and make recruitment of staff prior to the project start. Setting up of the Center of Excellence requires longer term engagements (at least 5 years) to allow for the generation of lasting results and sustainability. More coordination and collaboration with national counterparts are needed for ensuring the ownership. The project management structure should be well-thought and based on the project scope. Internal accountability mechanisms within the executing agency should be clearly established and followed. The availability of data is crucial to see the progress of the project during the implementation; also, in order to initiate corrective measures in case something needs to be changed. Monitoring and evaluation tools and database could ensure that the desired objectives have been achieved. Monitoring should be a project activity in its own right, to make sure it gets the appropriate attention.
• Combatting unacceptable forms of work in the Thai fishing and seafood industry (Better Fisheries Programme) - Final evaluation Significant political pressure is needed to effect major legal reforms. In February 2016, with the support of the European Union (EU), the International Labour Organization (ILO) launched a four-year, €4.2 million project titled, Combatting Unacceptable Forms of Work in the Thai Fishing and Seafood Industry (THA/15/03/EUR - 105548).
  
  The project aimed to “prevent and reduce forced labour, child labour and other unacceptable forms of work and progressively eliminate the exploitation of workers, particularly migrant workers, in the Thai fishing and seafood processing sectors.” In this regard, one of the project objectives was to strengthen the applicable legal framework, including the ratification and implementation of the 2014 Protocol to the Forced Labor Convention (P29) and the Work in Fishing Convention (C188.)
  
  At the time the project was designed, Thailand faced the prospect of significant consumer backlash and trade sanctions, particularly in the United States and Europe. A series of reports on poor conditions within the fishing and seafood-processing sector began to appear in 2012. Trafficking issues in the fishing and seafood-processing sector (as well as other sectors) led the US State Department to downgrade Thailand from Tier 2 to Tier 3 status in the Trafficking in Persons Report 2014. On 21 April 2015, the European Commission put Thailand on formal notice (“Yellow Card”) for failing to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, requiring the country to implement corrective measures in order to avoid a ban on exports of fishery products to the EU. While IUU standards do not make explicit mention of employment or working conditions, it was generally understood that the EU expected Thailand to take action on this front as well, including the ratification of the P29 Protocol and C188. The country was initially given six month to comply with stated requirements; however, the deadline was subsequently extended.
• Combatting unacceptable forms of work in the Thai fishing and seafood industry (Better Fisheries Programme) - Final evaluation Success is dependent on the capacity of implementation partners.
• Combatting unacceptable forms of work in the Thai fishing and seafood industry (Better Fisheries Programme) - Final evaluation Projects need to be tailored to conditions in each country, recognizing the specific political situation and capacity of existing institutions.
• Combatting unacceptable forms of work in the Thai fishing and seafood industry (Better Fisheries Programme) - Final evaluation ILO and donors need to be prepared to work in a country over a long period of time, particularly in countries with limited capacity and/or entrenched bureaucracies.
• Promotion du dialogue social et renforcement de la gouvernance du travail en Tunisie (Phase I) - Évaluation final L’appropriation du projet par les parties prenantes contribue à son bon déroulement. Cette appropriation a été favorisée par la mise en place d’un groupe de travail tripartite
• Promotion du dialogue social et renforcement de la gouvernance du travail en Tunisie (Phase I) - Évaluation final Les rapports de confiance ont été établis par un travail en amont avec les leaders décisionnels.
• Promotion du dialogue social et renforcement de la gouvernance du travail en Tunisie (Phase I) - Évaluation final L’adaptation du projet aux besoins ou aux évolutions de la situation locale permet de consolider sa mise en œuvre, même si elle nécessite quelques changements d’objectifs. ex : soutien à la proposition de création d’un Conseil national du dialogue social, se substituant à la revitalisation de l’ancienne commission nationale peu utilisée, qui était l’objectif initial.
• Promotion du dialogue social et renforcement de la gouvernance du travail en Tunisie (Phase I) - Évaluation final La réalisation des objectifs doit être ajustée aux moyens et au calendrier du projet. Malgré un investissement important en termes de formations, d’études et de conférences tripartites, le projet n’a accompli que des progrès limités dans les domaines de définition des critères de représentativité des organisations syndicales et d’employeurs pourtant clé des avancées futures en matière d’institutions du dialogue social et de négociation collective au niveau national et local.
• Improving Working Conditions in the Ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Multiple donors - Final Evaluation In the case that circumstances force an ILO project to be based on an emergency design, it is imperative to have one or more experts from the nearby DWT, or from HQ Geneva, design a proper Results Framework, LogFrame and Theory of Change when local project staff could not yet be hired. Such an input of regional and HQ experts is one of the main strengths of the ILO.
• Improving Working Conditions in the Ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Multiple donors - Final Evaluation The lesson learned is that after such a disaster as the Rana Plaza collapse the circumstances are conducive to most stakeholders to move towards labour law reforms even if the reform is only partial. It is more important that (limited) changes are made than that a push for broader reforms would jeopardize the entire operation.
• Improving Working Conditions in the Ready-made Garment Sector in Bangladesh - Multiple donors - Final Evaluation If one of the social partners is much better organized and more influential than the other partner, ILO programmes have more difficulty in balancing interventions among those partners.
• Technical cooperation project in Qatar - Final evaluation ILO’s supervisory function is an effective and relevant driver for legislative reform, The ILO supervisory mechanism is able to leverage ILO technical assistance in order to bring legislation and national practices into conformity with ratified conventions and increase engagement with social partners while supporting multiple partnerships with governments.
• Technical cooperation project in Qatar - Final evaluation Social dialogue, based on trust, direct communication and tripartite consultations, together with governmental commitment and political will, are key for creating an enabling environment that makes labour reform viable.
• Technical cooperation project in Qatar - Final evaluation A gradual and systematic approach, based on a clear roadmap towards implementing labour law reforms, may be an effective way to promote Member States compliance with ILS
• Technical cooperation project in Qatar - Final evaluation The role of the ILO Social Partners is of capital importance in leveraging the supervisory system of the ILO for legislative reform
• Good Governance through Labour Administration and Labour Inspection - Final Evaluation As an OBPF initiative, the project was initiated ILO CO-Jakarta developed a logframe based on the HQ LABADMIN/OSH project logframe, effectively linking the OBPF Project and their plan for the use of funds to their CPO related to labour administration and labour inspection. The evaluation identified this as best practice as the HQ-drafted logframe for the Project was generally not a relevant and known document at the country level. The other 7 countries participating in the Project were not cognizant of the log frame. ILO CO-Jakarta’s initiative helped monitoring of activities at both the country level and HQ level in identifying progress made toward reaching desired outcomes.
• Better work Jordan - Phase II - Final Evaluation Continued training, advisory services and audits may not necessarily lead to sustained improvements within an industry without addressing Decent Work objectives at the national level, including promotion of freedom of association and collective bargaining and a common minimum wage for all workers.
• Chantier-école d'entretien routier en Mauritanie - Evaluation final Les actions conçues en matière de formation duale doivent tenir compte des contextes nationaux et locaux.
• Chantier-école d'entretien routier en Mauritanie - Evaluation final Lorsque l’on mène un projet qui a pour but d’influencer des pratiques et politiques institutionnelles, il est important de bien prendre en compte les atouts et les défis de telles institutions.
• Chantier-école d'entretien routier en Mauritanie - Evaluation final Il est nécessaire de prendre en considération que la formation technique et professionnelle est plus coûteuse que l´enseignement général (primaire et secondaire) et qu´elle nécessite des processus à moyen et long termes.
• Outcome 11: Strengthening workplace compliance through labour inspection - ILO-Norway Partnership - Final evaluation Lesson learned 1 on adequate project strategy to face the problem analysis. The design of the project includes a sound strategy to face problem analysis. The three outcomes proposed for addressing it are highly relevant: institutional capacity development, human capacity development and cooperation between different actors. However, at the country level, national log frames do not reflect the global results chain. This means that in each country, the project loses its connection with the other distinct elements of the results chain, diminishing the effect of the project’s theory of change. Theory of change reflected in the log frame should be kept at country level.
• Outcome 11: Strengthening workplace compliance through labour inspection - ILO-Norway Partnership - Final evaluation Lesson learned 2 on promoting peer-to-peer activities and presentation of constituents’ experiences in the Academy.
  The ability to learn from countries in similar stages of socio-economic development was also much appreciated by participants in the Academy. Therefore, it is advisable that the Turin Centre and LABADMIN/OSH explore more peer activities in the Academy. It would also be advisable to analyse the possibilities of expanding the sort of issues that are asked about with closed question on satisfaction questionnaires. This will enable evaluation of training based on other criteria, such as the degree of satisfaction and learning that is achieved through peer activities.
  
• Outcome 11: Strengthening workplace compliance through labour inspection - ILO-Norway Partnership - Final evaluation Lesson learned 4 on the importance of needs assessments for technical cooperation on Labour Inspection/OSH interventions.
  Cooperation with employers, workers and their organizations is vital for identifying compliance trends in the world of work and the concerns of the ultimate beneficiaries of labour inspection action. Identifying their needs and capacities (as well as those from labour administrations) is crucial to design an effective intervention. Therefore needs assessments have to be conducted in advance to approve a working plan in order to assure ownership and therefore effectiveness and sustainability.
  
• Outcome 11: Strengthening workplace compliance through labour inspection - ILO-Norway Partnership - Final evaluation Lesson learned 3 on promoting South – South Cooperation on Labour Inspection/OSH interventions.
  The exchange of experiences in labour inspection has been feasible in the project in the frame of the ASEAN Labour Inspection Conference where several constituents did participate. The fact that three countries belonged to the same region, allowed the inclusion of this South-South cooperation activity in the project. Promoting this type of exchanges strengthens national capacities, therefore this type of technical cooperation projects should be encouraged.
  
• Improving the garment sector in Lao PDR: Compliance through inspection and dialogue - Final Evaluation Changing or establishing policies can be slow moving, and if certain project activities are dependent upon policies being approved, then projects need to be designed to allow enough time for this approval to take place.
• Improving the garment sector in Lao PDR: Compliance through inspection and dialogue - Final Evaluation The longer-term strategy for Labour Inspectors work needs to be considered earlier on in the project. The project has relied on Labour Inspectors providing guidance in developing WICs and WIPs including regular visits.
• Improving the garment sector in Lao PDR: Compliance through inspection and dialogue - Final Evaluation Replicating elements of Better Work is difficult without mandatory requirements for enterprises, or stronger incentives to participate.
• Improving the garment sector in Lao PDR: Compliance through inspection and dialogue - Final Evaluation Gender mainstreaming should be included as an immediate objective or series of outputs, and a suitable implementing partner identified at the beginning of the project
• Public-Private partnership (PPP) between the chocolate and cocoa industry and the ILO in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire - Final Evaluation Throughout the project’s duration we have learned that it is crucial to carefully align implementation procedures to administrative and funding processes and take into account possible delays (which are more likely when working in tandem with other project timelines).
• Public-Private partnership (PPP) between the chocolate and cocoa industry and the ILO in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire - Final Evaluation When selecting beneficiaries in local communities we have learned that it is important to include all of the children in the community affected by the problem considered as well as their families (as direct or indirect beneficiaries).
• Public-Private partnership (PPP) between the chocolate and cocoa industry and the ILO in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire - Final Evaluation This project has reflected that the best strategy for addressing a complex issue such as Child Labour, which involves many actors and has many causes, is an integrated approach like the one ILO-IPEC has adopted.
• Public-Private partnership (PPP) between the chocolate and cocoa industry and the ILO in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire - Final Evaluation Addressing child labor in the sector is a possible entry point for the industry to address some of the challenges it faces and improve the cocoa sector while improving living standards for the local communities.
• Promoting Rights and Opportunities for People with Disabilities in Employment through Legislation. (PROPEL: Phase 2) - Final Independent Evaluation Attitudinal changes have been effective in supporting change but are most sustainable when support is given to constituent and implementing partners, beneficiaries and institutions in developing and instituting next steps.
• Promoting Rights and Opportunities for People with Disabilities in Employment through Legislation. (PROPEL: Phase 2) - Final Independent Evaluation PROPEL’s limited resources means it is most efficient when partnering with other organizations and funding resources. This allows ILO and its implementing partners to ensure the project reaches more ultimate beneficiaries.
• Promoting Rights and Opportunities for People with Disabilities in Employment through Legislation. (PROPEL: Phase 2) - Final Independent Evaluation Significant praise was given to ILO by implementing partners, particularly local DPOs who felt that ILO have shown considerable flexibility in allowing them to develop projects that responded to the needs they had identified for their beneficiaries. The bottom-up approach helped ensure that the project remained relevant to the partner organizations, and was supported by the strong relationships the NPCs have built up with DPOs and NGOs.
• Promoting Rights and Opportunities for People with Disabilities in Employment through Legislation. (PROPEL: Phase 2) - Final Independent Evaluation Country context is important in developing PROPEL’s programs. PROPEL has been successfully in developing the Quality Circle to provide support and ideas discussion between NPCs. However the initiatives cannot simply be picked up and replicated in other countries. Instead, PROPEL should continue to provide a system where NPCs can communicate with each other and discuss common challenges, present examples of how problems where dealt with, and highlight what worked well. NPCs can continue to use these sessions to identity what can be applied to their contexts but also where individual approaches are needed. Evaluation recommendations should be considered with country contexts in mind.
• Promoting Rights and Opportunities for People with Disabilities in Employment through Legislation. (PROPEL: Phase 2) - Final Independent Evaluation Joint funding initiatives give ILO a good opportunity to strengthen their standing on disability in the UN system. PROPEL has allowed ILO to leverage its position as a disability expert in the UN system, particularly through the UNPRDP. ILO offers a unique value add to the disability sector through linking employment initiatives to non-discrimination at work (including disability). Using these opportunities strengthens ILO’s position to lead on disability.
• From the crisis towards decent and safe jobs in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Phase I - Midterm Evaluation The important lessons learnt is the importance of the adapting interventions to the local situation in the country and plan them in early stage in the process together with constituents. To some extent, the DW II Project showed that it allows for experimentation and exploration, followed only then by implementation. At this point in time, this is a rather rare strength of a development project. Here, the basic assumption is that if labour management systems are facilitated to change from within, rather than through a number of direct and distorting interventions, better and more sustainable results can be achieved.
• From the crisis towards decent and safe jobs in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Phase I - Midterm Evaluation Regular and sustained communication between Project Management, and the tripartite partners can prevent misunderstandings. Through regular communication the building of trust is substantially enhanced. Regular communication could typically include National Project Advisory Groups meetings; regular bilateral meetings with the Government, the trade union and the employers’ organisations and business associations by the Moscow-based Senior Specialists, National Coordinators and Project staff in target countries.
• Fortalecimiento de los espacios institucionales de diálogo social y la participación tripartita de los actores sociales a nivel departamental en Colombia - Evaluación final El apoyo a las subcomisiones con enfoque diferencial regional garantiza mayor efectividad y sostenibilidad
  El apoyo a las subcomisiones debe tener en cuenta las diferencias regionales, las diferencias entre el rol de los actores a nivel nacional y el rol de los actores a nivel local, las diferencias en las dinámicas económicas de las regiones
  Tener dinámicas regionales diferenciadas de la subcomisiones va a hacer más efectiva y sostenible la consecución de retos y cambios No se pueden tratar de la misma manera las subcomisiones, hay diferencias regionales profundas, que requieren retos y estrategias distintas.
  No son lo mismo los actores tripartitos a nivel nacional que a nivel local. Sus modos de pensar, enfocar y evaluar la relevancia de los espacios de diálogo, dependen de sus roles, intencionalidades y retos
  
  Los gobiernos locales están más enfocados en el empleo que en la protección y garantía del trabajo decente, por lo general no consideran como parte de sus funciones la protección y garantía de los derechos fundamentales, y por ende contribuir en la prevención y solución de conflictos laborales
  
  
• Fortalecimiento de los espacios institucionales de diálogo social y la participación tripartita de los actores sociales a nivel departamental en Colombia - Evaluación final La incorporación orgánica de las Secretarías Técnicas a las Direcciones Territoriales como parte del rol y misión de estas, garantiza la continuidad y sostenibilidad de las subcomisiones. Sin embargo conseguirlo implica cambios profundos en la concepción, enfoque y misión de las Direcciones territoriales.
• Fortalecimiento de los espacios institucionales de diálogo social y la participación tripartita de los actores sociales a nivel departamental en Colombia - Evaluación final La subcomisión “funciona bien”, si hay un equilibrio, en la dinámica de la subcomisión, entre la labor de promoción de Trabajo Decente y la labor de solución de conflictos laborales
• Promoting Fundamental Rights and Labour Relations in Export Oriented Industries in Bangladesh - Final evaluation An important lesson learned of the FRLR project is the need for realistic time frames and goals when planning interventions related to FPRW and social dialogue. Legal, administrative and institutional changes take time, and the initial duration of project was too short, and goals too ambitious, to achieve intended results. Therefore, technical assistance offered in the field of social dialogue and FPRW should be planned for a longer period of time, possibly in the form of a programme rather than projects, to allow for the generation of lasting results and impact.
• Promoting Fundamental Rights and Labour Relations in Export Oriented Industries in Bangladesh - Final evaluation In an environment that lacks awareness of FPRW and social dialogue, the international labour standards and collective bargaining, freedom of association, the media may come in as an important transmission belt in reaching out for many more people that any project can do. A media component appears to be a must for all the projects of this type.
• From the crisis towards decent and safe jobs in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Phase II (DW II project) - Final Evaluation As showed experience of conducting advocacy campaign by trade unions in Tajikistan, investing in an effective and topical information and outreach campaign can contribute to an increase in the Trade Union’s membership or the increase of new members in trade unions.
• From the crisis towards decent and safe jobs in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Phase II (DW II project) - Final Evaluation Risk Assessment Knowledge and Skills put in practice by Labour Inspectors lead to the decreased traumatism at the work place.
• Promoting decent work through good governance, protection and empowerment of migrant workers: Ensuring the effective implentation of the Sri Lanka National Labour Migration Policy - Final evaluation A project advisory or steering committee is needed especially for complex projects. An important lesson learned from the LM policy project is that there is a need for a body to oversee and advise during project implementation. This to avoid that a project becomes personalized and to secure higher level of ownership among constituents and other stakeholders. The relevance and outcomes of a project will be strengthened when such a mechanism is in place. It is strongly recommended to have a steering committee that meets regularly; overseeing and advising the individual project to give political guidance and also contributing to creating a local ownership to the intervention.
• Promoting decent work through good governance, protection and empowerment of migrant workers: Ensuring the effective implentation of the Sri Lanka National Labour Migration Policy - Final evaluation Securing maximum involvement of constituents on high profile labour market policy issues. Labour migration is an issue of objective interest for all three constituents. If involvement of constituents is not clearly spelled out in the project design and its management structure in such a way that it invite maximum participation from constituents, in accordance with normal ILO practises, there is a risk that it is not going to materialize. Having in mind the mandate of the ILO it is of the highest importance to secure the active involvement of all three constituents especially on such important labour market political issues as labour migration both out-bound and in-bound.
• Promoting decent work through good governance, protection and empowerment of migrant workers: Ensuring the effective implentation of the Sri Lanka National Labour Migration Policy - Final evaluation Labour migration in- and outbound should be seen as part of a broader employment strategy. The influence of labour migration on the Sri Lankan labour market is very high this becomes even more evident with the increasing regular and irregular inbound labour migration. The migration has both positive and negative impact, it is therefore important to make strategical choices to minimize the negative and maximize the positive impact. Inbound migration can be a sensitive issue especially for the workers side, their involvement in the policy development is therefore extraordinary important.
• ILO/Korea Partnership Programme Towards the Realization of the Asian Decent Work Decade - Final Evaluation Avoid scattering resources even when your ambition is to achieve impact in a larger region. The odds are that impact will be minimal and your efforts may even go unnoticed. Furthermore, the likelihood that your impact will be sustainable is comparably low. This is a lesson learned from trying to assist many Asian countries achieving the goals of the Asian Decent Work Decade where we involved some 20 countries with a donor budget that amounted to ca. USD 5 million.
• ILO/Korea Partnership Programme Towards the Realization of the Asian Decent Work Decade - Final Evaluation When labor-related departments of ILO member governments make available funds for TC projects to the ILO, they may ignore TC projects that other departments of the same government are already implementing in recipient countries. It may be mutually beneficial for both departments to cooperate in the field, however, and TC projects can benefit from such a joining of forces. ILO should encourage such cooperation to increase its leverage.
• ILO/Korea Partnership Programme Towards the Realization of the Asian Decent Work Decade - Final Evaluation If we are keen on learning about the efficiency of our projects and programs, the first step is to correctly know about our cost. Efficiency relates to the relationship between inputs (activities) and outputs (results). Benefits sometimes are difficult to measure because not all of them can be expressed in monetary form, and some cannot be quantified. However, costs can always be expressed in monetary form, and we should always be able to fully account for them. Otherwise we lack the denominator of our fraction and cannot assess benefits in proportion.
• ILO/Korea Partnership Programme Towards the Realization of the Asian Decent Work Decade - Final Evaluation Unless result indicators are properly specified according to quality, quantity, time, and location, it is not possibly to measure whether objectives and results leading to the achievement of objectives have been reached. Some projects and programs appear to stop short of this specification. While appropriate indicators have been identified, the last step in making them operational has remained unfinished. This possibly points to insufficient attention or insufficient allocation of resources to indicator specification or monitoring and evaluation more generally.
• ILO/Korea Partnership Programme Towards the Realization of the Asian Decent Work Decade - Final Evaluation Specifying and monitoring assumptions is an important task, no less important than specifying results and activities. For any project or program, careful thought not only needs to be given to the sequencing of activities and results, but also to the assumptions which go with the respective activities and results. They are inseparable elements of the same equation in a strategy designed to achieve outcomes. The logframe of the project or programme cannot go without assumptions. In our case, experts occasionally assumed that lectures and fellowships would be sufficient to trigger specific developments in the partner countries. Had these assumptions been spelled out from the start, stakeholders in partner countries and specialists could have signaled early on that this may not be sufficient in the cases concerned.
• Évaluation groupée des projects Jeun'ess and Fortr'ess - Évaluation groupée mi-parcours Les rencontres bilatérales avec les partenaires techniques et sociaux et les réunions des comités de pilotage des projets JEUN’ESS et FORTER’ESS au niveau national (COPIL) et au niveau régional (CRA) ont permis de préciser les rôles des partenaires dans les étapes de mise en œuvre des différents fonds et activités des projets.
• Évaluation groupée des projects Jeun'ess and Fortr'ess - Évaluation groupée mi-parcours Leçon 2 :L’accompagnement direct apporté aux organisations bénéficiaires du projet a contribué à la consolidation de ces entités et à la relance de leurs activités. Un programme de subventions d’urgence avec des fonds souples permettant de faire face aux dépenses de loyer et des charges fixes, de se réapprovisionner en matière première, d’améliorer les conditions de travail à travers de petits travaux d’aménagement et l’achat d’équipement.
• Évaluation groupée des projects Jeun'ess and Fortr'ess - Évaluation groupée mi-parcours Leçon 3 : Les politiques publiques ont montré l’intérêt pour la promotion de l’ESS. Cependant, les concepts et valeurs de ce secteur sont encore mal assimilés et les expériences terrain peu visibles. A travers une démarche participative et tripartite, les projets interviennent directement auprès des actrices/acteurs du terrain en leur apportant des solutions rapides et concrètes à leurs besoins notamment en période post-covid.
• Évaluation groupée des projects Jeun'ess and Fortr'ess - Évaluation groupée mi-parcours Leçon 4 : Le retard de la mise en place du conseil supérieur de l’ESS et de l’instance Tunisienne de l’économie sociale et solidaire engendre un manque de visibilité quant aux politiques publiques en lien avec le secteur. Cela engendre un mode de gouvernance du projet plus complexe avec des partenaires institutionnels qui peuvent vouloir imposer leurs choix stratégiques en s’accaparant la légitimité de la supervision du secteur. Il était ainsi important de rassembler tous les acteurs. Une commission ESS créée au sein du ministère de l’Economie et de la planification a été appuyé dans son travail sur le plan de développement ce qui a permis de mieux identifier le rôle de chaque ministère dans la gouvernance du secteur de l’ESS. Il est ainsi important de consolider tous les partenariats institutionnels afin d’intervenir efficacement selon la nature de l’activité prévue.
• Évaluation groupée des projects Jeun'ess and Fortr'ess - Évaluation groupée mi-parcours Leçon 5 : L’indépendance des structures bénéficiaires (Organisations féminines de l’ESS et notamment les groupements de développement agricole) vis-à-vis des pouvoirs publics. Ces structures ont besoin de nouer des liens avec les acteurs publics mais doivent au même temps arriver à trouver leur indépendance afin d’évoluer en tant qu’entreprise issues de l’économie sociale et solidaire.
• Évaluation groupée des projects Jeun'ess and Fortr'ess - Évaluation groupée mi-parcours Leçon 6: Le manque de statistiques liées au secteur de l’économie sociale et solidaire et sensibles au genre peut affecter certains choix stratégiques. En effet, le projet FORTER’ESS visait, au départ, l’accompagnement d’au moins 20 structures sur deux gouvernorats. Cependant, il était difficile d’identifier ce nombre ce qui a poussé l’équipe à élargir l’intervention sur 3 gouvernorats en optimisant les ressources humaines disponibles. Les consultations avec le Bureau d’Appui à la Femme rurales ont permis d’avoir des statistiques approximatives mais il est important dans le futur d’avoir des statistiques actualisées et régulièrement mises à jour.
• Youth Entrepreneurship Facility in Uganda - Final Evaluation An important lesson learnt of the YEF-EU project is the need for realistic time frames and goals when planning interventions related to the youth employment (and skills development). Policy, administrative and institutional changes take time, and the initial duration of the project was too short, and the goals too ambitious to achieve the intended results. Therefore, technical assistance offered in the field of youth employment should be planned for a longer period of time, possibly in the form of a programme rather than projects, to allow for the generation of lasting results and impact.
• Youth Entrepreneurship Facility in Uganda - Final Evaluation The important lesson learnt is that the revision of the national policies and educational curriculums requires an extended period of time from the preparation phase to approval. The design then of interventions should take into account this policy process by developing transitional interventions or action programmes in preparation for their eventual implementation.
• Youth Entrepreneurship Facility in Uganda - Final Evaluation In an environment that lacks awareness on the role young people can play in developing sustainable enterprises and creating more productive and decent employment, the media may come in as an important transmission belt in reaching out for many more people that any project can do. A media component appears to be a must for all the projects of this type. The media has also the power of fostering communication and information exchange in order to improve mutual understanding and to mobilise communities and wider society to bring about the necessary change in attitudes and behaviours.
• Improving indigenous peoples' access to justice and development through strategic monitoring - Final Evaluation Project design – testing new tools and methods through pilots. For projects intended to test new tools and methods more attention is needed in project design to defining the desired results of these tests (e.g. learning what approaches works where and why) and to methodically documenting these.
• Improving indigenous peoples' access to justice and development through strategic monitoring - Final Evaluation Project design – number of pilot sites The funds made available for each pilot location were very modest (€25,000 each) compared with other budget line items. In the future, it might be better to consider the benefits of undertaking fewer, better-resourced pilots and documenting the results of these more carefully.
• Improving indigenous peoples' access to justice and development through strategic monitoring - Final Evaluation Project design – including funds for follow up action Indigenous communities have an understandable focus on action and the project created an expectation in the pilot communities that data collection would lead to tangible results. The project was able to meet this expectation to some extent by funding some additional activities, but future projects of this sort need to build this into the overall project strategy.
• Improving indigenous peoples' access to justice and development through strategic monitoring - Final Evaluation Implementation - partnerships The involvement of many international organisations representing different indigenous peoples was a major strength of the project.
• Building effective policies against child labor in Ecuador and Panamá - Final evaluation El diseño de proyectos que inciden en el fortalecimiento de políticas públicas en los niveles nacional y local para la prevención y erradicación del TI (a través de cambios en la legislación laboral, desarrollo de mecanismos innovadores de restitución de derechos de los niños en TI, fomento de la capacitación de funcionarios públicos, entre otras acciones), requiere un exhaustivo conocimiento de la organización del Estado en sus diferentes niveles de gobierno, del grado de desarrollo institucional del Estado, de la existencia y efectividad de las políticas de capacitación del sector público, de la existencia y efectividad del sistema de protección de derechos de la niñez, de la existencia de grupos de interés que pueden ejercer influencia ante posibles cambios en la legislación laboral y del tiempo promedio que demanda realizar cambios a la legislación laboral.
• Building effective policies against child labor in Ecuador and Panamá - Final evaluation La experiencia del proyecto revela la necesidad de tomar en cuenta el ciclo político del país con la finalidad de contar con medidas de mitigación de riesgo debido al potencial impacto del proceso electoral en la ejecución del proyecto y, por lo tanto, en el logro de sus objetivos. Esto cobra especial relevancia considerando que el fortalecimiento de las políticas públicas requiere del compromiso político al más alto nivel.
• Building effective policies against child labor in Ecuador and Panamá - Final evaluation Diseños de proyectos complejos que busquen fortalecer políticas públicas en América Latina a través de una amplia y diversa gama de componentes y de instituciones involucradas, pueden afectar la ejecución del proyecto debido a factores externos e internos al proyecto. Por el lado externo, los bajos niveles de coordinación y de cooperación de las instituciones públicas pueden impactar negativamente en los plazos y en el logro de objetivos. Por el lado interno, puede afectar la capacidad del proyecto para priorizar actividades.
• Building effective policies against child labor in Ecuador and Panamá - Final evaluation El diseño de proyectos que inciden en el fortalecimiento de políticas públicas para la prevención y erradicación del TI debe contemplar un tiempo para el seguimiento de los resultados, de esta manera, la sostenibilidad de la intervención tendrá más probabilidad de ser alcanzada.
• Building effective policies against child labor in Ecuador and Panamá - Final evaluation Proyectos que buscan la prevención y erradicación del TI deben trascender a la visión tripartita planteada por la OIT para incorporar a la sociedad civil organizada (Iglesia, ONG, organizaciones juveniles, entre otras).
• Building effective policies against child labor in Ecuador and Panamá - Final evaluation La experiencia del proyecto en las comunidades indígenas de Guamote en Ecuador y en la comarca Nägbe Bugle en Panamá demuestran que proyectos que buscan realizar acciones en estas poblaciones deben tomar en cuenta la organización social de la comunidad (¿hay cohesión social o es una sociedad fragmentada?) y el desarrollo institucional de las organizaciones indígenas que operan en el territorio, relevando información como su legitimidad, representación, tipo de participación política en el territorio y a nivel nacional, conflictos internos y externos que enfrentan, tipo de liderazgo de estas organizaciones, entre otras consideradas pertinentes para evaluar las opciones reales del proyecto de realizar su intervención en ese territorio.
• Building effective policies against child labor in Ecuador and Panamá - Final evaluation La alianza que logró la OIT con ONG de reconocido prestigio en Panamá y Ecuador fue fundamental para explicar los resultados del proyecto. A organismos internacionales como la OIT, que no necesariamente conocen a profundidad el entorno institucional, legal, político y social de un determinado país, construir una alianza con instituciones locales con sólido conocimiento y experiencia en el país es una condición necesaria para el éxito del proyecto.
• Skills for local economic development (SKILLED) in Sri Lanka - Final evaluation To implement successful joint programmes that create synergies among implementing organization, coordination meetings are not sufficient. UN agencies need to have intentional strategies and plans on collaboration. They also need to be held accountable for following through on these strategies and plans. The SKILLED project evaluation highlights some successes but overall weak coordination among the 6 agencies implementing the EU SDDP in Sri Lanka. Despite regular coordination meetings and even sharing office space in some cases, the agencies did not initially coordinate their work in such as way to build significant synergies and offer integrated services to communities and individuals. Various challenges contributed to this result, including some external factors. However, improvement occurred when the EU SDDP Joint Programme Manager facilitated an intentional exercise to identify concrete areas for collaboration which were followed up in subsequent coordination meetings.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation When funding and implementation timeframe is limited, it is better to concentrate on fewer activities in the relatively smaller area rather than spreading resources over a larger number of interventions. The LED project objective was over ambitious for the approved duration of 18 months in the context of developing non-traditional economic development initiatives such as sustainable eco-tourism, which required intensive social preparation. The project activities appeared exploratory and spread over two districts. The project would have achieved a better outcome if it planned a smaller area and fewer activities.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation Under the post-conflict conditions, it is important to respond with a pragmatic sustainable livelihood approach soon after the humanitarian support so that affected people are able to put together their lives again. Experience suggests that a long gap between humanitarian response and livelihood support creates confusion and inhibits confidence and willingness to take up income and employment generating activities thereby creating a sense of insecurity and loss of confidence. Often humanitarian support tends to be temporary in nature and development partners first crowd in and coordinating aid becomes a daunting task and challenging particularly for the government agencies. In Sri Lanka, it happened in the same way. Initially, some of the national and international nongovernmental agencies provided one-time temporary support for livelihood. ILO support came at a time when other players moved out of the conflict-affected area and ILO’s support filled the vacuum created by other development partners including non-governmental organizations. ILO took into account local needs for sustainable livelihood options typically related to what their strengths called for. As a result, initially, ILO support went to the rehabilitation of rice mills followed by fisheries. Soon after, papaya became commercially viable, particularly when project facilitated market assurance for up to 200 MT papaya for export through CR Exports. It was timely and offered far greater income opportunities compared to traditional subsistence farming.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation Impact assessment requires a clear monitoring and evaluation arrangement supported by SMART indicators. Ex-post impact assessment becomes more reliable if the baseline is properly established using meaningful indicators. Monitoring just the development activities or the implementation process is not adequate for impact assessment. ILO projects need to take monitoring and evaluation seriously and the proper system put in place to facilitate regular progress monitoring and ultimately evaluated at the end of development interventions. This was one of the weakest areas in the project and as a result, the project did not generate adequate data to assess development effectiveness, including the extent to which project, directly and indirectly, contributed towards the output and outcomes.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation When funding and implementation timeframe is limited, it is better to concentrate on fewer activities in the relatively smaller area rather than spreading resources over a larger number of interventions. The LED project objective was over ambitious for the approved duration of 18 months in the context of developing non-traditional economic development initiatives such as sustainable eco-tourism, which required intensive social preparation. The project activities appeared exploratory and spread over two districts. The project would have achieved a better outcome if it planned a smaller area and fewer activities.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation A multi-track approach can work only under reasonably developed conditions and where institutional collaboration is strong. However, when tourism initiatives introduced in less developed and new areas, it is better to plan in a sequential manner. ILO implemented LED project on the assumption that the three-track strategy will lead to a sustainable tourism in less developed areas with a low level of tourism services. Different sets of activities took place across the two districts with very low implementation capacity. The project given its size of funding was not attractive enough for giving serious consideration at the national level, despite good intentions. The project could have been more effective using a building block model and expanding activities based on local capacity and strengths in a sequential manner.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation A multi-track approach can work only under reasonably developed conditions and where institutional collaboration is strong. However, when tourism initiatives introduced in less developed and new areas, it is better to plan in a sequential manner. ILO implemented LED project on the assumption that the three-track strategy will lead to a sustainable tourism in less developed areas with a low level of tourism services. Different sets of activities took place across the two districts with very low implementation capacity. The project given its size of funding was not attractive enough for giving serious consideration at the national level, despite good intentions. The project could have been more effective using a building block model and expanding activities based on local capacity and strengths in a sequential manner.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation It is important to mobilize the Chief Technical Advisor soon after the approval of project funding. In the LEED project context, a six-month delayed deployment of the Chief Technical Advisor in a rapidly changing local context led to additional six months extra time to revise the project approach and get approval. It helps to minimize implementation delays by taking the proactive measure of identifying and recruiting the Chief Technical Advisor to commence at the earliest date. This also helps the Advisor to liaison with the project formulation team so that the Chief Technical Advisor is well aware of assumptions and practicability of project design for the intended purpose.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation The project tends to benefit from a sound gender analysis supported by a pragmatic gender action plan so that appropriate technical and logistic support including human resources are provided for anticipated gender outcomes. In this project context, the project did not utilize gender specialist’s input, although provisioned in the original project document. The framework adopted by the project during the implementation overlooked the importance of gender analysis and a gender action plan. The project had a strong gender implication including gender sensitization, gender mainstreaming to ensure the project benefits accrued equitable to both genders and female-headed households in particular. A gender officer came on board only in the second phase of the project by the time most of the major economic development investments had obtained approval and implemented. Gender specialist input came too late and had limited impact on the project performance.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation Coastal and natural reserve based tourism tend to be seasonal. The operators need income diversification options from other sources. Tourism tends to be seasonal in nature and extending over a period of 5-6 months, and in Sri Lanka, it has its peaks and troughs around major holidays and religious events. Seasonal income often is not adequate for sustaining over the entire year unless a second income opportunity is closely linked to tourism income. There are also potential risks associated with a single income source because tourism is vulnerable to external shocks outside the control of the project.
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation It pays to conduct a careful review and revision of project document at the start of the project prior to implementation so that implementation plan is more realistic and suitable for local context prior to the commencement of project related activities. This is particularly important when there is a long gap between project design and actual implementation because the context may change. The revised document should be complete with all relevant annexes so that there are no confusions even when project management changes.
  After the Chief Technical Advisor joined the project with considerable delay, he traveled to the Northern Province and he assessed the relevance of project design, under a rapidly changing context and need to respond to local challenges. The outcome was a value-chain based and market-led partnership approach for LEED project. However, the project did not adopt a formal process of revising the project document. Instead, ILO allowed proceeding based on an implementation framework. Moreover, ILO should have followed due process to avoid any potential downstream confusion. The donor for this project, DFAT, was extremely flexible and agreed to adopt the revised approach. As a good practice, revision of project document also helps to meet bureaucratic and legal requirements.
  ILO designed the LEED project in the first quarter of 2010 but its validity rapidly dissipated after a year due to rapid transformation upon mobilization of CTA. While the project focus shifted from planned CB-TREE led to the market-led value-chain development approach. However, the project document did not go through the revision until after mid-term evaluation and at the commencement of Phase II in July 2013. For 2011 – 2012, the project only had annual work plan along with a description of renewed strategy.
  
• Local Empowerment through Economic Development (LEED) - Final Evaluation A sustainable tourism initiative requires commitment and active participation of all stakeholders involved and it becomes successful if led by the private sector in a transparent manner. The tourism sector involves a large variety of actors and it is one of few sectors with complex value chain requiring effective backward and forward linkages, ranging from production of goods and services to marketing and consumer satisfaction. The project required and engaged with a different type of actors, including fruit growers, three-wheel auto operators, food and beverage services, travel agents and market promotion. The project promoted interests in different stakeholder groups including private sector but could have benefitted from a more coordinated approach. The initiative taken up by Panama-based Community Based Tourism Association has potential to achieve if different activities are coordinated in tourism value chain.
• Irish Aid Phase II: Testing methodologies to support informal economy workers and small producers to combat hazardous child labour in their own sectors - Final Evaluation Limited project duration does not allow enough time to appropriately deliver project activities in a consequential manner to achieve greater impact
• Irish Aid Phase II: Testing methodologies to support informal economy workers and small producers to combat hazardous child labour in their own sectors - Final Evaluation The project’s activities on Occupational Safety and Health are critical when combatting child labour in Ghana and Benin and need a specially tailored methodology and tools to be effective for transformational change, improving work conditions and income – especially for women/mothers and youth. OSH tools for cocoa or other sectors cannot be applied automatically in the fishing context and the need for specific OSH materials and tools in fishing to achieve better results. The OSH training done in Torkor was based on the concepts extracted from the ILO manual for the cocoa sector. Considering the type of trainees and the Torkor context, conscience and knowledge raising on OSH concepts will be more efficiently and appropriately be done acting and learning by experiencing improvements in the concrete work conditions of fishers and, more importantly, of the women that deal with fish in the market. The same can be said concerning Benin, where improvements of the stone breaking tools can be addressed by unions.
• Irish Aid Phase II: Testing methodologies to support informal economy workers and small producers to combat hazardous child labour in their own sectors - Final Evaluation Fighting child labour around Lake Volta (Ghana) demonstrates how development challenges are complex and interrelated. Climate change, fish resource management and the forms of conflict are complex. The lake is reducing its area, very small fish is illegally captured and marketed, the stock is officially considered in danger while there is confirmed information of chemicals use in fishing, other farming activities along the Lake, use of dangerous tools and unhygienic fish processing conditions. Over reliance on fish stocks create economic challenges for fishing communities, fishers and processors, which can result in the engagement of children to reduce operational cost. The dimensions of stock depletion are not yet considered as a challenge for the future of the communities. Meanwhile, aquaculture is currently locally experienced with a pilot cooperative supported by the national Fisheries Commission. GAWU members are included among coop membership. Although this pilot experience was not included in the GAWU project planning it seems urgent to coordinate the activities of all partners in the near future to understand better how the different parts of the system interact and affect each other, which actors are affecting the system and what motivates them. This issue calls for adaptive challenges, also considering that the project seeks to outreach the more distant fishers’ communities in the islands inside the Lake, where the household survival strategies are critically depending from the fish stocks and child labour still exists – and where there are no schools.
• Inclusive Market Development for Decent Work – the Lab (M4DW) - Final Evaluation Report A robust M&E System is crucial to drive evidence-based learning and adaptation
• Inclusive Market Development for Decent Work – the Lab (M4DW) - Final Evaluation Report Behaviour change takes time.
• Improved compliance with labour laws in the Republic of Georgia - Final evaluation An important lesson learned of the ICLLG project is the need for realistic time frames, budget and goals when planning interventions related to improving compliance with labour laws. Legal, administrative and institutional changes take time, and the initial duration of project was too short, and goals too ambitious, to achieve intended results. Therefore, technical assistance offered in the field of labour law reform should be planned for a longer period of time, possibly five-ten years to allow for the generation of lasting results and impact.
• Global Research on Child Labour Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - Final Evaluation A clearly articulated Theory of Change developed during the planning stage of the project could have facilitated a greater understanding of project goals and activities among stakeholders, as well as ensure greater project buy-in and sustainability.
• Global Research on Child Labour Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - Final Evaluation Sharing of tasks among technical steering committee members to complete National Child Labour Surveys (NCLS) made for an efficient use of expertise. Examples of this type of collaboration include: - Assigning roles and responsibilities to committee members from the start of the project. - When analyzing NCLS data, national statistics offices have received technical assistance from statisticians seconded by different ministries. - When writing the NCLS report, committee members work in groups on assigned chapters to increase efficiency.
• Global Research on Child Labour Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - Final Evaluation The process to engage in dialogue with governments and social partners to develop or review national strategies, policies and programs to prevent or reduce child labour should be carefully assessed at the start of the project in order to complete project-related activities within the allotted timeframe. This is particularly important when considering the time between the production of child labour surveys and the publication of policy appraisals. An investment in additional dialogue at the start of the project might also have more comprehensively addressed the need for policy appraisals given the specific contexts of each country since half the project countries opted to not have policy appraisals.
• Global Research on Child Labour Measurement and Policy Development (MAP) - Final Evaluation A change in perceptions about child labour (primarily recognizing its prevalence and degree of acceptance in some societies) requires a profound change in mindset facilitated by community-level engagement on child labour practices. In particular, this has happened in the project in the following ways:
  - Communities helped formulate by-laws on child labour, indicating measures to prevent child labour and raising awareness of child labour issues among community members.
  - NGOs facilitated community awareness-raising information sessions on child labour for community members, employers, and municipal officials.
  - ILO country staff raising awareness of child labour issues in all local-level workshops, meetings, and training.
• Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - Final Evaluation Multi-country project designs, whether global or regional, require sufficient country-level staffing to enable successful and timely implementation of the project, including at least part-time monitoring and evaluation support and dedicated administrative support to the national project coordinator. Financial delegation of the administration of project funds to country office is necessary to increase the speed of implementation
• Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - Final Evaluation A general lesson from CLEAR is that in multi-country child labor projects the combination of a wide thematic scope and selection of highly diverse countries can limit the achievement of depth of impact.
• Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - Final Evaluation Comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation Plans for multi-country projects are best if kept simple, user-friendly and focused on the practicality of implementation in the countries. Fewer indicators, with common project outcomes and outputs at the global level, and relevant activities contributing to these outcomes and outputs at country level, may help make CMEPs more useful in the future, especially if the scope of projects is reduced.
• Country Level Engagement and Assistance to Reduce Child Labor (CLEAR) - Final Evaluation In a number countries, the experience of the project demonstrated that the judicious and strategic selection of high profile bodies and individuals is highly effective to engage the interest and support of national stakeholders and local actors. In Bangladesh, the role of the National Human Rights Commission was critical in engaging with senior MOLE officials. In Sri Lanka the former General Commissioner of Labor, who was engaged as a consultant to support the coordination of the district-level Child Labor Free Zone model, was critical to gaining local officials’ interest and cooperation. In Serbia the steering committee was well constituted and very active. Likewise, in Uganda the National Steering Committee on Child Labor engaged in organized advocacy.
• Promotion of Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work as Tools for Peace in Myanmar - Final evaluation Lesson learned 1: on the need to develop relationships with the natural stakeholders for the ILO: government, unions and employers. The need to build on relations with natural counterparts to the ILO mandate was very clear in the project. Unfortunately, many anticipated outputs could not be developed due to the lack of appropriate relations. Therefore, it is advisable that the Office in Myanmar explore ways of strengthening relationships with employers and union organizations in the country, now that freedom of association seems to have been established as a right within the country.
• Emergency and recovery support to restart livelihoods in Leyte province - Final Evaluation Delivery of complex activities (i.e. SALT and ST) requires additional project resources that have typically been applied for natural disaster response program: (a) a longer project timeframe (approx. 18 mth) to allow not simply the delivery of the intervention, but also follow-up to ensure positive outcomes are achieved that will reinforce and anchor the activity; and (b) staff f dedicated to the facilitation and follow-up these activities require, and in particular to include value-chain development.
• Emergency and recovery support to restart livelihoods in Leyte province - Final Evaluation The SALT activity does offer an approach to upland agriculture that will be resilient in the face of the violent storms that cross the Visayas. This need for this was evident in that a small group of smallholders began to apply this on their own land. The opportunity for resilient upland agriculture is should be the dominate message to farmers, (rather than CfW and diversified incomes). As part of this, the mechanisms to introduce it to farmers should aim to foster application by individual HH on their land.
• Emergency and recovery support to restart livelihoods in Leyte province - Final Evaluation Effectiveness of delivery of the interventions was ensured through consistent use of good management practices, often easily skipped over or not noted (a) Social preparation ensured that communities form which beneficiaries were draw were aware of criteria for selection; participants understood the inputs to e provided and their role to play. This prevented later dissatisfaction or capture of activities by any group (b) Monitoring of the emergency employment was consistent and transparent and ensure that beneficiaries performed their tasks and cash was not diverted.
• Emergency and recovery support to restart livelihoods in Leyte province - Final Evaluation Standard administrative procedures which continue to applied as business as usual, significantly delayed delivery of project interventions. Factors responsible were: (a) Administrative procedures delayed signing of MoU between DFID and ILO, and hence delayed project mobilisation by about ~3 mths (b) DOLE standard procedures delayed payment for CfW activities to beneficiaries of up to 2 mth. As a result these funds did not fulfil their purpose as ‘emergency incomes, tension arose between LGUs and the population, and overall payment was de-link with the work thus compromising the messages of ‘decent work’. Delay in payment for CfW has been noted in earlier natural disaster response program.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation As the evaluation found out, the availability of staff was a key aspect of project implementation. Project execution was more stress-free in countries in which the ILO had larger resources, for example in Indonesia or Kenya, than in those countries in which there was only one project coordinator with little administrative and logistical support. However, to some extent the work overload still existed in most of the countries and also at ILO-HQ.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation An essential finding was that the ILO’s demanding administrative procedures and requirements along with the projects’ large coverage and the enormous amount of Action Programmes and service contracts involved did not contribute to supporting its implementation and also limited its potential for a more strategic and effective management.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation Counting with the presence of employers’ representatives, trade unions, and other relevant sectors makes it possible to introduce child labour concerns in a cross-sectional manner to all parties involved.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation Again, when intending to shape policy-making in favour of a specific objective it is crucial to count with the support and participation of governments and representatives of the relevant institutions in project activities. This greatly increases the project’s ability to reach its goals. In this specific case, it was very helpful to count with the support of local governments and representatives of the education sector.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation When carrying out a project located in many countries, and that aims at shaping policies and institutional practices, it is important to define clear and systematic strategies that are well adapted to the different national contexts in regards to these aspects. The lack of said strategies may be a barrier to the effective transferral of knowledge and capacities generated in other interventions or projects.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation It is very important to include follow-up and monitoring tools at local district and national levels in order to ensure the participation of relevant authorities in implementing and keeping track of these activities and in influencing policy-making.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation Short-term interventions in the education sector are not likely to generate a significant impact since they require mid-term and long-term processes. Similarly, technical capacitating and skills training activities need to consider the full cycle of training-insertion-tracking and therefore should be planned accordingly.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation Completing solid labour market studies is fundamental for skills and vocational training programmes. They are the best way to connect training with real livelihood opportunities and to provide trainers and policy makers with the information necessary to adapt their programmes to their present situation.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation The evaluation learned that official certification in skills training is extremely important as it shows that trainees have reached a certain level of competence and have also made the commitment to learn and take the exams. Certifications can also be considered a pre-requisite for many jobs as it shows potential employers that the trainees have the necessary requirements and skills to undertake a job. Also so the fact that trainees have certification could put them ahead of other candidates. Finally, certified workers have better chances to obtain better jobs.
• Combating child labour through education and Combating child labour through skills training for older children - Final Evaluation Actions designed for country-level intervention must take into account national and local contexts. Elements such as the economic situation and social background of each country, as well as the political commitments, capacities and priorities are fundamental when addressing these types of issues.
• Generating emergency employment and recovering sustainable livelihoods in the Philippines: Norway’s contribution to the livelihoods recovery programme after Typhoon Haiyan - Final Evaluation Emergency and disaster response is not a core activity of the ILO. However, ILO can make good contributions to responses based on its experience with employment intensive and labour based programmes. Up to date labour force surveys may be used for quickly targeting vulnerable populations. Wage and OSH standards may enhance the quality of the response while contributing to the decent work agenda. However, ILO lacks the required surge capacity to participate in emergency and disaster response on a significant scale. ILO's ability to swiftly participate in the response to super-typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) was a result of already having had capacities in place and being able to draw on funds available at the end of the biennium and the year.
• Generating emergency employment and recovering sustainable livelihoods in the Philippines: Norway’s contribution to the livelihoods recovery programme after Typhoon Haiyan - Final Evaluation Where emergency or disaster response is linked to livelihood development, it is important to ensure that field teams are able to return to normal working conditions once the (emergency) response phase is over and the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phases are reached. Otherwise, the field team members are likely to suffer from burnout or unhealthy lifestyles sooner or later, with all potential consequences. Adequate capacities for substitution and strong administrative backup is also required in order to ensure sustainable recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
• Generating emergency employment and recovering sustainable livelihoods in the Philippines: Norway’s contribution to the livelihoods recovery programme after Typhoon Haiyan - Final Evaluation Where large numbers of sub-projects need to be organized in order to deal with an emergency, it is important to have developed monitoring and evaluation (M&E) tools at hand that reduce the work load of the ILO team. Leaving the development of these tools to the team not only diverts valuable time from emergency response, but also leaves the quality of the M&E tools to chance (unless an experienced M&E specialist is a full-time member of the team) and significantly reduces the quality of reporting. Ideally, ILO should have an M&E tool available for such interventions.
• Strengthening labour administration in Afghanistan - Final evaluation Good project design is essential for the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the project
• Strengthening labour administration in Afghanistan - Final evaluation Fragile states need legislative reform as well as employment generation programmes to help lift them out of the cycle of conflict.
• Strengthening labour administration in Afghanistan - Final evaluation ILO operations in fragile states need to be backed up with adequate security and logistics, as well as quick decision-making and action.
• Strengthening labour administration in Afghanistan - Final evaluation Women’s participation needs to be emphasised in male dominated societies in order to overcome deep-rooted cultural obstacles.
• Better Work Viet Nam (Phase II) - Midterm Evaluation Enterprise Advisors (EAs) are the lynchpin of Better Work. The quality and experience of EAs involved in the core services is the key to success. One of the challenges BWV face in terms of sustainability is losing their EAs once they have been trained. If competent and experienced in undertaking BW assessments, EAs can be offered positions from buyers or other enterprises. The attention paid to EAs by BWV is an important lesson learned, recognising that they make the whole system tick in terms of BW services to factories.
• Better Work Viet Nam (Phase II) - Midterm Evaluation EAs undergo intensive induction training in order to enable them to do their work in a professional manner within an enterprising environment.
• Decent jobs for youth and improved food security through the development of sustainable rural enterprises - Final Evaluation The project could have made use of and promoted some form of modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to attract the interest of youth in the rural farming communities, such as internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication mediums. It could have contributed to making rural youth computer literate, in addition to other the production/marketing-oriented support. E.g. the use of new apps could have been explored in semi-urban settings combined with bringing agricultural services closer to farmers; for providing real-time information on weather, livestock care, markets, and nutrition-related aspects of food production. Possibly, some lessons could have been learnt from Kenyan smallholder farmers´ and traders´ ICT experiences.
• Decent jobs for youth and improved food security through the development of sustainable rural enterprises - Final Evaluation A UN Joint Programme (ILO and FAO) might not provide the best framework for a Market Systems Development (MSD)/ Making Markets work for the Poor (M4P) project given the elaborate procurement and other bureaucratic procedures that are not in unison with quick decision-making protocols of the market systems.
• Decent jobs for youth and improved food security through the development of sustainable rural enterprises - Final Evaluation The Project staff learnt that studies should have been fielded in the inception phase that could have generated more learning about diverse socio-economic/cultural aspects in the five provinces. Regarding gender, a gender analysis was not made and a gender study report was not found – which was a lost opportunity Projects could learn about people´s (beneficiaries) priorities through Participatory Rural Appraisals (PRA) or some other participatory rapid Reality Check method to understand about youth´s (women and men) job interests in rural areas.
• Better Work Global - Phase III - Final Evaluation The process of geographical relocation of an operational office is smoother when the managerial and technical staff are, to the greatest extent possible, maintained in their previous roles following the move.
• Better Work Global - Phase III - Final Evaluation Exit strategies for small countries need to thoroughly consider the specific characteristics and requirements of this group of countries.
• Better Work Global - Phase III - Final Evaluation Impact research assessments can have many applications beyond establishing the impact of the programme.
• Better Work Global - Phase III - Final Evaluation No specific component of the BW approach can be singled out as the most decisive or key component, rather, it is the combination that makes the approach effective. All of them can prove certain degrees of effectiveness in tackling the problem, but the Tufts research concludes that the differential element of the BW approach is not one element in particular to be more effective than any of the others. It is a holistic approach that makes the programme such a relevant and effective intervention.
• Durable solutions for Somali refugee returnees and IDPs in Baidoa through promoting immediate and sustainable livelihoods - Final evaluation Need to understand the underlying interests and dynamics in a context like Baidoa if the project is to be successful: This lesson was applicable across the entire project period. Baidoa is largely a negotiated space where different dynamics were at play. On one had there is an administration that strives to maintain security. On the other hand militia groups were also quite active. Clan dynamics were part of the day to day affairs of the areas including politics. This was compounded by the presence of IDPs, Refugees as well as the host community. All these dynamics present diverse interests which need to be properly understood for things to progress in harmony. These necessitated the mapping of stakeholders and further the profiling and screening of beneficiaries and joint selection of those to benefit from the grants.
• Roads for Development (R4D) Phase II - Final evaluation The embedded model, while identified as a good practice runs the risk of implementing “capacity substitution” effects. It is important to ensure all technical advisers and staff have a direct counterpart (individual or work unit) and have a clear capacity development plan and workplan, including a transition plan with strategies on how to effectively handover skills and knowledge in defined timeframes.
• Roads for Development (R4D) Phase II - Final evaluation High level strategic engagement and policy advice and guidance are critical components of an overall approach to R4D-SP. Technical support is important but is limited by the constraints in the enabling environment. It is important to strike a balance between strategy and policy advice and technical support and direction.
• Roads for Development (R4D) Phase II - Final evaluation Important to agree on effective roles and responsibilities to develop strategies to address the issues that have been raised in previous reports and evaluations, namely: (i) contractor payments; (ii) consistent and regular budgets; (iii) government processes (e.g. ADN) and (iv) implications for decentralisation.
• Roads for Development (R4D) Phase II - Final evaluation Effective and robust government led governance mechanisms (IMRF and RWG) are critical functions that influence govern decisions and influence policies guidelines and standards. Without these systems, the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of interventions is questioned.
• Roads for Development (R4D) Phase II - Final evaluation It is important to view rural roads support as a component of private sector development, employment generaration and economic growth, particularly in response to the COVID-19 situation. When viewed as a broad package, there is broader scope to channel support and assistance and to view roads as a component of support to help rural economies develop economically
• Improvements of livelihoods of vulnerable households in urban and peri-urban areas of Galkayo - Final evaluation Effective coordination of projects is instrumental to the success of projects especially when they bring together different partner organizations: The project brought together more than three independent organisations working towards meeting the same objective. To ensure focus and effective monitoring of project progress it was important to have a project coordinator a role that was played by ILO. Coordination challenges were experienced when an ILO project officer left the organisation .Another officer, better able to interact with all stakeholders was recruited and thereafter partners were satisfied with the project coordination aspects. This was particularly the case given that two UN organisations (FAO and ILO) were partnering with FAO expected to somewhat report to ILO though submission of progress reports. Such an arrangement required effective handling and management.
• Improvements of livelihoods of vulnerable households in urban and peri-urban areas of Galkayo - Final evaluation Active involvement of stakeholders is key to the success of project interventions: Ordinarily, project stakeholders and beneficiaries can be active of passive recipients of development interventions. As such this project could have easily worked with the local authority as the main stakeholder. But in addition local beneficiaries were actively involved through community sensitisation forums and consultations. A case in point was during the registration of businesses in south and north which initially faced opposition but was later successful after business people were met and the objectives of the exercise clearly explained to them.
• Improvements of livelihoods of vulnerable households in urban and peri-urban areas of Galkayo - Final evaluation Implementation of PPP arrangements and development of the PPP infrastructures are better carried out by the one organisation as opposed to different organisations. Under result 2, meat markets and slaughter houses were constructed or rehabilitated. PPP arrangements were also established as management arrangements for the markets and slaughter houses. Construction of the infrastructures and establishment of the PPPs were carried out by different organisations which posed challenges especially to the establishment of PPPs, given that the two processes were not flowing at the same pace given that potential PPP stakeholders were mobilised and sensitised early in the project, but the infrastructures took long to begin and to completion.
• Improvements of livelihoods of vulnerable households in urban and peri-urban areas of Galkayo - Final evaluation Projects being implemented in insecure environments such as Galkayo need to have flexibility as the situation changes sporadically. The situation in Galkayo is volatile and it changes by the hour. This was experienced in this project through-out the project period. At one time, project staffs were denied entry into the south which resulted to delays in implementation of activities. Without the flexibility exercised in this project both by the donor, partners, local authorities and the beneficiaries, the project results would not have been realised.
• Improvements of livelihoods of vulnerable households in urban and peri-urban areas of Galkayo - Final evaluation Effectiveness and sustainability of the AIMS and BIMS systems was dependent on the good will and understanding of the system by senior officers in local authority. It was important that decision makers in the local authority were up to date and clearly understood the project interventions at all levels. Mayors, as the Chief officers at the local authorities, it was important for them to understand the AIMS and BIMS systems for them to sanction its use in their local authorities. It was for example noted that when revenue officers had refused to use the systems, it was the intervention of the mayors that got them to embrace the technology. Similarly when the authorities in the south had refused to release their tariffs, it was consultations with the mayor that resolved the issue. Their will would certainly carry the day.
• Improvements of livelihoods of vulnerable households in urban and peri-urban areas of Galkayo - Final evaluation Consultations or lack of it can make or break a project: Initially the project planned to construct livestock markets which stakeholders thought were not a priority. Similarly, stakeholders in Galkayo had proposed projects which did not contribute to the immediate objectives of the project. Through consultations, the project dropped the livestock markets in favour of meat markets and slaughter houses which local stakeholders viewed to be more pressing needs. Similarly local stakeholders understood that some of the projects they had proposed could not be supported. It was through this close consultation that there was a meeting of the minds. Consultations were maintained throughout the project period. This resulted in the successful completion of the project in an otherwise volatile environment marred by sporadic incidences of insecurity.
• Improvements of livelihoods of vulnerable households in urban and peri-urban areas of Galkayo - Final evaluation Labour intensive methods are effective ways of injecting cash to the community and building peoples’ capacity. Also documented as an emerging good practice, the use of labour intensive approaches in development of infrastructure worked well to inject cash in the pockets of ordinary people while building their capacity. This was a quick way of ensuring that ordinary households had some disposable income in the absence of direct grants. This income was used to meet the basic household needs and extra amounts were saved invested.
• Addressing Decent Work Deficits in the Tobacco Sector of Zambia and Tanzania Projects (DWiT) - Final cluster evaluation Aligning project objectives to its duration is very important to enhance project outcomes When formulating a short gap project, the use of medium to long term outcomes requires that follow-up projects are formulated and financed to ensure that these outcomes are followed-up. This project’s partners did well in this instance. It also follows that the communication is clear about this fact, so that a crisis of expectations is not created where the short-term project is judged mainly against the medium to long term outcomes. As noted earlier, the project duration was too short to realise some of the planned outcomes. For example, the diversification of livelihoods requires mind-set change which could not be realized in the few months of the project life. Even issues of social dialogues require iterative processes over a longer period of time to yield desired results.
• Addressing Decent Work Deficits in the Tobacco Sector of Zambia and Tanzania Projects (DWiT) - Final cluster evaluation Past partnership experiences are key to effective project implementation Building up on past partnerships not only duplicates past experiences but also deepens and re-emphasises their importance. The project incorporated and engaged in partnership with previous partners in the past projects ARISE I&II such Trade Unions, Co-operatives and government agencies. This approach consolidated the tract and gains of the project that enhanced effective implementation amidst Corvid-19 pandemic challenges.
• Addressing Decent Work Deficits in the Tobacco Sector of Zambia and Tanzania Projects (DWiT) - Final cluster evaluation For success, the group is as important as the group business enterprise The issues of mindset changes alluded to in the main text highlights the fact that capacity building in group dynamics is as important as capacity building in the technical aspects of the enterprise they want to engage in. There is thus a need to further train the groups in group dynamics in the various stages of group development including group forming, storming, norming, performing and adjournment. A strong group can take up varied enterprises and local capacities can make a community amenable to taking up new initiatives and making a success of them. Resilience, i.e. the ability to absorb and recover from shocks, can thus be built-up within the community if the interest groups are strong. Furthermore, the incorporation of cooperatives into programmes brings on board valuable competencies and training materials on how to form and build resilient groups be they cooperatives of other community based organisations.
• Addressing Decent Work Deficits in the Tobacco Sector of Zambia and Tanzania Projects (DWiT) - Final cluster evaluation Voluntarism in community driven development The frequent request for rewards for voluntary activities requires clear consensus on what “volunteerism” means for community members and projects. Projects should be clear that their voluntary work is premised on the fact that the volunteers first fulfil their livelihoods and then contribute part of their spare capacity in terms of time and competency to their community. Situations wherein volunteerism translates to full time work leads to demands for full time rewards. The social capital created through volunteerism is so important it should not be overshadowed by material gains. A clear distinction should be made between operational support and being paid to perform a voluntary function for a project.
• Addressing Decent Work Deficits in the Tobacco Sector of Zambia and Tanzania Projects (DWiT) - Final cluster evaluation Learning from past experience is important in informing a well thought out project intervention that is focused and well-targeted Development is an iterative process wherein, sequential and complementary projects and programmes undertaken by ILO and other partners results in better and deeper results. With such a process, critical issues are identified and addressed contributing to a progressive realization of intended results.
• Addressing Decent Work Deficits in the Tobacco Sector of Zambia and Tanzania Projects (DWiT) - Final cluster evaluation Provision of IGA inputs are a test of the capacity that has been built The IGA support to the community groups and individuals should not only be seen as an end in itself. These inputs should also be used to ascertain how well the beneficiaries have internalized the capacity building they receive and test their mindset and resourcefulness to adopt the enterprise they are supported in. This should go some way in negating the mindset wherein beneficiaries simply join groups to get free inputs, that they consume as opposed to investing, unlike them participating for economic growth and sustainability.
• Labour Force and Household’s Living Conditions Survey 2014 (LFLCS) in Lebanon - Final Evaluation The LFHLCS project has encountered challenges throughout its implementation. The Evaluation finds that the regular ILO model for managing project was too simplistic and ineffective for a statistical project given that the input of various specialists and statisticians who have expertise in sampling design, survey data collection and statistical analysis. Data collection and processing are labor intensive and require strong coordination between the statistical office and the field data collectors. Safety and security are important and be given special consideration and budgeted sufficiently. Th Evaluation has suggested a management structure that involves officials from the EU, CAS and ILO and specialist and experts collaborating in the design of the project and a survey manager with a strong data collection and processing team with support of ILO project team to provide backstopping services to the project.
• Labour Force and Household’s Living Conditions Survey 2014 (LFLCS) in Lebanon - Final Evaluation The conceptualization of any survey is an essential and elaborate process during where the objectives of the survey are clearly defined. The Evaluation finds that the extent of this process was deficient. ILO specialists and data users such as UN agencies were not invited to take part in the stage of the project development. To establish the survey objectives, survey designers should begin with a set of questions to which the organization(s) sponsoring the survey and stakeholders would like to have answers. Given limited resources and limits on the time of survey respondents, any data that do not serve the objectives of the survey should not be collected. Some questions are difficult to answer because they ask not only what is happening but also why it is happening. Yet, these are often the most important questions because they seek to understand the impact of current policies or programmes, and perhaps even hypothetical future policies or programmes, on the circumstances and characteristics of households. Economists and other social scientists do not always agree on how to answer these questions, and sometimes they may not even agree that it is possible to answer a particular question. If such questions are important to the data users, survey designers will need to do very thorough planning and managers will need to balance the budgets, capacity limitation and other constraints to determine priorities for policy making and program development.
• Typhoon Bopha Philppines: Joint response to post-calamity interventions, local resource based employment generation and livelihood recovery Final Evaluation The ILO EIIP approach, even if innovative, can be effective with correct support from the local governments. Community contracting complemented with local government’s active monitoring and participation is a correct approach.
  
• Typhoon Bopha Philppines: Joint response to post-calamity interventions, local resource based employment generation and livelihood recovery Final Evaluation Designing Joint interventions, adding value of different UN agencies is very relevant
• Typhoon Bopha Philppines: Joint response to post-calamity interventions, local resource based employment generation and livelihood recovery Final Evaluation Capacity building strategies adopted in this kind of operations are keys to success. Some examples are gender capacity building for field staff, monitoring capacity building of implementing partners and exit strategy capacity-building.
• Typhoon Bopha Philppines: Joint response to post-calamity interventions, local resource based employment generation and livelihood recovery Final Evaluation Technical implementation and administrative system need to be integrated to maximize the efficiency Working in emergency and early recovery implies pressures on the field team that must be internalized by ILO
• Enhancing collective bargaining and amicable settlement of labour dispute mechanisms in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Moldova - Final Evaluation Knowledge sharing is an important component of the project. Larger presence of interventions that include sharing knowledge and experience on regional level is highly helpful and desirable in discussing and defining models and mechanisms for amicable settlement of labour disputes. This lesson is linked to the task of selecting the most appropriate format of knowledge sharing that is suitable to the current context and to the specific stage of development of the countries. In this regards, it is believed that ILO could stimulate the organization of regional events, such as conferences and/or study tours more frequently to support the sharing of knowledge and experience and transfer of know-how among countries that share similar context. Sharing the knowledge and experience on a regional level should be more present in future interventions.
• Enhancing collective bargaining and amicable settlement of labour dispute mechanisms in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Moldova - Final Evaluation Utilization of regional expertise, i.e. involvement of experts from the region to support the identification of workable institutional solutions and mechanisms, is likely to contribute to build more trust in the process by the social partners. While European institutions and practices vary depending on national social and economic contexts, cultures and IR systems, European expertise has been valued for its contribution to developing “universal” skills and good practices relevant for a particular topic suitable to the national context.
• Promoting and building income security and employment services in Asia, Phase II - Final Evaluation Need for a thorough risk assessment including adequate risk analysis and risk mitigation.
• Promoting and building income security and employment services in Asia, Phase II - Final Evaluation Need to include specific gender objectives/outputs/activities in the project document.
• Promoting and building income security and employment services in Asia, Phase II - Final Evaluation PRODOCs should contain an explicit section in relation to the development of an 'exit strategy'
• Decent jobs for Tunisia's young people: Tackling the challenge together - Final evaluation Les certificats de formation créés par le BIT/projet PEJTUN indépendamment du système de certification professionnelle nationale, délivrées aux bénéficiaires des formations réalisées dans le cadre du projet PEJTUN se sont avérées non reconnues. Le BIT ne peut pas créer son propre système de certification professionnelle dans un pays sans s’aligner sur le système de formation professionnelle en règle dans ce pays.
• Decent jobs for Tunisia's young people: Tackling the challenge together - Final evaluation Un projet du BIT qui vise le développement de chaine de valeurs dans le secteur agricole ne peut pas prendre de l’altitude sans un partenariat profond avec le ministère de l’agriculture, ses institutions et ses directions régionales. Un tel partenariat devrait chercher à renforcer les capacités institutionnelles et humaines du ministère et de ses directions régionales dans les régions où les chaines de valeurs sont exécutées, d’une manière à fournir un support technique efficace et permanent aux jeunes entrepreneurs participant à une chaine de valeur dans le secteur agricole. Le renforcement de cette capacité est nécessaire dans le but d’assurer une durabilité des projets de chaines de valeurs et d’amener à une standardisation et généralisation des chaines de valeurs, leur intégration dans les politiques nationales quinquennales et dans les plans d’action du ministère de l’agriculture ainsi que l’institutionnalisation des mécanismes de suivi des chaines de valeur dans le secteur agricole
• Decent jobs for Tunisia's young people: Tackling the challenge together - Final evaluation Une analyse de chaine de valeur dans le domaine agricole ne peut pas se faire selon les divisions administratives d’un département ou de communes. Le succès d’une chaine de valeur nécessite en amont, d’analyser les entrées et les ressources nécessaires qui peuvent se situer hors du département ou de la commune localement, et en aval chercher des espaces de vente dans d’autres départements ou s’orienter vers des marchés extérieurs.
• Decent jobs for Tunisia's young people: Tackling the challenge together - Final evaluation Un projet multidimensionnel tel que le projet PEJTUN incluant plusieurs axes y compris le développement de chaines de valeurs au niveau local, ne peut pas avoir une durée d’exécution uniquement sur deux années ou une période limitée avec des ‘’possibilités d’extension’’. Une telle durée limitée va se répercuter sérieusement sur les effets et les objectifs du projet et créera un sentiment d’abandon à mi-chemin auprès des tranches des bénéficiaires et les partenaires du BIT. Un manque de visibilité quant à la longévité du projet causera des phénomènes de renoncement parmi les fonctionnaires et les techniciens du projet et une perte de savoir-faire acquis. Il est nécessaire de prévoir une durée allant de 4 à 5 ans.
• Decent jobs for Tunisia's young people: Tackling the challenge together - Final evaluation Dans le cadre des difficultés macroéconomiques auxquelles la Tunisie est confrontée, et les difficultés des secteurs industriels, de service et de tourisme, le secteur agricole apparait comme un secteur prometteur avec des avantages comparatifs et des perspectives importantes de développement et de création d’opportunités d’emploi pour les jeunes.
• Promoting the Right to Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining – Outcome 14 - Final Evaluation Working at a certain scale, over longer periods of time and with country-based personnel was more likely to produce tangible outcomes than “light” interventions carried out through short term technical assistance missions, even well-targeted ones. Efforts to improve respect for freedom of association and promote collective bargaining were also more effective when they were integrated with broader types of sector or industry focused technical cooperation programmes.
  
  The ILO frequently implements multi-country programmes around a given goal or outcome linked with a particular theme or issue (in the case of this project, the promotion of freedom of association and collective bargaining) within its Decent Work agenda as part of its technical cooperation programmes. The choice of countries is made by the ILO during the design stage and is usually based on a number of factors including the openness of the country to ILO assistance, need (existence of significant decent work deficits) and where ILO assistance can be most effective.
  
  On the latter issue, analysis of the project design findings highlights that operational factors such as the availability of qualified national staff, the potential to complement other on-going programmes, and/or the possibility to work in countries with sufficient intensity to justify allocating resources to offer consistent follow-up support are important for project success and are not-to-be underestimated to the design stage.
  
  Analysis of effectiveness findings indicated that holistic and mainstreaming approaches to promoting freedom of association and collective bargaining may work better than more focused strategies. Project efforts appeared to be more effective when they were part of larger ILO programmes that addressed a variety of challenges facing a particular economic sector or the labour market governance/industrial relations system.
• Promoting the Right to Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining – Outcome 14 - Final Evaluation Project interventions were more effective when they were based on careful analysis of the country/industry/enterprise context early in project implementation. After the assessment, it was likewise important to share and discuss findings, build consensus, and establish priorities with relevant stakeholders. Assessments, however insightful, were not sufficient to guarantee that recommendations would be implemented; therefore assessments should only be undertaken when resources are available to follow-up. This project frequently used assessments to guide project interventions. The ILO used the diagnostic tool developed in previous phases of the Partnership in some countries while in other countries, the assessments applied different methodologies. Analysis of findings on project relevance indicate that assessing and documenting the large variety of issues that limit freedom of association and collective bargaining at the front end of technical cooperation programmes was an effective way to identify gaps as well as introduce the objectives of the project to stakeholders. Related effectiveness and sustainability findings show that these assessments were most effective when the results were shared and discussed by national stakeholders, used to formulate an action plan with clearly identified priorities and followed up on in a timely manner with adequate resources to implement at least some of the proposed recommendations.
• Outcome-based funding component in support of P&B Outcome 1 – Focus on skills development, including on vocational and professional training and education - Final Evaluation Project monitoring, management and adjustments Decentralization of project management and implementation is needed, but given the ILO’s structure and its accountability to donors, overall coordination is also important. There should be more clarity about when and how overall adjustments to strategy and budget can be made and this should not involve a complex negotiation process.
• Outcome-based funding component in support of P&B Outcome 1 – Focus on skills development, including on vocational and professional training and education - Final Evaluation Project design and implementation – maximising continuity of support in policy/system reform Training system reform is a complex, long-term endeavour that requires awareness-raising, the training of key actors in systems design and delivery, institutional, legislative and regulatory reform, and the active engagement of the social partners. The flexibility provided through Outcome-Based Funding enabled the ILO to accelerate and intensify its support in this field in the participating countries and through the development of global resources
• Outcome-based funding component in support of P&B Outcome 1 – Focus on skills development, including on vocational and professional training and education - Final Evaluation Project design – number of countries to be involved In deciding how many countries to include in projects of this type, a balance must be struck between having enough resources for countries to achieve something meaningful and having more resources available than countries can absorb in a two-year project. This may require quite detailed cash flow forecasting based on realistic assessments of the time required to deliver specific outputs or activities.
• Outcome-based funding component in support of P&B Outcome 1 – Focus on skills development, including on vocational and professional training and education - Final Evaluation Project design and implementation – gender inclusiveness While attention was given to gender equity in the implementation and planning of activities, results were patchy. Future activities may need additional support in the project design phase as well as ongoing sensitivity to gender balance in the selection of pilot activities.
• Outcome-based funding component in support of P&B Outcome 1 – Focus on skills development, including on vocational and professional training and education - Final Evaluation Mid term review Workshop The workshops run from the global component extended the project’s reach and provided relevant information on training reform topics to a global audience. They also exposed the project’s target countries to a wider range of international experiences of these reforms.
• Outcome-based funding component in support of P&B Outcome 1 – Focus on skills development, including on vocational and professional training and education - Final Evaluation Project design and implementation – opportunity presented by Outcome-Based Funding to expand the scope of the ILO’s work in target countries In some countries, the ILO-Norway partnership has enabled the ILO to advance its work in technical areas where it had not previously had much local involvement. For example, despite its global expertise and experience in skills development, in some countries the ILO has been associated more with other technical fields. For example, in Malawi the ILO was mostly known for its work in child protection, but this project (and the previous STED project) had changed this perception. The ability to apply Outcomes-Based Funding in a flexible way allows the ILO to pioneer these new fields, allows it to establish its local credentials, and build on its work by perhaps attracting new donors.
• Cluster evaluation “Improved and market-based provision of vocational training for Lebanese and refugees” and “Towards improved formal and non-formal technical and vocational education and training... Adopting an interactive and non-traditional approach in training workshops is effective, particularly when linked to the local context of Lebanon and addressing the training needs and gaps identified for the target groups.
• Cluster evaluation “Improved and market-based provision of vocational training for Lebanese and refugees” and “Towards improved formal and non-formal technical and vocational education and training... Better selection of the training participants and training needs is required, particularly from the governmental entities guided by pre-defined criteria and clear identification of training needs is considered as one of the lessons learned. This is important to ensure participants’ dedication and to work as champions for TVET, and be targeted in a TOT programme to ensure sustainability of project outcomes.
• Cluster evaluation “Improved and market-based provision of vocational training for Lebanese and refugees” and “Towards improved formal and non-formal technical and vocational education and training... Special attention should be given to tracking the qualitative results, rather than focusing only on quantitative measures. This should extend to the mindset of all project team members to lead the project activities in a better strategic manner. Also, this should extend to the documentation of the best practices and lessons learned through well-structured reflection processes, involving different stakeholders, including project beneficiaries.
• Cluster evaluation “Improved and market-based provision of vocational training for Lebanese and refugees” and “Towards improved formal and non-formal technical and vocational education and training... • Since the two projects are adopting new methodologies as a pilot intervention to link local market assessments and skills with TVET (as per the development of the NSF), it should not be too ambitious to attain all the set objectives through the projects’ interventions and activities. The projects are tackling and addressing some critical social, institutional and policy changes challenges that require collaborative efforts by the various actors in the community, guided by a clear advocacy strategy within a time frame of least three years, as reported by the majority of stakeholders interviewed. This should be supported in future similar interventions/projects by including some buy-in activities, either at the beginning of the project or by integrating the project design as part of the project cycle to sensitize the community groups, particularly Lebanese youth and their parents, about TVET. This would help change their perceptions as well as organize different advocacy efforts on different levels. This should be promoted in the remaining period of the ILO–UNICEF project or other similar projects in the future considering the ambitious nature of the two projects and the limited time frame of the ILO-Italian Cooperation project.
• Support to the Limpopo Public Works Department on the implementation of the Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) - Midterm Evaluation Based on literature review, field interviews and observations by the Evaluation Mission, a number of lessons seem to emerge: 1. Implementation of EIA focusing on the creation of temporary work opportunities do not necessarily result in improved “sustainable livelihood” and complementary initiatives - including forging win-win partnership with potential employers in the private sector (within the public-private-partnership framework), entrepreneurial skilling, and linkages to financial services are required for sustainable impact; 2. Capacity building in an environment characterized by high shortage of technical skills should be complemented with strategies for engaging and retaining dedicated, passionate and committed local staff to understudy technical assistance support such as that being provided by the ILO under EPWP; 3. EI-based jobs creation should not just focus on the number of work opportunities created, but on impact by way of assets creation, improvement in socio-economic welfare of the target beneficiaries (sustainable livelihood) and contribution to the national economy; 4. Experiential learning (through practical training and learning tours) is an effective way of fast-tracking stakeholders’ knowledge acquisition, attitude change and capacity building in general; 5. Without effective institutionalization for in-house capacity among the national implementing bodies, external TA projects (including the ILO TA Support Project to NDPW) runs high risks of prolonged engagement.
• Women's entrepreneurship development and economic empowerment (Irish Aid/PROPEL) Global Component - Final Evaluation Outcome-based funding under the PAs appears to have enhanced collaboration between GED and other Outcome Coordinators over the period under evaluation.GED recognizes particularly strong collaboration with under Outcomes 2, 5 and 9 although there has also been collaboration with Coordinators of Outcomes 10,11 and 14. However in order to be sustainable this essentially finance-driven collaboration should be underpinned by a unit workplan and a clear mechanism for cross-unit collaboration. GED needs to ensure that a clear conceptual framework for gender mainstreaming in technical cooperation is developed in consultation with gender specialists and other members of a strengthened gender network and is reflected in a robust and coherent manner in the P&B, in the ILO Gender Action Plan, in training tools and manuals and elsewhere.
• Women's entrepreneurship development and economic empowerment (Irish Aid/PROPEL) Global Component - Final Evaluation In terms of interaction with the field GED also needs to ensure effective experience exchange between countries and regions, as is specifically stated as a function of the CTA. Experience exchange should involve not only recognizing and sharing good experience from the country and regional level but also bringing in new ideas and information on gender mainstreaming from outside the ILO. The existing gender network needs to be expanded and strengthened initially by incorporating staff who have already been involved in gender mainstreaming activities under the PAs and are not recognized as part of the network. The evaluator has provided an expanded contact list which can be further elaborated
• Renforcement des compétences pour l'emploi des jeunes et le développement rural en Afrique de l'‘Ouest (CEJEDRAO) - é‰valuation finale Leçon apprise 1 : La réalisation des projets en parallèle (sous forme d’un programme) sur plusieurs pays (multi country projects) a abouti à un effort de gestion énorme et parfois disproportionné.
• Renforcement des compétences pour l'emploi des jeunes et le développement rural en Afrique de l'‘Ouest (CEJEDRAO) - é‰valuation finale Leçon apprise 2 : Une forte intégration du niveau politique ainsi que de la société civile dans le cycle d’un projet est fortement souhaitable (ownership). Mais, la conception et la gestion d’un projet doit être planifiée et exécutée par des techniciens et doivent suivre d’abord des critères techniques et des analyses coûts-avantages.
• Promote the socio-economic integration of vulnerable children and youth through a multi-faceted approach in Haiti - Final Evaluation There was a lack of dialogue at the beginning of the project. This comunication gap affects the projects results, especially in terms of training evaluation (INFP), youth placements (trade unions and employers).
• Promote the socio-economic integration of vulnerable children and youth through a multi-faceted approach in Haiti - Final Evaluation The Viva Rio Haiti staff are not familiar with ILO standards reports formats.
• Promote the socio-economic integration of vulnerable children and youth through a multi-faceted approach in Haiti - Final Evaluation When the stakeholders are not familiar with the ILO conventions it is reflected in the profile of selected beneficiaries and can affect the completion of project activities.
• Promote the socio-economic integration of vulnerable children and youth through a multi-faceted approach in Haiti - Final Evaluation The success of the project into local community depends largely on the involvement of the community leaders
• Entrepreneurship development and SME support in Myanmar and Supporting Tourism in Myanmar through Business Management Training - Final Cluster Evaluation The SIYB training delivery system in Myanmar is at the starting point of creating sustainability for the future: At the technical level only some of the SIYB trainers have at this point reached a level where they can offer training to entrepreneurs on a regular basis. In terms of financial sustainability, many trainers have not yet developed a market where clients are able to pay for the training and in terms of institutional sustainability a Master Trainers Platform is about to be established. In this phase, the efforts need to move from establishment of a pool of trainers to consolidation. Part of this process is to develop the combination of technical, financial and institutional sustainability in different segments of the market that will enable a number/cluster of SIYB trainers to sustain in the long run. A few SIYB Master Trainers have had success to the extent that the SIYB is added on to existing competencies and products, and to the extent that they already have a group of regular clients.
• Entrepreneurship development and SME support in Myanmar and Supporting Tourism in Myanmar through Business Management Training - Final Cluster Evaluation The SME project team has managed to develop the SIYB training approach further through the engagement with different existing and emerging business partners in Myanmar. Among the significant contributions is the development of new methodologies as a result of the collaboration with the GIZ on the regional BDS (Business Development Services) development and the integration of action learning into the SIYB. Another similar example relates to the development of the SCORE programme in Myanmar, which was reduced to shorter classroom-based interventions and more emphasis on on-site advice and consultancy. In this way, the practice-oriented methodology of the SIYB is slowly moving towards less-text-based and shorter training inputs divided into shorter modules, and with more emphasis on on-site coaching to entrepreneurs based on their specific needs.
• Strengthening Labour Inspection system for Promoting Labour Standards and ensuring workplace compliance in Pakistan - Final evaluation The project came about after a long time where LI has been deprived in Pakistan. Only a small project in 2013 addressed the issue and on which to build on from ILOs perspective. Strengthening LI was clearly important for Pakistan, and the basis for LI was at that time weak, this gave the project an important “quick win” as the government and provinces were ready to move on this. The early involvement and inclusion in DWCP, however, was done without the opportunity for thorough analysis and governmental involvement. The benefit of a quick, establishment of the project clearly outweigh the possible weaknesses in project planning up front.
• Strengthening Labour Inspection system for Promoting Labour Standards and ensuring workplace compliance in Pakistan - Final evaluation 26 master trainers were trained, which was dispatched to the provinces. The benefit of having trainers in-house in the provinces was very much appreciated and gained substantial benefit, according to interviews in the field. Compared to a capacity model were trainers was centrally located and travel around or held training in central locations this master trainer model was much preferred. It gave added value in having these experts in-house.
• Strengthening Labour Inspection system for Promoting Labour Standards and ensuring workplace compliance in Pakistan - Final evaluation GSP Plus was a motivating factor for enforcing LI in Pakistan. While LI was recognized by the government also without the motivation given by GSP Plus, it became evident from interviews that such external motivation was key for taking real actions against labour issues that could hamper GSP Plus status.
• Integrated Livelihood Recovery for Typhoon Haiyan affected communities - Final Evaluation The assembling of multi-partner implementing teams was an achievement and the vetting process of the proposals, (between field team and Manila) generally ensured the final proposal was solid and implementation could proceed.
  There were a number of sub-projects where this was not adequate and; (a) coordination between members of the implementing teams (NGOs, LGUs etc.) was not maintained, and (b) where the responsible implementing partner did not have sufficient background to manage effectively (particularly ED sub-projects). Thus ILO field staff should continue to have an active role in mentoring and coordination amongst implementing partners throughout the sub-projects.
  This could be achieved through inclusion of validation points within the proposals to bring all implementing partners together to assess progress. This will: (a) ensure that all partners maintain the same perspective on management of the sub-projects, and
  (b) Provide structured opportunities for the ILO field team to continue to support and have influence on activities.
• Integrated Livelihood Recovery for Typhoon Haiyan affected communities - Final Evaluation While SALT sites were more or less physically established but are unlikely to be functional for erosion control, or to see on-going group cultivation. As such, SALT activities should not be included in short (12 months) disaster recovery projects.
• Integrated Livelihood Recovery for Typhoon Haiyan affected communities - Final Evaluation The sub-projects for establishment of ‘new enterprises’ tended to be ‘uncompleted’ with production and markets not reliably established. These should not be included in short (12 months) disaster recovery projects due to a range of complexities; (a) ED type sub-projects typically have a high cost ratio to ‘direct beneficiaries’, compared to other interventions (b) They require considerable effort and field skills for implementing partners to provide; social preparation; enabling beneficiaries to perform new functions (e.g. farmers must learn to operate a production line reliably, source and engage with markets, etc.). (c) Where material resources are provided, the ownership right must be worked out before provision, to allow the group to change and encourage growth.
• Promoting micro- and small enterprises through improved entrepreneurs' access to financial services - Final Evaluation The target and indicators could be set to be more realistic with a chance for review after the first progress report.
• Promoting micro- and small enterprises through improved entrepreneurs' access to financial services - Final Evaluation Plan at least a 4-year long project with 3 years of key implementation activities. This could allow flexibility in the project in terms of modification of the measures and targets in the log frame as new information comes in and practicability of achieving targets in the given timeframe is known.
• Promoting micro- and small enterprises through improved entrepreneurs' access to financial services - Final Evaluation On-site technical assistance with a more handholding approach will more useful. This will help the FSPs institutionalise the customised models of offering NFS to their clientele.
• Promoting micro- and small enterprises through improved entrepreneurs' access to financial services - Final Evaluation Expression of interest approach to soliciting proposals to become partners in the Project worked and needs to be repeated in future Projects.
• Promoting micro- and small enterprises through improved entrepreneurs' access to financial services - Final Evaluation A wider bouquet of products for the FSPs needs may be offered and the choice be given to the FSPs to pick and choose.
• Promoting micro- and small enterprises through improved entrepreneurs' access to financial services - Final Evaluation When working with large partners like bigger Banks, it is important to work at various levels for achieving quicker buy-in.
• Promoting micro- and small enterprises through improved entrepreneurs' access to financial services - Final Evaluation At the sector level, responding to the immediate sector needs paid dividends and needs to be continued.
• Promoting micro- and small enterprises through improved entrepreneurs' access to financial services - Final Evaluation Partnering with a powerful partner right at the beginning makes it easy for the Project to roll out its activities and smoothens project implementation
• Promoting micro- and small enterprises through improved entrepreneurs' access to financial services - Final Evaluation In terms of Project impact evaluation design, keep enough time between baseline and end line.
• More and better jobs for women: women’s empowerment through decent work in Türkiye - Midterm Evaluation This lesson relates to the circumstances of the delay of the start-up of the training programme for beneficiaries. The lesson is that ILO should be even more mindful not to commission a single, local organization to implement a large program –particularly when a large portion of the total project budget is to be used. Situations like the one that arose can be a real killer factor in a project¿s strive to achieve its targets. The targets for this training are 2000 unemployed young women (registered/not registered with İŞKUR), 500 employed men registered/not registered with İŞKUR, and 750 employed women in pilot provinces.
• Building capacities of the MAST to ensure labour law compliance in the Haitian apparel sector - Final evaluation This evaluation shows that appropriate strategies for ensuring the replicability of a process must not only be built into the initial intervention design, but the strategies must also account for the institutional contexts in which the processes are to be implemented.
  
  The sustainability strategy of including a ToT in addition to traditional training and capacity-building activities is a necessity, as it provides trained individuals with the knowledge and know-how to train their peers. However, this strategy alone is not sufficient to allow adequate replication. Trained individuals must also have appropriate institutional support.
  
• Building capacities of the MAST to ensure labour law compliance in the Haitian apparel sector - Final evaluation This evaluation uncovered strong evidence that the management structure in place for implementing a project has a direct impact on its effectiveness and efficiency. Specifically, the level of decentralization of the MCB Project was not appropriate for operations in an environment as complex as Haiti’s. The constantly evolving political and social situations in Haiti require a sound understanding of the national context and sufficient flexibility for rapid decision-making and changes to planned interventions. The ILO not having a country office with full delegation of authority in Haiti has caused several implementation delays and miscommunications issues within the project team also affected the quality of communication with key national partners. More specifically, the language barriers between the San José office and the Haiti project team seems to be the cause of a number of administrative and operational delays that occurred through the process.
• Programme d’appui à l’autonomisation économique des femmes rurales - Final evaluation Le développement et le maintien de relations de proximité avec les structures d’encadrement qui offrent des services directs auprès des bénéficiaires au niveau national et régional facilitent l’accès à des connaissances pointues sur le contexte et les spécificités des régions ciblées, assurant par le fait même l’établissement de solides assises pour le projet ainsi que le déploiement d’interventions pertinentes auprès des bénéficiaires.
• Programme d’appui à l’autonomisation économique des femmes rurales - Final evaluation Dans une perspective de suivi-évaluation et de gestion axée sur les résultats, toute initiative future appuyant une composante de formation pour les bénéficiaires ou de renforcement des capacités des parties prenantes gagne à envisager l’ajout d’indicateurs qualitatifs au cadre de mesure du rendement, vue comme moyen d’évaluer et documenter les acquis ou changements observés chez les bénéficiaires ainsi que le degré d’application des nouvelles connaissances, et vue comme moyen de documenter des exemples de pratiques améliorées pour accompagner les femmes entrepreneures. Il est également opportun d’inclure un indicateur quantitatif permettant non seulement de mesurer les augmentations de revenus et de ventes enregistrées par les bénéficiaires, mais aussi de recueillir des données de base à l’An 0 afin de mesurer les progrès tout au long du projet.
• Programme d’appui à l’autonomisation économique des femmes rurales - Final evaluation Les comités de coordination et de suivi établis par le projet au niveau national et régional se sont avérés efficaces à titre de cadres de collaboration et de dialogue entre les ministères-clés impliqués, les structures d’encadrement au niveau régional ainsi que les partenaires sociaux. Ces mécanismes ont favorisé l’appropriation du projet, soutenu la qualité des communications et contribué à un dialogue ouvert, utile pour mobiliser l’engagement des partenaires et faire en sorte que les parties prenantes continuent de collaborer et de se concerter pour assurer la réussite de ce projet, et ce, en dépit de la pandémie de COVID-19
• Programme d’appui à l’autonomisation économique des femmes rurales - Final evaluation La capitalisation des études stratégiques menées avant et pendant le projet apporte une grande valeur ajoutée, car ce type d’études permet de recueillir et de diffuser des informations utiles aux acteurs de l’écosystème entrepreneurial rural, ce qui aide à identifier et mieux cerner les besoins des femmes rurales de même que les freins à leur participation en tant qu’entrepreneures.
• Partnership for Improving Prospects for Forcibly Displaced Persons and Host Communities (ILO/PROSPECTS) - Midterm cluster evaluation Limited access to finance can limit the effectiveness or sustainability of start-up and entrepreneurship programmes. The Partnership for Improving Prospects for Forcibly Displaced Persons and Host Communities (PROSPECTS) project implemented a wide range of start-up and entrepreneurship programmes in the eight countries covered in the project, among other by applying its Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) or Gender and Entrepreneurship Together (GET Ahead) programmes. Entrepreneurial support can be an effective way for members of the host and forcibly displaced communities to create their own economic opportunities and become self-reliant. Interviews and focus groups revealed that these trainings are valued by the participants. However, there were frequent remarks that the participants face difficulty in utilising the newly acquired knowledge and skills due to inadequate capital to invest in necessary tools and equipment to start their businesses (such as welding equipment, toolboxes, sewing machines, and other tools that are required depending on the specific occupation and context).
• Partnership for Improving Prospects for Forcibly Displaced Persons and Host Communities (ILO/PROSPECTS) - Midterm cluster evaluation Overlap of mandates of different government bodies at the federal and regional level can pose challenges in programme implementation. Partnering, engaging in effective communication, and staying agile in the project implementation can facilitate addressing these challenges. The mid-term evaluation found that in Ethiopia, the Partnership for Improving Prospects for Forcibly Displaced Persons and Host Communities project (ILO/PROSPECTS) faced difficulties due to overlapping mandates between different public institutions. This hindered the proper flow of information and led to delays in decision-making. The inconsistency of governmental structures at the federal and regional levels is a root cause of the problem. The structures, executive organs, and mandates of these bodies are established by the respective federal or regional legislators. Specifically, in the project's context, the Ministry of Labour and Skills is responsible for job creation at the federal level (Proclamation No. 1263/2021), whereas in the Somali region, there are two separate institutions, namely the Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs and the Regional Job Creation Commission. An example of an overlapping mandate is the support provided to job seekers transitioning to new jobs, which all three bodies attend to. Additionally, other institutions such as the Ethiopian Employers’ Federation or TVET agencies, which the ILO/PROSPECTS collaborates with, have similar mandates.
• Programme de Coopération Sud-Sud pour les Pays d'Afrique dans le domaine du Dialogue Social et de la Protection Sociale - Évaluation final Une deuxième leçon apprise de la mise en œuvre du projet est que sur certains domaines, la valorisation d’expériences Sud-Sud en Afrique, peut être une meilleure appropriation par les récepteurs.
• Programme de Coopération Sud-Sud pour les Pays d'Afrique dans le domaine du Dialogue Social et de la Protection Sociale - Évaluation final Une troisième leçon apprise du partage de l’expérience algérienne sur les mécanismes dialogue social et de la protection sociale est la perception par les responsables tripartites des pays africains des enjeux et de l’importance de l’extension de la protection sociale dans le secteur informel dans une dynamique du développement économique et social.
• Programme de Coopération Sud-Sud pour les Pays d'Afrique dans le domaine du Dialogue Social et de la Protection Sociale - Évaluation final Une quatrième leçon apprise du projet est que l’expérience algérienne a permis également aux responsables tripartites des pays africains d’approfondir leurs connaissances en matière de dialogue social, et de percevoir le rôle combien important de ce dernier dans le processus de protection sociale étendue à toutes les couches et surtout au secteur informel dans une dynamique de travail décent et de développement socio-économique durable.
• Programme de Coopération Sud-Sud pour les Pays d'Afrique dans le domaine du Dialogue Social et de la Protection Sociale - Évaluation final Une cinquième leçon apprise de la mise du programme est que les différents responsables tripartites des pays africains ayant pris part aux activités du projet, sont désormais plus convaincus que le progrès social et le développement économique vont de pair, et que la mise en place d’instruments et de programmes cohérents et continus sont des facteurs de progrès en matière de dialogue social.
• Programme de Coopération Sud-Sud pour les Pays d'Afrique dans le domaine du Dialogue Social et de la Protection Sociale - Évaluation final Une sixième et dernière leçon apprise de la mise du programme est que, le projet a par ailleurs permis à tous les pays africains présents aux différentes activités de savoir que l’école supérieure de sécurité sociale (ESSS) d’Alger constitue un espace d’échange et une plateforme de coopération dans le domaine de formation en sécurité sociale.
• Programme de Coopération Sud-Sud pour les Pays d'Afrique dans le domaine du Dialogue Social et de la Protection Sociale - Évaluation final Une première leçon importante apprise de la mise en œuvre du projet est qu’il existe en Afrique des expériences qui doivent/peuvent être valorisées.
• Employment creation through small and medium scale enterprise development in Free State - Midterm evaluation ILO interventions clearly had a very positive and real impact on the strategic orientation of the LED Department of the Matjhabeng Municipality, which culminated in a tourism strategy that currently informs the steir strategic approach. The strategy was felt to be particularly effectie in terms of the inclusion of the broader community in the development of the strategy which lays the basis for stronger buy-in and support in the future.
• Employment creation through small and medium scale enterprise development in Free State - Midterm evaluation The recent intervention with the Department of Social Development was a useful approach to promote entrepreneurship among youth because it engaged them to participate based on their interest in social enterprises, rather than an attraction to being funded or some other "free" benefit. The young people were instead trained in terms of working together and establishing different types of businesses, including social enterprises. Thereafter, because the ILO was focusing specifically on the establishment of social enterprises, those that were interested were invited to participate further in the ILO training. This resulted in a self-selection process where those that came forward did this because they were interested in community service and not because they thought they were going to get money.
• Employment creation through small and medium scale enterprise development in Free State - Midterm evaluation The development of the entrepreneurship training modules for Grade 10 was more effective when the Grae 10 learners participated in the development of the training material and filiming of the games. This also has had the effect of creating a ripple across the small learner community around them. it was also helpful to have aligned the programme with a social media platform because this created more exposure of the initiative.
• Employment creation through small and medium scale enterprise development in Free State - Midterm evaluation Government buy-in to the entrepneurship training concepts was a major achievement which increased the number of participating schools.
• Employment creation through small and medium scale enterprise development in Free State - Midterm evaluation There is concern that curriculum development for Grade 11 with the training materials introduced in Grade 10 will present a timeline capacity problem for the team to adequately building the skills set in the community to effectively adopt and entrench the programme. Teachers will need sufficient support and mentorship for a period until they become comfortable with the programme and confident of their ability to teach the modules.
• Enhance the resilience and self-reliance of crisis-affected rural communities (...) - Midterm evaluation Address M&E Challenges in Future Interventions. Evaluating the progress of an intervention against whether the project is achieving its set targets is not indicative of its success of failure. In volatile settings such as Yemen, logical frameworks should be treated as “living documents” because of the potential for conditions to change at any given time. Equally, scarce baseline data and indicators (as is the case with ERRY) make it hard to monitor results. However, the ILO intervention is working in the context of a harmonized logical framework where other agencies are setting clear targets and reporting progress against them. The lack of consistent targets set per year for the ILO component and misunderstandings of whether the project is on track or not are, in the evaluator’s view, directly linked with gaps in the M&E strategy.
• Enhance the resilience and self-reliance of crisis-affected rural communities (...) - Midterm evaluation Bridging Communication Gaps to Enhance Overall Performance. The predominant theme throughout this mid-term evaluation was a disconnect between the ILO regional office and its project in Yemen. Interviews with the regional specialists and staff unanimously pointed to an office that has “lost sight” of what is happening on the ground and few could explain what gains had been made in Yemen. The challenges faced by the evaluator in conducting this evaluation (remotely), in efforts spent trying to document the gains, as well as the difficulties in reaching the project management in Yemen (the CTA), are symptomatic of a larger communication gap between the regional office and the project in Yemen. In the context of the ILO component within the ERRY programme the challenge works on two levels. At regional level, a deeper understanding of the difficulties faced by staff operating in crisis countries could enhance attempts to provide more comprehensive support to staff working in Yemen. Capacity building and tailored training of staff operating in crisis countries could enhance communication when access to countries is restricted. At project level, concerted efforts need to be made by the project management to better communicate both gains made, and challenges faced on the ground. In the context of continuation or upscaling of ILO intervention addressing this gap is key.
• Enhance the resilience and self-reliance of crisis-affected rural communities (...) - Midterm evaluation Interventions in Yemen would Benefit from Being Part of an Overall Intervention Strategy: The success of the ILO component within the ERRY programme cannot come without an analysis of the broader context in which it works in. The latter’s importance is pivotal to the evaluation of the ILO/ERRY component since it has direct implications on the way the project is run. The limitations of the ILO and the fact that it is not crisis oriented is fully recognized by its staff and its constituents. Yet, the consensus among both regional staff and stakeholders in Yemen is that more can be done by the ILO to enhance its overall presence in Yemen. Specialists interviewed reiterated the need to work under an overarching vision of what can and cannot be done in Yemen. This calls for an intervention strategy for Yemen that brings together all the expertise of specialists in Beirut, including worker’ and employers’ specialists, to determine the level of engagement in Yemen and its overall scope. This would also provide the opportunity to assess whether the current resources at hand (human, technical, financial) for the ILO component within ERRY are enough to have it run efficiently.
• Enhance the resilience and self-reliance of crisis-affected rural communities (...) - Midterm evaluation Capitalize on ILO’s History in Yemen and Partnerships Nourished Over the Years: Under Output 2, the mid-term evaluation of the ERRY programme recognizes the need to build the capacity of local institutions (to which provisions are already being made by the JPU/UNDP including an injection of cash in relevant institution) and to strengthen communication. In this respect the ILO project team is already making clear progress with local authorities at central level. One of the activities designed for this project, the “Upgrading of Informal Apprenticeship Scheme” directly involves the tripartite partners and the MOTEVT at both design and implementation level. The activity can benefit to build on already existent dialogue with the tripartite partners involved and expand such coordination at governorate level to enhance sustainability. Among the UN agencies involved in the implementation of the ERRY programme, the ILO enjoys a unique mandate of tripartism that even in times of crisis, if not more so, would benefit from being invested in. Already cooperation at central level with local authorities such as the COCI and the MOTEVT might be providing a good platform for dialogue with labour issues as an entry point.
• Programa para la promoción de un Piso de Protección social en la región andina - Evaluación final Para proyectos regionales o subregionales, es necesaria y eficiente una estructura administrativa que, por una parte, este compuesta por un/a coordinador/a nacional en cada país (que conozca el país, conozca la temática, conozca los actores y sus dinámicas, sea reconocido por su capacidad técnica) y un apoyo administrativo. Por otra parte, permita que el/a coordinador/a del país donde está la sede regional (en este caso Perú), asuma funciones de coordinación regional que aseguren la articulación, intercambio y sinergia entre países y un enfoque o perspectiva regional en los productos, en apoyo al Especialista Regional responsable de la supervisión; y se cuente con el apoyo administrativo de una persona de la Oficina de OIT responsable del Proyecto.
• Programa para la promoción de un Piso de Protección social en la región andina - Evaluación final Conseguir un objetivo de desarrollo de gran alcance como el de este Proyecto: “contribuir al aumento de la cobertura de los sistemas de Protección Social”, requiere que el Proyecto se defina o diseñe:  A partir de dinámicas que vengan de tiempo atrás con lo cual se facilita una ejecución con pertinencia, validez y eficacia.  Como parte de un desarrollo por fases, en el cual la escala es muy importante: manejo de programa a nivel regional/subregional, que asegure el desarrollo como proceso, y proyectos a nivel nacional, que se realicen como partes o fases del mismo.  Teniendo en cuenta los ciclos de la administración pública, sobre todo los tiempos para la incorporación de políticas en los planes de desarrollo del nivel nacional, regional y local de las entidades territoriales, para poder incidir con oportunidad.  Considerando los proyectos como medios para el fortalecimiento de espacios formales de “diálogo y concertación tripartita” existentes tanto a nivel nacional, como a nivel local en cada país; y considerándolos como espacios para la construcción y validación tripartita de recomendaciones de política pública, y a través de este ejercicio, como espacios para la formación y creación de capacidades para el debate y la incidencia política.  Planificando los estudios como insumos para el “diálogo y la concertación” de recomendaciones, con el apoyo técnico necesario de los expertos que los realizan.  Programando el tiempo suficiente para la “negociación” inicial de los temas y la “negociación” final de las recomendaciones de política, con el fin de que estas sean realmente tenidas en cuenta por las instituciones y las entidades del orden ejecutivo y legislativo que pueden incorporarlas en regímenes y sistemas existentes.
• Programa para la promoción de un Piso de Protección social en la región andina - Evaluación final A raíz de la experiencia con la consecución del producto: 1.5 “Base de datos “Social Security Inquiry” actualizada para al menos un país” que se logró para todos los países, se plantea como lección aprendida, que es más eficiente para OIT enfocarse en apoyar a los países a pasar de un ejercicio de sistematizar información puntual (sobre un programa o mecanismo), a establecer un ‘Sistema de información integrado sobre Protección y Seguridad Social’ en una entidad específica en cada país, que permite tener una panorama integral del Sistema.
• Combat child labour in domestic work and the worst forms in Haiti - Final evaluation Any intervention in the Haitian context must be lean and occur over a long period of time. The willingness to support inclusive and participatory governance approaches is both desirable and praiseworthy but relies on fragile assumptions of political and social construction. It would be misguided to expect that a two-year project would fully change the course of events in the difficult Haitian context. This is especially true given that the project seeks to promote the national institutions' capacity enforcement and empowerment of key actors in combating child labour, which requires changes in culture and mindset.
• Combat child labour in domestic work and the worst forms in Haiti - Final evaluation Interventions are likely to be effective and sustainable only if they are planned and implemented in a systemic way. An intervention aimed at increasing employability and entrepreneurship has been implemented in a weak Haitian ecosystem where support structures are fragile or non-existent. Ad-hoc interventions focused solely on punctual aspects in the value chain of the labour market or of entrepreneurship are likely to lead to diluted effects.
• Increasing workplace compliance through labour inspection - Final Evaluation Regular (i.e. monthly to quarterly) bilateral meetings with the main Government partner, i.e. the Inspectorate of the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs (MOLISA), enhances project progress and ownership on the side of the government. It has been established in this evaluation that at the same time care should be taken that the other tripartite partners are fully integrated as well in project management and implementation from the inception of the project.
• Increasing workplace compliance through labour inspection - Final Evaluation In situations whereby the donor organisation is the headquarter or a regional office located outside the country where the project takes place, it is important to make sure that the local representative of the donor is also provided with all the relevant progress documents.
• Increasing workplace compliance through labour inspection - Final Evaluation The specific approach, whereby interventions at the central level are combined with engagement with provincial level authorities, has created avenues for engagement. The closer engagement with provincial level authorities is recommended at both project design and implementation stage, particularly given the challenges of coordination and implementation between the central and provincial levels.
• Increasing workplace compliance through labour inspection - Final Evaluation A regular Project Steering Committee (PSC), with preferably half-yearly meetings, is crucial to involve all main stakeholders in the project.
• Support efforts to combat child labor and improve working conditions in agriculture in Dominican Republic - Midterm evaluation 3. In a pandemic context, the Project's decision to virtualize certain activities is adequate and efficient. However, it should be taken into account that not all public institutions have available virtual infrastructure (PC, electricity, internet access, speed of connection) and/or “virtual culture” (basic knowledge about ICT, willingness to learn ), which may limit the coverage of training actions aimed, for example, at CDL members. The same difficulties may be encountered by the vulnerable population that will benefit from the pilot training program for job placement.
• Support efforts to combat child labor and improve working conditions in agriculture in Dominican Republic - Midterm evaluation 1. It is important that the ILO, donors and constituents maintain a fluid communication from the moment ILO is selected to implement a project; For this it is necessary for ILO to inform donors and constituents about the main characteristics of the programming, design and implementation of the projects it executes. -There are differences between an ILO project document (PRODOC) and a concept note, in terms of structure, content and preparation process. Regarding the latter, the PRODOC must take into account the needs of the constituents, for which they are consulted (in the case of employers 'and workers' organizations, this is done through ACTEMP and ACTRAV respectively). - Once the PRODOC is approved and before starting the implementation of a project, the ILO carries out actions to inform, socialize, sensitize and engage the constituents so that they have an active participation in it. Although this may lengthen the project start date, it is an indispensable condition because it represents the implementation of tripartism, which in turn is the essence of the ILO and because a priori it should favor the effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of the intervention. . - The direct beneficiaries of ILO projects are generally the Ministries of Labor, employers' organizations and/or workers' organizations, who are usually also the partners of ILO intervention. Meanwhile, the final beneficiaries can be vulnerable groups of the population, families, workers, companies, among others. - There are ILO projects in which the execution modality includes the transfer of resources so that the partners can directly implement some of the planned activities. When this does not occur, as is the case with the project that is the subject of this evaluation, execution is the responsibility of the ILO, in collaboration and permanent consultation with the intervention partners.
• Support efforts to combat child labor and improve working conditions in agriculture in Dominican Republic - Midterm evaluation 2. The main lessons learned from the SCORE implementation pilot program are: (a) the commitment and involvement of Senior Management of the companies that implement SCORE is essential because it is the one that has the resources to achieve the desired results, (b) the importance of generating a culture of standardization and continuous improvement in employees, and (c) the importance of involving all areas of the company in the preparation and implementation of improvement plans.
• Strengthening gender monitoring and evaluation in rural employment in the Near East and North Africa - Final evaluation 1. A complex project that covers two ILO regions and aims to influence policy would benefit from being based in one of those regions. Base the project within the region of its focus in order to better contextualize the research, align with the ILO’s policy agenda, and improve chances for effective policy influence. Such an approach would also support greater levels of efficiency for the project.
• Strengthening gender monitoring and evaluation in rural employment in the Near East and North Africa - Final evaluation 2. Clear and open communication among programme stakeholders is important. There was a trend of poor communication and coordination in the programme, including clarity around donor expectations, communicating programme goal and objectives clearly, communication between management and Advisory Council, and communication between programme management and REO. Clear communication is essential to increased levels of efficiency, developing buy-in, and ultimately to achieving the programme goal and objectives.
• Strengthening gender monitoring and evaluation in rural employment in the Near East and North Africa - Final evaluation 3. Policy influence requires more than producing high quality reports and holding policy forums. A sound strategy needs to be in place that takes into consideration local power and decision-making structures, the relevance and timeliness of a given topic area for influence, and a stronger communications approach. In addition, the questions that are pertinent to policy-makers should be the driving force for research and evaluation studies, with an appropriate methodology applied to answer the question.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO’s decent work country programmes, strategies and actions in the Caribbean (2010-15) DWCP may not be implementable in all country situations
• Promoting social dialogue and harmonious industrial relations in Bangladesh ready-made garment industry - Midterm Evaluation Long time is needed for development of good faith social dialogue and harmonious industrial relations. An important lesson learned from the SDIR RMG project is the need for realistic time frames and goals, when planning interventions related to improvement of social dialogue and industrial relations. Institutional changes and changes in large groups of people’s mind sets and industrial culture take time and goals need to be very ambitious, to achieve intended results. Therefore, any technical assistance, offered in the field of the improvement of industrial relations and social dialogue as well as structures and processes at enterprise, sectoral and national level, should be planned for a longer period of time, possibly in the form of a programme rather than projects. This would allow for the generation of lasting results and impact.
• Promoting social dialogue and harmonious industrial relations in Bangladesh ready-made garment industry - Midterm Evaluation Realistic planning should include all objective delays. The design of a project and its implementation plan must take delays, which are created by known administrative procedures (e.g., registration procedures) into account. Furthermore, the known risks, such as employer’s reluctance to join social dialogue and industrial relation-related activities, should be calculated into, and possible mitigation included in, the design. In the SDIR RMG project, both the administrative delays and the employers’ attitudes were underestimated.
• Education for all Madagascar - Midterm evaluation Assurer l’utilisation d’un langage qui soit compréhensible pour tous et une plus grande sensibilisation vers un changement de comportement. Avec un taux d’analphabétisme de 28% dans le pays, la zone d’intervention du projet doit donc travailler avec des personnes qui ont un niveau d’éducation bas. Pour s’assurer de la bonne compréhension des membres du CE, il serait utile de vulgariser et simplifier au maximum les termes techniques utilisés pendant la formation, souvent exprimés en français car il n’y a pas d’équivalent en malgache, et s’assurer de la compréhension des membres du CE en faisant des exercices pratiques de restitution après la formation. La sensibilisation sociale est en général faite par les bureaux d’études qui forment les CE et les MO, sous la supervision des ingénieurs du projet BIT, mais aussi les membres des communautés. La compréhension des différents CE rencontrés varie selon la sensibilisation et la formation reçue par les bureaux d’études, ce qui indique que les résultats soient différents selon les sites. Dans certains sites visités, l’utilisation des latrines démontrent un manque de compréhension eu égard à leur usage (les latrines ne s’utilisent pas traditionnellement dans plusieurs des sites visités).
• Education for all Madagascar - Midterm evaluation Dans le cadre de la pérennité des bâtiments scolaires construits par le projet, le BIT s’est efforcé d’envisager un moyen d’assurer le bon entretien des bâtiments après la fin de la période de garantie des constructeurs (une année). Le BIT a donc envisagé une approche qui sensibilise les parents d’élèves et membres de la communauté afin de s’engager à maintenir les bâtiments dans les meilleures conditions possibles. Pour ce faire, un fonds d’entretien de 300,000 MGA a été constitué pour chaque EPP, et un comité d’entretien a été établi. Parmi les membres du CE, il y a pour chaque EPP deux MO locales qui ont contribué à la construction et ont été formées pour réaliser les travaux d’entretien des bâtiments. Ces MO sont des résidents des communautés et sont censés assurer les réparations nécessaires pour maintenir les bâtiments fonctionnels. Les MO et membres du CE ont aussi été formés afin de formuler les devis pour les réparations (estimer les coûts et le matériel nécessaire à l’entretien). Le CE devra dont établir un devis pour les réparations, qui seront faites par les MO membres du CE avec l’argent du fonds d’entretien.
  
  La création du CE et du fonds d’entretien est un élément important qui a le potentiel de contribuer à la pérennité des bâtiments construits. Les conditions climatiques (vent, pluie, sable, soleil) et le manque de respect des résidents des communautés pour les installations contribuent à la dégradation des bâtiments scolaires. L’évaluation n’a pas eu l’occasion de visiter une école où le CE avait utilisé le fonds d’entretien pour assurer les réparations des bâtiments (seules deux EPP étaient en dehors de la période de garantie, dont l’une avec certains dommages qui auraient dû être réparés). Il semble que les membres du CE hésitent à utiliser le fonds d’entretien qui a été créé à cet effet.
  
  
  
• Promoting fundamental principles and rights at work through social dialogue and gender equality - Final evaluation Government capacity-building and collaboration: Throughout project implementation, there was close collaboration between the project and its main government partner, the MLSA. The close partnership required management by both parties to optimize positive outcomes and minimize negative ones.
• Promoting social dialogue and harmonious industrial relations in Bangladesh ready-made garment industry - Final Evaluation It´s important that ILO cluster initiatives and projects specifies that disability - as a cross-cutting issue related to non-discrimination) is important and need to be specified as activities and outputs, with performance indicators in the Project Documents and Logical Framework Analysis matrices.
• Strengthening tripartite social dialogue: Assessment of RBSA-funded outcomes 2014-15 - Final evaluation Use of electronic means of outreach for extending social partners’ networks Capacity-building activities in Georgia resulted in the use of new forms of outreach and communication by the trade unions. Regular SMS contacts, use of Social Nets and electronic Discussion Forums allowed trade unions to enlarge substantially their outreach to youth as potential future members and to better inform the mass media about TU agenda. Creation of an “e-Government” in Azerbaijan was another form of new electronic governance in the field of labour relations since it codifies all labour contracts and conditions of employment and work in the country. Such new channels of communication and outreach would be important for future work. They appear to be extremely efficient and effective in expanding the social partners networks and membership base.
• Strengthening tripartite social dialogue: Assessment of RBSA-funded outcomes 2014-15 - Final evaluation Silk Road initiative as a new opportunity for ILO Decent Work and Social justice concept The Silk Road initiative seeks to create a massive free trade zone, a “belt of prosperity” and an area of common economic interest involving dozens of countries that stretch north, west and south of China and include all the States of the sub-region. The connections would be literal, creating physical trade routes and integrated zones of economic collaboration. It includes a road that will connect to Europe through Central Asia and Russia. ILO could provide this new and extensive economic integration process with a social dimension under the slogan “Silk Road to Decent work and Social justice”. It would create additional political leverage for promoting ILO regulatory policies on the verge of its Centenary.
• Strengthening tripartite social dialogue: Assessment of RBSA-funded outcomes 2014-15 - Final evaluation Process of integration of countries of the sub-region with EU as a means of implementing ILO policy
  Geopolitical and economic attractiveness of cooperation/affiliation with EU institutions becomes a highly important and efficient factor of promoting ILO principles, instruments and technical advice in the countries of the sub-region receiving its assistance.
  The “hard law” of the EU conditionalities usefully complements the “soft law” of the ILO voluntary obligations. Thus, a deeper and more extensive cooperation with EU governments and social partners (both national and regional) and their pro-active involvement in ILO interventions in the countries concerned becomes a new and effective delivery channel.
• Education for all Madagascar - Final evaluation La participation à un programme conjoint ne doit pas dispenser l’organisation participante de formuler son projet spécifique Certes, le programme conjoint EPT comporte une théorie implicite du changement avec une bonne analyse des déterminants des problèmes identifiés et la hiérarchie des objectifs tout comme les interventions clés à privilégier mais ce programme s’adresse à trois organismes partenaires (UNICEF, PAM et BIT). Le document de programme conjoint précise les avantages comparatifs de chacun des partenaires et expose une stratégie globale d’intervention pour l’atteinte des objectifs du programme. Le fait que le projet HIMO BIT développe son propre document aurait permis de mieux définir la situation de référence et les interventions clés et d’adapter la stratégie de mise. Il est également important de définir des indicateurs d’impact et d’effets du projet, en plus des indicateurs de résultats. La disponibilité d’un document de projet facilite également la communication interne sur les objectifs poursuivis et le pilotage du projet et au-delà son évaluation finale.
• Education for all Madagascar - Final evaluation L’accompagnement continu des MPE de tâcherons est capital mais il ne doit pas créer la dépendance vis-à-vis du BIT Il ne suffit pas de former les manœuvres en A-RCT et de les accompagner dans la formalisation de leurs unités de production et leur transformation en MPE pour les rendre compétitives. Ces jeunes MPE ont besoin d’un accompagnement conséquent pour devenir des entreprises fortes, rentables et durables. Les actions d’accompagnement des MPE doivent être inscrites dans le temps et être adaptées aux besoins de ces MPE. Le soutien du projet HIMO BIT aux MPE ne doit pas se traduire par une sorte d’assistance qui crée de la dépendance vis-à-vis du projet. Cet accompagnement des MPE doit les préparer aux règles du marché et notamment à la concurrence dans un pays en proie à des difficultés politiques et économiques récurrentes.
• Enhance the resilience and self-reliance of crisis-affected rural communities (...) - Final evaluation Address budget shortfalls in regards to operations, programming, and logistics. According to the project team in Yemen, the project budget did not adequately cover expenses in the field, particularly due to unexpected operating costs caused by the conflict and the devaluation of the Yemeni Rial. This impacted all aspects of the project intervention, including low stipends for beneficiaries; a lack of tools, equipment, and materials for trainings; delays in financial disbursements to implementing partners; and an insufficient number of grants to help beneficiaries start their own businesses.
• Enhance the resilience and self-reliance of crisis-affected rural communities (...) - Final evaluation Capitalise on ILO’s history in Yemen to enhance the relationship with local government authorities. Although the relationship between ILO and local authorities in Yemen is perceived positively by both parties, strengthening this relationship will help mitigate delays in implementation and assist in obtaining permission to operate in target locations. This is particularly relevant to northern Yemen, where ILO is operating in Hajjah and Hodeidah governorates.
• Enhance the resilience and self-reliance of crisis-affected rural communities (...) - Final evaluation Build on community interest to scale up interventions. Beneficiaries were particularly vocal about the relevancy of ILO’s programming in target locations, both in regards to the types of professions chosen for training and the efficiency and impact of its implementation. Significant interest came from female beneficiaries as well, who maintained excellent attendance records despite the challenges and stigmas they faced for their involvement. This interest highlights the need for larger scale economic recovery and skills development trainings in Yemen as communities look to rebuild their livelihoods despite the ongoing conflict.
• Enhance the resilience and self-reliance of crisis-affected rural communities (...) - Final evaluation Include regional technical specialists to bridge gaps in technical capacity and expertise. A lack of input from regional technical specialists due to a breakdown in communication between ILO ROAS and the ILO Yemen office during all phases of project design and implementation has resulted in gaps of technical capacity and expertise. This directly impacts the quality of the project design itself as well as the efficiency and effectiveness of its implementation. Closing this gap in expertise is crucial in the Yemen context, as access to local technical expertise remains a challenge and most local experts have emigrated abroad.
• Promoting Decent Work for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens - Midterm evaluation 1. Pilot projects are crucial tools to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of interventions targeting vulnerable groups, in particular if they plan to implement new incentives.
• Promoting Decent Work for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens - Midterm evaluation 2. Identifying the labour force and labour market needs is the key to plan and develop skill development programmes for refugees.
• Promoting Decent Work for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens - Midterm evaluation 3. Local ownership is significant for ensuring the efficiency and the sustainability of the Project.
• Promoting Decent Work for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens - Midterm evaluation 4. Flexibility is an important feature of the project design when operating in a politically fluctuating and risk-based environment.
• Strengthening the role of financial institutions for micro-insurance development in Africa - Final evaluation The project operated in complex environments and provided advanced partner organizations (microinsurance providers) with technical assistance to promote quality at scale. While the project faced numerous challenges and despite the fact that it had conducted rigorous due diligence, experience shows that in such contexts where results closely depend on key project Partners, due diligence should even be more extensive to avoid dealing with unsuccessful partnerships that might put project interventions at stake.
• Projet d’appui à l’amélioration de l’employabilité des jeunes ruraux dans des circuits productifs – Mali PIC III - Evaluation finale La recherche des synergies entre projet/programmes ou actions d’acteurs différents permet d’améliorer l’employabilité des jeunes. Dans le cadre de ce projet, les renforcements des capacités des réseaux GERME/CREE mais également des services techniques spécialisés dans l’emploi des jeunes (APEJ, ANPE, Conseils Régionaux) ont profité aux jeunes bénéficiaires des financements FAO. Ces organisations, dans leur mission régalienne, mettront les compétences acquises aux services d’autres jeunes dans le cadre d’autres projets/programmes futurs.
• Projet d’appui à l’amélioration de l’employabilité des jeunes ruraux dans des circuits productifs – Mali PIC III - Evaluation finale La mise en œuvre du projet a relevé que l’atteinte de ses objectifs était liée à la réalisation préalable d’activités par des structures comme l’APEJ, l’ANPE qui sont en contact direct avec les jeunes et les institutions financières, d’où le renforcement de la collaboration avec elles.
• Projet d’appui à l’amélioration de l’employabilité des jeunes ruraux dans des circuits productifs – Mali PIC III - Evaluation finale L’adéquation entre les filières identifiées par le projet et les filières pratiquées dans les centres de formation renforce la pertinence du projet. Dans sa conception, le projet a ciblé les secteurs d’activités qui étaient pratiqués dans la grande majorité des centres de formation. Les activités du projet étaient ainsi en harmonie avec les besoins des jeunes. Cependant, à Yorosso par exemple, c’est plutôt l’élevage porcine qui est pratiqué alors que le projet intervenait dans les chaines de valeur riz, sésame.
• Projet d’appui à l’amélioration de l’employabilité des jeunes ruraux dans des circuits productifs – Mali PIC III - Evaluation finale L’absence d’un fonds d’insertion pour le financement des sortants ne favorise pas la création d’emplois. Les structures de formations ont été renforcées par le projet. Cependant, il faut accompagner les jeunes bénéficiaires des formations pour créer leurs propres entreprises.
• Support to development in industrial relations, wage fixing and labour law implementation institutions and capacity in Viet Nam - Midterm Evaluation The Bottom-up Approach in Trade Union Restructuring.
  The bottom-up approach in union restructuring in the trade union pilots in Vietnam and how to set it up, has been one of the project’s strengths, and has already led many enterprises in the country to replicate it.
• Support to development in industrial relations, wage fixing and labour law implementation institutions and capacity in Viet Nam - Midterm Evaluation Uncertainty about Total Funding Amount. A negative lesson learned is that the total funding availability and release timing were not clear for a long time, which made implementation and planning more difficult and subject to variation, as well as negatively impacting on outputs and partner relations in some cases.
• Support to development in industrial relations, wage fixing and labour law implementation institutions and capacity in Viet Nam - Midterm Evaluation Enhanced Communication between the Implementing Partners and Project Management, and the Building of Trust among them. Regular and sustained communication between Project Management and the Implementing Partners (IPs) can prevent misunderstandings arising among them because of reduced understanding of each other’s up-to-date roles and activities (including the sheer volume of work each one is undertaking). Through regular communication the building of trust is substantially enhanced. Regular communication could typically include quarterly Project Steering Committee meetings; regular bilateral meetings with specific partners, (e.g. two times per month) with the project holder, the trade union and the employers’ organizations; and, quarterly handover meetings with the stakeholders at the local level (in pilots, etc.) as well as for example weekly discussions (in person or through the internet/phone) between project implementation units at the local level and the Project Office usually at central level. In a context of a relatively poor understanding of Industrial Relations (IR), it is a good practice (initiated in this case by the project holder with project support) to provide for a discussion platform for monthly open and challenging discussions (no lecturing) thereby building a network of IR practitioners, including tripartite partners, academics, lawyers and students, providing further opportunities for communication and building trust. Designing a communication & media strategy at the outset will enhance the visibility of a project, and, as a matter of priority, include (regular) bulletins with contributions of partners.
• Developing the capacity to promote trade union affiliation and collective bargaining coverage - Midterm evaluation Un esquema de intervención de la OIT que implique trabajar con las CS como beneficiarios y ejecutores (tal como se ha hecho en el Proyecto) y adicionalmente brindar un acompañamiento más estrecho a las CS podría mantener las ventajas que supone trabajar bajo la modalidad de AE, eliminar las desventajas y alcanzar más rápidamente el cumplimiento de las metas previstas.
• Developing the capacity to promote trade union affiliation and collective bargaining coverage - Midterm evaluation El incremento en la AS y en el número de trabajadores protegidos a través de la NC no depende solo de las capacidades de las instituciones del sistema de relaciones laborales para garantizar el cumplimiento de los derechos a AS y NC sino también de las fortalezas de las CS y organizaciones sindicales (en capacidades, estructuras organizativas, motivaciones)
• Developing the capacity to promote trade union affiliation and collective bargaining coverage - Midterm evaluation Contar con el respaldo de una Política de Crecimiento institucionalizada, que garantiza la prioridad, continuidad y compromiso de la CS respecto al crecimiento sindical, es uno de los principales factores que explican los mejores resultados de la CUT respecto a las otras 2 CS.
• Developing the capacity to promote trade union affiliation and collective bargaining coverage - Midterm evaluation Es necesario prever en el diseño de un proyecto un período de tiempo considerable para la toma de decisiones, al interior de una CS, respecto a temas como la selección de departamentos y sectores donde se va a intervenir, porque estas decisiones se basan tanto en criterios técnicos como políticos, que requieren negociación, diálogo interno y consensos.
• Developing the capacity to promote trade union affiliation and collective bargaining coverage - Midterm evaluation Las posibilidades de éxito en una NC dependen de diferentes factores como la capacidad organizativa del sindicato y su nivel de movilización, la capacidad y experiencia del equipo negociador, la voluntad política del empleador. En tanto, el cumplimiento de los acuerdos también depende de diversos factores como el presupuesto de la entidad, los decretos posteriores que estén por encima de la negociación, la voluntad del gerente de la entidad, la rotación del personal, entre otros
• Fair migration in the Middle East (FAIRWAY) - Final Evaluation Pilots are a potentially useful component of innovative projects, and Fairway has tried some pilots to good effect. Although these have had positive impacts and represent potential good practices, they also provide critical lessons. These include: Legal clinics for Migrant Domestic Workers were set up in Fédération nationale des syndicats des ouvriers au Liban (FENASOL), Lebanon. The Project appointed a consultant lawyer, who provided counselling and services to Migrant Domestic Workers. She also trained lawyer volunteers to provide similar services. The lawyer filed several cases for the MDWs. When the contract came to an end after 5 months, there were ongoing cases in court/MoL. Although the cases were temporarily taken over by the lawyer in FENASOL, the TU did not have the financial resources to bear the expenses of the cases that had already been filed in the court during the pilot. However, discussion is ongoing for further support from Fairway to address this gap. • In Jordan, a youth network was promoted for conducting campaigns to change employer mindsets. The Project appointed a consultant to mentor the youth, who were given clear directions about the activities and timelines for the campaign, which they completed well. The youth were highly motivated but felt that as the project came to an end in 6 months, they had been left without any future planning, their agency had not been respected, and their organisation was not yet well formed. They had not received guidance directly from any ILO official. Their ambition was to reach out to MDWs beyond Amman to other regions of Jordan, which was not taken on board. These pilots had a duration of 5-6 months, which was too small to have the possibility of mainstreaming or achieving sustainability.
• Skills for employment and productivity in low-income countries (Global component) - Final Evaluation One of the greatest challenges to the long-term sustainability of the Global KSP and many other knowledge-sharing platforms is availability of core funding for the platform maintenance and retaining the internal capacity, knowledge and motivation necessary for its effective work.
• Desarrollo regional productivo, sostenible y con mejores condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la minería y manufactura de Bolivia - Evaluación Final Independiente L3. El acompañamiento a procesos como el de desarrollo productivo y el apoyo al manejo de la Pandemia, ha mostrado la necesidad de ajustar algunos instrumentos de manejo de proyectos: 1) los instrumentos rígidos como los términos de referencia por producto, han generado trabajo adicional tanto en el EP como en los colaboradores externos e instituciones asociadas con la implementación, debido a que no es posible predecir las características de los productos al momento de diseñar y definir los TORS, 2) En consonancia con la identificación y valoración de las áreas de trabajo transversales de la OIT especificadas en el PRODOC y en los TORs, es importante definir indicadores de desempeño y medición, de manera que, en el proceso de evaluación, la valoración de estas dimensiones no quede bajo la responsabilidad exclusiva de la evaluación. 3) Es necesario mejorar la dimensión de sostenibilidad en el manejo y entrega de proyectos. El instrumento que se podría ajustar es el del informe final, incluyendo un espacio para la medición/descripción de la sostenibilidad por acciones o componentes en el corto, mediano y largo plazo. (C3, C4, C6, C8, R1, R4)
• Desarrollo regional productivo, sostenible y con mejores condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la minería y manufactura de Bolivia - Evaluación Final Independiente La apertura del Proyecto de lo regional (Cochabamba y Potosí) y sectorial (minería y manufactura) a lo nacional y multisectorial, significó ajustes en la ejecución y abrió un abanico de acciones cuyos procesos no pueden ser reconstruidos solamente desde la perspectiva de los actores participantes entrevistados para esta evaluación. El proyecto adoleció de falta de reportes o registros en planificación y monitoreo, donde se puedan ver las acciones y entender los procesos llevados a cabo en relación con cada componente y producto. Esta situación se explica en parte por la falta de un asistente técnico y la intermitencia del asistente administrativo, pero dificultó el aprendizaje organizacional y fue un elemento que complicó en gran medida la realización de la evaluación. Desde esta perspectiva es importante tomar en cuenta las capacidades humanas para gestionar proyectos estratégicos y con presupuesto elevado como es el BOL112. (C1, C2, C5, C7, R1, R2, BP1)
• Desarrollo regional productivo, sostenible y con mejores condiciones de seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la minería y manufactura de Bolivia - Evaluación Final Independiente La emergencia sanitaria y las actividades en SST de este Proyecto ha demostrado que para tomar decisiones informadas en crisis es importante contar con datos y estadísticas adaptados a la realidad de los trabajadores y empleadores para apoyar la toma de decisiones protegiendo al trabajo y tomando en cuenta las restricciones de los empleadores. Las actividades del Proyecto presentan grandes logros en generación de conocimiento. Este esfuerzo podría ser mejor capitalizado si existiera información ordenada y accesible en el internet. (C2, C6, C5, R3, R1, BP2, R4)
• Application of migration policy for Decent Work of migrant workers - Midterm Evaluation Due to late recruitment and early departure of key project staff the project could not be implemented as planned and a quarter of the budget had to be returned to the donor. In addition, the DTA leaving half a year before the end of the project phase was not replaced with temporary short-term staff. The ILO, in particular the project, the ILO CO Dhaka and the ILO-HQ, should be much more alert on such issues in order to avoid having to return substantial parts of the budget to the donor.
• Application of migration policy for Decent Work of migrant workers - Midterm Evaluation The project period agreed in the Project Document (PRODOC) and in the Technical Assistance Project Proposal (TAPP) of the Government of Bangladesh should be exactly the same as those relating to the Agreement(s) between ILO and the donor and the latter should not be split up in separate phases.
• Programme on responsible business in Myanmar - Final evaluation The Responsible Business Project of the ILO in Myanmar provides valuable learning on the do’s and dont’s of launching a new economic development project. The success or failure of a project can be influenced significantly, if a set of rules is considered. The rules, outlined under the Lesson Learned element “Success” below relate to the design phase, the recruitment phase and the inception phase of a new project. The rules need to be followed by the country office management, the newly recruited project manager, the management backstopper and the technical backstopper.
• Appui à la finalisation de la politique nationale de l'emploi et du système d'information sur le marché de l'emploi et de formation (PNE-SIMEF-Mauritanie) - Évaluation finale La flexibilité de la conception et de la mise en oeuvre s'est avérée très bénéfique pour la réalisation effective des résultats escomptés compte tenu de l'approche participative suivie à toutes les phases du projet cycle. La participation active de toutes les parties prenantes nationales à ce processus d’adaptation a permis l’alignement constant des activités sur leurs besoins et priorités, ce qui a eu un impact évident sur propriété des résultats.
• Appui à la finalisation de la politique nationale de l'emploi et du système d'information sur le marché de l'emploi et de formation (PNE-SIMEF-Mauritanie) - Évaluation finale Le projet était caractérisé par une approche très globale nécessaire pour surmonter le degré élevé de fragmentation qui prévalait au moment de sa conception en fournissant des réponses aux défis de l’emploi. En reliant toutes les dimensions pertinentes de l’emploi et réunissant pour la première fois tous les acteurs fondamentaux de ce domaine, le projet représente une première tentative d’action coordonnée dans ce domaine. Cette approche devrait être directement créditée des résultats impressionnants obtenus, notamment en ce qui concerne l’élaboration des politiques et un cadre institutionnel renforcé et des engagements concernant l’emploi et son system d’information.
• Appui à la finalisation de la politique nationale de l'emploi et du système d'information sur le marché de l'emploi et de formation (PNE-SIMEF-Mauritanie) - Évaluation finale Il est universellement reconnu que la structure tripartite de l’OIT est un facteur adéquat pour générer une valeur ajoutée. Les contributions du bureau de pays du BIT, et le PNE-SIMEF, ont été particulièrement utiles dans ce cas, étant donné que le gouvernement, les organisateurs d’employeurs et de travailleurs n’ont pas une tradition de coopération étroite. Le projet, en réunissant tous les différentes catégories de parties prenantes et permettant à tous les mandants de participer à l’élaboration du diverses activités, a directement contribué à un changement de dialogue qui devrait prouver son importance au-delà de la portée d'un projet individuel. Ministère en charge de l’emploi a pris très au sérieux la coopération technique du BIT et comprend parfaitement le mandat de l’OIT de promotion de l’emploi, la protection sociale et l’inclusion sociale, ce qui a permis aux fonctionnaires et aux autres partenaires de développer de nouveaux services, évaluer de nouvelles politiques et échanger de bonnes pratiques en matière de sensibilisation syndicats et organisations d’employeurs.
• Improving industrial relations for decent work and sustainable development of textile and garment industries in Ethiopia - Final Cluster Evaluation Working directly with factories and regions can lead to loss of ownership at national level. An important lesson learned of the current project is the benefit and the potential negative impact of working directly with regional structures and factories without the full engagement of the national constituents. The direct interventions with the factories have given the project some immediate results and had a positive impact on the working conditions especially in relation to OHS in the targeted factories. The chosen approach did however limit the attention paid to the very much needed capacity building of the national structures of the constituents. The constituent’s ownership to the project seems also to have become less because of this approach.
• Improving industrial relations for decent work and sustainable development of textile and garment industries in Ethiopia - Final Cluster Evaluation Lack of gender disaggregated data in the design phase leads to low priority of empowerment of women. The project documents were generally lacking gender disaggregated data, likewise were the set-out targets also not gender disaggregated. There were limited activities for ensuring women empowerment through targeted leadership capacity building for women. As a result, were few women participating in skills development whereas many participated in awareness raising. A consequence of this will be that the skills and knowledge gap between males and females will increase and by that is the likelihood that more female leaders will appear in the workers and employers’ organisations and among e.g., Labour Inspectors be minimised.
• ILO Disability Inclusion Policy and Strategy (2020-23) - Final thematic evaluation Leadership at all levels is required to further disability mainstreaming across the organisation.
• ILO Disability Inclusion Policy and Strategy (2020-23) - Final thematic evaluation Resourcing is important to consider in designing and implementing strategies
• Programme d'activités pour l'emploi des jeunes dans la province du Katanga (PAEJK) - Évaluation finale La gestion et la coordination générale de projets de coopération technique tels que le PAEJK doit être le plus près possible du terrain afin d’en simplifier les mécanismes de mise en œuvre. Le dispositif de gestion doit néanmoins tenir compte de la complexité du contexte d’intervention et se prémunir contre les éventuelles interférences et influences que pourrait subir l’équipe de projet.
• Programme d'activités pour l'emploi des jeunes dans la province du Katanga (PAEJK) - Évaluation finale L’instauration d’une approche intégrée dans le cadre d’un projet complexe multi-composantes doit se doter d’une stratégie de mise œuvre détaillée.
• ILO’s Safety + Health for All Flagship Programme - Final thematic evaluation Collecting, organizing and keeping knowledge products in one place accompanied with search engine allows provision of efficient operational and technical support
• ILO’s Safety + Health for All Flagship Programme - Final thematic evaluation Allocation of human resources for national coordination at 50% part time leads to poor coordination and affects implementation of project activities
• ILO’s Safety + Health for All Flagship Programme - Final thematic evaluation The programme of such scale and ambitions should have provisioned more adequate resources in terms of staffing, financing, technical and organizational support
• ILO’s Safety + Health for All Flagship Programme - Final thematic evaluation Investing in design and strategies pays-off but the process of conceptualization of such global programme as Safety + Health for All may take up to five years.
• ILO’s Safety + Health for All Flagship Programme - Final thematic evaluation Theory of changes of such global programmes as Safety + Health for All should sound clear and simple to be easily understood by various audiences.
• ILO’s Safety + Health for All Flagship Programme - Final thematic evaluation Creation of M&E position of high qualification is important to ensure coherent monitoring and reporting on programme results across country, regional and global projects.
• Promouvoir la bonne gouvernance du marché du travail et les droits fondamentaux au travail au Maroc - Évaluation finale Les changements recherchés en matière de respect des normes au travail et de dialogue social doivent être inscrits dans le moyen et le long terme dans les pays où le dialogue social est encore peu développé. Les projets qui visent des changements significatifs exigent des interventions bâties sur le moyen et le long terme. Par exemple, certaines modifications de la législation nationale marocaine sont un préalable à la ratification de la Convention 87 du BIT. La signature de conventions collectives peut exiger un long temps de maturation (cas de la Convention de Meknes qui a été signée au bout de 15 ans de négociation). Les mandants tripartites ont leurs propres agendas de développement et stratégies de négociation spécifiques. En fonction des enjeux, on assiste à des lenteurs/pesanteurs dans les processus décisionnels, voire à des résistances aux changements.
• Promouvoir la bonne gouvernance du marché du travail et les droits fondamentaux au travail au Maroc - Évaluation finale Les approches d’interventions basées sur la flexibilité et l’innovation contribuent à l’efficacité des projets tels que le Projet de Gouvernance du marché du travail et les droits fondamentaux au travail au Maroc. En lieu et place d’une approche rigide et d’un plan d’actions figé, l’équipe du Projet a su faire preuve de créativité et d’adaptation aux besoins de ses clients. Elle n’a pas cherché à respecter son plan d’actions de manière aveugle mais elle est restée à l’écoute des besoins exprimés par les mandants tripartites. En effet, dans un contexte politique marqué par de nombreux changements institutionnels et en présence de grandes organisations professionnelles expérimentées, il fallait beaucoup d’ingéniosité et de flexibilité pour intéresser les mandants tripartites. Cela est d’autant plus important que la réussite du Projet dépendait de la qualité de leur participation. Le Donateur (US DOS) a également fait montre de compréhension et de flexibilité en acceptant de prolonger le Projet d’une année sans frais et en permettant de faire les ajustements budgétaires jugés opportuns.
• Promouvoir la bonne gouvernance du marché du travail et les droits fondamentaux au travail au Maroc - Évaluation finale L’importance d’assurer un suivi des mandants tripartites formés dans le cadre du Projet. Sans un suivi des personnes formées par le Projet, il sera difficile d’apprécier le degré de réinvestissement des nouvelles connaissances, de repérer en temps utile les difficultés rencontrées et d’apporter les mesures correctrices nécessaires. Il est important d’assurer un suivi des mandants tripartites ayant pris part aux formations afin de s’assurer des acquis des formations, des besoins en accompagnement technique et des nouveaux besoins en formation. Le suivi doit être considéré comme une activité capitale qui permet de tirer des leçons des pratiques managériales et de les améliorer. A cet effet, le Projet gagnerait à se doter davantage de ressources humaines et financières pour assurer le suivi des partenaires ayant pris part aux différentes formations.
• Promouvoir la bonne gouvernance du marché du travail et les droits fondamentaux au travail au Maroc - Évaluation finale La confiance mutuelle, la disponibilité d’expertise en négociation et d’agents de changements constituent le socle d’un dialogue social réussi et bâti autour des intérêts de l’entreprise. Les acteurs qui sont appelés à dialoguer doivent bien se connaitre et se faire confiance. Cela est valable pour l’ensemble des mandants tripartites. Si tous les acteurs en négociation sont mus par la recherche de compromis qui doit être la finalité de toute négociation, il devient plus aisé de concilier durablement leurs intérêts et leurs positions souvent divergentes. Or, le plus souvent, les acteurs qui sont appelés à négocier n’ont pas été préparés à cet exercice difficile qui ne doit pas être confondu avec l’intimidation et la domination. Les travailleurs auraient tort de se contenter de faire des revendications mais il leur faut aussi réfléchir à l’avancement de l’entreprise. Les employeurs doivent accepter de respecter les droits des travailleurs et les normes au travail et non pas toujours exploiter les failles de la législation du travail. L’administration du travail est appelée à accompagner l’effort collectif de négociation et contribuer ainsi à asseoir la paix sociale dans l’entreprise, gage de stabilité, de performance et de promotion sociale pour tous.
• Convening stakeholders to develop and implement strategies to reduce child labor in artisanal and small-scale gold mining - Final Evaluation  Creating horizonal linkages between key national stakeholders and vertical linkages between national and local stakeholders on ASGM increases effectiveness and efficiency. The project effectively created horizonal and vertical linkages. These linkages created collaboration and promoted partnerships between key government and non-government actors involved in the ASGM sector. Collaboration and partnerships, on the other hand, encouraged effectiveness and efficiency by focusing scare resources and avoiding duplication of efforts.
• Convening stakeholders to develop and implement strategies to reduce child labor in artisanal and small-scale gold mining - Final Evaluation  Implementing partners should have a dedicated M&E and finance officers to facilitate reporting. Several of the project’s implementing partners in Ghana and the Philippines experienced problems meeting ILO quality and deadline requirements for technical and financial reporting. One explanation is that the partners did not have qualified and dedicated M&E and finance officers to ensure accurate and timely reporting. Having qualified and dedicated M&E and finance officers should help implementing partners meet quality and deadline requirements while freeing up project managers and field coordinators to focus on implementation rather than on reporting. Based on this experience, future ILO and USDOL projects that rely on local implementing organizations to implement activities might consider requiring that a dedicated M&E officer be key personnel who are essential to support timely and quality technical reporting. In addition, the M&E officer should receive periodic training on project monitoring, reporting, and monitoring tools.
• Convening stakeholders to develop and implement strategies to reduce child labor in artisanal and small-scale gold mining - Final Evaluation  Future projects implemented or funded by the ILO and USDOL might consider what viable and acceptable options exist for the desired behavior change. For example, the project could conduct a barrier analysis -- a rapid assessment approach to identify the determinants of behavior. The findings could be used to inform more effective behavior change communication messages, strategies, and supporting activities that respond to the skills and knowledge, ideational, or environmental factors that influence mine OSH practices. The project could also consider a human-centered approach, such as design thinking or Positive Deviance, whereby the specific experience and needs of ASGM workers would be used to identify or develop tailored solutions to their specific needs.
• Convening stakeholders to develop and implement strategies to reduce child labor in artisanal and small-scale gold mining - Final Evaluation  For regional or global projects like CARING Gold Mining, it is important to locate the project office, including the project director and key technical and administrative support staff, in an operating environment where it receives effective administrative and financial support. The CARING Gold Mining project was located in Ghana, which is an ILO project office that relies on the ILO country office in Abuja, Nigeria for supervisory, administrative, and financial support as well as approvals. The lack of strong administrative and financial support infrastructure in the Ghana project office created inefficiencies including lag times for decision-making and other delays. The preferred option would have been to locate the project office in the ILO country office in the Philippines that has a country director and strong program, administrative, and financial support as well as a reliable communication infrastructure. In future regional or global projects that rely on a centralized project office to management the project, the ILO and USDOL should ensure that the project office is place in a location where it receives effective and efficient administrative and financial backstopping.
• Convening stakeholders to develop and implement strategies to reduce child labor in artisanal and small-scale gold mining - Final Evaluation  Deep involvement and participation of key stakeholders creates ownership that contributes to sustainability. This includes involving key stakeholders in developing policies and action plans, providing training, developing tools, and participating in community events such as trainings, townhall meetings, and durbars. Key stakeholders in both Ghana and the Philippines believe they own project outputs and outcomes. As discussed in the sustainability section, research shows that ownership helps ensure that those outputs and outcomes are sustained.
• Convening stakeholders to develop and implement strategies to reduce child labor in artisanal and small-scale gold mining - Final Evaluation  Behavior change related to mine OSH requires access to viable and acceptable options. The project provided mine OSH training that increased awareness but may not have resulted in behavior change such as the use of PPE and the adoption of mercury-free methods. Miners believe if they were provided feasible options to mercury or financial help to purchase comfortable PPE, they would make these behavior changes. The lesson is that to bring about behavior change that reduces workplace risk such as the use of mercury-free methods or the use of PPE, miners require ASGM-functional, accessible and affordable options in order to adopt new and safer behaviors. Even the elimination or substitution of mine-related risk factors or the introduction of engineering and administrative controls might not be feasible in many ASGM operations.
• Convening stakeholders to develop and implement strategies to reduce child labor in artisanal and small-scale gold mining - Final Evaluation  It is appropriate to use the CRAFT code as a continuous improvement process to achieve formalization for the ASGM sector. As described in Section 3.3, the mine formalization requirements in Ghana and the Philippines for SSM are very difficult to meet. The CRAFT’s emphasis of progressively addressing environmental and social problems is appropriate for the ASGM sector since many SSM lack resources required to achieve full formalization. The challenge, however, is convincing governments to allow SSM to operate legally if they are involved in implementing the CRAFT code. One way to address this challenge is to provide provisional “legal” operating status to SSMs who participate in Craft. To maintain the provisional status, SSMs would be required to demonstrate progress in achieving environmental and social benchmarks in the Craft process. This could be done as part of the implementation the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas.
• Improving labour market data sources in Myanmar through support to the National Labour Force and School-to-Work Transition Survey - Final Evaluation In a technical assistance project, it is important to have a clear understanding and agreement on the roles and responsibilities of implementing partners and detailed job description or terms of reference is required of any short- or long-term engagement. It took almost 18 months for the ILO Liaison Office to sign service contract with MOLES, largely due to different positions taken by MOLES/DOL and CSO, which led to changes in implementation arrangements. Originally, CSO was to conduct the survey and provide technical support and MOLES/DOL to provide policy guidance, but later on MOLES/DOL took over survey responsibility because it realized that CSO had another commitment and had inadequate capacity. While concrete evidence does not exist, but anecdotal evidence based on some key informants suggests that MOLES/DOL may not have been willing to share resources with other agencies on a fair basis. The Project had allocated funds for engaging short-term consultants but the Project Document did not have TORs for consultants. The project document did not provide clear guidance on the use of consultancy budget. Had the need analysis done adequately at the formulation stage, the Project could have avoided this shortcoming and capitalized on short-term consultant inputs. Consultant engagement at the beginning of the Project in light of delayed mobilization of CTA. It was unrealistic to expect the Project staff to come up with TORs given that the original implementation period was only 18 months.
• Improving labour market data sources in Myanmar through support to the National Labour Force and School-to-Work Transition Survey - Final Evaluation Labour market surveys need to take into account respondents’ background, focused on priority data needs and institutional capacity. For Myanmar, the survey was too complex, long and time consuming. Respondent households had to spend anywhere from one and half-hour to three hours and forego their work and social commitments. The institutional capacity in implementing partners was weak and CSO lacked ownership due to communication gap. Since the survey took place after a gap of 25 years, it would have been better to split it into three parts – labour force, child labour and school-to-work transition.
• Improving labour market data sources in Myanmar through support to the National Labour Force and School-to-Work Transition Survey - Final Evaluation Any project irrespective of its size or coverage need to go through a proper quality assessment prior to approval. The project could have benefitted from an in-depth review of the project proposal and the review should have ascertained the scope of the project keeping in mind the country context and institutional capacity. It was important for the project document to identify key risks and assumptions as well as risk mitigation measures, which could have shortened implementation delays.
• Improving labour market data sources in Myanmar through support to the National Labour Force and School-to-Work Transition Survey - Final Evaluation Countries with no labour force survey for several years need a longer project duration so that the projects can make adequate social preparation and develop minimum technical and managerial capacity in implementing agencies. Ministry of Labour of Myanmar did their last labour force survey way back in 1990. Not until 2014, the country had its last Census of Population and Dwelling in 1983. This was the first of its kind attempt to conduct a labour force, child labour and school-to-work transition survey (all combined in one) with ILO’s technical and financial support. Original project duration was 18 months. This would have been feasible in a country with a well-established labour statistics system. Nearly eight months delay in mobilizing the Chief Technical Advisor (CTA) did not help either. Eventually, ILO extended the Project by another 12 months. The Project should have undertaken an in-depth institutional analysis of the implementing partners and based on that designed the Project to be implemented over 30-36 months. This does not mean that the CTA should have been there for the entire duration. The Project should have focused on building technical and managerial capacity of the implementing partners.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Final Evaluation Operational Effectiveness: There is always need to have in place requisite operational tools and strategies including an effective and efficient M&E system, clearly and strategically defined communication and exit strategies.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Final Evaluation Experiential Learning: While experiential learning by way of out-bound tours to the ports of Antwerp and Rotterdam were quite useful, more in-bound tours by delegations from the collaborating ports of Antwerp and Rotterdam should be built into project design in future.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Final Evaluation Promotion, Effectiveness and Sustainability of Social Dialogue: While promotion of social dialogue principles has a high potential for strengthening relationships between labour and management in any organization to the mutual benefits of both parties, this can only be effectively sustained by institutionalizing or integrating the intervention into the internal structures and operations of the ports; and its promotion and institutionalization requires not only patience owing to its inherent sensitivity but also some degree of well-considered exertiveness on the part of the implementers to avoid unnecessary drag on project implementation plans.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Final Evaluation Retention of Key Staff of Previous phase: Retaining the same CTA under phase 1 during was valuable to the project.
• Promotion of Decent Work in Southern African Ports (phase II) - Final Evaluation Project coverage and scoping: There is always need to avoid ambition and to set more practical and realistic scope and targets of a project.
• TRIANGLE in ASEAN: Safe and Fair Labour Migration - Midterm Cluster Evaluation The Lesson Learned is that providing intensive and tailored gender training to implementing partners during the inception period has proven to result in a shared understanding of gender equality and women’s empowerment which is beneficial for the remainder of the project.
• TRIANGLE in ASEAN: Safe and Fair Labour Migration - Midterm Cluster Evaluation The Lesson Learned is that the merging of the Project Design Documents for DFAT and GAC and the move into a joint management structure under the programme approach of TRIANGLE in ASEAN took quite some time but resulted in different types of efficiencies such as:  consolidation of management structures,  increased specialisation of staff,  harmonization of activities, and  streamlined administrative and reporting functions. Although having led to delays in certain programme elements during 2017, the programme has now been implemented effectively, and, in fact, the GAC and DFAT investments have leveraged each other's resources to increase value for money and it is ensuring a harmonised approach to support safe and fair labour migration.
• Strengthening HIV Prevention, Care, Treatment and Social Protection in the World of Work - Final Evaluation Short projects make it very difficult to build sustainability if there is not ILO resources to support the constituent partners after the project has finished.
• Strengthening HIV Prevention, Care, Treatment and Social Protection in the World of Work - Final Evaluation Involving both manager and worker in HIV projects is important to changing the culture towards HIV in the work place.
• Strengthening HIV Prevention, Care, Treatment and Social Protection in the World of Work - Final Evaluation Ensure that country programs and their tripartite constituents have the flexibility to design their own programs ensures relevance and ownership of the project.
• Strengthening HIV Prevention, Care, Treatment and Social Protection in the World of Work - Final Evaluation Project management requires either a NPC or a strong local partner to administer the project. Financial gains may be made from not having a NPC in country of implementation, but without ILO’s support the project can delayed if the local partner is not strong enough to implement required administrative tasks.
• Business opportunities and support services (BOSS) - Final evaluation BOSS’s Immediate Objectives were achieved through the implementation of project components that were managed quite separately from one another. At the overall program level, BOSS did not regularly reflect on the overall causal logic or make adjustments to it. The lesson learned is that applying a program-wide M4P approach could integrate program management across interventions, even if implemented by separate entities. This maximises the relevance and learning between interventions and will ultimately support broader, more sustainable impacts. Regular, program-level strategic review meetings and workshops to gauge project progress on impact, effectiveness, and needed course-correction could have strengthened cohesion and synergies across BOSS’s interventions.
• Business opportunities and support services (BOSS) - Final evaluation M&E documentation is key for a project to be “evaluation ready” to maximize learning from an external evaluation. Above all, this requires a process of documentation throughout the project period with a final evaluation in mind, following a general principle that every project aims to contribute to the body of knowledge in international development. Monitoring and evaluation documentation is particularly important for assessing whether a project was evidence based, learned, and adapted. If a project is able to utilise adaptive management and iterative design – which is ideal – it is important to document the iterations and the rationale for any changes.
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE II) - Final Evaluation Integrated, area based and multi actor approach is clearly achievable when all key stakeholders involved in the project play their roles accordingly and follow the planned activities. In the case of the ARISE II Project, all key stakeholders played their roles accordingly, and hence the project attained its purpose
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE II) - Final Evaluation Awareness-raising and the resulting changes in attitudes and behaviour within a community contribute significantly to sustaining project outcomes If communities and government authorities are influenced, they are more likely to take ownership of the project and be willing to work to sustain the outcomes after it ends. This was the case with ARISE II project communities who have taken ownership of the results through government departments and local structures (DCLC and CCLCs). The communities have continued to form SHGs and IGA groups and submit reports to the DCLC.
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE II) - Final Evaluation Social mobilization that is enhanced through community involvement and consensus building assists in building trust between Project Implementers and Communities. In the communities that were serviced by ARISE I it was difficult to re - establish SHGs and IGAs as most community members did not see the benefits of the project apart from few children being taken back to school. It is difficult to convince communities when trust is lost. The communities also did not see the benefit of taking the children to vocation skills centres as most the children trained neither got neither jobs nor practicing their skills. However, working with the CCLCs in the old communities, the Project has continued to form SHG and IGA groups, and offered vocational skills to withdrawn children in the communities
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE II) - Final Evaluation Creativity and innovation are necessary for effective awareness-raising and implementing child labour activities The use of prevented/ withdrawn children in dances, sketches, plays, and drama as performers in depicting issues of child labour in communities enhances message impact among parents and other members of the community. The performers utilized traditional or historical messages, settings and contexts on issues of child labour. This was effectively used by the project through CCLCs and Schools to raise awareness in all the communities. In both structures (CCLCS and School) peer educators were used. Greater impact was realized and hence the project exceeded the projected numbers that were prevented, protected and withdrawn.
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE II) - Final Evaluation Sustainability of every results of the project depends not only on focusing on attainment of its objectives, identifying right stakeholders and successful implementation of project activities but also ownership of the project results by the local structures and the beneficiaries past after the project phase out In the case of ARISE II all the structures including GRZ departments have taken ownership of the activity results that were undertaken by the Project. In this regards, the DCLC, CCLCs, the Leaf Production Technicians .and traditional leadership have continued to monitor issues of CL and protecting children in engaging in child labour.
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE II) - Final Evaluation Complementarity of the core activities of the project with others is very cardinal to attaining project aims and goals In the case of this project the core activity was combating child labour. However, realizing that the main cause of child labour in Kaoma and Nkeyema is the high poverty levels, the project incorporated livelihood activities to assist parents and guardians of children in child labour to improve their socio- economic status. In the same vein of complementarity, another lesson learnt were complementary efforts exhibited by stakeholder organizations involved in the project that also contributed to successful implementation of project activities. A combination of individual skills and dynamism approaches amongst key stakeholders were key in bringing the necessary impact on communities. Furthermore, the networking of partners guaranteed the success of the implementation process
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE II) - Final Evaluation Engaging the support of the media in raising awareness considerably broadens the impact One of the major lessons learnt was the importance of involving the media in raising awareness on the issues of child labour. As aforementioned, ARISE II project worked with media to raise awareness on a broader scale, including through news stories and interviews. A training/sensitization workshop was conducted for journalists to deepen their understanding of the problem of child labour and sensitive reporting. Once trained and sensitized to the development issue of child labour, these change agents, especially Radio Cheke, have continued to cover issues of child labour in regular routine programmes.
• A programme to reduce WFCL in tobacco-growing communities in Zambia (ARISE II) - Final Evaluation Employers and workers’ organizations constitute an essential group in combating child labour If children are working, someone is employing them. To address this issue the Project involved the umbrella bodies of the employers’ and employee’s groups (ZFE and ZCTU) to implement some activities in the project areas. This broadened the scope of sensitization and awareness campaigns to cover farmers (who employ the children) and adult workers (who work with the children), too. The two organizations provided training on occupational safety and health, hazardous works and international labour standards.
• Outcome 5: Thematic Funding for 2014-2015 - Final Independent Evaluation Engaging effectively with employers for domestic workers’ and low wage workers’ rights. Working with employers is a crucial component of the ILO tripartite strategy, and is critical for promoting the rights of domestic workers and other vulnerable/ low wage workers. However the domestic work sector presents particular challenges for this. Progress has been made by the project in reaching out to umbrella employers’ organizationsby drawing on the ILO’s wider good relations with them through other collaborations, and by emphasizing their technical expertise and knowledge generation role over their political role. In addition, some novel employers’ organizations (e.g. the Association of Employers of Domestic Workers in Zambia) have been supported. However the project has highlighted some challenges for working with employers of domestic workers in particular, which could act as a basis for wider learning and the development of knowledge tools. This includes the following: In the case of supporting Associations for Employers of Domestic Workers (as in Zambia), there is a need for deeper research and consultation to understand what would incentivize employers to organize. Where employers’ of DW have been motivated to organize on the basis of solidarity with workers, and feminist principles (rather than by employers’ own interests), this may create barriers for inclusion within wider employers’ umbrella organizations and tripartite structures. How to support the recognition of such social justice based employers’ organizations by wider tripartite constituents could thus be an area of inquiry. The scope for promoting DWs’ labour rights through agencies for domestic workers (e.g. Maids’ Centres) also seems a promising avenue, but (judging by DW contract templates produced by Maid’s centers in Zambia examined during the evaluation) the extent to which they represent employers’ interest vis a vis workers’ rights is an area for further research.
• Outcome 5: Thematic Funding for 2014-2015 - Final Independent Evaluation Contribution to Outcome 6 in the new ILO P&B: How to ‘formalize’ in an increasingly informal global economy? The project is extremely well placed to inform Outcome 6 of the new ILO P&B strategy (Formalizing the Informal Sector). Furthermore it may also be a good starting point to interrogate what the vision of ‘formalization’ promoted by this new Outcome should constitute. Research suggests that, in an increasingly globalised economy, the formal labour conditions that were previously associated with national economies with developed welfare states and state managed labour protection, are now increasingly rare, in particular in the global South. Thus for example, research has highlighted the feminization of labour force participation, characterized both by increasing female labour force participation, and by more flexible, unprotected, part time, and low wage conditions of employment, and an increasingly blurred distinctions between the formal and the informal sector, which result from increasingly competitive global markets and national deregulation of labour protection in an effort to attract international business. In this context, the experience of extending labour protection and decent work to domestic workers could provide wider learnings about how to extend labour protection to informal sector workers, not through trying to produce traditional formal labour markets, which are increasingly a chimera, but by developing novel ways of governing employment (including through change in social norms) and providing the core components of decent work, in the context of flexible, small scale forms of work, with distinctive employment relationships, as typified by domestic work.
• Addressing the root causes of migration in Ethiopia - Final Evaluation It is important for ILO to ensure the inclusion of MoLSA as a key partner in the initial design and steering committees of every project no matter who the partner of the donor in the country is. This will ensure the timely implementation of the project, and stronger ownership. It should also support the engagement of the other social partners as well in the design given ILO’s tripartite model.
• Addressing the root causes of migration in Ethiopia - Final Evaluation Engaging employers early and regularly is critical to ensuring the PES centres can operate effectively. This requires necessary resources to ensure the staff of the centres can conduct efficient outreach.
• Employment for Youth in Egypt (EYE): Providing a Reason to Stay - Final evaluation The modernization of the Grace Village Pottery cluster demonstrated how locally available opportunities encourage both males and females to peruse carriers locally, and how exposure is key in creating motivation for change.
• Employment for Youth in Egypt (EYE): Providing a Reason to Stay - Final evaluation The cooperation with universities and the use of university venues increased the credibility of the training and increased the project’s outreach.
• Employment for Youth in Egypt (EYE): Providing a Reason to Stay - Final evaluation Continuous follow-up and monitoring of activity lead to enhanced results such as conducting an online session based on participants' survey that increased participation. Also, questioning the low rate of female participation in Menoufia alters their outreach strategy.
• Employment for Youth in Egypt (EYE): Providing a Reason to Stay - Final evaluation Using untraditional means of awareness raising such as involvement of returned illegal immigrants or artistic methods like the interactive drama are effective tools
• Employment for Youth in Egypt (EYE): Providing a Reason to Stay - Final evaluation Empowering and involving local youth is a good practice as they have deep insight into the needs of their communities and relevant strategies for addressing them.
• Report of the Independent Evaluation of African Country Programme Outcomes (CPOs) funded from 2012-2013 RBSA in the Thematic Area of Social Protection The need for strategic use of resources, by forging of strategic partnerships, networks and collaboration with other development partners; The need for stakeholder consultations, not just during the design of the relevant DWCP, but also the selection of CPO for enhanced ownership, “buy-in” and support by stakeholders; The need for ILO to invest in methods and assets to ensure adequate exchange of knowledge and maintenance of proper evaluation record and follow-up; The need for timely notification and release of RBSA Funds to avoid implementers from going for the “low lying fruits” which may not necessarily have high and sustainable impact; The need to be realistic in the selection of outputs/outcomes and budget estimation; The need for Regional Strategies to address regional issues; The need for systematic and timely M&E and reporting of progress of CPOs; The need for Flexibility in CPO Implementation and Management in countries facing fragility and socio-economic and political; The need to avoid lumping several CPOs under CO Priority Outcomes and putting the salary of an expert across several CPOs and/or several country offices.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 Government commitment is essential to ensure sustainability of a DWA. The BDWA has shown the key role the state government has played in ensuring the continuity and expansion of DW initiatives. Since the beginning, they took the lead to design and implement the Agenda and were determined to implant the principles into their policies and operations. The BDWP’s inclusion in the PPA and the creation of a fund to promote DW, two of the most significant features guaranteeing the BDWA’s sustainability, were only possible due to government commitment.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 It is possible to implement a subnational DWA. The BDWA was the first subnational DWA to be implemented worldwide to which the evaluators are aware. The feasibility of initiating such an effort, without the establishment of a national DWA, was questioned. The BDWA is proof that this is possible. The national DWA was official launched in 2006, but never gained any traction until the second half of 2008. Regardless of the delays in its development, the tripartite leaders in Bahia, especially the government, were able to successfully create and implement the Agenda. It is important to note, however, that the
  three priorities established in the national agenda served as inspiration for the establishment of the BDWA axes. One factor that could have influenced the success of the subnational agenda was the political alignment between the state and federal governments. However, this was not the case. Very little funding and support to the establishment and implementation of the BDWA came from the federal government. Furthermore, the recent development of a DWA in the State of Mato Grosso, with a governor from a different political party, also disproves the initial hypothesis.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 The transition from a DWA to a DWP requires considerable technical knowledge on planning, monitoring and evaluation. While an Agenda is a statement of principles defining the ILO approach, a Programme involves the transformation of those principles into specific priorities, outcomes and lines of action, with quantifiable goals and indicators. Technical knowledge on planning, monitoring and evaluation is essential to develop a good programme. Several members of the BDWA steering committee and technical chambers were limited in these areas. Therefore, the ILO played an essential role by providing the necessary technical support to empower constituents to develop good programmes.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 A large number of axes in a DWA can broaden the participation of government agencies, but can also decrease the interest of other constituents. The BDWA was able to bring together representatives from 11 different departments within the government using a strategy of creating specific axes relevant to those professionals. However, the more included government members felt, representatives from others constituents were less attracted to participating in the process. This was especially true for the employers as they felt some of the themes, such as domestic work and civil servants, did not concern them.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 The BDWA intervention, perhaps more than anything else, demonstrates the power of self-organization. In the face of numerous challenges, the country of Brazil, in general, and the State of Bahia, in particular, took control of the effort to promote decent work. They experimented with previously unknown organizational structures and processes to come up with an intervention that was appropriate for their context. The result is an unconventional decent work initiative that has achieved unconventional results.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 Variations in design may be the price the ILO has to pay in order for constituents to assume full ownership of DWPs.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 Political economy drives the budget process. What happens cannot be controlled. Therefore, there is a need to take advantage of opportunities when they arise. This may be a key factor for assuring sustainability
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 The ILO project not only supported the outcomes of the DW Agenda, it also provided support to meet the strategic needs of the tripartite constituents. However, this was uneven, given the government’s greater leadership in the process. In the case of Bahia, this included building the capacity of the tripartite constituents, creating an enabling environment for the BDWA and making small strategic investments to leverage the work of the tripartite constituents.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 One reason that this intervention had such an impact was because, perhaps inadvertently, it took a systemic approach. The intervention altered the structure of the labour relations system which, in turn, influenced the processes that the system was able to carry out. Function follows form. For instance, the ILO team in Brasília had to create new strategies for working more systemically, and in an integrated way, among themselves. This allowed them to respond to the systemic demands and challenges posed by the BDWA.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 Developing an evaluation culture is a process that requires time and effort. It is necessary to invest in developing the learning capacity of managers, aiming at improving their abilities for planning and formulating indicators. However, it is also necessary to create management structures focused on monitoring the implementation of both the DW Agenda and Programme.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 The lead role played by the government was fundamental in mobilizing the actors involved in the BDWA. It is, however, imperative to be clear about the need to build more horizontal relationships with representatives from workers and employers.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the State of Bahia, Brazil: 2006-2009 Promoting social dialogue requires leaders of the involved groups to have the capacity to mediate differences and to use an appropriate language for each group. For instance, representatives from employers are not accustomed to attending long meetings where the primary focus is on theoretical themes. There is a need to find ways to discuss themes of interest to one group that, nevertheless, is sensitive to the interests and cultures of all those involved.
• Improving social dialogue in working life - Final evaluation The project has suffered from shortcomings at design phase. Indicators are activity- and not result-based. Activities are too numerous and this was to a certain extent detrimental to a more strategic focus. Insufficient attention has been paid to sustainability issues, such as production of tangible outputs (as an example, a roadmap to social dialogue) and insertion of training into institutional practices. There is no exit strategy. Finally, gender equality and non-discrimination aspects were not included in the project. All this posed some limitations to the ultimate success of the initiative.
• Improving social dialogue in working life - Final evaluation The project has produced interesting results at bipartite level, and has demonstrated that mutual understanding, interaction and dialogue among employers and workers/trade unions can be fruitful for improvement of working conditions and other elements focused on workers’ rights.
• Improving social dialogue in working life - Final evaluation The sectoral approach in social dialogue has proven to be potentially highly effective in this project, as it allows for sharing sector concerns and discussing sectoral issues from a perspective of mutual empathy and consideration of problems and challenges of social partners.
• Improving social dialogue in working life - Final evaluation The heavy external constraints due to the political situation of the country at the time of project implementation has interestingly produced both positive and negative effects. If the negative side is clear, the positive side is that.
• Improving social dialogue in working life - Final evaluation The project has effectively used existing networks with the private sector and other relevant actors (IndustriALL, Global Compact) and has developed new partnerships. This has proven to be key for the success of the action.
• Workplaces and industries for sustainable and inclusive growth through tripartite dialogue and practical knowledge - Final evaluation Due to the complexity and multi dimensional aspects of sustainability issues faced by the ASEAN countries, specifically in Indonesia, it is crucial to allocate adequate resources (i.e. time, human resources and fund) to achieve the desired project objectives. This relates to Outcome 2 “Enhanced Local Tripartite Structures and support systems for fostering sustainability and competitiveness of sectors and workplaces of the project”.
• Amélioration de l'environment pour le développement de l'entreprenariat agropastoral et renforcement des capacités entrepreneuriales des jeunes (PEA-JEUNES) - Evaluation indépendante à mi-parcours Efficacité de gestion / Conditions idoines de mise en oeuvre Les enseignements suivants ont été identifies : (i) La bonne intégration de l’équipe du Projet d’assistance technique du BIT dans le Programme national est une leçon positive, car cela permet au Projet de se dérouler normalement. L’analyse a montré en effet un vrai engagement pour un partenariat dynamique, ainsi qu’une réactivité de nature appropriée aux exigences des conditions de mise en oeuvre. Autant de facteurs essentiels et déterminants qui ont contribué à rendre le partenariat entre le BIT et le Programme national gagnant. Du reste, ce cas constitue un cas unique d’un projet national financé sur prêt FIDA et qui verse les ressources au BIT pour lui apporter l’assistance technique. (ii) La fluidité des échanges, en particulier les relations entre le BIT et la Cellule national de coordination du PEA-Jeunes, a permis de faire la différence et surmonter certains défis de mise en oeuvre impliquant divers intervenants pour une bonne synergie dans le partenariat. Ceci tient d’approche de référence pour faciliter les contacts et les relations de travail. Dans l’élan de cette bonne synergie de partenariat dynamique, le Projet a facilité l’obtention des bourses de formation au Centre international de formation de l’OIT à Turin à plusieurs cadres du PEA-Jeunes, les familiarisant ainsi au concept de travail décent, ce qui enseigne sur les potentialités et les opportunités d’un partenariat avec le BIT. Une leçon d’initiative susceptible d’enrichir la synergie de partenariat. (iii) Le processus de formulation : l’expérience a montré que certaines conditions de mise en oeuvre devraient être prises en compte dès le départ et faire l’objet d’accord, tels que par exemple, les conditions de décaissement (que le Gouvernement permette un décaissement direct par le FIDA au BIT), un budget conséquent pour couvrir les coûts essentiels d’opérations mais aussi de fonctionnement, le niveau
• Amélioration de l'environment pour le développement de l'entreprenariat agropastoral et renforcement des capacités entrepreneuriales des jeunes (PEA-JEUNES) - Evaluation indépendante à mi-parcours Commencer par expérimenter l’utilisation de GERME générique dans un secteur avant de procéder aux adaptations. Les expériences montrent que ce type d’adaptation prend du temps pouvant aller jusqu’à un an et demi des premiers jets d’adaptation des manuels des entrepreneurs et du guide du formateur, la confection des images et couvertures en passant par les tests de formation sur le terrain, les corrections nécessaires ainsi que l’impression finale des manuels. Ce qui va aussi de pair avec le financement élevé. Etablir et bien articuler les relations entre les différents intervenants accompagnant les jeunes dans un Programme. Il s’agit en l’occurrence ici des facilitateurs chargés notamment d’appuyer les jeunes dans le choix de meilleures idées de projet, les conseillers chargés de l’accompagnement à l’élaboration de plans d’affaires, et les conseillers de suivi-accompagnement, afin de renforcer l’efficacité et la cohérence de l’accompagnement.
• Amélioration de l'environment pour le développement de l'entreprenariat agropastoral et renforcement des capacités entrepreneuriales des jeunes (PEA-JEUNES) - Evaluation indépendante à mi-parcours La durabilité de l’approche par incubation nécessite de renforcer le développement institutionnel même des structures d’incubation. Il faut parvenir à institutionnaliser la fonction d’incubation dans ces structures. Il convient de développer les capacités de gestion des structures d’incubation, amorcer une réflexion stratégique sur leur développement, structurer et développer leurs services dans une perspective de pérennisation. Les structures doivent développer leur modèle d’affaires, délivrer les services d’appui à l’entrepreneuriat féminin, diversifier et mobiliser des ressources financières, et nouer des partenariats, etc.
• Implementation of the national employment injury insurance scheme of Bangladesh - Final Independent Evaluation The Lesson Learned is that there is lack of clarity which has resulted in disagreement from employers regarding premium proposed in EII scheme. This acted as a major barrier in reaching tripartite agreement regarding the scheme.
• Implementation of the national employment injury insurance scheme of Bangladesh - Final Independent Evaluation The Lesson Learned is that in spite of the commitment from the highest level of the government (the Prime Minister) to introduce EII, lack of scope of facilitation and leadership from the government has led to non-achievement of project outputs.
• Livelihood restoration and protection and sustainable empowerment of vulnerable peasant communities in Sindh Province - Final joint evaluation The use of iterative sessions of group learning, gave participants a new sense of familiarity, and has led them to continue to work as groups in new initiatives of their own, particularly in marketing of their products in marketing (both men and women)
• Livelihood restoration and protection and sustainable empowerment of vulnerable peasant communities in Sindh Province - Final joint evaluation The use of Farmer Field School (FFS) and Women’s Open Schools (WOS) were very effective in introducing both conservation agriculture and improved practices to both men and women farmers. As a result: - the practices were well applied providing farmers significant improvements in productivity to motivate continued and expanded use. - Members were well able to explain key aspects of improved practices that effected the higher yields, and - had instilled a sense of responsibility with the FFS and WOS members to convey these practices to other farmers in their communities.
• Livelihood restoration and protection and sustainable empowerment of vulnerable peasant communities in Sindh Province - Final joint evaluation There is a danger for some activities (PMG, micro-finance) to select those participants who provide security for success, thus missing the most vulnerable HHs.
• Amélioration de l'environment pour le développement de l'entreprenariat agropastoral et renforcement des capacités entrepreneuriales des jeunes (PEA-JEUNES) - Final evaluation Une leçon importante est que l'OIT et le programme GERME avec ses outils, bien adaptés, se prêtent efficacement à la réussite de la formation à l'entreprenariat agro-pastoral dans le contexte de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. La leçon peut être étendue à la démarche de formation, au partenariat établi avec les Centres de Formation et à la mise en place de mécanismes de formation continue. "
• Amélioration de l'environment pour le développement de l'entreprenariat agropastoral et renforcement des capacités entrepreneuriales des jeunes (PEA-JEUNES) - Final evaluation Une autre leçon qui peut être utilement tirée du projet pour renforcer l'efficacité des interventions de l'OIT est l'importance d'appliquer les meilleures pratiques pour la préparation des projets. Une bonne formulation doit prendre en compte, de façon réaliste le temps et les ressources financières et humaines disponibles et adapter les ambitions du projet aux moyens disponibles, et donc privilégier une conception «compacte», centrée sur un nombre de priorités contenu. La leçon du projet montre également l'importance que la formulation soutient la gestion et le suivi axés sur les résultats.
• Outcome 10: Thematic funding for 2014-15 (Norway-ILO Partnership Programme 2012-15) - Final evaluation In circumstances where trade unions face major challenges in gaining respect for fundamental labour rights, project activity supported by the ILO plays a very important symbolic role, in addition to its inherent practical value – even when the level of funding is relatively modest.
• Outcome 10: Thematic funding for 2014-15 (Norway-ILO Partnership Programme 2012-15) - Final evaluation Lack of common guidelines and principles of monitoring and evaluation for partner organisations, external collaborators and ILO staff to ensure a minimum quality of project reporting, or failure to adhere to guidelines if they do exist.
• Outcome 10: Thematic funding for 2014-15 (Norway-ILO Partnership Programme 2012-15) - Final evaluation Further steps are needed to improve women’s participation in project activities. Few project activity reports contained data on project participation disaggregated by gender. The small amount of data available showed that on average that there were twice as many men as women participants.
• Support to a new generation of Public Works Schemes in Greece - Final evaluation An important lesson learned of the ILO project is that recipients of technical assistance need to learn the skills and develop competencies related to the new content (the what) and they also supported to implement with fidelity (the how). In addition, funding, policies, procedures, and regulations will need to be modified to align with and support the new practices and programs.
• Los Planes Nacionales para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente (periodo 2006-2010 y 2011-2015) - Evaluación final A mayor calidad y claridad comunicativa interna en los distintos niveles (nacional, provincial y local) mejores perspectivas de feedback y participación federal.
• Los Planes Nacionales para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente (periodo 2006-2010 y 2011-2015) - Evaluación final El apoyo político por parte de funcionarios del Estado favorece la continuidad de las acciones de los Planes Nacionales y mejora su perspectiva de sostenibilidad
• Los Planes Nacionales para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente (periodo 2006-2010 y 2011-2015) - Evaluación final La sinergia entre Políticas Sociales y los Planes Nacionales de erradicación del Trabajo Infantil potencia la capacidad y efectividad de intervención territorial.
• Los Planes Nacionales para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente (periodo 2006-2010 y 2011-2015) - Evaluación final Las bajas condiciones de evaluabilidad de los Planes Nacionales impiden un análisis riguroso de resultados y amenaza la capacidad de planificación estratégica basada en evidencia.
• Los Planes Nacionales para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente (periodo 2006-2010 y 2011-2015) - Evaluación final Una articulación de actores efectiva permitió llevar adelante acciones y viabilizar proyectos específicos superando los obstáculos generados por los déficits en términos de recursos (monetarios y no monetarios)
• Los Planes Nacionales para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección del Trabajo Adolescente (periodo 2006-2010 y 2011-2015) - Evaluación final La apertura y flexibilidad del Estado aumenta el incentivo de participación y compromiso del sector privado en sus acciones.
• ILO/Korea Partnership Programme Towards the Realization of the Asian Decent Work Decade (2015-2017) - Final Evaluation Make sure that each and every project has a proper Results Framework, Log Frame, Theory of Change and Risk Analysis
• ILO/Korea Partnership Programme Towards the Realization of the Asian Decent Work Decade (2015-2017) - Final Evaluation A three-year project cycle has proven to work out much better for longer-term planning than annual budget processes.
• ILO/Korea Partnership Programme Towards the Realization of the Asian Decent Work Decade (2015-2017) - Final Evaluation In case of a multi-country initiative it is important to have joint activities so that the different countries can learn from each other.
• International labour and environmental standards application in Pakistan's SMEs (ILES) - Midterm Evaluation Importance of a thorough project design and review process. In 2017/18, the labour component underwent a lengthy strategy redefinition following an ILO-mandated evaluability assessment, which found weaknesses in the original intervention strategy including significant overlap with other ILO projects and some inconsistencies in resource allocations. Following the assessment, ILO updated its logframe, provided more detail on enterprise level strategies and narrowed planned policy and capacity building interventions somewhat to focus on four priority topics: informality, labour protection frameworks, Occupation Safety and Health (OSH) and minimum wage setting mechanisms. While the evaluability assessment is a safeguard to improve the project intervention strategy in its inception phase, it is not meant to be a “redesign” exercise or to be a cause of a significant delay in project implementation. More generally, project documents should answer basic who, what, where, when, how and how much questions about what the project intends to do rather than describing broad areas of work and suggesting existing ILO methodologies without detailing how they will be adapted to a particular context.
• Strengthening the impact on employment of sector and trade policies - Midterm Evaluation While the STRENGTHEN project team faces different issues in different countries, the project also encounters similar challenges across countries. According to project staff, it would be useful to share inter-country knowledge and experience during the project implementation rather than towards the end of the project. Strengthening knowledge sharing contributes to the quality of the project, continuous improvement and learning to achieve best possible results.
• Strengthening the impact on employment of sector and trade policies - Final Evaluation The appropriate involvement of ILO country offices is essential for the effectiveness, impact and sustainability of development cooperation projects. Particularly work on policy influencing benefits from the engagement of national level staff and international staff based at a country level.
• Strengthening the impact on employment of sector and trade policies - Final Evaluation If a project aims to promote and implement innovative solutions, it might not be necessarily demand-driven. In this context additional time for project implementation needs to be factored in at the project design. Engaging stakeholders and getting their ownership would take much longer than in a demand-driven project.
• Strengthening the impact on employment of sector and trade policies - Final Evaluation Increasing the number of evaluation questions and evaluation scope in project evaluations leads to more breadth of the exercise at the expense of the evaluation’s depth. Answering the “why” question suffers under such circumstances. Also, interview partners are overwhelmed by too many evaluation questions and interviews remain at the surface, despite extended interview times of up to 90 minutes.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programme Strategies and Activities in North-Africa: 2010-2013 As a result of the above, ILO relevance and coherence has suffered, as well as the external perception of both. The ambiguities in ILO representational roles and function have resulted in insufficient internal and external coordination, as well as lost opportunities for ILO programming and service delivery.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programme Strategies and Activities in North-Africa: 2010-2013 Better communications with UNCT and national constituents and social partners would make ILO’s work better known and enhance its relevance at country level.This HLE has shown that the Sudan and Tunisia operations are least well represented in UNCTs, SMTs and project coordination meetings. This is partly due to mixed messages coming from different quarters (UNRCs, ROAF, CO-Algeria) disabling ILO representation in these key forums. ILO is carrying out sufficient activity in Tunisia to warrant, indeed require, a cross-project and representational function in the form of an ILO representative to: participate in UNCT meetings; represent the office generally; contribute to the development of a DWCP; maintain the reporting and communication channel with ILO Algiers; and ensure synergy, coherence and cross-project coordination. This should be part of an ILO effort especially to increase its engagement in Sudan.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programme Strategies and Activities in North-Africa: 2010-2013 ILO has the unique potential and competence to ensure the engagement of constituents even more—and earlier—in programming, project work planning and efficient delivery. In theory, this is the way to build ownership and improve implementation. It is also a tremendously labour-intensive task requiring a specific set of technical skills, collaboration efforts among the specialists, and enhanced capacities on RB project designing.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programme Strategies and Activities in North-Africa: 2010-2013 The Strategy for North Africa acknowledges the importance of social protection as one of its three pillars, but has not been able to deliver accordingly. Lessons from Tunisia indicate the importance and potential results of a dedicated social protection project in all countries, supported with the corresponding specialization on the DWT. All countries need support to improve social protection as an integral and indispensable part of the ILO development assistance package.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programme Strategies and Activities in North-Africa: 2010-2013 Subregional and regional initiatives always need to be relevant to country-specific needs and take into account existing capacities at country and subregional levels to support proper implementation.ILO North Africa and HQ must increase capacity to operate in and on crisis situations. ILO staff facing crisis/conflict situations need additional training and equipment (communications, security jackets, armbands, procedures, etc.) to enable them to be more mobile and effective operating in the field. Capacity is needed to conduct proper risk analysis, in order to make informed decisions in response to programming opportunities and priorities. Greater capacity and readiness to operate in crises need to be developed, especially to contribute to the ILO’s normative framework and a longer term development approach in line with existing donor and implementation agency humanitarian and relief approaches.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programme Strategies and Activities in North-Africa: 2010-2013 Since ILO training and knowledge products in the subregion are so effective and popular, it is wise to invest in methods and assets to ensure knowledge exchange and to maintain and record proper evaluation and follow-up. Among the knowledge products needed and requested across the region are ILO studies and policy advice on informality and rural employment, as well as more information about the norms and their operationalization, ensuring as far as possible that all materials are available in Arabic.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programme Strategies and Activities in North-Africa: 2010-2013 The present division of roles and functions between CO-Algiers and CO-Cairo is, at first sight, difficult to imagine in practice. The segregation of political representations (assumed in Algiers), and technical and administrative responsibility (assumed in Cairo) has created a false dichotomy that has posed further constraints to complementary subregional operations. While timely organizational decisions were needed to address programmatic and operational opportunities and challenges engendered by the uprisings, a more inclusive process could have helped avoid miscommunications and uncertainties, and the subsequent deterioration of organizational effectiveness and image coherence as regards the development partners. The lesson learned is that, when this type of decision is made at HQ and RO levels, all affected organizational units should be sufficiently informed, involved in the rationale and assigned clear roles and responsibilities.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO’s Decent Work Country Programme Strategies and Activities in North-Africa: 2010-2013 ILO’s rapid response to new opportunities created a need for stronger administrative and programming capacities. This sudden increase in the volume of CO-Cairo-managed operations also signalled additional CO-level staff needs and programme support resources commensurate with the volume of the Office’s TC portfolio for the North Africa subregion. However, in materially and operationally, both HQ and RO support and backstopping proceeded out of pace with, and below the subregion’s current demands and needs. This can be rectified by ensuring allocations of PSI and RBSA are equitable and responsive to operational needs and strategic opportunities.
• Global action network to make agriculture insurance work better - Final evaluation A holistic approach and an end-to-end project implementation is necessary in focus countries to conduct a sustainable intervention aiming at positioning agriculture index insurance instruments within developing countries’ risk management efforts and ensuring quick adoption of insurance. Focusing on delivering capacity building to practitioners and monitoring outputs proved to be insufficient to achieve expected outcomes. Strengthening local coordination with existing initiatives and key stakeholders, including tripartite stakeholders, is essential to create relevant synergies and better utilize locally available funds.
• OSH for young workers and employers in global supply chains: Building a culture of prevention - Final Independent Evaluation The Youth4OSH project’s achievements were significantly hindered by the lack of locally based project staff in Viet Nam, the Philippines and Myanmar. It is therefore advisable to ensure that locally based, dedicated project staff are included in project designs, and if necessary reduce the number of countries to fit available resources. For projects with modest funding resources, it is better to aim for a depth of implementation and stronger sustainability in a smaller number of countries than attempt implementation in three or more countries.
• OSH for young workers and employers in global supply chains: Building a culture of prevention - Final Independent Evaluation The design of Youth4OSH envisioned that young workers and young employers would be engaged in advocacy within OSH forums and within the wider society, but the planned interventions only as far as building the capacity of the various advocates. The project did not encompass campaigns or application of the new communications tools among the targeted young workers themselves during the project life. As a result, little impact can be observed so far on OSH preventative behaviour of young workers and young employers or employers in general. Although the project duration was relatively short, there could have been a modest level of roll-out of direct awareness raising among vulnerable workers themselves planned and executed within the timeframe of the project.
• OSH for young workers and employers in global supply chains: Building a culture of prevention - Final Independent Evaluation Youth4OSH was designed to support Safe Youth@Work in its awareness raising efforts, but due to a complex set of factors the two projects did not achieve a high level of synergy. The contributing factors included internal factors such as different project management reporting lines, lack of a joint strategic plan, and duplicated effort on some activities; as well as external factors such as USDOL guidelines on the dedication of project staff solely to the project under which they are employed and Vietnamese government project approval norms. Projects that are intended to work closely together towards a common objective need to be well coordinated by the relevant ILO technical backstopping office and follow a common strategic plan to work efficiently and effectively.
• Decent work for sustainable and inclusive economic transformation in Mozambique - Final Evaluation Interventions with ambitious goals, require a thorough analysis of the project assumptions and the alternatives available for its smooth implementation. The project was initiated assuming some of the most optimistic scenarios while the roll out of an intervention like this, covering so many areas of expertise and involving so many actors, is not such a straight-forward process. Processes and institutional arrangements are difficult to identify and articulate, particularly when the project represents the first phase of a process that usually requires a longer sequence of intervention. Moztrabalha has struggled to embrace and reasonably control the implementation of all the different lines anticipated in the design. It has been difficult to streamline into one single intervention actions that, in themselves, could have enough substance to become a separate project. A thorough analysis of the conditions that should be in place and time required seem to be necessary this kind of situation. Alternatively, the split of the big intervention into smaller interventions could be an option worth considering.
• Decent work for sustainable and inclusive economic transformation in Mozambique - Final Evaluation It is not enough to apply a systemic approach to activate the value chains if scale-up is not considered from the design of the pilot It is not clear how the pilot models tested could spark a sizeable dynamic of employment generation. Small producers and rural cooperatives have been supported to improve their income generation activities, but their potential to grow and replicate in other value chains seems limited. The experience suggests that bigger players in the value chains have to be involved to generate a meaningful impact.
• Decent work for sustainable and inclusive economic transformation in Mozambique - Final Evaluation The work developed by Moztrabalha in periurban markets shows its potential to favor the formalization of market operators, improve their working conditions and increase their incomes. The combination of rehabilitation and sanitation work, business training, access to information and credit has shown potential to be an effective intervention package.
• Global action to improve the recruitment framework of labour migration - Midterm Evaluation A process cannot be more effective than its weakest link Timely identification of the capacities of constituents and other partners at the beginning of the project or during its design is an essential planning tool that can allow predicting the effectiveness of a process/project. Adequate country and stakeholder analysis is an essential step that allows identifying if key success factors are in place and are conducive for successful implementation or replication of a good practice.
• Global action to improve the recruitment framework of labour migration - Midterm Evaluation Defining and communicating constituents’ role and responsibilities on FR at country level The evaluation team observed that the FR of international migrant workers was a relatively new topic for a number of constituents at national level. In particular, EOs and WOs were not always aware of their role and responsibilities on the issue. As such, further advocacy and knowledge generation activities would be needed to ensure buy-in and increase the likelihood of ownership of the FR topic by constituents.
• Global action to improve the recruitment framework of labour migration - Final Evaluation Based on the ILO’s experience of implementing the REFRAME project in multiple countries, the evaluation team observed that project effectiveness can be affected both positively and negatively by the presence of other projects working in similar thematic areas in a given country.
• Evaluación agrupada final independiente de dos proyectos en materia de fortalecimiento del Sistema de Información de Archivo Sindical (SIAS II) del Ministerio de Trabajo de Colombia Incluir en el diseño inicial la interoperabilidad del SIAS con otros sistemas de información mejora el alcance de las intervenciones en términos de capacidades de IVC. Si bien existe un avance significativo en el desarrollo de una solución tecnológica para resolver ineficiencias asociadas a la articulación de recursos humanos para mejorar la IVC de pactos colectivos y contratos sindicales la falta de interoperabilidad del SIAS con otros sistemas del Mintrabajo reduce el alcance de las intervenciones en el logro de fortalecer los procesos de IVC.
• Evaluación agrupada final independiente de dos proyectos en materia de fortalecimiento del Sistema de Información de Archivo Sindical (SIAS II) del Ministerio de Trabajo de Colombia La falta de articulación de las distintas unidades de Mintrabajo en términos de la importancia del proyecto SIAS ocasiona demoras en la implementación de las intervenciones. El SIAS como solución tecnológica implica la convergencia de intereses políticos y técnicos con relación a una visión tecnológica del Mintrabajo articulada y coherente para priorizar los procesos de revisión, aprobación y pues en funcionamiento de las mejoras realizadas al SIAS.
• Evaluación agrupada final independiente de dos proyectos en materia de fortalecimiento del Sistema de Información de Archivo Sindical (SIAS II) del Ministerio de Trabajo de Colombia La falta de un diagnóstico de necesidades y capacidades iniciales de los mandantes y en particular de las OS con particiación de mujeres y población vulnerable limita el alcance de la validación y usabilidad del SIAS. El desconocimiento de las necesidades de las OS y los inspectores de trabajo como principales usuarios del SIAS causa una apropiación del sistema limitada y por ende dificulta la gobernanza de la información. De igual manera, el desconocimento de las necesidades de los gremios de las empresas dificulta la participación en el desarrollo de innovaciones tecnológicas.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Simulator could have higher impact if it is available on the local serve (and not on personal laptops of the two coordinators of the SKOLKOVO trainings in Tajikistan) and if trainees could have access to simulator to further exercise skills after the trainings (Tajikistan)
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Finding a capable local partner is critical for the success of any project. (Vietnam) The project’s activities involved various stakeholders including various agencies in DVET, MoLISA and other MARD, MCST, VNAT, employers, vocational institutions…for its outputs related to state agencies (output 2.1, 2.2, 2.4), sector bodies (2.1,2.2,2.4.2.6) and TVET institutions (outputs 2.3, 2.5, 3.4). To implement an activity, a working group with various related partners was developed. There were several working group operating simultaneously. The capacity of local partner focal point ensures the effective mobilization, participation of related agencies and organizations in the project activities.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation If the quality of the project results framework and its indicators is weak, it results in confused adherence to the expected outcomes.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation If there is no corporate-level guidance on exit strategy, it resulted in the absence of handover of the project results with flagged risks related to their sustainability and impact.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation If gender mainstreaming is not strictly monitored as suggested in the ILO’s Guidance 4: Gender equality in monitoring and evaluation of projects, then the project might lose its focus on this important area.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation The absence of project risk management throughout its implementation, results in the project with lessened capacities to navigate through uncertainties and to create a shared understanding of the risks towards project outcomes with the national stakeholders.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation In the absence of ILO corporate commitment to finalize the project results that remain new final by the time of project closure, the burden of their finalization became a voluntary contribution of the ILO country team.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation If all project components, irrespective if they are under the responsibility of an implemented partner or not, are managed in close coordination with each other, then stronger synergy of all components toward the project outcomes can be expected.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Very high dependency of the project in Armenia, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan on one expert, resulted both in sharing state-of-art knowledge with the beneficiary countries as well as on slow implementation and rather limited focus on capacity development.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation If a regional institute for education development under a regional Ministry of Education is trained through the programme for TVET managers, it can replicate this programme towards a greater number of colleges in the region. (Russia) Under Activity 3.2.3. of this project SKOLKOVO piloted this training programme in 5 regions of the Russian Federation. In Khabarovsk region the team of the Khabarovsk Regional Institute for Education Development (HRIED) participated the REGION-PROFI programme along with 7 colleges. Later HRIED developed the programme similar to the REGION-PROFI programme and delivered it to remaining 19 colleges in the region. All of these college developed new training programmes.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Active engagement of the social partners is critical for the successful implementation of the project (Armenia) During the implementation of the project, disagreements arose over the management of the project in the Steering committee. The dissatisfaction of the employers' union (RUEA) was the disproportionate distribution of measures without assessing the needs of the tripartite partnership. RUEA insisted that the activity is directed only on education. The issue was raised and discussed in all levels of project management (Project Advisory Committee (PAC) at ILO level, Project Steering Committee (NPSC) at National level). As a solution, An Enterprise survey was conducted at the request of RUEA instead of the planned pilot Labor demand survey.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation It is critical to ensure the knowledge about the project is further disseminated and shared among government authorities engaged in the project implementation beyond their representatives in the project only. (Armenia) The results of the program, first of all, depending on the resources. Man, time, finances. Even the absence of one causes problems in the implementation of the program. Due to the busy schedule, the government officials in charge of the project cannot share knowledge and experience from project activities with colleagues. For the same reason, they also can’t participate in all project activities regularly. They have to secure another employee participation who is not fully informed about project processes and problems. This factor is reflected in the effectiveness of the project.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Informing the highest political level of the country about the project (e.g. Prime Minister of the Kyrgyz Republic) increases the likelihood of their support towards the project deliverables (Kyrgystan).
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Final Evaluation Financial synchronization between implementing partners such as ILO, WB, EDRB and GIZ is critical for building sustainability and strengthening the NSSC (Jordan). ILO, GIZ and EBRD have had a consistent unified approach and language when presenting the establishment mechanisms to the Commission. A similar approach need to be adopted when it comes to financing methods to ensure alignment and avoid expectations of alternative ways by the receiving end.
• Efectividad de la asistencia técnica de OIT en la promoción de entornos propicios para las empresas sostenibles - Thematic evaluation (RBSA) En Bolivia las dificultades para el diálogo tripartito pueden explicarse porque las prioridades en la agenda de los mandantes son diferentes; por prejuicios, costumbres y hasta cálculos políticos sobre equilibrios y relaciones de poder; y por la rotación de personal en los cargos de mayor jerarquía en organizaciones de trabajadores y del gobierno que no están preparadas para enfrentar el cambio de sus líderes.
• Efectividad de la asistencia técnica de OIT en la promoción de entornos propicios para las empresas sostenibles - Thematic evaluation (RBSA) El hecho que las Oficinas Sub Regionales para Países de Centro América y del Caribe deben atender muchos países, conlleva el riesgo que se atomicen los esfuerzos y actividades al tener que repartir la asistencia técnica entre varios países; y que los especialistas de estas Oficinas no se den abasto para supervisar los avances de las intervenciones y proyectos en cada uno de los países.
• Efectividad de la asistencia técnica de OIT en la promoción de entornos propicios para las empresas sostenibles - Thematic evaluation (RBSA) El proceso de elaboración y aprobación de leyes suele ser complejo y tomar tiempo, no solo por las discusiones técnicas específicas a la materia sino porque a veces el contexto institucional, social, económico y político dilata el proceso
• Efectividad de la asistencia técnica de OIT en la promoción de entornos propicios para las empresas sostenibles - Thematic evaluation (RBSA) La sostenibilidad de una intervención que apunta a mejorar las condiciones del entorno no solo supone tener un marco normativo más favorable sino también políticas públicas que apunten a lo mismo; y también requiere que se tome en cuenta a las organizaciones de trabajadores en las discusiones de propuestas
• Efectividad de la asistencia técnica de OIT en la promoción de entornos propicios para las empresas sostenibles - Thematic evaluation (RBSA) Los casos de Barbados y Nicaragua revelan que el diálogo social pueden ser impulsado desde el contexto normativo de un país: Barbados es el único país del Caribe que tiene un contrato social y en Nicaragua los espacios de diálogo tripartito forman parte de un modelo de alianzas y consensos amparados en Constitución Política.
• Support GSP+ beneficiary countries to effectively implement International Labour Standards and comply with reporting obligations - Final evaluation Projects focusing on social dialogue and normative work (e.g. integrating norms into the institutional environment) need longer timeframes to see sustainable results.
• Support GSP+ beneficiary countries to effectively implement International Labour Standards and comply with reporting obligations - Final evaluation Project staffing should be commensurate to the wide spectrum of tasks and responsibilities implied in this kind of project.
• Employment generation and livelihoods through reconciliation in Sri Lanka - Final independent evaluation Effective monitoring and evaluation requires adequate resources, time and expertise. EGLR did not have the time and dedicated staff resources to establish a comprehensive M&E system capable of capturing changes clearly and reliably to serve accountability and management decisions. ILO has recognized this weakness and is dedicating resources to establish a useful set of indicators, establishing baseline conditions and targets by which performance can be reliably monitored and evaluated.
• Employment generation and livelihoods through reconciliation in Sri Lanka - Final independent evaluation Governance and institutional coordination. The project faced challenges in maintaining ownership and information flow with the wide range of relevant administrative and technical government agencies. It is important to establish a practical system for communications and feedback regarding the project progress and interventions, establishing the ongoing role of these agencies beyond the intervention.
• Employment generation and livelihoods through reconciliation in Sri Lanka - Final independent evaluation Achieving cooperative society commercial viability requires long-term investment of support. The combined experience of EGLR and LEED demonstrate that building the capacity of producer cooperative societies in post-conflict situations to be able to operate viable commercial enterprises is a long-term endeavour, requiring several years of intervention support.
• Outcome evaluation of MMR801, Strengthened capacity of employers organizations - Independent evaluation Too often, EOs make assumptions about the skills and experience of staff and, in particular, the mix of skill and knowledge across the team. UMFCCI has thought carefully about the mix of experience and expertise (though being able to recruit a larger team would allow them to broaden the experience and expertise further).
• Outcome evaluation of MMR801, Strengthened capacity of employers organizations - Independent evaluation Employers’ organisations need advice and support all the way through advocacy projects. It is not enough simply to give some advice, and perhaps some training, at the outset and then expect them to undertake later stages, especially the advocacy itself, on their own. Encouraging EOs to take minutes in meetings and to brief effectively those participating in subsequent meetings will ensure that old ground is not covered again. It takes time for EOs to begin to make a difference, so starting with less contentious, perhaps more technical, issues can help to build confidence. ILO can support the EO through all the stages (and in this case it appears that they have done so).
• Jeunes et employabilité - Évaluation finale L'approche du projet JEMP fonctionne là où il y a aussi d'autres opportunités d’emplois (salariés) en dehors de l'agriculture, par exemple dans l'industrie, le secteur des services et/ou le tourisme. Il convient d'en tenir compte lors de la sélection des futures zones de projet.
• Jeunes et employabilité - Évaluation finale A première vue, le domaine des soft skills et le soutien de coachs externes utilisés à cette fin semblent être très efficaces. Toutefois, cet instrument ne peut plus être utilisé sans financement externe du projet. « Ici, un moteur a été utilisé, sans faire attention à la quantité de carburant suffisante (manque de pérennité) ».
• Jeunes et employabilité - Évaluation finale Les conseillers de l'ANETI ont été sous-utilisés de deux façons : (i) trop peu de connaissances leur ont été transférées pour compenser au moins partiellement l'absence de l'instrument « coach » à la fin du projet ; (ii) le fait de limiter les conseillers à des tâches purement organisationnelles a trop peu utilisé leurs ressources pédagogiques existantes et a également provoqué un mécontentement parmi les conseillers de l'ANETI.
• Promoting Decent Work in Rwanda's Informal Economy - Midterm evaluation Although otherwise agreed, the team leader recruited by the ILO was refused a work visa in Rwanda. The reasons for this could not be found out despite intensive and repeated efforts during the evalu-ation in Rwanda. The ILO therefore located the CTA (project team leader) in Dar es Salaam, with a hope that an amicable solution would be found. This however did not resolve the issue since the CTA could never visit Rwanda. As a consequence, this meant that the project team has been working without a team leader for about a year. Since that time the team leader is based in Dar es Salaam in the ILO regional office and could never come to Rwanda.
• Promoting Decent Work in Rwanda's Informal Economy - Midterm evaluation The Market Systems Development Approach, MSD is still a relative-ly new project approach. On the one hand, it is considered to be very innovative, but on the other hand it poses great challenges. The implementation requires very experienced project personnel as well as an economic climate that motivates employers in particular to make a social commitment. Without being able to rely on a detailed analysis, both preconditions were probably not met to the necessary extent.
• Improve labour migration governance in Ethiopia to combat irregular migration - Final evaluation The current project took over a number of high investment initiatives from an earlier EU funded project. The GoE did not have the funds allocated for taking over maintenance of some of these example the Migrant Data Management System therefore they were continued and further developed under the current project, but by the end of this project the government still is not ready to take over the financing of the maintenance of the MDMS, this creates a situation where the ILO has to find funding to continue the system as all the prior investment would be last if the implementation of the MDMS is discontinued. The ILO should request a timebound commitment from governments when initiating activities which requires significant long-term investment.
• Autonomisation des femmes pour des économies résilientes et des communautés pacifiques dans les régions de l’Est et l’Adamaoua au Cameroun, où vivent les réfugiés - évaluation mi-parcours LA2. Les situations de crise peuvent être des opportunités économiques. Loin de se laisser fragiliser par l’impact négatif des crises armées, le BIT a su profiter de cette situation pour renforcer les capacités des communautés d’accueil, des femmes déplacées internes et des réfugiés, et leur permettre d’acquérir de nouvelles connaissances (GERME, GET Ahead, etc.) et d’avoir des ressources additionnelles (amélioration des connaissances sur les itinéraires techniques).
• Autonomisation des femmes pour des économies résilientes et des communautés pacifiques dans les régions de l’Est et l’Adamaoua au Cameroun, où vivent les réfugiés - évaluation mi-parcours LA 3. La promotion du triple nexus Humanitaire-Développement et Consolidation de la paix favorise un changement de comportement. Une étape importante a été franchie pour l’autosuffisance et l’autonomisation des populations par rapport à l’aide humanitaire, à travers les actions de renforcement de capacités et de cohésion sociale (formation agricole, gestion financière, fourniture d’équipement aux coopératives, etc.).
• Autonomisation des femmes pour des économies résilientes et des communautés pacifiques dans les régions de l’Est et l’Adamaoua au Cameroun, où vivent les réfugiés - évaluation mi-parcours LA4. L’organisation des foires permet de renforcer l’appropriation du projet par les bénéficiaires et partenaires. L’organisation de la foire des prestataires de services et de la journée des coopératives a permis aux individuels, coopératives et autres groupes et associations ainsi qu’aux prestataires de services financiers et non financiers de faire mieux connaitre leurs activités et de partager leurs expériences avec l’extérieur. Elles ont ainsi pu tisser des partenariats avec leurs pairs ; toute chose qui a renforcé l’estime en soi des participants et donner une visibilité à leurs actions.
• Autonomisation des femmes pour des économies résilientes et des communautés pacifiques dans les régions de l’Est et l’Adamaoua au Cameroun, où vivent les réfugiés - évaluation mi-parcours LA1. L’intégration du genre dans le projet renforce la résilience des femmes. La question du genre a été intégrée au projet lors de sa formulation et sa mise en œuvre. Cette approche a permis de briser bien de tabous et de stéréotypes. Dans un environnement humanitaire et sociologiquement fait de préjugés sur l’emploi et le rôle et le pouvoir économique des femmes dans les communautés, le projet a su dynamiser la volonté des femmes et diversifier leurs sources de revenus en vue de contribuer à la prise en charge de leurs familles.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Midterm Evaluation The absence of a Gender-Mainstreaming strategy at the Project Design stage resulted in rather poor gender-performance at the implementation stage.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Midterm Evaluation The absence of specific indicators targeting the needs of vulnerable groups at the Project design stage resulted in the risk of neglecting their rights at the policy level, which in turn may halt the achievement of the Project’s development objective; to promote equal access to employment opportunities as well as equal treatment including increased incomes, for inclusive and sustainable growth.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Midterm Evaluation The poor coordination with ACTEMP at the Project Design and implementation stage resulted in poorly addressing the needs of Employers in enhancing their capacities to facilitate social dialogue in the Common Wealth of Independent States (CIS) sub-region.
• Applying the G20 Training Strategy (Phase II) - Midterm Evaluation Prolonged coordination of the final project document and the work plan with the High Level Project Advisory Committee resulted in delays with the start of the project implementation at the country level.
• Appui à l’Initiative Mondiale pour l’Emploi Décent des Jeunes dans la région du Sahel - Final evaluation A l’heure actuelle, sur la base de plusieurs décennies d’expérience accumulée par l’OIT dans l’Assistance Technique, tout projet de développement doit impérativement intégrer des outils et méthodologies robustes en matière de gestion, suivi et évaluation des projets afin d’optimiser les résultats, et les rendre plus durables.  Plutôt que de devoir adapter le projet et sa qualité à un budget et une durée non estimés sur des données probantes : L’estimation de la durée globale d’un projet et de ses coûts doit se faire sur la base d’une étude de faisabilité exhaustive - impliquant des experts techniques et autres acteurs concernés - afin d’assurer notamment la durabilité du projet et d’optimiser la rentabilité économique des interventions.  Dans la mesure où le projet souhaite assurer la durabilité du projet et l’inscrire dans une démarche de changement systémique, il est essentiel d’assurer la faisabilité de l’intervention et que chaque activité s’insère dans une stratégie de changement globale et cohérente à tous les niveaux du projet. Cela implique aussi de mener des interventions suffisamment exhaustives pour opérer un changement à plus long terme – tenant compte des besoins des bénéficiaires et des partenaires pendant et après l’intervention. Dans ce cadre, une approche « less is more » dans le sens qu’il vaut mieux moins d’interventions mais qui sont plus approfondies pour tester / implémenter les changements escomptés – plutôt qu’une accumulation d’interventions isolées - amenant des changements plus superficiels. Il est également important de s’assurer que les composantes d’un projet soient solidement interconnectées au travers de synergies bien étudiées à l’avance et formalisées.
• Appui à l’Initiative Mondiale pour l’Emploi Décent des Jeunes dans la région du Sahel - Final evaluation Tout projet de développement s’insère dans un contexte pays souvent complexe et lent à changer, et nécessite une coordination et des synergies robustes tant au niveau des parties prenantes multipartites que des agences du système des Nations Unies et ONG. L’expérience montre qu’il est peu réaliste de considérer qu’une intervention ad hoc puisse créer un réel changement en profondeur au niveau des systèmes existants. L’évaluation inclut le critère « orientation vers l’impact » couvrant notamment la question du niveau d’appropriation et de capacité du donateur et des parties prenantes à entreprendre une collaboration plus poussée. Dans le cadre de l’évaluation, il est ressorti une appropriation limitée du projet notamment dû à un manque de coordination et de synergies au niveau national et entre les différentes composantes du projet. Les bonnes pratiques montrent l’impact positif d’une planification et d’une gestion robuste des activités de coordination et des synergies y relatives.  Une appropriation efficace du projet au niveau des pays, des mandants et autres parties prenantes est essentielle pour garantir la continuité des activités du projet. Une coordination nationale, une stratégie de communication et des synergies efficaces nécessitent une planification stratégique, systématique et robuste (avec le soutien d’une personne experte en S&E si besoin). Cette planification stratégique est à intégrer dans le cadre logique du projet, avec des indicateurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs et un suivi régulier.  Par ailleurs, une stratégie de sortie doit être établie dès la phase de conception du projet. Elle doit être construite en concertation avec les parties prenantes – puis partagées avec les autres acteurs du projet suffisamment tôt lors de l’implémentation du projet. Elle doit être ensuite révisée de manière régulière. Ceci est essentiel pour garantir l’autonomisation des instances locales, et la capacité à entreprendre une collaboration plus poussée.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Midterm evaluation 5. In order to effectively support a woman migrant worker throughout her migration journey, there must be sustained contact and follow up with the worker across both countries of origin and destination. A regional approach to programming is essential to facilitate coherent service provision and networks of service providers across countries. Women migrant workers require support and access to services across their migration experience in both countries of origin and destination. However, service provision is largely uncoordinated across ASEAN states and women migrant workers often don’t know where to go to access services when abroad and/or in their home countries. The regional nature of the Safe and Fair Programme has helped to connect service providers across countries of origin and destination, although there remains significant work left to be done to ensure this continuity.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Midterm evaluation 6. Strengthening government systems to collect intersecting data on EVAW and labour migration is a multi-layered complex task that presents various challenges, and cannot be done in a short timeframe. The Safe and Fair Programme has discovered through its work under Objective #3 that there are multiple complexities involved in collecting intersecting data on both EVAW and labour migration that include the complex task of strengthening government systems that are far from being ready to produce complete data sets on sex disaggregated labour migration and violence against women migrant workers, as well as the need to do no harm and to protect women migrant workers when they are in vulnerable situations. Collecting this specific and sensitive data requires significant investments in time and resources that must be sustained over a long enough period to make changes at the institutional and cultural levels. (Derived from Finding #14)
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Midterm evaluation 7. Engaging EU delegates as part of national programme advisory boards can, in some cases, encourage high-level government officials to also participate. In the case of the Safe and Fair Programme, EU delegates who were members of NPACS in some countries were able to use their high profile and strong networks with national government officials to encourage the officials to join the NPAC meetings, thus strengthening national buy-in to the programme and ownership in results. (Derived from Finding #9)
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Midterm evaluation 8. Direct programming to build the institutional capacity of CSOs and strengthen the women’s movement requires a dedicated budget line. Without a dedicated budget line, the Safe and Fair Programme indirectly contributed to strengthening the women’s movement across the region by supporting the capacity development of CSOs and by strengthening referral mechanisms across service providers. However, a dedicated budget line would have been necessary to provide direct support to further strengthen the women’s movement across the region
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Midterm evaluation 1. Joint Programming can be a particularly effective tool to transfer knowledge and expertise across UN agencies and build capacity in certain thematic areas. By having ILO and UN Women staff work closely through the Safe and Fair Programme and share ownership of results, UN Women transferred knowledge and expertise on EVAW to strengthen ILO’s capacity to engage in gender equality work. Likewise, ILO transferred expertise on labour and migration to strengthen UN Women’s work in this area.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Midterm evaluation 3. The first responders that are most commonly called upon to support women migrant workers during their migration journey are typically their family members. Strengthening the capacities of the husbands and families of women migrant workers to support them is essential to better protect their rights and prevent the occurrence of violence. CSOs and women migrant workers working with the Safe and Fair Programme have emphasized the importance of engaging husbands and family members in pre-departure orientations and training sessions to sensitize them on the experiences that women migrant workers face during their migration journey and to help build their capacity to support the migrants if they encounter any difficulties along the way, including incidences of violence and knowing where to go to access needed services.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Midterm evaluation 4. It is important to establish a connection with women migrant workers before violence occurs since it is even more difficult to reach out to women after violence has already taken place. Service providers who are working with the Safe and Fair Programme have emphasized the importance of connecting with women migrant workers early in their migration journey to ensure that a connection is established prior to the occurrence of any potential violence so that the women feel comfortable reaching out for support and accessing needed services. The Safe and Fair Programme has applied this lesson by reaching out to women migrant workers prior to departure through pre-departure orientation sessions and by supporting women migrant worker networks as part of efforts to engage with women before the occurrence of any potential violence.
• EU-MPTF Spotlight Initiative ILO-UNW JP "Safe and Fair: Realizing women migrant workers' right and opportunities in the ASEAN region" - Midterm evaluation 2. Having two joint programming representatives working at the country level (one from each organisation) facilitates effective representation of each entity and reduces the risk of staff being overworked. In the case of the Safe and Fair Programme, NPCs felt that they could more effectively represent their agency and had a more manageable workload when there was one from each organisation as opposed to having one NPC to represent both entities.
• The law-growth nexus - Phase III: Labour law and the enabling business environment for MSMEs in Kenya - Final Evaluation Focusing on a limited number of sectors is strategic and more effective. A project aimed at formalising the MSMEs with a limited budget has higher chances of success with a sector focus. The MSMEs are diverse and each sector has its own specific requirements which can better be addressed with a sector focus.
• The law-growth nexus - Phase III: Labour law and the enabling business environment for MSMEs in Kenya - Final Evaluation Compliance with labour laws by MSMEs contributes to increases in productivity and enterprise growth.
• The law-growth nexus - Phase III: Labour law and the enabling business environment for MSMEs in Kenya - Final Evaluation Flexibility in project implementation is necessary when aiming to have full stakeholder buy-in and ownership
• The law-growth nexus - Phase III: Labour law and the enabling business environment for MSMEs in Kenya - Final Evaluation The importance of a robust data collection and monitoring tool is critical in tracking progress and in reporting results .
• The law-growth nexus - Phase III: Labour law and the enabling business environment for MSMEs in Kenya - Final Evaluation A project looking to target MSMEs in the informal economy to remove decent work deficits including social protection, needs to also consider existing informal social protection systems that workers in the sector are contributing to as an entry point to expanding social protection to the informal economy.
• Partnership for Youth Employment in the CIS II - Midterm evaluation Public Works Fund in Uzbekistan proved to be effective measure to offer employment during the COVID-19 crisis which could be considered by other development actors
• Partnership for Youth Employment in the CIS II - Midterm evaluation As the COVID-19 pandemic showed, digital public employment services allow rolling out needs-based social support at the emerging crisis situations
• Partnership for Youth Employment in the CIS II - Midterm evaluation Change of attitude happens and development results occur if employment challenges are dully addressed. The Project has strengthened efforts on tackling informality issues in the region which resulted in high political will in Azerbaijan to tackle informality and set the benchmark for other countries in transition to formal and dignified employment for young men and women
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programmes (EIIPs) in Jordan and Lebanon - Final cluster evaluation A key lesson arising from the comparison of projects and activities between phases and the two countries is the importance of differentiating between the EIIP approach (which combines the multiple objectives, short term employment, public asset improvement and potential for making a sustainable contribution to pro-employment development) and other cash for work (CfW) approaches.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programmes (EIIPs) in Jordan and Lebanon - Final cluster evaluation A major challenge for the Lebanon EIIP has been the problematic collaboration with UNDP. The lesson arising out of it is that for future phases either the collaboration needs to be restructured, a much stronger governance structure and a unified team under a leader with authority to control, or ended.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programmes (EIIPs) in Jordan and Lebanon - Final cluster evaluation The cluster evaluation approach has enabled mutual learning through greater awareness and communication between the two programmes and ROAS. This is a lesson at a broad level but encompasses a number of mutual lessons to be learnt between the programmes: (a) in recruiting workers, adoption of the transparent worker recruitment process; (b) in dealing with participants’ and non-participants grievances and concerns, combining features of the approaches of the EIIPs in the two countries to produce a robust “voice” mechanism; (c) adoption in Jordan of the practice of technically qualified safeguard officers in Lebanon who combine the safeguard and work supervision functions on site; (d) standardising project proposal and results matrix format and content; (e) standardising bi-annual programme and end of project reports modelled on the Lebanon format; (f) standardising workers’ and “do no harm surveys modelled on the Jordan format, and (g) explore feasibility of introducing electronic payment, following the Jordan.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programmes (EIIPs) in Jordan and Lebanon - Final cluster evaluation Programme phases should be planned to span two annual preparation and construction cycles with planned overlaps between phases. A recommendation has been made for three of the key stakeholders (the donor, ILO ROAS and the EIIP Teams to follow up on this lesson). The issue was discussed with all key stakeholders who agreed that such a change would be beneficial.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programmes (EIIPs) in Jordan and Lebanon - Final cluster evaluation Good quality monitoring and supervision and flexibility in the field to adapt the approach and seek innovative solutions are of key importance for efficient and effective application of the LRBT approach in general. They are even more important in the specific contexts in Jordan and Lebanon where labour costs are higher than in countries in which the LRBT approach can compete more easily with conventional approaches on cost.
• Employment for youth in Egypt (EYE): Working together in Qalyoubia and Menoufia - Final Evaluation Soft skills for increasing employability A lesson earned from the current project is that the soft skills training is positive and helps to motivate the young people to stay in the jobs to which they are guided, but also that the training schedule shall be carefully planned with employers and service providers to secure that the newly employed are given the agreed availability to join the training.
• Employment for youth in Egypt (EYE): Working together in Qalyoubia and Menoufia - Final Evaluation Selection of service providers A lesson learned from this project is that the selection of service providers can be challenging. It should be secured that the service providers have the needed experience and human resources available to secure a successful implementation of the tasks they are contracted to fulfil. It should also be secured that the service providers can work without hands-on guidance and monitoring from project management
• Employment for youth in Egypt (EYE): Working together in Qalyoubia and Menoufia - Final Evaluation Coordination of employment initiatives and demand driven approach Involvement of all stakeholders in fighting unemployment especially among youth has proven important in many countries a lesson learned from the current project proves that when there is no formal and structured set-up at the local level to take up the challenge then it becomes difficult to secure coordination between different initiatives and to meet the demands at the market. The local service providers including vocational training institutions should be an important player in such coordination as they are those to deliver beyond the lifetime of any project.
• Employment for youth in Egypt (EYE): Working together in Qalyoubia and Menoufia - Final Evaluation Formal decent manual jobs in the manufacturing sector need promotion A lesson learned from this project is that young people are reluctant to take manual jobs in the formal sector. They prefer jobs in the informal sector as the here and now salary is higher than in a formal job. They do not care about the long-term benefits of having a formal permanent job. Jobs in the manual sector have a bad image as being hazardous, low paid, without career perspective and with low social status. The Training for Employment intervention was confronted with challenges in attracting young people to the job offered. These challenges have their roots in the above. There is a need for the tri-partite partners to promote decent, well paid jobs with perspective of promotion in the formal sector. This to change the mindset of young people and their parents and improve the image of work in the manufacturing sector to make it more attractive to young people. Without a change in mindset, it will be difficult to fight youth unemployment successfully.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programmes, strategies and actions in the Western Balkans (2012-15) The financial and technical monitoring of development cooperation projects for all countries in the subregion is centralized in the DWT/CO-Budapest. This increased quality control, but also increased the time required for taking project implementation decisions, in particular decisions related to contractual arrangements. When the DWT/CO Budapest provided monthly expenditure reviews to project teams it increased their planning and reporting capacity.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programmes, strategies and actions in the Western Balkans (2012-15) The ILO’s internationally recognized technical expertise in the area of employment enabled it to raise awareness, attract strategic partners and mobilize resources for its respective strategic approaches, even when the reform process encountered bottlenecks and difficulties along the way.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programmes, strategies and actions in the Western Balkans (2012-15) Systemic interventions, such as the one designed to create employment in Albania, need extended timelines in order to consolidate and assess progress. Such interventions need to build an enabling environment for the reform to take place, to strengthen the balance between supply and demand of technical support, to encourage a shift in social norms, and to promote quality of service.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programmes, strategies and actions in the Western Balkans (2012-15) A project that devotes substantial resources to designing strategies, plans and institutional tools also needs to be adaptable to changing circumstances. Strong local ownership needs to be established in order to embed these instruments into the future practice of the constituents. This may require sharing information about new approaches beyond the ILO’s traditional stakeholders and specialists.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programmes, strategies and actions in the Western Balkans (2012-15) The pressure to reallocate funds at the end of the biennium by sectoral departments at headquarters could be reduced by increasing awareness of the importance of good planning and better monitoring of DWCPs. DWCP planning and implementation would also be improved by emphasizing the importance of setting priorities based on robust ex-ante prior evidence.
• Support to the extension of Social Health Protection in South-East Asia - Final evaluation To set up a Regional Technical Facility like CONNECT takes substantial time, but it can be crucial for knowledge development and sharing as well as for long-term technical capacity building.
• Support to the extension of Social Health Protection in South-East Asia - Final evaluation The Project Design with activities in three countries and a Regional Component is too ambitious and complex in view of the resources available.
• Proyecto de apoyo a la iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe Libre de Trabajo Infantil (Fase III) - Evaluación finale cluster independiente (cluster) 1. Integración regional de la lucha contra el trabajo infantil La lucha contra el trabajo infantil desde una plataforma intergubernamental en la Región de América Latina y el Caribe ha logrado resultados que trascienden los propios objetivos de la misma. La integración de 28 países, especialmente los llamados del Caribe, ha supuesto el fortalecimiento del concepto y sentimiento de región y ha permitido tejer vínculos personales e institucionales entre países y entre conjuntos de los mismos. Igualmente, ofrece una voz colectiva más potente en los foros internacionales y en el interior de los propios países.
• Proyecto de apoyo a la iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe Libre de Trabajo Infantil (Fase III) - Evaluación finale cluster independiente (cluster) 2. Tareas de medición del Trabajo Infantil La lucha contra el trabajo infantil requiere de mecanismos para su medición que permitan conocer los avances y dificultades en su combate. Uno de los limitantes que se encuentran a la hora de obtener esta información es el acceso a los datos y como están estos recogidos. Ello supone un importante trabajo por parte de los gobiernos en capacidades de medición a través de sus equipos estadísticos, que es requisito previo para profundizar en la aplicación del Modelo de Identificación de Riesgo al Trabajo Infantil (MIRTI) y de las tareas de medición del cambio generado. Para ello es necesario también que dentro de la IR se forme en conceptos básicos de comprensión estadística a las personas que van a tener luego que hacer labores de intermediación con los gobiernos y de comunicación. Con ello se trata de aumentar las capacidades para que se pueda ir armonizando el trabajo de los equipos estadísticos con los de la Secretaría Técnica y con los puntos focales, en una cadena de intercambio de saberes.
• Proyecto de apoyo a la iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe Libre de Trabajo Infantil (Fase III) - Evaluación finale cluster independiente (cluster) 3. Necesidad de armonización en los temas de financiación. Existe una dificultad producida por los mecanismos de financiación que cada donante requiere y las limitaciones legales existentes. El origen diverso de los fondos implica que cada institución exija un modelo de justificación particular. Ello conlleva a que desde la administración económica de la IR se deban elaborar informes con formatos diferentes para explicar y argumentar las mismas razones, multiplicando un trabajo burocrático que merma tiempo y recursos para trabajos más productivos. Admitiendo que cada socio financiador debe recibir explicación contable que muestre el buen uso de los fondos recibidos, los mecanismos de gestión entre ellos deberían buscar patrones de armonización que revertieran en la simplificación del proceso sin restarle transparencia y rigor.
• Proyecto de apoyo a la iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe Libre de Trabajo Infantil (Fase III) - Evaluación finale cluster independiente (cluster) 4. Colaboración con otras agencias de las NNUU La IR, a los largo de sus 4 años de funcionamiento, ha establecido acuerdos de colaboración o ha realizado colaboraciones puntuales vinculadas con el TI con otras agencias de NNUU como CEPAL, FAO, y el Pacto Global entre otras. En general, han sido consideradas muy fructíferas, especialmente el acuerdo realizado con CEPAL para la construcción y aplicación del MIRTI. El trabajo conjunto favorece la coordinación interagencial y el posicionamiento de la IR en este marco. En este sentido se podría profundizar en los nexos de unión existentes con agencias como UNICEF; ONU Mujeres o Unesco en relación con el TI.
• Enhancing Rural Access Agro-Forestry (‘ERA Agro-Forestry’): Improving access to agro-forestry areas - Midterm evaluation There are lessons to learn from further examining the reasons for the late starts of road rehabilitation works each year with a view to exploring the possibilities of changing the planning cycle and making early preparations (in the year prior to the year in which road rehabilitation is scheduled) so that road works could start earlier in the dry season to reduce the risk of hitting adverse weather conditions and related consequences for rehabilitation works.
• Enhancing Rural Access Agro-Forestry (‘ERA Agro-Forestry’): Improving access to agro-forestry areas - Midterm evaluation There are lessons to learn from investigating the reasons for the labour shortages in some locations to understand the situation and improve the planning of works to avoid such situations. The high level of rural poverty and underemployment offer a strong rationale for using the labour-based approach. Hence the labour shortages raise questions the choice of locations and planning and scheduling of works. and possibly other factors such as wage rates and conditions of work.
• Enhancing Rural Access Agro-Forestry (‘ERA Agro-Forestry’): Improving access to agro-forestry areas - Midterm evaluation There are lessons to learn from assessing the effects of improved access for the economic and socio-economic situation of rural people to demonstrate the value of investment in rural roads to policy makers.
• Decent jobs for youth and women (a local employment development approach) - Final cluster evaluation Le réseautage développe une approche à base communautaire et crée toujours une dynamique, une articulation entre acteurs, ce qui donne aux bénéficiaires et populations l’opportunité de mutualiser leurs efforts et de renforcer leur synergie à leur profit. Pour exemple, le cas du projet EDJEF où il y a eu la constitution d’un réseau dans les 4 régions, notamment dans les questions d’apprentissage des métiers.
• Decent jobs for youth and women (a local employment development approach) - Final cluster evaluation La structuration et la collaboration multi-acteurs au niveau du pilotage des projets (COPIL, CRS …) a permis de nouer des partenariats stratégiques forts tant au niveau central qu’au niveau communautaire, l’avantage étant la définition commune des approches fondées sur les potentialités et aspirations réels des bénéficiaires directs du projet et surtout l’appropriation des acquis du projet par les acteurs.
• Enhancing Rural Access Agro-Forestry (‘ERA Agro-Forestry’): Improving access to agro-forestry areas - Final evaluation One of the most important achievements of a donor funded EIIP project is for the models developed and the lessons learnt to be adapted for long lasting benefits arising from institutional strengthening and reforms of a national employment intensive infrastructure programme. The lesson learnt is the need for continuing attention to institutional strengthening from the outset, perseverance and flexibility to adapt when there are obstacles and coalition building. This is a lesson with applicability beyond Timor-Leste and could be disseminated as a case study.
• Enhancing Rural Access Agro-Forestry (‘ERA Agro-Forestry’): Improving access to agro-forestry areas - Final evaluation There are lessons to learn from investigating the local level human reasons for delays and how and to what extent they could be mitigated. The high level of rural poverty and underemployment offer a strong rationale for using the labour-based approach at a broad level. However the lesson from the Project is that a range of reasons including concerns of local people on the adverse effects of road alignment and construction on farmlands and other assets, obstruction by interest groups such as veterans, contractors not benefiting from the Project and others in local leadership positions pursuing self interest delay projects and adequate labour supply is also a constraint in some localities. Understanding these issues and more importantly developing strategies and practices to mitigate the effects would be valuable.
• Decent work for sustainable and inclusive economic transformation in Mozambique - Midterm Evaluation One of the main factors that influences a project implementation is its design. Project formulation is key to further development of the overall framework, as it underscores the action points of the implementing agent/s. A project must be realistic, coherent, adapted to the needs that it intends to address and to the socio-political and economic context. Outputs and outcomes must have SMART indicators and enough resources to achieve them. The project was designed with a realists and coherent perspective, except for the MDS component, but it was also quite flexible and open in its design to adapt during the inception phase the project reality and capacities to the final objective. Including an Inception phase is a very good opportunity to reshape projects. However, this flexibility and openness could be miss regarded or misunderstood, if the causal relations among outputs and outcomes is not clear, therefore its modification could not be clear either. In this case, the PMU was entirely comfortable or aware with the flexible spirit behind the project formulation and did not take the inception phase to do major changes, besides the abandon of the Cashew component.
• Decent work for sustainable and inclusive economic transformation in Mozambique - Midterm Evaluation The project is oriented towards the idea of promoting the inclusion of women in the construction sector employment. After the successful intervention in Mahotas of the construction of gabions, none of the women have been able to find another job in this growing sector, because, they say, the contractors are not willing to hire women for construction sites. Furthermore, this kind of gabions is not an extended methodology; therefore the demand for trained workers is very low. It is commendable to support the participation of women in all sectors; however, it should be contemplated in line with the prevalent labour market scenario and the actual available opportunities to further continue in the sector after the intervention and project completion. In general, job training must be aligned to potential offers in the market to avoid frustration and failed expectations
• Projet combattre l'esclavage et la discrimination fondée sur l'esclavage au Mali - Midterm evaluation La question de l’esclavage a été pendant longtemps occultée. Certains justifiaient la pratique par la religion et d’autres la plaçait dans le cadre de valeurs sociétales. Ainsi l’esclavage apparait comme un sujet tabou que plusieurs générations ont intégré dans leur quotidien à telle enseigne que certaines victimes pensent que le fait d’être esclavage est une volonté divine. Le projet à travers ses différentes campagnes de sensibilisation et de communication est venu déconstruire ces idées reçues. Le projet pourrait faire porter cette action de déconstruction des idées reçues par les acteurs clés formés sur les conséquences de la pratique et les enjeux de développement économiques de leur localité et de réduction de la vulnérabilité des populations.
• Decent Jobs for Egypt’s Young People: Tackling the Challenge in Qalyoubia and Menoufia - Final evaluation One of the most important lessons learned is to realize the balance between the field works on the micro and the coordination role at the macro levels. Also to liaise between field and executive works to reach the prompt TOT skills to provide them with the ILO tools and make a direct benefit for youth targeted group and meantime observe their expertise and achievements on the micro level, then spread the idea to be implemented on the macro level. The achievement that was done by the project to implement the JSC in the youth centers on the directorates and villages level, has profound the project understanding working tools and its management style, on another hand; it flourished the communication channels with the Ministry of Youth on the central level, which make the Ministry eager to scale up the tool in all the other youth centers not only in the project governorates but in a wider range. As a step further the ILO will be operating in the executive lab on the micro level, towards replicating and scaling up the results on the national level, more than providing direct services. True partnership increases the overall project’s efficiency and maximizes the project effectiveness in achieving the desired results. Accordingly, new project design needs to be built from the design phase, taking into account the participation of all stakeholders, and identifying those who can act as actual partners and others who can be seen as potential partners but will need more effort to fulfill the partnership requirements.
• Inclusive labour markets for job creation in Ukraine - Midterm joint evaluation Flexibility and quick response by the ILO TC in Turin and ILMJC project in Ukraine to convert and adjust the existing SIYB curriculum to online mode during COVID 19 restrictions enabled the further roll-out of SIYB during the imposed lock-downs in 2020 and 2021
• Inclusive labour markets for job creation in Ukraine - Midterm joint evaluation Better services by social partners: An improved understanding of clients’ or members’ needs ensures better service provision. Examples include (not exhaustive): Survey of members by Federation of Employers of Ukraine, FEU; a Customers Relation Management (CRM) software in FEU; clients’ feedback to State Employment Service; A mobile app developed by KVPU for union activists).
• Inclusive labour markets for job creation in Ukraine - Midterm joint evaluation The challenges surrounding National Tripartite Social Dialogue in Ukraine and the non-functioning of National Tripartite and Social Economic Council, NTSEC,.are many: Missing political will or a discourse by central decision makers that Tripartite Social Dialogue is unnecessary, the role of social partners not being recognised, and the disengagement by the Federation of Employers from NTSEC in 2018.
• Proyectos de apoyo a la implementación de la segunda fase de la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe Libre de Trabajo Infantil - Final agrupada independiente Las principales dificultades de los países para avanzar en el Resultado 2 del Plan Estratégico de la Fase II de la IR son: (a) las estrategias de retiro de NNA suelen ser caras y poco sostenibles; (b) los sistemas de inspección carecen de suficientes recursos humanos y financieros para llevar a cabo sus funciones; (c) el TI en la economía informal es difícil de visibilizarse; y (d) algunos países del Caribe no cuentan con un marco legal para identificar los casos de NNA en situación de TI. Respecto al Resultado 4 del mencionado Plan, las principales dificultades de los países para avanzar son: (a) las complejidades en las normativas de los países dificultan establecer e implementar estrategias de abordaje de las formas ilícitas del TI; (b) los países no suelen contar con estadísticas oficiales de trabajo peligroso y PFTI porque las formas ilícitas de TI no son visibles, y (c) el abordaje de las formas ilícitas de TI suele ser competencia de instituciones que no están representadas por los y las PF de la IR.
• Proyectos de apoyo a la implementación de la segunda fase de la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe Libre de Trabajo Infantil - Final agrupada independiente La movilización de recursos provenientes de la cooperación internacional para la sostenibilidad de la IR es un desafío muy complejo de enfrentar debido a las siguientes razones: (a) son cada vez más reducidos los recursos que la cooperación destina para intervenciones de organismos del SNU en TI en ALC; (b) el modelo de intervención de la IR busca fortalecer las capacidades de las organizaciones de los países para institucionalizar la política de prevención y erradicación del TI, lo cual es menos visible (que si el centro de atención estuviera por ejemplo en retirar NNA del TI) y, por lo tanto, podría ser menos atractivo de financiar; (c) es muy complicado evaluar el impacto de la intervención en términos de cambios observados que puedan ser atribuibles a la IR, y este tipo de evidencia es cada vez más solicitada por los organismos financiadores; (d) para llevar a cabo el modelo de intervención de la IR es clave el rol permanente de coordinación y provisión de asistencia técnica de la ST, lo cual demanda recursos para cubrir los costos del personal de la ST y este destino del financiamiento no resulta muy atractivo para los donantes; y (e) en el actual contexto de la COVID-19, los organismos de cooperación internacional posiblemente orienten su financiamiento en ALC hacia otras temáticas.
• Proyectos de apoyo a la implementación de la segunda fase de la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe Libre de Trabajo Infantil - Final agrupada independiente La IR puede ser replicada en otras regiones donde exista TI, debido a las siguientes razones: (a) la IR tiene muchos años de experiencia y puede exhibir logros y resultados; (b) articula a una cantidad significativa de países, con diferentes idiomas, en torno a objetivos y metas comunes; (c) trabaja con metodologías, herramientas y estrategias de abordaje que se pueden adaptar a las realidades de los países que integren una determinada región; y (d) existe disposición e interés de la ST y los y las PF de la IR en brindar acompañamiento y asistencia técnica para replicar la experiencia.
• Proyectos de apoyo a la implementación de la segunda fase de la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe Libre de Trabajo Infantil - Final agrupada independiente (1) Si bien uno de los principales atributos del MIRTI/IVTI es su flexibilidad para adaptarse a la realidad estadística de los países, el modelo tiene límites para su implementación pues requiere que los países cuenten con condiciones mínimas de disponibilidad y calidad de información estadística y registros administrativos. También se requiere, por parte de los MT, capacidad para acceder a fuentes de información generadas por otras instituciones y compromiso político al más alto nivel para impulsar el modelo. Además, la implementación de la Fase II demanda que exista una oferta de servicios y programas públicos articulados en los municipios seleccionados.
• Proyectos de apoyo a la implementación de la segunda fase de la Iniciativa Regional América Latina y el Caribe Libre de Trabajo Infantil - Final agrupada independiente 10Existen factores externos a la IR que contribuyen a explicar los avances a nivel de Resultados de los Proyectos de Apoyo y del Plan Estratégico de la Fase II de la IR, así como otros que limitan estos avances. Entre los primeros destacan: (a) intervenciones o proyectos (de la OIT u otras instituciones) vinculados a la prevención y erradicación de TI; (b) al ser la prevención y erradicación del TI un tema poco controversial, los países están orientados al cumplimiento de la meta 8.7 de los ODS y de los Convenios OIT núm. 138 y núm. 182; y (c) algunos países cuentan, desde antes de la IR, con políticas públicas orientadas a la universalización de la educación primaria y de la salud, programas de transferencias condicionadas. Entre los segundos destacan: (i) factores económicos como el subempleo, el empleo precario y la informalidad, que contribuyen a explicar el TI; (ii) factores culturales como la percepción de la población y autoridades de que el TI es algo normal y hasta deseable; y (iii) desde el 2020, la pandemia, algunos de cuyos efectos negativos estimados son el incremento del TI y el empobrecimiento de las arcas ficales de los países.
• Way forward after the revolution: Decent work for women in Egypt and Tunisia - Phase II - Final evaluation Flexibility in light of the COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 spread and circumstances surrounding it has demanded flexibility. This Project has shown the importance of being able to redesign approaches for capacity-building, including retraining of Trainers, and adapt training materials and guidelines – in order for them to conduct virtual training. It has also shown that through virtual training events many more trainees and beneficiaries can be reached.
• Way forward after the revolution: Decent work for women in Egypt and Tunisia - Phase II - Final evaluation MSMEs entering the formal economy Contributing to, and assisting MSMEs to formalise their informal enterprises, and support micro-finance institutions (to provide funding to entrepreneurs) are well in line with ILO policy and was part of the activities in this project but could not yet be achieved - perhaps affected by Covid-related delays
• Way forward after the revolution: Decent work for women in Egypt and Tunisia - Phase II - Final evaluation Exchanges and learning between countries in regional projects When implementing regional projects it is important for the stakeholders to know what is happening in the other country/ies and to learn from others and share experiences.
• Green enterPRIZE Innovation and Development in Zimbabwe - Final evaluation When formalising partnerships with external implementing organisations, the ILO should conduct thorough due diligence on potential partners and be fully transparent and upfront early in the negotiation process, about the rules and regulations involved in partnering with the organisation for the delivery of an international development project.
• Green enterPRIZE Innovation and Development in Zimbabwe - Final evaluation Multi-dimensional projects such as the Green enterPRIZE project, which integrate multiple and synergetic interventions along a continuum of development support maximise the potential for effectiveness and lasting impact. This project integrated skills supply and demand development within the green economy by supporting MSEs and SMEs and TVET curricula development.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation Circular nature of migration. WIF commissioned research on migrating women in both origin and destination countries illustrates that many women have migrated several times to similar or different regions, illustrating a trend of circular international migration, not to mention circular internal migration, which has been well documented in some countries, such as India. While some South Asian women working in domestic or garment labour in other countries may be first-time migrants, the majority have migrated numerous times . Several points can be made here. First, is that despite the challenges, risks and frequency of rights abuses, migrants are returning to work internationally. This indicates that once a woman becomes a migrant there is often social pressure on her to continue, in part because economic needs within the household have not been met, also that the person now understands better how to migrate, and third, that person may find it difficult to reintegrate into her community of origin through forms of stigma, as was documented during the WIF2 Evaluability Assessment. As WIF has been doing, it emphasises the need to work with returnee migrants in CoOs, as well as prospective first time migrants. Using their experience to influence government strategies in CoOs, including with respect to BLAs, is important.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation Quality and commitment of local partners. An additional related lesson that applies to the Middle East too, is the importance of working with local partners that are embedded in local communities and structures, understand the importance and means to facilitate processes, and are brave and committed in what they do. Commitment includes the ability and willingness to engage in advocacy related work where necessary, and thus to challenge power, since the way in which recruitment works will not be shifted by other means. In Lebanon, the importance of having partners that have developed and learned together with WIF was mentioned, rather than just seeing WIF as another donor. In South Asia, strong community based organisations have been recruited as local partners and this has made a huge difference to the quality of the work too.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation Abolition of the kafala system and obstructive political influence of recruitment agents. “The importance of thinking outside the box. Maybe we should just focus on the idea that the system should be dismantled rather than always just looking to reform it. We have been struck by how abusive labour practices remain in the Middle East. The commodification of migrant domestic workers, and their treatment as mere chattels noted in the Evaluability Assessment of WIF2 is a cultural outlook and practice that persists. It originates largely in two practices, the fact that employers pay a recruitment fee, and that the migrant domestic workers under kafala practices have to live in. The fee provides employers with the sense of ownership. They have paid for an expensive commodity, now the commodity owes them. Having the employee live under the same roof reinforces this sense of ownership. Seeking reform of the system and more effective regulation of recruitment practices will not change this essential dynamic. What needs to change is the relationship between employer and employee so that it is reconstructed purely as a labour relation. Practice and culture have made it clear this will only happen outside the kafala relationship. Primarily the blocking actor for reform is the recruitment agencies, who wield considerable political influence. In the current economic circumstances, when the demand for part time domestic and care work is growing, rather than having a full time live in employee, it is the recruitment agents that are refusing to recognize how trends are shifting. In a discussion held with SORAL in Lebanon, there was no appetite for reviewing their current business model, although this is what is necessary.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation Policy persistence and stamina. As noted, by the WIF Advisory Board, the current policy climate is bleak. ‘We note that WIF has undertaken some significant policy interventions, nevertheless. There have been significant changes in Jordan in relation to the domestic work regulation and in Nepal in relation to the partial removal of the ban on women emigrating to work’. In Lebanon too, persistent pressure by the ILO has helped to prevent the new Minister of Labour instituting an entirely undesirable replacement SUC and go back to accepting more of what had been agreed earlier. This persistence of the WIF team, despite repeated rebuffs, and its foundation in a continuous process of relationship building and consolidation, is one of the more remarkable traits of the team, in spite of the snail pace of some of these reform processes. It is both a laudable achievement and lesson in managing the reform of migrant labour laws, policies and regulations in the Middle East. In a context like Lebanon, the fact that WIF has continued to knock at the Ministry of Labour’s door, has also meant that gradually concessions around piloting new initiatives have been won too.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation Adopting a programmatic approach and protecting the legacy of Work in Freedom. This is a broader lesson for the ILO with respect to its work on highly complex migration issues. WIF has shown the essentiality of a long and deep rooted approach. We have seen the journey the programme has undertaken, and it is highly impressive. But with FCDO funding due to end early in 2023, it is experience that the ILO cannot afford to lose. From a programme quality perspective, the ILO talks of having programmes but in practice has projects, in that each project has its own theory of change and results framework, but there are no overarching theories of change that connect these project based frameworks over 10-15 year time frames. Initiatives like that for Decent Work, could support the fulfilment of this role, but have only the starting points for a theory of change. The FAIRWAY migration programme looking at migration linkages between Africa and the Middle East, for example, does not (yet) have an empowerment component to it. But from the lessons learned from WIF, this is essential to any migration initiative that wishes to treat women as active agents and not victims. It is positive that the migration team within the Beirut regional office works as a single team and plans activities jointly, even if they are supported through different projects, and similarly within Delhi. This needs to be extended though into the development of overarching programme frameworks too. We believe this is essential to preserving the legacy of WIF and the longer term struggle the ILO is engaged in to humanise and eradicate the kafala system in the Middle East. Any aim short of this, is less than migrant workers deserve. Women migrant workers especially have had their humanity denied for too long, and WIF has shown the rights abuses that regularly take place cannot be treated without deep knowledge, relationships and capabilities.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation The value of good research. An outstanding feature of WIF has been the quality of the research conducted. In particular, what has been of value is the specific studies conducted in order to throw a light on thorny problems identified. This find-a-problem-and-seek-to-understand-it-in-order-to-find-a-way-of-addressing-it approach has resulted in high quality, original research being conducted, especially as WIF has commissioned those who are either highly familiar with the topic, or committed themselves to addressing it, to undertake the research. What is outside this oeuvre is the work of IFPRI, the official research partner. It is surprising to this evaluation team that they do not appear to have engaged a great deal with the excellent research undertaken by WIF itself. Work in Freedom is an exemplar, applied research programme. On this research we note the comments of the WIF Advisory Board, which we would endorse. One major contribution of many of these studies has been to challenge conventional wisdom— especially around issues of trafficking and recruitment, as well as women’s inter-sectoral work mobility. In this context, the compilation of the glossary reflecting the complexity of free/ unfree labour has been a major contribution. These kinds of research interventions open up space for major policy intervention, such as the WIF’s intervention with the Indian government’s trafficking legislation (2018, 2021). To take these further, however, two further steps may be useful. First, there could be some more publications, which draw on the micro-studies to reflect on the key findings across the origin and destination studies. Secondly, there remains a need to find ways to disseminate these studies more widely and for them to be part of policy discussions.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation Obstructive political influence of recruitment agents. In a current context like Lebanon the existing kafala system serves neither the interests of employers and employees. So why does the system persist? As has been learned through the experience of Work in Freedom, the system persists because of the role of recruitment agents and the considerable political influence they leverage. It was the recruitment agencies that blocked the reforms to the Standard Unified Contract in Lebanon in 2020 with their appeal to the State Shura Council. There are often ownership ties with political elites of the largest agencies. In the current economic circumstances, when the demand for part time domestic and care work is growing, rather than having a full time live in employee, it is the recruitment agents that are refusing to recognize how trends are shifting. In a discussion held with SORAL in Lebanon, there was no appetite for reviewing their current business model, although this is what is necessary. This similarly applies in countries of origin too. Recruitment agencies play a role in blocking reform in contexts like Bangladesh too. This creates a thorny knot in the reform process. It is also where thinking outside the box comes into the picture.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation The need to document and disseminate further and more widely. This echoes the last point made above by the WIF Advisory Board. The research, learning and experience of WIF is extremely rich, and in many ways represents the greatest value and contribution made by the programme. The lessons learned by WIF need to continue to be applied by the ILO, and other organisations that focus on migration issues. The lessons learned documents produced by WIF are of great value. However, what perhaps remains is more of an account of how and what WIF learned itself in how to approach this work and to make a difference in a problem that at times has seemed, within the Middle East at least, impervious to change. To help preserve the legacy of WIF, a special report of this nature, and a wide launch strategy could play a major role in ensuring it, as well as contribute to the point below. The WIF Advisory Board members could also bring their own experience and learning to this report too; the synthetic value of their December 2021 Annual Report was extremely high.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation Facilitating choice: Pre-departure training and recruitment processes. An early lesson of WIF1 was the dangers of hiring training and capacity building organisations that are wholly didactic in their delivery style. Adopting a strategic focus on women’s empowerment and their ability to make informed choices signalled a huge shift in the aims and style of WIF. Nevertheless, empowering potential or actual migrant women is easier said than done in a political economic system that favours recruitment agencies and employers, and where the agents that seek out potential women migrants have a far greater reach than an orientation programme is ever likely to have. A lesson learned from Nepal is the importance of ensuring such training is voluntary and involving returnee migrant women workers as trainers if possible. From India, the value of having solidarity based organisations with membership networks was also learned. The content of all conversations should be relevant to women’s mobility, women’s work and well-being, locally available resources and the political context of migration. Methods should be interactive and should encourage communication and learning for both individuals and groups. Settings and training content are more effective when they are informal. Perceptions about training should be managed carefully depending on local stigma associated with women’s mobility and paid work. This is all a long reach from the early days of training in Chhattisgarh and shows how far WIF has come in this regard. In this phase too, Bangladesh has now also been fully incorporated in this process with partners that do have strong community networks, and the lessons learnt from India and Nepal applied there too
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Midterm evaluation Promoting solidarity – Migrant and national domestic workers. The premise and potential contribution of a human security framework to WIF thinking has been introduced earlier. An initial discussion around the concept of solidarity was held with the Lebanon National Project Coordinator, and that this was insightful and productive provides a sense of the value the framework can serve. In Lebanon WIF is piloting a digital app targeted at national domestic workers/ carers, rather than migrant workers, in an imaginative pilot that is about the kind of bridge building between national (and Syrian) workers) and migrant workers that is necessary, to generate a wider cultural acceptance of domestic work being treated as a legitimate form of work. Although targeted at national workers, the app also provides a precedent for a mode of employing care workers that is wholly outside the kafala system. In countries of origin too, networks have promoted women’s rights more broadly, and also sought to address domestic and garment factor work issues more inclusively. To advance the solidarity principle inclusive of migrant and national workers, there are three key principles. o Decommodification of MWs requires them to be seen as workers not migrants o Seeking to unify initiatives for decent work across national and migrant workers in a sector o (Re-)Integration of MWs into sending/ receiving communities
• Responsible Supply Chains in Asia - Final evaluation Regional projects need to have a Regional Component for the exchange of good practices and lessons learned among the target countries.
• Responsible Supply Chains in Asia - Final evaluation Multi-Stakeholder meetings and platforms are instrumental to CSR/RBC policies and practices.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Final evaluation The fact that some constituents were not organized, and others did not represent workers’ voices, resulted in the inability to form a tripartite structure. This affected the results because key actors were not always included in the implementation. To overcome such difficulties some form of mechanism could have been set up to increase cooperation between actors.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Final evaluation Given that the Programme operated in the whole of migration corridors, activities in origin and destination countries were equally important. With the budget reductions, some of the activities in the origin countries were reduced. Although results were still achieved, similar Programming should consider maintaining all activities in both regions.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Final evaluation Recognizing the significant impact of discrimination on the target population, it is crucial to enhance efforts in origin countries to address the cultural and social factors that drive women towards migration against their better interests. This can be achieved through the implementation of a more comprehensive and frequent series of workshops on the community level.
• ILO-DFID Partnership Programme on Fair Recruitment and Decent Work for Women Migrant Workers in South Asia and the Middle East -Phase II - Final evaluation Work done toward achieving policy changes was sometimes lost because of changes in the governments’ commitment. Continued pressure on policymakers would be needed to achieve results. However, this is not fully ensured after the end of the Programme. Some of the ILO staff involved in advocacy work will not remain in the country where they worked. Therefore, a clear advocacy strategy, which ensures the sustainability of partners who are involved in advocacy work, would be required to achieve, and maintain results.
• Improving industrial relations for decent work and sustainable development of textile and garment industries in Ethiopia - Midterm Evaluation An important lesson learned of the IR Garment Sector project is the need for realistic time frames and goals when planning interventions related to improvement of industrial relations, working conditions and productivity. Administrative and institutional changes take time, and the duration of project is too short (just 36months including 6 months of inception phase), and goals too ambitious, to achieve intended results. Therefore, technical assistance offered in the field of improvement of industrial relations and social dialogue structures and processes at enterprise, sectoral and national level should be planned for a longer period of time, possibly in the form of a programme rather than projects, to allow for the generation of lasting results and impact.
• Improving industrial relations for decent work and sustainable development of textile and garment industries in Ethiopia - Midterm Evaluation An important lesson learned of the ILO IR Garment Sector project is the need to enhance capacities of regulatory bodies to better enforce labour laws and up-grading and reorganization of the Government institutions (MOLSA, BOLSA) to meet the contemporary demand of the industry. Therefore, technical assistance offered in the field of social development requires long-term interventions and need to be embedded in the vision of change for the industry
• Empower:Building peace through the economic empowerment of women in northern Sri Lanka - Final evaluation The PBF financing modality: The PBF modality was that of a short term financing instrument with long term planned outcomes, which was a disconnect.
• Capacidades laborales para el trabajo decente ... para la población ví­ctima del conflicto armado en Colombia - Evaluación finale Con el objeto de atacar la estigmatización de la condición de víctima, se hace necesario vincular de manera más efectiva a los empresarios tanto en la definición de contenidos de formación como en el seguimiento y monitoreo de las actividades de práctica laboral.
  Por lo anterior, los resultados del Proyecto en términos de capacidad social para contrarrestar los efectos perjudiciales de la estigmatización son limitados.
  El éxito de la vinculación laboral dependerá del compromiso de los empresarios con el proyecto, lo que requerirá establecer convenios claros con las instituciones educativas que brinden acompañamiento constante a los practicantes durante todo su proceso de práctica.
  
• Capacidades laborales para el trabajo decente ... para la población ví­ctima del conflicto armado en Colombia - Evaluación finale Se requiere articulación con los actores antes y durante el programa: Cajas de Compensación, entes municipales y departamentales, sector empresarial y centros de formación. Lo que implica contar con un tiempo previo al inicio de la jornada lectiva para esta gestión (6 meses) de acuerdo a todos los actores involucrados en el desarrollo del programa. Es importante fortalecer escenarios de gobernanza vertical, donde exista coordinación en los diferentes niveles territoriales sin generar retrasos en los procesos, dándole autonomía a los diferentes entes desde sus sedes territoriales. La pérdida de tiempo que involucra la fatal de coordinación vertical es una causal de deserción en la población beneficiaria. Para garantizar que el programa mejore el nivel de compromiso por parte del sector empresarial en la etapa de formación de las prácticas de los estudiantes beneficiarios, debe existir un impulso desde el nivel central del Gobierno Nacional. En este sentido, es necesario fortalecer los escenarios de gobernanza vertical, ya que hace falta avanzar en la coordinación de los niveles central, regional y local, bajo criterios de coherencia y complementariedad en torno a un diseño de incentivos sobre una correcta arquitectura institucional.
• Capacidades laborales para el trabajo decente ... para la población ví­ctima del conflicto armado en Colombia - Evaluación finale El fortalecimiento de competencias blandas es reconocido desde el punto de vista de todos los actores como el factor diferenciador y positivo en este proyecto, así como los resultados en disminuir la estigmatización y fortalecer el crecimiento, con una metodología orientada en un enfoque constructivista basada en aprendizaje colaborativo y de motivación para el trabajo. En términos de satisfacción, los estudiantes beneficiarios encontraron en el programa un escenario de profesionalización de conocimientos, que permitieron mejorar su calidad de vida. En términos de resultados significativos es posible ubicar la creación de un equipo de trabajo fuerte y orientado al trabajo con la población vulnerable con experiencia.
• Capacidades laborales para el trabajo decente ... para la población ví­ctima del conflicto armado en Colombia - Evaluación finale La falta de participación del sector público, el sector privado y los sindicatos locales o regionales, en el diseño de un programa orientado a generar la capacidad organizacional del territorio para poder implementar el programa Educándonos para la Paz. Es necesario considerar los resultados en capacidad organizacional del programa en el territorio. Una implementación con una participación complementaria de actores sociales con intereses y beneficios definidos sobre el Proyecto no es suficiente para generar capacidad organizacional. Es necesario vincular en actividades específicas a los actores locales con el conocimiento y la experiencia para garantizar sostenibilidad y orientación al impacto.
• Capacidades laborales para el trabajo decente ... para la población ví­ctima del conflicto armado en Colombia - Evaluación finale Para el desarrollo de este proyecto en ninguna de las etapas se tuvo en cuenta un enfoque poblacional diferencial de manera explícita, sin embargo se evidenció una mayor participación de mujeres (70%) y madres cabeza de hogar. La ausencia actividades específicas en relación a la población de mujeres, plantea la necesidad de incorporar un enfoque de género para diseñar de manera más apropiada los incentivos de participación y permanencia.
• Capacidades laborales para el trabajo decente ... para la población ví­ctima del conflicto armado en Colombia - Evaluación finale Si bien el subsidio de transporte aporta en la participación de los beneficiarios, es necesario visibilizar estrategias que permitan hacer la entrega de este de una forma más equitativa, con mayor cobertura. Esto indica la necesidad de tener en cuenta las distancias geográficas comprendidas entre la ubicación de las viviendas de los beneficiarios y los centros de formación. Así como otorgarlo para los beneficiarios que muestren desempeño académico e interés constante en el proyecto. Del mismo modo, cada ciudad presenta una demografía particular sobre la cual un diseño de incentivos distinto puede facilitar los procesos de aprendizaje. Por ejemplo, una participación mayoritaria de las mujeres permite un diseño de incentivos distinto, ofreciendo bienes necesarios para liberar tiempo con el objeto de llevar a cabo actividades de aprendizaje. El enfoque de la entrega del subsidio debería ser integral, teniendo en cuenta las condiciones necesarias para el desarrollo de un proceso de aprendizaje adecuado. Una correcta arquitectura institucional favorece un diseño de incentivos adecuado, teniendo en cuenta la demografía particular del programa y las condiciones de cada región. Podría además considerarse a partir del conocimiento demográfico en cada territorio otras formas de subsidios orientados a favorecer el desarrollo comunitario. Aun cuando el subsidio de transporte les permitió a los beneficiarios el ingreso a entidades financieras, el apoyo fue definido exclusivamente para la etapa lectiva del programa. En algunos casos el subsidio de transporte no llegó oportunamente, lo que generó casos de ausencia estudiantil en las clases. Sin embargo, los centros de formación trataron de superar este bache económico mientras los recursos económicos llegaban para evitar que los estudiantes desertaran.
• Capacidades laborales para el trabajo decente ... para la población ví­ctima del conflicto armado en Colombia - Evaluación finale La ruta de inserción laboral mejorará en la medida en que se tenga claro y se aplique eficientemente una estrategia de seguimiento a largo plazo y fortaleciendo permanentemente la práctica. La tasa de colocación del programa a nivel nacional está en 16,2%, superior al promedio de la tasa de desempleo de 10% para las ciudades en las cuales se llevó a cabo el programa. Servicio Público de Empleo y Cajas de Compensación familiar cuentan con una ruta de empleabilidad definidas para la población en general, sin embargo, identifican que la población víctima requiere de un acompañamiento más puntual. En el desarrollo de este proyecto se vincularon a las capacitaciones en entrenamiento para las entrevistas, creación de hoja de vida, diseño del portafolio de servicios, manejo de la plataforma y aplicación a las vacantes.
• Evaluación Regional Temática Independiente sobre Migración Laboral - Evaluación Temática (RBSA, XBTC) Las reformas legales, para que logren efectos significativos, deben estar acompañadas de procesos de implementación de los cambios normativos, lo que implica procesos de sensibilización, capacitación y acompañamiento para asegurar modificaciones en el nivel de conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de las poblaciones beneficiarias y de los operadores del Derecho.
• Evaluación Regional Temática Independiente sobre Migración Laboral - Evaluación Temática (RBSA, XBTC) Los proyectos co ejecutados con agencias del SNU, o con otras organizaciones, deben tomar en consideración las áreas de experticia de cada uno de los ejecutores.
• Evaluación Regional Temática Independiente sobre Migración Laboral - Evaluación Temática (RBSA, XBTC) El abordaje tripartito de los temas laborales constituye la principal fortaleza de OIT, sin embargo, se convierte en una debilidad si no se implementan estrategias, mecanismos y metodologías apropiados para hacer efectivo dicho enfoque.
• Evaluación Regional Temática Independiente sobre Migración Laboral - Evaluación Temática (RBSA, XBTC) El enfoque de corredores migratorios requiere que la asistencia técnica y el acompañamiento se realicen en forma integral a todos los países que conforman dicho corredor, de manera que se garantice una visión binacional o regional.
• Evaluación Regional Temática Independiente sobre Migración Laboral - Evaluación Temática (RBSA, XBTC) La sensibilización, capacitación e involucramiento del sector empleador en el tema de migración laboral es fundamental para lograr un mayor nivel de apropiación de los productos y resultados generados por las intervenciones de OIT.
• Evaluación Regional Temática Independiente sobre Migración Laboral - Evaluación Temática (RBSA, XBTC) Los esfuerzos para avanzar en la formalización de la economía informal en países como Costa Rica necesariamente requieren de la integración de la perspectiva migratoria, pues la población migrante es la más afectada por la informalidad.
• Evaluación Regional Temática Independiente sobre Migración Laboral - Evaluación Temática (RBSA, XBTC) La integración de los beneficiarios en el diseño de las intervenciones es fundamental para lograr mayores niveles de compromiso, participación y apropiación de las acciones desarrolladas. Dicha integración resulta más efectiva si las intervenciones toman en consideración al sector en su conjunto y no solo a la población migrante específica, por ejemplo, las trabajadoras domésticas, sean nacionales o extranjeras.
• Strengthening of rural trade union organization in post-conflict Colombia - Final evaluation Una importante lección aprendida del proceso de evaluación es que la mejora del cumplimiento de los derechos de los trabajadores y la contribución al proceso de paz son objetivos a largo plazo. El refuerzo de las capacidades de las Organizaciones Sindicales Rurales; el incremento de la afiliación sindical; el desarrollo de los progresos en materia de negociación colectiva; la incidencia socio-política; la mejora de los medios de vida; implican necesariamente procesos a largo plazo, así como un acompañamiento sostenido en el tiempo de las Centrales Sindicales, las OSR y la propia OIT
• Strengthening of rural trade union organization in post-conflict Colombia - Final evaluation Acompañamiento sostenido post-proyecto a las iniciativas productivas. El apoyo al desarrollo de unidades productivas puede contribuir a la mejora del bienestar económico y social de los agricultores, las mujeres y sus familias, además de promover y motivar la vinculación de los trabajadores asalariados y no asalariados a las OS. No obstante, las limitaciones en la experticia, manejo y desarrollo de unidades productivas por parte de los beneficiarios y las OSR pueden limitar, a su vez, los alcances y la posterior sostenibilidad del componente. La lección aprendida es que es necesario dar un seguimiento y acompañamiento sostenido post-proyecto a estas iniciativas.
• Strengthening of rural trade union organization in post-conflict Colombia - Final evaluation El Proyecto ha establecido un entorno propicio y abierto a oportunidades de continuidad. Una importante lección aprendida es que no solo existe una demanda (por parte de los socios del Proyecto y los beneficiarios) y se abren oportunidades y espacios de continuidad (actuales y nuevas a explorar) sino que también se ha contribuido a crear una estructura, unos procesos y un entorno favorable para poder continuar y escalar el Proyecto.
• Strengthening of rural trade union organization in post-conflict Colombia - Final evaluation El fortalecimiento de las OS rurales en Colombia merece una atención especial por parte de las Centrales Sindicales y de la OIT. Tomando en cuenta la anterior lección aprendida y por otro lado, las debilidades (ya crónicas) de las organizaciones sindicales, en general en América Latina; los bajísimos niveles de afiliación y de representatividad (y por lo tanto de capacidad en la negociación colectiva y el tripartismo activo); en especial en el ámbito rural, y en Colombia en particular (recrudecidas por el conflicto, la violencia anti-sindical, la informalidad, la vulnerabilidad de mujeres y/o grupos indígenas…) el fortalecimiento de las OS rurales en Colombia amerita una especial atención y una acción focalizada no solo por parte de las CS, sino también de la OIT.
• Strengthening of rural trade union organization in post-conflict Colombia - Final evaluation Una lección aprendida importante que surge del proceso de evaluación es que se requieren nuevas estrategias para ampliar el número de mujeres afiliadas (campesinas en su mayor parte) a las organizaciones sindicales rurales.
• Strengthening of rural trade union organization in post-conflict Colombia - Final evaluation La importancia del personal del proyecto. Los resultados alcanzados por el proyecto demuestran la importancia del personal técnico a su cargo. No solo en relación a su perfil técnico, sino también a su bagaje profesional y su compromiso personal.
• Strengthening of rural trade union organization in post-conflict Colombia - Final evaluation Los procesos administrativos de la OIT no facilitan la flexibilidad requerida por la cooperación técnica. Los proyectos de cooperación técnica de OIT, especialmente en contextos rurales, requieren de mucha intervención directa en lo territorial y por lo tanto, de flexibilidad en su ejecución. Los procesos administrativos de la Organización, no facilitan esta flexibilidad.
• Measurement, awareness-raising and policy management (MAP) project on child labour and forced labour in support of SDG target 8.7 - Midterm evaluation In Morocco, the context of the state of emergency due to COVID-19 brought a strict population lockdown from the 20th of March. Morocco closed all schools and training centers, which will undoubtedly generate an increased rate of the drop out of school especially between sessions and for girls and a real risk to see more Child Labour after the COVID Crisis and to lose the progress made. MAP 16 is implementing different distance support tools to protect children from hazardous domestic labour and from child labour, among them: - Awareness raising sessions with beneficiaries via WhatsApp groups. Topics covered included the importance of continuing their studies, the causes and risks of school dropout, and the dangers associated with Child Labour in Domestic Work. The WhatsApp groups were created in collaboration with schoolteachers - Internet top-ups for three months of internet connection for most- at-risk students, to guarantee the commitment of the students and their participation in support courses and awareness sessions
• Sea Fisheries: Strengthened Coordination to Combat Labour Exploitation and Trafficking in Fisheries in Southeast Asia - Final evaluation • Regional coordination needs to be coupled with on-the-ground support in individual countries. The problems addressed by the regional coordinating body will invariably require actions by member States, including legal and institutional reforms. The ability to effect reforms is dependent on the strength of political support and the capacity of relevant institutions (including inter-ministerial coordination), which are likely to vary on a country-by-country basis. It would be helpful to have a support office in each country that can provide assistance in reform efforts, serving as a channel for information about international good practices and a resource for capacity building initiatives. Budgets for the national offices need to be commensurate with the objectives and work plan. The establishment and operations of the support offices should be agreed with relevant ministries in each country in the form of a memorandum of understanding or other formal agreement.
• Sea Fisheries: Strengthened Coordination to Combat Labour Exploitation and Trafficking in Fisheries in Southeast Asia - Final evaluation • Significant outreach and planning is required before launching a regional coordinating body (RCB). Assuming that the need for a such as body is not widely recognized at the beginning of the process, considerable effort is needed to identify key actors in each country, explain the purpose of the RCB, and encourage the active participation of government authorities and other constituents. Outreach activities need to be coupled with rigorous planning based on objective research on the nature and magnitude of the problem in each country. It would be helpful to conduct assessments of the existing legal framework and institutional constraints in the countries as part of the planning process. The process should culminate in a strategy document, which identifies the goals and objectives of the RCB, the specific problems that it will address, the activities that it will undertake, membership arrangement, governance structure, secretariat functions and staffing, and financial plan. With respect to the latter, the potential for long-term funding needs to be considered at the outset. The RCB should not be launched until there is agreement on the plan among a sufficient number of participating countries. The agreement should be in the form of a resolution of the ministers in member States to signal their endorsement of the strategy and commitment to work together to address common problems in the region, bearing in mind that multiple ministries may be responsible for policy matters related to trafficking, forced labor, labor exploitation in the fishing sector. This process will take considerable time and money. It would be preferable to divide projects into two distinct phases. The design phase would focus on outreach, research and planning, culminating in the endorsement of the strategy document. The implementation phase would begin once the strategy is endorsed and requisite financial resourced secured.
• Win-Win Gender Equality Means Good Business (in co-delegation with UN WOMEN) - Midterm joint evaluation Win-Win offers a lesson on the importance of developing a robust programme logic in a participatory manner ensuring a shared, clear understanding of the link between activities and high-level results, in addition to securing understanding of programme logic by persons brought onboard to implement the programme. A weak or unclear theory of change can lead to missed opportunities as well as activities that are disjointed and ultimately heading towards the stated goals.
• Win-Win Gender Equality Means Good Business (in co-delegation with UN WOMEN) - Midterm joint evaluation Win-Win offers a lesson on the importance of ensuring ongoing access from the outset to relevant experts in circumstances where interventions pursue outcomes involving specialized expertise beyond the implementing organizations’ ordinary sphere of knowledge and experience. Moreover, the Win-Win experience suggests that such outcomes should not be undertaken without extensive prior consultation with such relevant experts.
• Win-Win Gender Equality Means Good Business (in co-delegation with UN WOMEN) - Midterm joint evaluation Complex multi-country inter-agency programmes benefit from a long inception period and key personnel should be in place during inception to ensure all internal stakeholders are aligned, expectations are clear, operational supports are in place, and sufficient time has been allotted to critical reflection on strategy and tactics.
• Win-Win Gender Equality Means Good Business (in co-delegation with UN WOMEN) - Midterm joint evaluation An appropriate communications function is critical to secure the implementation of a robust communications, knowledge management, and visibility strategy linked to Programme outcomes (not simply to raising Programme profile).
• Win-Win Gender Equality Means Good Business (in co-delegation with UN WOMEN) - Midterm joint evaluation Relationship-building (and maintenance) work needs to be acknowledged, adequately resourced, and planned for, in part by ensuring administrative and other support staff are in place so that time is freed up for the important relationship-building and maintenance work.
• Win-Win Gender Equality Means Good Business (in co-delegation with UN WOMEN) - Midterm joint evaluation Strategies for addressing gender norms and engaging men should be considered and built in from the outset in planning activities and considering programme logic.
• Better Work Indonesia Phase III - Midterm evaluation The exchange of experiences and information in Industrial Relations, especially in supporting trade unions in garment sectors in Indonesia, has been feasible in the project within the frame of strengthening trade unions’ positions so that they are better able to support their members’ capacity building and to improve their members’ compliance. BWI began organizing an Industrial Relations Roundtable in August 2017, and it has been attended by various strategic partners, such as Oxfam, Workers’ Rights Consortium, Solidarity Center, FNV, Care International, Asia Floor Wages and TURC (Trade Union Rights Centre). The aim of this programme was to avoid duplication of efforts and “overwhelming” unions with conflicting demands and activities, including the design of a gender mainstreaming approach with the Fairwear Foundation. BWI also managed a collaboration with various brands/buyers to execute various activities with a special focus on training, which offered brands/buyers the chance to extend collaboration to the policy level strategy/programme. Promoting this type of collaboration strengthens national capacity and programme sustainability, and for this reason, this sort of cooperation projects/collaboration should be encouraged.
• Support for the Implementation of the Decent Work Country Programme in Uzbekistan - Midterm Evaluation ILO and the Uzbekistan constituents, through its annual consultations in the Governing Body, eventually made it possible to progress in the field of policy and legislation at national level –and enabled the Project to operate in the country. A lesson learned is that through persistence, and presentation of facts/evidence emanated from the research studies, ILO has been able to develop a dialogue with the constituents in which the Government representatives have stated that there is a need for changes related to FPRW - particularly linked to the recruitment of workers, and workers´ rights in cotton harvesting - but also to commit to implementing a decent work agenda in the country.
• EU-India Cooperation and Dialogue on Migration and Mobility - Midterm evaluation An established form of communication on migration dialogue between the two bilateral parties should be clearly defined before the project design phase is launched.
• Promoting economic empowerment of women at work through responsible business conduct – G7 countries (in co-delegation with UN Women) - Final evaluation The project was conceived without the involvement of the ILO, which caused many problems, issues along the way. The idea of the project was already advanced on the side of EU and UN Women, the project proposal was already formulated and written, so that ILO had limited margin to influence the project design. The rejection of the project by various ILO departments and late involvement of the ILO due to the mentioned factor into the project caused coordination, communication problems within/between ILO divisions.
• Promoting economic empowerment of women at work through responsible business conduct – G7 countries (in co-delegation with UN Women) - Final evaluation The lack of prior consultations with ILO constituents led to the ILO’s Bureau for Employers’ Activities (ACTEMP)’s reticence to fully partner in the implementation of the project, as it is mentioned and highlighted in previous reports, evaluations and throughout the key informant interviews. In the later stages, even the consultations took place far after the initiation of the project, the employer organizations were not satisfied with the consultations.
• Promoting economic empowerment of women at work through responsible business conduct – G7 countries (in co-delegation with UN Women) - Final evaluation All stakeholders should have communicated their ideas relevant to the project implemented in a much clearer way which might have led to better coordination and communication between/within stakeholders. On the EU side, the main underpinning objective of the project was to create a partnership within G7 countries to promote economy, trade and to position companies better to increase economic interest while strengthening linkages between EU and G7 countries implementing the project. However, this idea was not carried out to the other parties clearly, which caused misunderstandings both in ILO side and national governments of USA, Japan and Canada side.
• Promocion y cumplimento de los Principos y Derechos Fundamentales en el trabajo en Brasil - Midterm evaluation Resulta fundamental que ante la firma de acuerdos de colaboración, las entidades firmantes sean conscientes de las condiciones/limitaciones institucionales de cada institución/organización socia. Tanto la OIT como el MPT son entidades institucionalizadas, de naturaleza pública y con una estructura compleja y organizada para cumplir con rigor sus respectivos mandatos y rendir cuentas de manera transparente. Así, resulta lógico que cada una tenga sus propios procedimientos estandarizados y consolidados y que no exista una flexibilidad a priori para incorporar otros procedimientos. Sin embargo, los requisitos y la rigidez de estos puede provocar retrasos en la implementación de las acciones, pero sobre todo incumplimiento de las normativas particulares. Comprender las necesidades institucionales, las limitaciones de actuación es fundamental para la buena actuación en conjunto.
• Promocion y cumplimento de los Principos y Derechos Fundamentales en el trabajo en Brasil - Midterm evaluation La aproximación de la actuación de la OIT a otros actores federativos en Brasil (estados y municipios), descentralizando su actuación, fomentando la capacidad de diálogo y articulación en la construcción de políticas locales más atentas a las necesidades y posibilidades de realización y modificación social junto a los usuarios finales.
• Promocion y cumplimento de los Principos y Derechos Fundamentales en el trabajo en Brasil - Midterm evaluation El Proyecto PDFT ha demostrado la importancia de trabajar efectiva y directamente con las cadenas productivas en Brasil, pudiendo generar cambios más estructurales, significativos y sostenibles en lo que se refiere a la promoción y cumplimiento de derechos fundamentales en el trabajo en Brasil. Se debe tener en cuenta que la agricultura y la minería son los principales sectores económicos de Brasil, país rico en recursos naturales. La incorporación en las cadenas productivas de los PDFT son un paso más hacia la sostenibilidad.
• Evaluación regional independiente sobre los modelos de implementación de asistencia técnica de la OIT financiada con fondos RBSA - Final independent evaluation (RBSA) Un PTDP que defina los objetivos estratégicos pero deje abierto el rango de las acciones para lograrlos permite un mayor grado de flexibilidad para adaptar las acciones de cooperación a los cambios del contexto. Por el contrario, en un ambiente de relaciones tripartitas frágil y poco estable, un PNTD con un plan de implementación detallado puede ser un instrumento demasiado rígido. Sin embargo, aunque la flexibilidad en el contenido e implementación del PTDP permite mayor adaptación de respuesta a corto plazo, implica el riesgo de diluir la visión estratégica y limitar el impacto a medio y largo plazo.
• Evaluación regional independiente sobre los modelos de implementación de asistencia técnica de la OIT financiada con fondos RBSA - Final independent evaluation (RBSA) La existencia de una estrategia de país consensuada tripartitamente en materia de trabajo decente que guie la cooperación técnica de OIT con objetivos a medio y largo plazo, y fortalezca la coherencia y las sinergias entre proyectos es esencial para asegurar la efectividad y aumentar las posibilidades de mayor impacto y sostenibilidad.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for Kyrgyzstan: 2006-2009 "Well begun is half done." Evaluability of the DWCP substantially depends on the quality of its design. If the programme logic is not coherent and a results-based management framework is not in place, the DWCP will face serious challenges in measuring its progress and results. It is much more effective to conduct an evaluability assessment at the design stage of the DWCP than to undertake it when the programme is in progress or coming to an end.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for Kyrgyzstan: 2006-2009 "Nothing comes out of the sack but what was in it." It is not possible to have a strong DWCP without having a strong ILO presence. The ILO country representatives play a crucial role at all stages of the programme cycle including needs assessment, design, implementation and evaluation. At the present time, the country team is made up of a National Coordinator and four project managers.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for Kyrgyzstan: 2006-2009 "No bees, no honey; no work, no money." In order to implement the DWCP in accordance with the country priorities, technical cooperation resource mobilization should be done at the country level by the ILO country representatives/offices and constituents. This is because neither the Regional Office nor the Subregional Office is able to provide the funding necessary to meet all the country‘s needs. Such resource mobilization should be encouraged and supported.
• Eliminating child labour and forced labour in the cotton, textile, and garment value chains: an integrated approach - Midterm evaluation Project visibility is key particularly when dealing with CL and FL issues. The visibility of a project involved with these issues is a communication mechanism in itself and formalised strategies are required to ensure the project delivers its objectives but also has a broader role and mechanism to raise issues that also fall outside its direct scope and influence. The project has a functional and targeted communications and visibility strategy which is “fit for purpose” and is being utilised to promote various activities and results.
• Eliminating child labour and forced labour in the cotton, textile, and garment value chains: an integrated approach - Midterm evaluation Clear exit strategies are an important from the outsets, particularly when dealing with challenging issues such as CL and FL. Defining what success looks like and structuring approaches to assess and evaluate while maintaining a focus on transition arrangements require an integrated approach. It is important for planning, establishing relationships and setting priorities and also to ultimately promoting local ownership and longer-term sustainability.
• Eliminating child labour and forced labour in the cotton, textile, and garment value chains: an integrated approach - Midterm evaluation Project designs should ideally occur and be prepared with all participants and stakeholders. Developing designs and proposals in isolation minimises the opportunities for partnership and consensus building and often misses important contextual factors in respective enabling environments that need to be prioritised and addressed.
• Eliminating child labour and forced labour in the cotton, textile, and garment value chains: an integrated approach - Midterm evaluation Any work in CL and FL requires the engagement and involvement of national government partners and stakeholders. Although the project may not seek to change legislation or influence national policy, it does seek to strengthen the national enforcement mechanisms, the implementation of policies and the institutional capacities (inspector’s capacities, national and regional policies and actions plans, etc.). Such engagement is important for longer-term impact and sustainability, particularly for those implementing partners (e.g. CSOs) that remain and need to continue operating in the context. It is also important to ensure the active engagement and involvement of governments and particularly of different competent agencies (agriculture, labour, education). In light of this, it is important to maintain focus on developing the capacity of national actors throughout implementation as a key factor influencing project outcomes and changes to the policy environment which may result in long-term sustainability outcomes.
• Eliminating child labour and forced labour in the cotton, textile, and garment value chains: an integrated approach - Midterm evaluation CL and FL interventions require a long-term commitment involving a variety of approaches and methodologies to address issues in a systematic, context specific and responsive manner. Standardised approaches, while useful and informative, do not substitute the development of target approaches that meet the expectations of national partners and counterparts.
• Implementation of the Agreement concerning additional employment injury benefits to the victims of the Ali Enterprises fire and strengthening... - Final evaluation Systems, processes and models are important, but without the political , legal and regulatory framework in place, it is hard to promote sustainability in the long-term.
• Implementation of the Agreement concerning additional employment injury benefits to the victims of the Ali Enterprises fire and strengthening... - Final evaluation Cash transfer systems take time and require a significant investment (resources and capital) to ensure all beneficiaries are identified in a transparent and accountable manner. There can be no short-cuts when establishing such a system. To support the process, it is good for the ILO internally to have clear roles and responsibilities so as to maintain “safe distance” and allow both technical and management functions to combine.
• Inclusive labour markets for job creation in Georgia - Final evaluation Using ILO’s mandate, expertise and reputation opens up multiple prospects for leveraging substantial improvements in labour market in Georgia
• Inclusive labour markets for job creation in Georgia - Final evaluation Only by using ILO’s unique mandate it is possible to elevate labour rights to the political agenda of national and international partners in Georgia, as is the case with human rights agenda.
• Inclusive labour markets for job creation in Georgia - Final evaluation ILO’s presence and convening power creates space that is otherwise missing for the promotion of culture of social dialogue in Georgia.
• Inclusive labour markets for job creation in Georgia - Final evaluation The effective learning within the project, informed decision-making, and continuous increase of synergy between project activities can be seriously impeded by the lack of strong results framework
• Inclusive labour markets for job creation in Georgia - Final evaluation Stand-alone efforts (e.g. SIYB, RBC training) that are not sufficiently linked with the existing landscape of institutions and initiatives, remain deprived from sustainability perspectives
• Inclusive labour markets for job creation in Georgia - Final evaluation Learning from the experience of the countries that undergone similar reform process is a unique value-added practice highly praised and much expected by the ILO’s constituencies.
• Employment and sustainable enterprise development for peace and resilience in Africa - Cluster evaluation Disability in RBSA projects Disability issues seem insufficiently mainstreamed among ILO staff with responsibility for project design. ILO staff showed a lack of awareness. RBSA projects would be befit form a systematic inclusion of the disability dimension in needs assessments, stakeholder analysis and the project implementation.
• Employment and sustainable enterprise development for peace and resilience in Africa - Cluster evaluation Role of the ILO HQ Coordination Support unit for Peace and Resilience (CSPR) in RBSA projects in post-conflict settings The ILO Coordination Support unit for Peace and Resilience (CSPR) in HQ benefits from a Theory of Change for its programming and a dedicated technical support team. RBSA projects in post-conflict settings focusing on employment creation would benefit from aligning to that Theory of Change to strengthen RBSA project design, given the design shortcomings in the evaluated RBSA projects. Besides, technical CSRP support can complement other internal ILO support. This conceptual alignment would strengthen project design and facilitate evaluation given a robust CSPR programming framework. As RBSA funding is often the only funding opportunity for the ILO to engage on peace and resilience, the quality of monitoring data and evaluation opportunities are vital to establish evidence how the peace and resilience programming is working best and why.
• Employment and sustainable enterprise development for peace and resilience in Africa - Cluster evaluation Disability in RBSA projects Disability issues seem insufficiently mainstreamed among ILO staff with responsibility for project design. ILO staff showed a lack of awareness. RBSA projects would be befit form a systematic inclusion of the disability dimension in needs assessments, stakeholder analysis and the project implementation.
• Employment and sustainable enterprise development for peace and resilience in Africa - Cluster evaluation Effects of COVID-19 in conflict affected locations Particularly in the in the Central African Republic, the pandemic had effects in terms of travel restrictions for the project team and specialists in charge of monitoring implementation to support constituents in the field. This introduced delays in the completion of certain activities, such as field studies. COVID-19 affected communication due to generally weak telephone and internet connections in the field sites. The latter affected the efficiency of remote engagement in project activities towards the end of project implementation in an already highly fragile context.
• Employment and sustainable enterprise development for peace and resilience in Africa - Cluster evaluation Use of the employment-intensive approach in RBSA projects in fragile state countries The employment-intensive approach is suited for short-term employment creation where income sources are urgently needed, for example, for the reconciliation of ethnic or religious groups in volatile post-conflict settings. However, expectations need to be carefully managed, as the promotion of the approach through RBSA projects faces a tight time limit of two years, in real terms even several months less until the project team is recruited. The uptake of the employment-intensive approach by (local) government heavily depends on political will and the availability of financial resources. The uptake by donors or UN agencies also depends on UNDAF priorities and their approaches to peace and reconciliation. Hence, uncertainty prevails for the assumption that the promotion of employment-intensive approaches in short-term RBSA projects contributes to longer-term economic recovery.
• Employment and sustainable enterprise development for peace and resilience in Africa - Cluster evaluation RBSA projects in countries with ILO residency vs. non-resident status DWTs and ILO country offices can significantly support RBSA projects where the ILO is a “non-resident” agency, as experienced in the Central African Republic. While this support proved essential for enhancing the project implementation’s effectiveness, it faces its limitations. The remote support cannot replace ILO’s resident status with in-country representation in the UN Country Team (UNCT) and vis-à-vis the tripartite constituents. Learning from Somalia shows that physical presence in the UNCT facilitates access of the ILO to joint UN programming, which is proofed as an emerging funding source for ILO programming. Ultimately, the likelihood of RBSA seed funding contributing to a growing ILO project portfolio where approaches of RBSA projects can be replicated or upscaled seem higher where the ILO is a resident agency that is active in the UNCT.
• The Way Forward after the Revolution: Decent Work for Women in Egypt and Tunisia (DWW) - Phase II - Midterm evaluation The COVID crisis has to a large extent put many activities on hold, and will no doubt have a profound impact on the project. The initial response has been crisis response, assuming that the COVID crisis was a temporary thing. However, as time goes on, the emerging picture is that the crisis will stay for longer than expected, and that the effects will only become clearer with time. Therefore, the immediate response will most likely be replaced by a more long-term realization of conditions that have permanently changed. This will also be true for the stakeholders under the DWW project, and there will be a need to rethink interventions on the assumption that the constraints imposed by COVID to some extent will remain permanent.
• A Road to Decent Jobs for All Afghans (R2J4All) - Final evaluation Effective and efficient allocation of funds - Further implementation of strategic and operational approaches for better monitoring of the project and MSMEs progress.ILO should provide streamlined guidance to the MSMEs in providing precise figures based on their specific achievements. This is particularly important in order to measure the project’s success. When such important figures are missing or are not measurable, because they may be deemed not reliable, they undermine the project’s overall success.
• A Road to Decent Jobs for All Afghans (R2J4All) - Final evaluation Support of DFAs to the project in order to fulfil its tripartite constituent requirements is needed. Addressing tripartite constituents - DFAs, workers’ and employers’ organizations - is partly complete taking into consideration that the DFAs abstain from cooperating with the rest of the tripartite partners.
• A Road to Decent Jobs for All Afghans (R2J4All) - Final evaluation Environmental/ Ecological sustainability awareness needs to be further enhanced for MSMEs. Of the evaluation’s survey of total 214 respondents, 69% feel that their job is not affected by climate change and environmental implications. However, 31% noted that their employment is affected, out of them 11% believed climate change creates damage to crops and 6% needed to relocate.
• A Road to Decent Jobs for All Afghans (R2J4All) - Final evaluation Support to women considering the restrictions/bans imposed by the DFAs is further needed. The project’s continuation should include sophisticated approaches in order to decrease as possible women’s risks and persecution.
• A Road to Decent Jobs for All Afghans (R2J4All) - Final evaluation Integration of technological and innovative approaches can strengthen the sustainability of the MSMEs and can provide market diversification in Balkh’s labor market . Support of non-traditional innovative employment opportunities can diversify economic opportunities and can provide access to the open market in a more efficient way supporting at the same time existing employment opportunities. The enhancement of existing traditional employment sectors has worked well and the creation of an online e-platform for access of MSMEs products to open markets is in progress.
• Ruta de inclusión laboral con enfoque en formación profesional dirigido a víctimas del conflicto armado interno en Colombia - Final evaluation Dada la alta participación de mujeres (70%) y la carga familiar, es necesario incluir el enfoque de género para el desarrollo de las acciones y atención a necesidades específicas por género. Las consecuencias de conflictos armados como el de Colombia impactan en forma diferenciada de acuerdo al género y determinan la necesidad de un abordaje distinto para hombres y mujeres extensivo hacia el mercado de trabajo. Asimismo, es necesario introducir en los contenidos la dimensión medio ambiental como transversal. La formación profesional es el nivel educativo con mayor potencial para trabajar en un enfoque medio ambiental debido a que se relaciona directamente con la actividad productiva o de servicios. (C4, C5, R1, R4)
• Ruta de inclusión laboral con enfoque en formación profesional dirigido a víctimas del conflicto armado interno en Colombia - Final evaluation Un manejo adecuado del Proyecto requiere de planificación en cuanto a objetivos, actividades y resultados en estricto apego a los productos establecidos en la Carta Acuerdo y la normativa OIT para manejo y evaluación de proyectos. De esta manera se podrá visibilizar el aporte técnico de la OIT, se podrán identificar las acciones necesarias para el alcance de cada objetivo/producto. Esto también ayudará a hacer una gestión adecuada del conocimiento puesto que permitiría identificar los productos como resultado de acciones y procesos específicos y a partir de ahí realizar los ajustes necesarios. Para un proyecto de tan corta duración, un manejo adecuado del conocimiento es fundamental. (C1, C3, C4, R1)
• Ruta de inclusión laboral con enfoque en formación profesional dirigido a víctimas del conflicto armado interno en Colombia - Final evaluation El reto de la pandemia ha permitido probar nuevas formas de trabajo para impartir clases y para manejar el Proyecto. La posibilidad de intercambio entre gestores territoriales (IETDH, COLEX) ha mejorado la gestión horizontal del Proyecto permitiendo el aprendizaje conjunto. Por otra parte, la posibilidad de participar en actividades de formación sin necesidad de la presencia física abre espacio para pensar en acciones de formación semipresenciales que permitan alcanzar a grupos más necesitados y/o llegar a lugares alejados. Esto posibilita pensar en nuevas formas de crecimiento horizontal. (C6, BP1, R3)
• Ruta de inclusión laboral con enfoque en formación profesional dirigido a víctimas del conflicto armado interno en Colombia - Final evaluation Los resultados en inserción muestran que es necesario fortalecer el trabajo interinstitucional en el nivel territorial para identificar los cuellos de botella que están impidiendo el registro de los participantes en el SPE. Asimismo, es necesario escuchar las sugerencias en territorio de los mandantes y canalizarlas hacia las instituciones encargadas de definir las políticas: Ministerio de Educación. Ministerio de Trabajo, SENA, SPE. (C3, R4)
• Mainstreaming Employment into Trade and Investment in the Southern Neighbourhood - Midterm evaluation Building effective personal relationships and trust with people lead to success of the project performance.
• Mainstreaming Employment into Trade and Investment in the Southern Neighbourhood - Midterm evaluation Results of the project studies/assessments could be owned and internalized by the national stakeholders if those studies were produced in a highly consultative manner and with due validation of the findings.
• Independent Clustered Evaluation of Vision Zero Fund projects in the global coffee supply chain LL.1 Training and, in general, virtual communication have made it easier to establish contact with new individual and/or institutional actors because it is quicker and easier; it is a form of communication that arrived almost forced by the circumstances of the pandemic, and apparently to stay for a long time. However, it should be considered that connectivity is not the same in all places, which can make virtual communication difficult: in some areas, especially rural areas farther away from cities, there is no internet, it is intermittent or slow, or the people to whom the trainings are addressed do not have a computer. In addition, it is important to analyse the possible disadvantages of virtual training compared to face-to-face training in terms of the attention, retention and learning capacity of the participants.
• Independent Clustered Evaluation of Vision Zero Fund projects in the global coffee supply chain LL.2 The institutionalisation of some achievements of the Projects, such as the improvement of national legal and regulatory frameworks, in the enforcement of regulations and/or in the design and/or implementation of national public policies/programmes/strategies to promote OSH in the supply chains of coffee sector workers, implied not only having generated links with formal bodies (Commissions, Committees) but mainly carrying out advocacy and follow-up actions to ensure that the reports/studies prepared and presented in these bodies are used as inputs for the discussion of public policies and the design of programmes/projects.
• Independent Clustered Evaluation of Vision Zero Fund projects in the global coffee supply chain Implementing the collective action approach in agriculture requires the development of effective strategies that allow the voices of the different actors in the chain to be heard. This is a particularly sensitive issue in agriculture in developing countries, where small farmers and agricultural workers (especially seasonal workers) do not have mechanisms for their demands to be considered in public policies.
• Independent Clustered Evaluation of Vision Zero Fund projects in the global coffee supply chain Factors beyond the scope of project interventions that may limit their ability to achieve their objectives include: structural barriers to rural and agricultural development; underdeveloped rural labour markets; insufficient youth labour force; reduced organisational capacity and agency of rural workers; and structural limitations for coffee farm workers to access social protection.
• Independent Clustered Evaluation of Vision Zero Fund projects in the global coffee supply chain It has been difficult to turn MNE opportunities for collaboration into concrete plans, due, among other reasons, to different institutional configurations and decision-making structures. This applies mainly to the project in Latin America, as Nestlé has been involved in Vietnam to improve OSH and social protection for coffee farmers Given this situation, the VZF; (i) realised that MNCs engagement with the Fund can not only be relevant as donors, but can take various forms; (ii) has engaged with local suppliers and representatives of global buyers; and (iii) is increasingly emphasising engagement with industry associations or multi-stakeholder initiatives with broad private sector membership; and (iv) in the Vietnam Project, a private sector engagement strategy was devised to engage with the private sector; and (iii) is increasingly emphasising engagement with industry partnerships or multi-stakeholder initiatives with broad private sector membership; and (iv) a private sector engagement strategy was designed in the Vietnam Project and is being implemented as of May 2021, with the collaboration of Nestlé, other MNCs and the GCP.
• ILO’s Technical Assistance on Labour Law Reform in Pacific Island Countries (2012-2018) - Thematic independent evaluation A complicated regional thematic evaluation requires thorough preparation for data collection and adequate mobilization of stakeholders for participation. When there is a weak M&E system, an evaluability assessment should be considered before conducting the actual evaluation in order to reduce uncertainty about evaluation investment and achieve cost-effectiveness.
• ILO’s Technical Assistance on Labour Law Reform in Pacific Island Countries (2012-2018) - Thematic independent evaluation Multiple factors can affect the process of LLR. Among them, one lesson learned is that “ownership” of the LLR process should not be confined to labour ministries without reference to other public-sector stakeholders, including Ministers and legislatures.
• MPTF COVID: Healthy Socio-Economic Recovery of the Micro and Small Enterprise Sector of Sri Lanka (COVID-19) - Final joint evaluation The project-set-up with a large number of very diverse activities was relevant and effective for a short-term immediate response project with several pilot elements, but follow-up projects should be more targeted.
• MPTF COVID: Healthy Socio-Economic Recovery of the Micro and Small Enterprise Sector of Sri Lanka (COVID-19) - Final joint evaluation Both Direct and Indirect Value Chain Financing (VCF) was found less suitable for an immediate response project with a short implementation time barring the pilot approach employed here. The project attempted to follow-up indirect VCF but was not successful as it would have taken too much time to convince the banks and other financial institutions to become directly involved. The same can be said of the direct VCF approach employed in the project on a pilot basis: it also took time to convince the large buyers to become really involved and make available their own funds for loans to MSE suppliers to make sure that they continue their work and that the value chain kept on functioning.
• Independent evaluation of the first phase of the ILO global flagship programme on building social protection floors for all (2016 – 2020) The Programme has made efforts to advocate for social protection and has effectively communicated on social protection floors through various modalities and instruments. However, the lack of a dedicated pillar or programme outcome and limited capacities have (i) lowered the reach and visibility of the Programme at country level; and (ii) left significant room for increasing advocacy and communication on social protection floors in flagship countries.
• Independent evaluation of the first phase of the ILO global flagship programme on building social protection floors for all (2016 – 2020) The lack of a comprehensive results framework that encompasses all intended outcomes of the Programme, and particularly the global pillars, and is taken up and mainstreamed as appropriate in flagship projects reduces the opportunity for a shared ownership of the stated outcomes. Furthermore, it induces extra efforts to consolidate results, and to scale and manage knowledge created at country level.
• Independent evaluation of the first phase of the ILO global flagship programme on building social protection floors for all (2016 – 2020) Designing and operationalizing a coherent impact monitoring framework that covers different types of strategic, legal and policy, and technical interventions throughout the world is likely to confront data gaps in many countries. Impact monitoring requires dedicated and integrated efforts, including institutional development and capacity building at country level with project partners that can benefit from being considered as one specific component of project interventions.
• Independent evaluation of the first phase of the ILO global flagship programme on building social protection floors for all (2016 – 2020) Systematizing the use of a Results Monitoring Tool (RMT) requires devising and implementing a multi-faceted approach that goes beyond the improvement of an IT platform and delivery of trainings. It also needs to consider mainstreaming the tool in (i) PRODOCs and therefore establishing a minimum level of consistency between the project results framework and Project Monitoring Plan, and the RMT; (ii) job descriptions so as to make explicit the responsibility to ensure that the RMT is kept up to date; (iii) the work plans of the offices; (iv) and in resource mobilization and advocacy efforts, including with development of joint branding and communication tools, success stories, champions, etc.
• Independent evaluation of the first phase of the ILO global flagship programme on building social protection floors for all (2016 – 2020) The rapid growth of the Programme and an expanding GTT increased the need for a solid induction process to speed up on-boarding and shorten the learning curve, and to facilitate the adoption of a common body of knowledge that can contribute to contextualized service delivery but consistent quality across the GTT. This creates also additional opportunities for fostering knowledge sharing among GTT members with a view to tap an enlarged pool of experiences and expertise and country situations. This also puts into light the opportunity to unpack and spell out a knowledge management agenda that can adequately account for an expanding knowledge base.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient La ocurrencia de la pandemia del COVID-19 ha planteado una serie de desafíos inéditos a la capacidad de planificación y gestión de la OIT y sus equipos. El análisis de la experiencia de los proyectos RBSA y USAID, ha evidenciado la necesidad de que la OIT cuente con medidas y protocolos de “emergencia” que puedan ser activados en situaciones atípicas e imprevistas. Adicionalmente, las estructuras institucionales de gestión de la OIT y de los proyectos mismos deben estar preparadas para dar respuestas a contexto o elementos no previstos, tomando en cuenta las dinámicas particulares de cada país y actores involucrados, sean políticas, económicas, sociales o sanitarias.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient Las nuevas orientaciones de los proyectos se basaron en una combinación de acertados diagnósticos y medidas marcadas por la flexibilidad y la adaptación al contexto de la crisis. Un ejemplo de ellos fue la manera cómo se manejó tanto el componente de “asistencia” (vía bonos humanitarios para la sobrevivencia), como el componente de emprendimiento que incluyó aspectos claves como el ofrecimiento de capital semilla (de maneras diferentes en Perú y Ecuador, tomando en cuenta los contextos de cada país). Así, el grado de flexibilidad determinado en el diseño de los proyectos por parte de los equipos de OIT permitieron generar una respuesta oportuna ante un contexto de crisis y emergencia como el generado por la pandemia el año 2020.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient El abordaje de la temática laboral y la integración social de grupos de migrantes, en particular en contextos como el vivido desde el año pasado, requiere un enfoque integral que combine inclusión socioeconómica, asistencia y ayuda humanitaria, enfoque de no discriminación y cohesión social. Existe, sin embargo, la necesidad de establecer mecanismos y metodologías específicas –por ejemplo, basadas en diagnósticos rápidos- que permitan realizar una adecuada caracterización de las necesidades de la población objetivo, y, a partir de ahí, diseñar una combinación de instrumentos idóneos para atenderlas.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient Una de las principales lecciones aprendidas del proyecto tiene que ver con la necesidad de sistematizar la práctica desarrollada en el mismo -en todas sus etapas de formulación, implementación y evaluación-. Eso implica incorporar desde la etapa de la planificación los instrumentos y recursos necesarios para cumplir con esa labor. Sólo una adecuada sistematización del proyecto permitirá identificar sus logros y mostrarlos “hacia afuera” bajo una propuesta coherente de modelos de gestión y políticas.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient El esquema de gestión “delegada” presenta un desafío que tiene que ver con la necesidad de establecer con claridad un sistema de monitoreo y evaluación directamente articulado a la gestión conducida por el socio implementador. Se pudo notar cierto paralelismo en el seguimiento de metas y actividades y falta de acciones orientadas a lograr sinergias. Todo indica que una mejor articulación de instrumentos –previa definición de criterios comunes- contribuiría a obtener información valiosa para el monitoreo o posterior evaluación. De hecho, por ejemplo, en el caso peruano, Alternativa tiene su propio sistema de monitoreo y evaluación de sus proyectos –el cual podría tener mayor articulación con el sistema diseñado por el equipo de la OIT-.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient Una de las principales lecciones aprendidas de la experiencia de ambos proyectos (RBSA y USAID) es que se requiere el cumplimiento de tres condiciones para garantizar un adecuado desarrollo y cumplimiento de objetivos de la experiencia: a) Una adecuada selección del socio implementador, sobre la base de su perfil institucional y su experiencia de trabajo. b) Un arreglo formal contractual adecuado (plasmado en Términos de Referencia suficientemente precisos y detallados) que garantice el cumplimiento de ciertos requisitos básicos inherentes al objetivo y los objetivos del proyecto/programa. c) Un sistema de monitoreo y supervisión que garantice el cumplimiento del acuerdo contractual y una adecuada gestión de resultados en campo.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient La experiencia del programa Emprende Segur@ ha permitido comprobar que sí es posible realizar “adecuaciones” y adaptaciones creativas de las metodologías “estándar” de la OIT. Tal fue el caso del SCORE cuya última versión es distinta a la que se aplicó en un inicio. Se pasó de ofrecer el paquete completo de cuadro módulos a tener un paquete recortado de sólo dos, aquéllos más pertinentes para la realidad de los micronegocios o microempresas bajo el actual contexto de pandemia: el mapa de riesgos –como exigencia para la obtención de la licencia de funcionamiento, camino a su formalización- y los protocolos de bioseguridad –para la gestión de los riesgos de salud-.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient Resulta clave la especificación en los Términos de Referencia respecto de las características que deben tenerse en cuenta en las distintas etapas y formas de intervención del Emprende Segur@ a fin de garantizar la presencia y aplicación de un enfoque de género y otros. Se observa en el caso de Emprende Segur@ que, si bien todos los actores son conscientes de la importancia de la inclusión del enfoque de género, las actividades de implementación no fueron acompañadas de la guía y monitoreo para asegurar su efectiva aplicación.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient De acuerdo con la evaluación y lo que se ha podido reconstruir (principalmente a través de las entrevistas), los proyectos contaron con encargados y expertos que colaboraron con el mismo, pero no con personal dedicado en exclusividad. De lo cual se deduce la necesidad que los proyectos cuenten con profesionales que puedan asumir con la dedicación necesaria el “ownership” desde el inicio hasta la puesta en marcha. La identificación del equipo requerido y su oportuna contratación deben ser parte fundamental del diseño e inicio de los proyectos. De manera similar, cuando se trata de un proyecto regional que involucra a más de un país, es importante contar desde el inicio, con un jefe de equipo que pueda asegurar la discusión interna, consideración de condiciones de cada país, y la visión conjunta.
• “Integración Económica de Migrantes y Refugiados Venezolanos en Perú y Ecuador con Trabajo Decente - evaluacion agrupa independient La evaluación muestra que resulta difícil lograr la consolidación de los emprendimientos y avanzar hacia su sostenibilidad si no se hace un trabajo paralelo con las instituciones del Estado, nivel nacional y subnacionales. Por ello, el desarrollo de proyectos como Emprende Segur@ requiere de un involucramiento con instituciones del Estado encargadas de diseñar el marco normativo y aplicar las políticas nacionales relativas a la problemática –en este caso del emprendedurismo, la migración y el acceso al crédito-. El caso de Ecuador muestra las ventajas de avanzar bajo una lógica de institucionalización del proyecto, desarrollando alianzas con actores clave como el Ministerio del Trabajo y Municipalidades y Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados. Este enfoque ha posibilitado la participación a nivel territorial y el fortalecimiento de capacidades para la generación e implementación de políticas públicas.
• ProAgro – Promotion of Decent Work in Agribusiness in Ethiopia and Morrocco - Midterm clustered evaluation L'approche globale des projets et leur orientation sont appropriées pour atteindre leurs objectifs dans les pays du projet et peuvent être reproduites dans d'autres pays, à l'exception des pays très fragiles. L'approche intégrée à travers les différents objectifs et avec le grand nombre de partenaires de différents types, bien que complexe, est faisable sur le plan organisationnel. Les niveaux élevés d'interactions formelles et informelles visant à renforcer les partenariats et à étendre le travail en réseau entre les partenaires eux-mêmes ont été utiles à cet égard.
• EU-ILO collaboration in the monitoring of labour aspects in the implementation of the EU’s rules of origin initiative for Jordan – Phase II - Final evaluation Although a work permit is essential in the job search of the Syrian refugee, nevertheless, the person face challenges in the labour market including competition between Syrians and Jordanians.
• EU-ILO collaboration in the monitoring of labour aspects in the implementation of the EU’s rules of origin initiative for Jordan – Phase II - Final evaluation An exit strategy should have been planned at the beginning of this project; the principal collaborators are the Ministry of Labour and the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Supply as well as the workers trade unions.
• EU-ILO collaboration in the monitoring of labour aspects in the implementation of the EU’s rules of origin initiative for Jordan – Phase II - Final evaluation Good management practices and communication have to be assured, whether the services provided by a subcontractor/service provider; clear lines of supervision as well as respect for colleagues are essential for the ESC to run smoothly.
• EU-ILO collaboration in the monitoring of labour aspects in the implementation of the EU’s rules of origin initiative for Jordan – Phase II - Final evaluation An exit strategy should be jointly planned with the stakeholders and agreed upon to clarify how the project will end or transform
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de las operaciones de la OIT de apoyo al trabajo decente en Guatemala, 2018-2019 Son factores críticos para la efectividad de un espacio formal de diálogo social: (a) la continua voluntad política y compromiso de todas las partes; (b) los mandantes cuenten con las capacidades necesarias e información relevante para discutir los temas de agenda; (c) que existan avances concretos en establecimiento y cumplimiento de acuerdos; y (d) que exista una gestión técnica y administrativa eficiente por parte de quien presida el espacio de diálogo.
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de las operaciones de la OIT de apoyo al trabajo decente en Guatemala, 2018-2019 Los proyectos que buscan incrementar los conocimientos y mejorar el desempeño de funcionarios públicos y de representantes de organizaciones de empleadores y trabajadores tienen que incluir en su diseño mecanismos e instrumentos para medir la magnitud de la mejora en los conocimientos y de los cambios en el desempeño.
• Evaluación agrupada independiente de las operaciones de la OIT de apoyo al trabajo decente en Guatemala, 2018-2019 Los proyectos que tienen entre sus resultados la elaboración de planes, políticas o normativas tienen que complementar sus estrategias técnicas para elaborar los mencionados instrumentos con estrategias de incidencia política para contribuir a que puedan ser aprobados y oficializados por el Congreso o el Poder Ejecutivo.
• Soporte técnico en formalización en México - Evaluación final independiente La estrategia de acompañamiento y asesoría a los dueños y trabajadores de micro negocios en sectores como el del comercio al por menor puede ser más efectiva si se toman en cuenta los aprendizajes de experiencias de formalización en América Latina.
• Soporte técnico en formalización en México - Evaluación final independiente Todo proyecto que tiene como objetivo principal el fortalecimiento de las capacidades institucionales de los mandantes (para formalizar empresas y trabajadores, en el caso del proyecto evaluado), debe identificar desde su diseño cuáles son las capacidades que espera generar o fortalecer y cuáles son los mecanismos que se piensan utilizar para medir este resultado.
• Soporte técnico en formalización en México - Evaluación final independiente La coordinación oportuna y el trabajo conjunto con otras instituciones puede contribuir a mejorar la efectividad de un Proyecto (mayores resultados e impactos) y también su eficiencia (inversión más eficiente de recursos). .
• Youth Employability Programme Component 2: Skills Initiative for Africa - Final evaluation LEVERAGING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL PARTNERSHIPS FACILITATES ACCESS TO KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND ENHANCES THE IMPLEMENTATION. It emerges from the reports and interviews that leveraging the influence and privileged access of both internal and external partners to key stakeholders and constituents were important factors in the project’s smooth implementation. For instance, to mitigate the political challenges in Gabon and Tanzania, the ILO and AUDA-NEPAD wrote joint letters to the Ministries of Foreign Affairs asking for assistance in facilitating country level processes. In other cases, the project worked with ILO Country Offices to reach out to the responsible government ministries and were introduced at very high level. An example of this approach is the Director of the ILO Country Office in Zambia writing to the Minister of Labour to introduce the project.
• Youth Employability Programme Component 2: Skills Initiative for Africa - Final evaluation ALLOCATING THE ROLE TO LEAD THE PROCESS TO NATIONAL CONSTITUENTS, IN COMBINATION WITH A “PEN-HOLDER” APPROACH, ENCOURAGES OWNERSHIP AND CONTRIBUTES TO EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION.The key lesson drawn from experiences in Eswatini, Ghana, and Zimbabwe was that the national task teams in these countries were able to secure high level of ownership. Allowing the task teams to own and lead the process, with the ILO supporting and giving direction as a “pen-holder”, helped secure strong national ownership of both the process and its output in form of the national action plans. In all three countries the task teams were able to secure ownership also on the level of management and political leadership, by involving the principal secretaries in the Ministries of Labour and Ministry of Education.
• Appui à la sensibilisation, à la formation, à l’organisation des bénéficiaires, à l’animation rurale, au développement des compétences et à l’autonomisation économique des ... - Final evaluation A l’absence d’une compétence exclusivement dédiée au suivi évaluation, il a été difficile d’analyser de manière complète le progrès réalisé par le projet et ce dernier a connu un handicap majeur pour le suivi des activités et la mise en place de la plupart des outils de planification et suivi-évaluation
• Appui à la sensibilisation, à la formation, à l’organisation des bénéficiaires, à l’animation rurale, au développement des compétences et à l’autonomisation économique des ... - Final evaluation L’ancrage des interventions de ce projet au niveau des services étatiques (niveau local) et le renforcement des capacités ont favorisé l’appropriation par ces derniers de certaines initiatives appuyées par ce projet (TRIE, CREE, GERME, GERME1,etc).
• Appui à la sensibilisation, à la formation, à l’organisation des bénéficiaires, à l’animation rurale, au développement des compétences et à l’autonomisation économique des ... - Final evaluation L’absence de partage des informations relatives au projet à tous les niveaux et à toutes les parties prenantes, y compris les jeunes entrepreneurs ne permet pas une meilleure appropriation, ne renforce pas redevabilité et augmente les préjugés
• Appui à la sensibilisation, à la formation, à l’organisation des bénéficiaires, à l’animation rurale, au développement des compétences et à l’autonomisation économique des ... - Final evaluation L’organisation de la communauté autour des activités d’intérêt commun est un facteur déterminant dans la consolidation de la paix et cohésion sociale .Les campagnes de sensibilisation ont mobilisé les communautés à travers des causeries et débats-échanges autour des thèmes spécifiques ou problèmes touchant leur quotidien
• Enhanced capacity of government and social partners to reduce child labour and improve occupational safety and health in Syria - cluster evaluation with RBSA components Capacity building workshops combined with tripartite South-South study tours are an effective method of capacity building for OSH and labour inspection
• Enhanced capacity of government and social partners to reduce child labour and improve occupational safety and health in Syria - cluster evaluation with RBSA components Project design in fragile states needs to take into account the practical realities of project implementation in such contexts
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) programme, Phase III - Final evaluation Not all countries underwent systematically a feasibility study for Phase III (e.g. to test assumptions related to the lead buyer model). Stronger contextual analysis, usually conducted during a feasibility study, allows a programme to define, at each phase and in each country, an intervention design that facilitates change (in this case an enabling environment for SMEs). This allows to set the ground for technical, institutional and financial sustainability, notably measuring financial sustainability. The programme did not systematically invest in “fertile” environments that can realistically foster intended outcomes and impact. In some countries, general assumptions were true, in others not. While Evaluation data shows that the programme notably plans to analyse and assess financial and operational sustainability of implementation partners at the end of Phase III, this should be done prior to country / implementing partner selection.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) programme, Phase III - Final evaluation The programme developed a robust output-oriented M&E system rather than a more impact-oriented system. As a consequence, significant resources (in terms of time, human resources and efforts) have been allocated without being able to generate outcome- and impact-data. Collecting the latter is crucial in order to monitor change most effectively throughout the intervention, test causal steps and verify assumptions. Monitoring outcome-driven data allows to ultimately generate more impact through corrective action. The latter is to be undertaken on a regular basis and/or at an earlier stage. Pursuing quantitative targets that have weak relationships to outcomes affect the programme’s cost effectiveness and sustainability. There is the risk that output indicators may suggest a more positive picture about sustainability than it perhaps is the case. For such a complex programme requiring significant costs, it is particularly essential that a robust change management strategy developed by experts in the subject matter underlies the Theory of Change and the M&E system - taking into consideration that change is a non-linear process. The Theory of change should take into consideration the causal mechanism that underlies sustainable systems change. It should also integrate individual behavioural change, which is crucial when creating an enabling environment for SMEs to develop export and domestic industrial sectors.
• Accès universel à la protection sociale, à la santé et la sécurité au travail (2020-2024) - Midterm evaluation Alignement entre les objectifs stratégiques et la conception d’un projet.L’appropriation du projet par les partenaires nationaux est renforcée par son intégration dans leur structure de gouvernance et de planification. La prise en main et la mise en œuvre d’un projet par les parties nationales est facilitée par de nombreux facteurs au titre desquels une contribution à la planification et au suivi du projet; un leadership et une contribution à la réalisation d’activités comme la coordination intersectorielle, les révisions réglementaires, la conduite d’études, le plaidoyer; la participation à la réception des activités de soutien technique comme le développement des capacités ou le partage d’expériences. Afin de faciliter l’exécution de ces interventions, il est préférable qu’elles s’intègrent en amont dans le plan de travail annuel et la budgétisation des institutions partenaires de telle façon à ce que le projet constitue un appui à leur réalisation et ne représente pas une charge venant s’ajouter aux objectifs institutionnels déjà convenus se confrontant à une capacité d’absorption limitée.
• Accès universel à la protection sociale, à la santé et la sécurité au travail (2020-2024) - Midterm evaluation Alignement entre les objectifs stratégiques et la conception d’un projet.La mise en œuvre d’un projet peut bénéficier d’une approche programmatique qui tirera dès lors avantage à en adopter certains outils mais doit préserver une lecture désagrégée des contributions et résultats. La mise en relation de plusieurs projets afin de créer des complémentarités participant à des objectifs communs contribue à une démarche programmatique qui peut avoir intérêt à s’appuyer sur une cartographie de l’ensemble des acteurs et sur une analyse systémique du secteur, ainsi que sur une théorie du changement conjointe afin de présenter un périmètre d’intervention partagé et de renforcer la cohérence entre les produits et résultats des différents projets. Cette approche doit cependant conserver la possibilité d’un rapportage annuel différencié et spécifique mettant en avant les attributions et contributions des différents projets afin de ne pas minorer les contraintes rencontrées au cours de la mise en œuvre. À défaut, cela véhiculerait par exemple le risque de laisser entendre qu’il est possible d’obtenir des résultats significatifs avec des ressources limitées et d’établir un nouveau benchmark pour de futurs partenariats.
• Accès universel à la protection sociale, à la santé et la sécurité au travail (2020-2024) - Midterm evaluation Alignement entre les objectifs stratégiques et la conception d’un projet. La mise en œuvre d’un projet dont les ressources sont limitées peut bénéficier d’une approche phasée afin de constituer dans un premier temps une réserve budgétaire qui assurera une plus forte capacité d’intervention dans la période suivante mais cette démarche reste confrontée à d’importantes contraintes tendant à indiquer qu’il est préférable d’éviter d’initier un projet en combinant divers éléments disparates ayant des cadences de financement distinctes. Un projet dont le budget impose d’arbitrer entre l’affectation de capacités nécessaires à sa coordination ou l’exécution des activités figurant au plan de travail peut tirer parti de synergies avec des projets connexes de telle façon à partiellement combler le gap en ressources et appuyer la mise en œuvre ou réaliser certaines interventions. À ce titre, le séquençage organisé par le département de la protection sociale de l’OIT (SOCPRO) s’apparente à une optimisation rationnelle sous contrainte financière. Toutefois cette approche ne lève pas toutes les limitations qu’induisent une sous-budgétisation. La première période de mise en œuvre du projet se confronte ainsi mécaniquement à l’exécution d’un nombre réduit d’activités et à des progrès limités par rapport aux objectifs de développement. La seconde étape quant à elle concentre la majeure partie des ressources quand les changements au niveau des politiques (par exemple en protection sociale) nécessitent des interventions et actions soutenues pendant une période supérieure à la durée restant au projet (par exemple, au moins 3 à 4 ans).
• Improved human resources development and employment policies, with particular attention to youth, women and migrants - RBSA independent evaluation Projects showing effects predominantly on longer term and very little under the control of the implementing agency or beneficiary partner will need special attention in the design phase, especially on the design of performance indicators.
• Improved human resources development and employment policies, with particular attention to youth, women and migrants - RBSA independent evaluation Systemic interventions need time in order to consolidate progress. These type of interventions need to build an enabling environment (including a shift in policy vision, legislative and institutional changes, policy coordination, adapted budget) for the reform to take place, to strengthen the balance between supply and demand of services, to encourage a shift in social norms and to promote quality of services.
• Improved human resources development and employment policies, with particular attention to youth, women and migrants - RBSA independent evaluation A project that is devoting an important amount of resources to designing strategies, plans and institutional tools need to be implemented in a flexible manner (i.e. adapting the project to new request of the Government and social partners) and to explore the existence of a strong local ownership in order to ensure embedding of these instruments in the future practice of the beneficiaries. This may include sharing information about the new approaches beyond the narrow group of specialists and professionals.
• Promoting youth employment opportunities for refugees and host community with employment-intensive construction works in Mauritania - Final evaluation Crisis or pandemic situations can be economic opportunities. Far from being weakened by the negative impact of the social distancing measures following the COVID-19, the ILO has taken advantage of this situation to build the capacity of the tailors and provide them with additional financial resources.
• Promoting youth employment opportunities for refugees and host community with employment-intensive construction works in Mauritania - Final evaluation Flexibility in design and implementation proved to be very beneficial for the effective achievement of the expected results, given the participatory approach followed in all phases of the project cycle. The active participation of all national stakeholders in this adaptation process allowed the constant alignment of activities with their needs and priorities, which had a clear impact on the ownership of the results.
• Promoting youth employment opportunities for refugees and host community with employment-intensive construction works in Mauritania - Final evaluation The administrative burden has a significant impact on project implementation. The project has been delayed by, among other things, cumbersome payments to certain service providers (MSEs) and the recruitment of staff. It is necessary to take into account these factors, which have a negative impact on the implementation of the project.
• Promoting youth employment opportunities for refugees and host community with employment-intensive construction works in Mauritania - Final evaluation Inter-Agency collaboration enables relevant projects to be formulated. The project is the result of collaboration between the ILO and UNHCR. This framework of collaboration has enabled the needs of the refugee and host communities to be better identified. The project has benefited from the experience and knowledge of previous ILO projects as well as from the financial resources of ongoing projects in the Moughataa of Bassikounou. This approach should be supported.
• Clustered Evaluation of the Sida-Funded Interventions under Outcome 1 (2018-2019), Phase I ILO-SIDA Partnership Programme, 2018-2021 - Final evaluation The “catalytic” nature of ILO-SIDA Partnership funding enables it to be responsive to country needs and deliver promising outputs that can serve to support further funding.
• Clustered Evaluation of the Sida-Funded Interventions under Outcome 1 (2018-2019), Phase I ILO-SIDA Partnership Programme, 2018-2021 - Final evaluation There is an added value of long-term financial commitment to countries that have benefitted from more than once cycle of the ILO-SIDA Partnership. This is especially true with respect to the sustained capacity building needed to move from the development of a NEP and effective sectoral skills strategies to their implementation.
• Clustered Evaluation of the Sida-Funded Interventions under Outcome 1 (2018-2019), Phase I ILO-SIDA Partnership Programme, 2018-2021 - Final evaluation Greater partnership and ownership of the implementation of NEPs and skills strategies are reinforced through social dialogue and the tripartite approach. Social dialogue has ensured greater participation from employers and trade unions in employment policies, programmes, strategies, mechanisms, and standards.
• Clustered Evaluation of the Sida-Funded Interventions under Outcome 1 (2018-2019), Phase I ILO-SIDA Partnership Programme, 2018-2021 - Final evaluation The tripartite approach is pivotal in providing existing partners with exposure to opportunities (engaging in policy dialogue, policy implementation, regional employment issues, etc.) that are otherwise unavailable to them. For example, the tripartite process has been influential in leveraging the position of employers and trade unions in wider country initiatives.
• Clustered Evaluation of the Sida-Funded Interventions under Outcome 1 (2018-2019), Phase I ILO-SIDA Partnership Programme, 2018-2021 - Final evaluation The formulation of competency and curriculum standards is pivotal in strengthening the government’s capacity to bridge the skills gap in key labour market sectors that experience the most growth.
• Decent Jobs for Egypt’s Young People - Final evaluation Replacing direct financial incentives with competition prizes attracted women with passion and dedication towards their businesses to join, raising the quality of program participants.
• Decent Jobs for Egypt’s Young People - Final evaluation The ILO successfully utilized the COVID-19 period in re-evaluating the project and bringing new ideas on the ground, adopting innovative mitigation strategies (e.g., applying the business clinics) and responding to the key stakeholders emerging needs.
• ACTION/Portugal (Phase 2): Strengthening of the Social Protection Systems of the PALOP and Timor-Leste - Final evaluation (English) The physical presence of experts dedicated to the Project in the beneficiary countries favours the establishment of relationships of trust with the beneficiary entities, and potentiates more significant and sustainable advances in the proposed objectives, especially in the pandemic context.
• ACTION/Portugal (Phase 2): Strengthening of the Social Protection Systems of the PALOP and Timor-Leste - Final evaluation (English) In the context of beneficiary countries at different stages of sector development, as well as with different levels of political commitment, the establishment of differentiated annual targets is relevant so as to enable all beneficiaries to achieve tangible results.
• ACTION/Portugal (Phase 2): Strengthening of the Social Protection Systems of the PALOP and Timor-Leste - Final evaluation (English) The absence of a structured communication and visibility strategy hinders the correct national and international projection of the project, donor and beneficiaries, as well as the good practices generated during implementation. This limits, on the one hand, the appropriation of results by beneficiary entities, and on the other hand, the potential replicability of the project in contexts outside the CPLP.
• Improving labour laws and labour administration for new industrial relations framework in full respect of the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at work - Final evaluation The project experienced serious delay in the first year, which contributed to delays in implementation.
• Improving labour laws and labour administration for new industrial relations framework in full respect of the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at work - Final evaluation The scope and complexity of intervention should be designed while taking fully into account the implementation capacity of the project team and the project duration.
• Proyecto de generación de ingresos que promuevan la reconversión de personas que distribuyen combustibles sin cumplir requisitos legales - Evaluación final Es muy importante el carácter integral de un programa de formación (que incluya no solo formación específica, sino también nivelación de competencias, fortalecimiento de habilidades blandas, formación complementaria en derechos fundamentales de trabajo) porque, entre otras razones, suele ser bien valorados por los/as participantes. Pero también es importante considerar, al definir la malla de servicios y el contenido específico de la formación, cuál debe ser la intensidad y carga horaria, tomando en cuenta que está destinada a personas que, en general, tienen un bajo nivel educativo, no están acostumbradas a recibir este tipo de formación y que, en muchos casos, tienen en su hogar responsabilidades de generación de ingresos o de cuidado de hijos menores u otros familiares, que pueden limitar su participación en las actividades del programa de formación.
• Proyecto de generación de ingresos que promuevan la reconversión de personas que distribuyen combustibles sin cumplir requisitos legales - Evaluación final (4) El recojo de información relevante sobre los efectos del Proyecto en las unidades productivas (negocios) y en la vida laboral y social de los/as participantes requiere esperar un tiempo prudencial desde que finaliza la intervención. Las diferentes herramientas de monitoreo y seguimiento que ha aplicado el Proyecto durante la intervención y hasta 3 meses después han sido muy importantes para medir cambios en conocimientos, satisfacción, resultados de corto plazo con relación al uso de los activos entregados, pero para medir estos efectos en los negocios y en la vida laboral y social se requieren otro tipo de encuestas y sobre todo que sean aplicadas entre 6 y 12 meses después de la finalización del Proyecto.
• Proyecto de generación de ingresos que promuevan la reconversión de personas que distribuyen combustibles sin cumplir requisitos legales - Evaluación final (1)Un proceso de convocatoria, focalización y selección de participantes cuyo insumo inicial sean Bases de Datos de potenciales participantes de características similares a los pimpineros, debe considerar un tiempo prudencial para revisar y actualizar estas Bases, tomando en cuenta posibles limitaciones como: (i) las Bases no tienen datos de contacto de los/as posibles participantes y, por lo tanto, es muy difícil tomar contacto con ellos/as; (ii) en algunos territorios es difícil identificar a la población objetivo, ya que no están organizados y no quieren reconocer que realizan una actividad ilegal; (iii) en algunos territorios, en los últimos años puede haberse reducido ostensiblemente la cantidad de personas que se dedican a la actividad ilegal; y (iv) algunas personas pueden no estar interesadas en participar del Proyecto, porque no están acostumbrados al esquema de intervención propuesto
• Proyecto de generación de ingresos que promuevan la reconversión de personas que distribuyen combustibles sin cumplir requisitos legales - Evaluación final (2) En el componente de emprendimiento, el espacio de una feria de venta al consumidor final no necesariamente se adapta al modelo de negocio de aquellos emprendimientos como tiendas, productos industriales o animales (comunes entre los/as participantes del Proyecto); asimismo, las ruedas de negocio no siempre son las estrategias más apropiadas, sino que depende, entre otros factores, del estado de maduración de los negocios y de que cuenten con sus activos productivos más relevantes. También se debe tomar en cuenta que las empresas muy pequeñas (de supervivencia) no suelen participar en este tipo de espacios, mientras que, en caso de las empresas grandes, el problema es otro: suelen hacer pedidos y comprar en grandes volúmenes, y los negocios de los/as participantes en general no están preparados para atender estos pedidos.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for India: 2007-2012 (Vol. 1: Main Report) Lessons learned with respect to relevance were: 1) the DWCP as a programme framework enhances the relevance and ownership of ILO activities in the country; and 2) the context analysis, while aligned to national priorities, should take into account the challenges and opportunities with regard to all four pillars of the Decent Work agenda.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for India: 2007-2012 (Vol. 1: Main Report) Lessons learned with respect to coherence were: 1) the DWCP helps the ILO Decent Work Team for South Asia and ILO Country Office for India (DWT/CO–New Delhi) to focus on normative work. The DWT/CO–New Delhi needs to increase its decent work advocacy efforts and outreach in collaboration with government, other tripartite constituents and social partners; and 2) Coherence and synergy of ILO’s activities with national priorities, legislation, government programmes, and other social partners’ activities helps to increase impact and sustainability.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for India: 2007-2012 (Vol. 1: Main Report) One lesson learned in the area of effectiveness was that demand-driven products and services are more likely to achieve results, transfer ownership and attain higher sustainability.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for India: 2007-2012 (Vol. 1: Main Report) With regard to efficiency, the lessons learned are (i) the identification of risks and mitigation strategies are key in increasing efficiency; and (ii) the division of labour and internal/external communication strategies have an impact on organizational effectiveness and implementation efficiency.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for India: 2007-2012 (Vol. 1: Main Report) An overall lesson learned is that the DWCP document should be developed as a strategy document and should contain the interconnectedness of the results at different levels of the results framework. It should also spell out the roles of tripartite constituents and development partners in achieving the outcomes.
• Strengthening Capacity of Somali Trade Unions to promote decent employment, peace and resilience in Somalia - Final evaluation The engagement and links with other agencies to increase outreach and impact on occupation and decent work empowerment of workers in Somalia. The project has therefore developed a resource base on educators who can be utilized post the project.
• Strengthening Capacity of Somali Trade Unions to promote decent employment, peace and resilience in Somalia - Final evaluation The importance of labour unions in promoting worker welfare and defending their collective interests. Workers belonging to the trade unions benefitted from FESTU’s lobbying of the federal government of Somalia to recognise workers’ shared needs and wellbeing.
• Strengthening Capacity of Somali Trade Unions to promote decent employment, peace and resilience in Somalia - Final evaluation Without government support, implementation of projects is not easy in Somalia. The project had the total support of the government as evidenced by their participation in and support for the various strategic project interventions and policies – this shows local ownership and much needed encouragement for the key stakeholders taking much interest in project interventions.
• Strengthening Capacity of Somali Trade Unions to promote decent employment, peace and resilience in Somalia - Final evaluation The importance of local ownership of project during implementation. Project activities that were to be carried out by the ILO were handed over to FESTU. In spite of the activity overload, the implementing partners applied themselves fully and ensured that the project’s objectives were attained.
• Outcome-based funding support to ILO projects in the field of employment and skills, social dialogue and labour relations protection for all at work, gender equality and equal... Cluster evaluation The targeting of the beneficiaries is key to enhance the multiplier effect of some of the actions. For instance, the training of trainers allows to reach out to a higher number of beneficiaries. This sor t of strategies could be applied to other international and countries initiatives...
• Outcome-based funding support to ILO projects in the field of employment and skills, social dialogue and labour relations protection for all at work, gender equality and equal... Cluster evaluation The development of research at a global level and the development of tools and instruments for diagnosis and measurement faci litate it adaptation at the national level and enrich the organization' s work. It also legitimizes ILO´ s role before the Constituents and reinforces and improves its visibility and relevance in the world of work in the 21st century. The ILO' s work and support in Colombia and Ecuador in the digit al platforms sector benefits directly from the flagship report " World Employment and Social Outlook 2021: The role of digital labour platforms in transforming the world of work" . There is a relatively new issue and ILO produces the first comprehensive repo rt globally, which encourages countries to request ILO' s assistance.
• Outcome-based funding support to ILO projects in the field of employment and skills, social dialogue and labour relations protection for all at work, gender equality and equal... Cluster evaluation The outcome-based approach is highly responsive in a crisis. It allows for adapting the initiatives carried out within a programme withou t putting the goals at risk. This applies to global-level products and to the actions implemented at the country level
• Outcome-based funding support to ILO projects in the field of employment and skills, social dialogue and labour relations protection for all at work, gender equality and equal... Cluster evaluation The experience of developing training projects in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic showed the need to develop learning resources that could be channelled into a dual modality. In the first place through training actions programm ed with a group of participants and the teacher' s active and continuous t utoring, either face-to-face or in distance mode through digital channels. Secondly, through processes or open calls for self-learning, tutored or not, which allow the autonomous approach of knowledge by people interested in the subjects and areas of knowledge. After the identification of this need for change in the way of designing and producing training resources, an important number of new training modules were developed during the past biennium in IRToolkit including learning resources for facilitators or teachers to develop classroom experiences, either virtual or face-to-face, along with materials suitable for their development autonomously. by the participants, including interactive activities or the use of audio-visual resources to generate greater engagement and thereby reduce the dropout rate of the training processes.
• Outcome-based funding support to ILO projects in the field of employment and skills, social dialogue and labour relations protection for all at work, gender equality and equal... Cluster evaluation Incorporate a holistic intervention approach in the interventions design, especially a country level, to promote the integrat e use of global products The experience in developing local interventions over the past few years and especially in this biennium, in a mixed way between field specialists and HQ teams, has led to a widely shar ed reflection on the need to incorporate a more holistic intervention approach. This approach should contemplate in a global way, on the one hand, the previous diagnosis of the situation of the local context to design an intervention and, in addition, prom ote the integrated use of the different global products. In any case, it is proposed that this integration of resources and methodologies is always carried out in a contextualized way to the field and ensures to take advantage of each resource depending on the opportunities generated at the local level to establish stable and long-term intervention processes
• Outcome-based funding support to ILO projects in the field of employment and skills, social dialogue and labour relations protection for all at work, gender equality and equal... Cluster evaluation ILO has had a pivotal role in supporting and guiding governments and other institutions in the context of Covid. The role of the ILO-SIDA partnership has had a key role as it has developed global tools and reports of high impact that have provided insights around the new context. In general terms, it can be asserted that the ILO is one of the international bodies that has been at the forefront of the global labour market discourse.
• Outcome-based funding support to ILO projects in the field of employment and skills, social dialogue and labour relations protection for all at work, gender equality and equal... Cluster evaluation Following the recommendations and contributions from previous evaluations the reinforcement of the transition from the global products to the field initiatives can be considered successfu l. In this regard there have been some pilot projects in Cambodia with a high potential to be transferred to other territories, pro grammes or projects.
• Vision Zero Fund - Myanmar - Midterm evaluation The Inception Phase of the Myanmar VZF-OSH project was positive in that solid assessments were made of the value chains considered for inclusion in the project, but negative in the sense that an inception phase which is separate from the project itself leads to many delays in the interim period especially related to the approval procedures of the PRODOC.
• Vision Zero Fund - Myanmar - Midterm evaluation The volatility of the prices for agricultural products makes it difficult to properly plan project components. For example, one group of ginger entrepreneurs in South Shan State build a complete cleaning and packaging plant for ginger but it is now unused as the price of ginger is much too high and international buyers are buying ginger in other countries.
• Strengthening of Social Protection Systems in the PALOP and Timor-Leste - Final evaluation A ausência de um planeamento das atividades nacionais para a totalidade do período de vigência do projeto dificulta a visualização da meta a alcançar pelos destinatários do projeto e causa entropia nas negociações com os destinatários e parceiros estratégicos . O planeamento das atividades do país para a totalidade da vigência do projeto permite uma articulação mais sustentável com os parceiros, ao mesmo tempo que permite focalizar a meta a alcançar.
• Strengthening of Social Protection Systems in the PALOP and Timor-Leste - Final evaluation O apoio de um pivot nacional, reconhecido pelos pares, para introduzir e acompanhar os consultores ou a equipa de projeto nos ministérios, aumenta a recetividade dos interlocutores e agiliza os trabalhos. O apoio de um interlocutor reconhecido pelos beneficiários diminui resistências e aumenta os níveis de colaboração e acesso aos destinatários.
• Strengthening of Social Protection Systems in the PALOP and Timor-Leste - Final evaluation O envolvimento dos ministérios de primeira linha, Finanças e Presidência, é fulcral para garantir a coordenação das várias políticas sectoriais, ainda que lideradas pela área da proteção social. O envolvimento dos ministérios de primeira linha, Finanças e Presidência, é fulcral para garantir a concretização dos projetos. Por um lado, porque cabe às Finanças a implementação das medidas de criação de espaço fiscal, por outro a Presidência pode liderar desde o centro do Governo os trabalhos de articulação das várias políticas setoriais.
• Strengthening of Social Protection Systems in the PALOP and Timor-Leste - Final evaluation A potencialidade dos parceiros sociais na deteção de segmentos de população excluídos do sistema de proteção social . Os parceiros sociais, ao terem relações mais próximas com os grupos vulneráveis e/ou excluídos do sistema de proteção social, têm maior facilidade em identificar estes segmentos e atraí-los para a economia formal.
• Strengthening of Social Protection Systems in the PALOP and Timor-Leste - Final evaluation Se houver dissonância entre as atividades de capacitação e ponto em que se encontra o debate e a agenda internos dos países, os participantes que são selecionados para frequentar as sessões, não obstante os apelos da OIT, tendem a apresentar um perfil menos adequado face aos objetivos do projeto . O alinhamento entre as ações de capacitação e o nível de maturidade e discussão dos temas nos países permite que o interesse nas ações seja maior e que o perfil dos participantes selecionados tenha uma maior adequação aos propósitos do projeto.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programmes in Lebanon (Phase III & IV) & Jordan (Phase V) - Clustered evaluation The two programmes between them have demonstrated the wide scope of works that EIIP encompasses, infrastructure and building construction and maintenance, forestry management and improving municipal amenities and services.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programmes in Lebanon (Phase III & IV) & Jordan (Phase V) - Clustered evaluation The lesson is the need for persistence, developing innovative and pragmatic solutions and supporting the Government of Jordan to develop policies and regulations which enable displaced Syrians to work on the programme and gain wider access to the labour market.
• Employment Intensive Infrastructure Programmes in Lebanon (Phase III & IV) & Jordan (Phase V) - Clustered evaluation The economic crisis in Lebanon compounded by COVID-19 and the Beirut Port explosion necessitated the need for flexibility and innovation to adapt the programme to continue operating effectively and to provide the increased support needed for the displaced Syrian and host community members.
• SIDA’s support to ILO projects in the field of employment promotion with an emphasis on youth employment with particular focus on Phase II of the ILO-SIDA Partnership Agreement on Outcome 1... In case of a multi-country initiative whereby the total amount of funding has proven to be insufficient to appoint a full-time full-fledged Program Manager, it is imperative that one central ILO Department (in this case EMPLAB) takes control, and appoints a Coordinator-plus with a clearly defined task description, including the responsibility for collecting the lessons learned in all components, for the coordination among countries by initiating cross-country exchanges (including international workshops), and for the technical work (e.g. Training package, training workshops in Turin, etc.).
• SIDA’s support to ILO projects in the field of employment promotion with an emphasis on youth employment with particular focus on Phase II of the ILO-SIDA Partnership Agreement on Outcome 1... The Outcome-Based Funding Modality (OBFM) and the “decentralized” funding modality have jointly proven to be an effective mechanism to adapt funds and interventions to the needs of concrete national contexts and have shown that the inherent flexibility is an asset in country selection, in responding to a country’s specific (changing) needs, and in case of unexpected changes in the country context.
• SIDA’s support to ILO projects in the field of employment promotion with an emphasis on youth employment with particular focus on Phase II of the ILO-SIDA Partnership Agreement on Outcome 1... Each and every project and program must have a comprehensive Results-Based Monitoring system which must include all components of the program, and not, as in the present 2016-17 Phase, only a Log Frame for the Global Component but no RBM directions for the six country interventions. In addition, a Theory of Change was lacking and the Risk Analysis needs some improvement.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the United Republic of Tanzania: 2004-2010 The key lesson arising from this evaluation is that the right mix of project implementation and policy support activities would determine whether the ILO’s country programme effectively achieves its outcomes. The best way to achieve this is to design and manage its programme and projects with this in mind. Our view is that the use of a results framework (logical framework) would have helped to plan and monitor. The evidence base for accomplishments and contributions needs to be credible and systematic.
• Independent evaluation of the ILO's Decent Work Country Programme for the United Republic of Tanzania: 2004-2010 The second category of lessons learned is that ILO Tanzania needs to reconsider its level of ambition taking account of its comparative advantage, its responsibilities as an area office and a realistic level of funding support.
• Advancing Decent Work and Inclusive Industrialisation in Ethiopia – ONEILO SIRAYE - Midterm evaluation When properly planned and with strong coordination, different components can provide strong support to each other and enhance the value add of the programme. The programme has developed a strong M&E system with regular communication and updating of the annual workplan. Components are able through these reviews to identify areas of mutual support, which combined with having one CTA overseeing the entire programme, supports the mutual support and enhanced synergies the programme offers.
• Advancing Decent Work and Inclusive Industrialisation in Ethiopia – ONEILO SIRAYE - Midterm evaluation The ONEILO approach has supported a significant investment in M&E activities such as assessments and research which would have been difficult under individual projects. This provides research data which can be used across components. (this builds on the previous lesson learned)
• Advancing Decent Work and Inclusive Industrialisation in Ethiopia – ONEILO SIRAYE - Midterm evaluation The inclusion of significant work on OSH provides ILO with a clear entry point for activities at the factory level and for advocacy at the sectoral and national level given the attention on health and safety as a result of the pandemic. While attention is focused on the continued response to the pandemic, ILO’s experience and expertise in OSH related issues can be leveraged to lead on OSH activities and to provide access in a unified programme for other activities.
• Advancing Decent Work and Inclusive Industrialisation in Ethiopia – ONEILO SIRAYE - Midterm evaluation For future ONEILO programmes, establishing a formal global coordination mechanism should be established early in the programme and maintained as the programme progresses. This will help ensure broad interaction and information between all the units and components involved in the programme.
• Améliorer la gouvernance du travail dans les TPE/PME et aider à la sortie de l'économie informelle en Afrique - Final evaluation Le projet GOUVERNANCE a initié un changement de paradigme en contribuant à rendre accessible les textes régissant le droit du travail – souvent source de conflits entre le gouvernement, les employeurs et les travailleurs-es – et, : (i) comprendre la politique du travail, (ii) approfondir les connaissances sur le dialogue social, le rôle de l’Etat et des normes internationales du travail (droits des travailleurs-es), et (v) appréhender les lacunes au sein des administrations du travail, et comment en sortir.
• Améliorer la gouvernance du travail dans les TPE/PME et aider à la sortie de l'économie informelle en Afrique - Final evaluation L’expérience du projet GOUVERNANCE démontre le bien-fondé de l’approche intégrée du renforcement des capacités des acteurs, de suivi et d’accompagnement au niveau national. Elle vise l’ensemble des PDFT en mettant l’accent sur la sensibilisation et le partage des connaissances, et met à la disposition des acteurs des outils et/ou pratiques leur permettant de mieux respecter les PDFT et les règles des SST dans leurs activités professionnelles régulières.
• Améliorer la gouvernance du travail dans les TPE/PME et aider à la sortie de l'économie informelle en Afrique - Final evaluation Le passage de la culture du contrôle à l’accompagnement par les inspections du travail a constitué une bonne approche d’encadrement des relations du travail entre les travailleurs-es et les inspecteurs du travail, particulièrement des activités du secteur informel.
• Améliorer la gouvernance du travail dans les TPE/PME et aider à la sortie de l'économie informelle en Afrique - Final evaluation Face à l’inefficience des organes du dialogue social et leur faiblesse institutionnelle et organisationnelle, le projet GOUVERNANCE a amorcé une approche pertinente consistant à renforcer les organes de promotion du dialogue social entre les mandants tripartites.
• Promoting Social Dialogue - Final Independent Evaluation Establishing an infrastructure in which social dialogue can take place through, inter alia, provision of equipment, bespoke software, capacity-building practices (tripartite action plans, communications strategies, business plans, operational plans, formalised procedures etc), and high quality training interventions is validated as an effective project strategy.
• Promoting Social Dialogue - Final Independent Evaluation Separate marketing and communications strategies developed for EOs proved to be highly successful with increased membership and capacity. A single strategy developed for three trade union federations proved less successful as a capacity-building tool. Each organisation needs a separate strategy to reflect their uniqueness and to differentiate themselves from other, similar organisations.
• Labour Standards in Global Supply Chains – Programme of Action for Asia and the Garment Sector The evaluation highlights significant project achievement in Cambodia introducing participatory and evidence-based minimum wage setting mechanisms. Based on analysis of the project’s success, a lesson learned associated with the achievement is, when designing a project, sometimes it is better to focus on contributing to one important outcome and do it thoroughly over an extended period than to set many objectives supported by very short term and/or superficial technical assistance activities. Based on project documents and ILO and ILO constituents’ accounts, project outcomes on strengthening wage-setting mechanisms were significant in Cambodia, where minimum wage has been re-evaluated every year since 2015 using ILO project inputs and applying ILO-recommended participative and evidence-based approaches. One trade union leader remarked, “Through project support on the wage component, this project has strengthened the capacity of our leadership to do research and gather data for the minimum wage negotiations process.” An employers’ representative affirmed, “We have seen the gap between the three negotiating parties’ positions reduced thanks to the activities of the project.” ILO constituents likewise indicated that project interventions contributed to making decision-making in the national tripartite council more transparent. To achieve this outcome, the project delivered a very focused strategy over more than four years (since the first interventions predated this project). Intervention strategies included training programmes, producing, publishing and diffusing industry research and statistical analysis, convening stakeholders to share relevant data and analysis, and holding high level policy workshops with decision-makers and academics. According to ILO programme managers, the project tailored training to match various stakeholder needs, a practice which increased the effectiveness of training interventions.
• Labour Standards in Global Supply Chains – Programme of Action for Asia and the Garment Sector The importance of paying attention to the scale of impact and/or the scalability of interventions in project design and implementation: case of ILO support for collective bargaining agreements in Cambodia and Indonesia In Indonesia, LSGSC’s programme of work to promote collective bargaining trained trainers effectively and facilitated trainer follow-up work at the factory-level. The LSGSC enterprise-level CBA pilot program included many of the ingredients for both a successful and scalable intervention, however ILO needed additional time and investment in embedding the approach in one or more national institutions in order to deliver scalable, and sustained impact.
• Improving Workers Rights in Rural Sectors of the Indo-Pacific with a focus on Women - Midterm evaluation Multi-country projects addressing sectoral labour standards compliance, including occupational safety and health, that operate in unique country contexts, should ideally begin in parallel rather than one country demonstrating models to apply to the next country. This would enable each country to develop tailored approaches in full and permits sufficient time for implementation to be rolled-out. The initial project design assumption that implementation in Indonesia could begin a year later than the Philippines, and that Indonesia could readily adopt the labour standards compliance and OSH promotion models developed in the Philippines, was found to be impractical, as recognized early in Indonesia’s start-up.
• Improving Workers Rights in Rural Sectors of the Indo-Pacific with a focus on Women - Midterm evaluation Social partner participants prefer a mix of face-to-face and online communications methods training. In Indonesia, trade union and employer organization participants in the 4-day communications training that was delivered in online mode, found the training valuable in providing them with skills for social media campaigns and visual communications. However, participants expressed a preference for face-to-face training, or a mix of online and offline sessions, which they felt would enable richer interactive discussion, a better sense of participant understanding and skills on the part of the training providers; and a higher level of focus among the participants than the online mode, where participants may be multi-tasking with their daily work.
• Improving Workers Rights in Rural Sectors of the Indo-Pacific with a focus on Women - Midterm evaluation Multiple advocacy strategies are required to secure the buy-in of the private sector in the fisheries supply chain in the Philippines and Indonesia. The Project design assumed that enterprises in each target sector would be willing to participate as pilot demonstration models for good practices in bipartite dialogue mechanisms, improved OSH practices and gender equality measures. However, in sub-sectors such as fishing vessel operation and fish processing, and to some extent banana growing, the private sector has so far been hesitant to engage with workers’ organizations in bipartite dialogue, especially given the dynamics between the industry and specific trade unions representing the fishing industry in the country. Therefore, in the Philippines, the project team is considering alternative entry points via Industry Tripartite Councils, to encourage improved labour standards and gender equality in the sector, in addition to, or instead of a pilot enterprise approach. In Indonesia the project team is considering the use of the ILO SCORE methodology to increase the buy-in of participating seafood processing enterprises.
• Evaluación Agrupada de proyectos de Protección Social en El Salvador y Honduras - Final agrupada independiente Avanzar en el establecimiento de Sistemas Integrales y Universales de PS con enfoque de género y diferencial en los países, capaces de responder a los efectos de factores externos como la Covid-19 y el cambio climático, es posible si: i) hay lineamientos conceptuales adecuados e integrados de PS con enfoque de género e inclusión, basados en la gestión del riesgo y la viabilidad fiscal, que orienten de manera clara y pedagógica los diálogos, reflexiones y análisis sobre el tema de mandantes, actores y asesores OIT; ii) existe, al alcance de los mandantes y otros actores, información actualizada y confiable sobre brechas de género, vulnerabilidades diferenciadas, experiencias y recursos de PS que evidencien necesidades, problemáticas y oportunidades fiscales y de gestión institucional, y propicien la adopción de posiciones y la toma de decisiones informada; iii) las acciones de PS se realizan de manera tripartita, interinstitucional e interagencial, con conceptos y visiones compartidas y acordadas; iv) se construyen desde la OIT “hojas de ruta” para avanzar en PS, a nivel regional y subregional, extensión de cobertura de SS y consolidación de los PPS; con prioridades, apuestas e intervenciones de corto, mediano y largo plazo con enfoque de género y diferencial concertadas con agencias del SNU y actores claves de carácter regional y a su vez, con los mandantes en los países; y se hace seguimiento tripartito, interinstitucional e interagencial constante a su aplicación; v) la OIT avanza en la construcción de modelos o herramientas de gestión, en temas claves para la ejecución de proyectos de PS, como la incorporación del enfoque de género y diferencial, que puedan ser usadas por técnicos, consultores y asesores en sus intervenciones
• Evaluación Agrupada de proyectos de Protección Social en El Salvador y Honduras - Final agrupada independiente La efectividad de las acciones de la OIT en PS se podrá garantizar y evidenciar, si los procesos y proyectos están orientados por un “Modelo de Gestión para Resultados de PS en la Región”, que: i) defina una teoría de cambio con enfoque de género y diferencial articulando el nivel regional, subregional y de país, e indique acciones estratégicas en PS para la OIT, como base para la formulación y ejecución de proyectos, la implementación de sistemas de M&E y la gestión presupuestal basados en resultados; ii) establezca un sistema de indicadores basado en resultados (definidos como cambios concretos en actores concretos) que permita medir durante la ejecución de los proyectos, no solo la eficacia, eficiencia y efectividad de las acciones, sino fundamentalmente la obtención de cambios (el impacto) y la gestión de riesgos para asegurar la sostenibilidad de los resultados; iii) propicie un uso estratégico de los recursos regionales de la OIT en favor de intervenciones locales; iv) implemente mecanismos de control de calidad y aprobación de los productos de los proyectos ágiles y oportunos; v) promueva la construcción de mecanismos para la comunicación y divulgación regional y local de resultados, productos y buenas prácticas replicables.
• Development of a Social Economy Policy in South Africa - Final evaluation Lesson 4: Continuous consultative engagements with stakeholders, partners and beneficiaries was key to enhancing networking to achieve project goals Continuous consultative engagements with stakeholders, partners and beneficiaries proved as an opportunity for people to work together and share views. The consultations were made accessible, friendly and approachable. Key actions were the engagement of Provincial governments, networks and co-organizing consultations with key stakeholders. Pilots’ sessions were held to ensure there is feedback to inform workshop design. Ultimately, consultations proved as an opportunity for people to work together and share views
• Development of a Social Economy Policy in South Africa - Final evaluation Lesson 1: It was absolutely necessary to get started from an informed point of view. Thus, research was commissioned to gather a wide perspective of views, and partnership with Academia was key resource for critical opinions that shaped the processes. It was absolutely necessary to get started from an informed point of view. Thus, researches were commissioned to gather a wide perspective of views and partnership with Academia was key resource for critical opinions that shaped the processes social media was especially short posts through Linked-In / FB provided excellent feedback. The processes involved everyone which made the exercise participatory in nature.
• Development of a Social Economy Policy in South Africa - Final evaluation Lesson 2: Bringing on board citizens, specialists and experts from various sectors of the social economy contributing a wealth of ideas to the development of the Social and Solidarity Economy Policy. The panels include IGAC: Intergovernmental Advisory Committee, Expert Reference Panel that included the Citizens and Experts, Specialist consultations- Legal, Academic and CSI brought about a fertilisation of ideas critical for effective delivery of project results.
• Development of a Social Economy Policy in South Africa - Final evaluation Lesson 3: Clarity of data in terms of numbers and qualitative back up (as presented in illustrations and case stories) was important in gathering and sharing critical ideas on social economy. The crucial tools for gathering the data were RSVP for events, Surveys at consultations and M&E forms. This enabled the creation of a data base that informed the processes in terms of who the stakeholders in the social economy are and their contribution and how they can be mobilised and reached to contribute ideas to social and solidarity policy project consultative processes.
• Development of a Social Economy Policy in South Africa - Final evaluation Lesson 5:Government, ILO and donor streamlined and flexible working relations were crucial to project efficiency and effectiveness because it generated trust and legitimacy of the policy and was cost effective in terms of easy of sharing out responsibilities, tasks and direction among the key stakeholders The Government and donor smooth working relations were key to the success of the Social and Solidarity Economy Policy making process. They generated trust and legitimacy of the policy. It was also cost effective in terms of easy of sharing out responsibilities, tasks and direction among the key stakeholders. They also enhanced transparency in terms of tackling challenges being experienced and needed support to alleviate them. It was also cost effective in terms of easy of sharing out responsibilities, tasks and direction among the key stakeholders. They also enhanced transparency in terms of tackling challenges being experienced and needed support to alleviate them.
• Sida-ILO Partnership Programme 2018-2019 Outcome-based funding to Outcome 7 with a focus on Social Dialogue, Industrial Relations and Collective Bargaining (Phase I) - Final evaluation The extensive internal timelines for approval of outcome-based funding project proposals -and the consequent delay in the transfer of funds – reduced significantly the time available for project implementation. It contributed to de-linking the project from the P&B cycle and had also had an impact to the validity and coherence of project design and the effectiveness of implementation.
• Sida-ILO Partnership Programme 2018-2019 Outcome-based funding to Outcome 7 with a focus on Social Dialogue, Industrial Relations and Collective Bargaining (Phase I) - Final evaluation A strategy that involves HQ and field structure reinforces impact and sustainability of the outcomes The delivery of OBI outputs, and the IR Toolkit more specifically, benefitted from complementary resources from development cooperation projects in the field. This included well-grounded projects in the ILO, such as BETTERWORK, and decentralised development projects in the field, some supported with Swedish funding. Bringing together in an integrated programme components of technical units and projects in close coordination lead to economies of scale and overall better outcomes, as pulling funds and expertise allowed testing the tool in field activities with the tripartite and bipartite partners and this, in return, provided valuable feedback to improve the tool and make it practical-oriented.
• Employment and Social Affairs Platform (ESAP) - Final evaluation A regional approach can offer an efficient model for instituting change, under certain conditions and provided that it is well thought out. The regional approach elaborated by ESAP shows that this method can be a best practice, and can be modelled.
• Employment and Social Affairs Platform (ESAP) - Final evaluation Direct, face-to-face, regular communication is key for regional projects, especially when building a regional network.
• Employment and Social Affairs Platform (ESAP) - Final evaluation Peer review is a strong tool for capacity-building, stakeholder ownership and regional network construction.
• Employment and Social Affairs Platform (ESAP) - Final evaluation The ESAP virtual platform offers a potentially powerful tool, but this would require a larger investment in its development and promotion.
• Employment and Social Affairs Platform (ESAP) - Final evaluation Two distinct projects carrying the same name (ILO’s ESAP and RCC’s ESAP) require a coherent and unified presentation.
• EQUIP: Equipping Sri Lanka to Counter Trafficking in Persons - Final evaluation At the grassroots TIP was normalised as migrant workers were not aware of safe migration routes and relevant authorities that can help in the process of migration, and the absence of legal recourse rendered them vulnerable to being trafficked. Therefore, awareness raising through entertainment communication i.e., street dramas was an creative way in which the message regarding safe labour migration was conveyed to potential migrant workers with the aim of preventing TIP. However, whether this should also be targeted at an adolescent age group to effectively change mindsets in time is a lesson that could be learnt.
• EQUIP: Equipping Sri Lanka to Counter Trafficking in Persons - Final evaluation Including workers and employment organisations/worker organizations (TUs) in project activities has equipped TU constituents with the required knowledge, to organize, advocate and assist migrant workers regarding TIP It has also contributed to TUs prioritising TIP in their mandate.
• Employment Policies Formulated in Iraq Using Strengthened LMI Systems and LM Statistics - Final evaluation The absence of a proper institutional assessment for beneficiary institutions led to various obstacles during implementation as a result of an overestimation of the capacities of national counterpart institutions during the design phase. This was identified as a main challenge of proper implementation and led to considerable delays.
• Employment Policies Formulated in Iraq Using Strengthened LMI Systems and LM Statistics - Final evaluation A low level of communication and cooperation with the ILO coordination office in Iraq prevented the project from leveraging ILO resources to overcome obstacles faced during implementation, and contributed to the minimal involvement of tripartite constituents in Iraq
• Employment Policies Formulated in Iraq Using Strengthened LMI Systems and LM Statistics - Final evaluation The absence of force majeure guidelines led to substantial challenges and delays following the passing away of the project manager, leaving a gap in the management and administration of the project which took significant time to fill.
• Employment Policies Formulated in Iraq Using Strengthened LMI Systems and LM Statistics - Final evaluation The weak level of engagement with ILO constituents early on in the project, as well as the significant delays coming from an exogenous set of challenges, meant that ILO constituents and policy makers were not involved in most of this project's activities, which ultimately translated into a weak implementation of the policy component of the project and led to a weaker-than-expected level of national ownership from higher level policy makers and constituents.
• Sustaining Strengthened National Capacities to Improve International Labour Standards Compliance and Reporting in Relevant European Union Trading Partners - Final Evaluation Equality Issues of Women and vulnerable groups need to be included in social dialogues and within the Trade Union. To do this, vulnerable groups have to be identified, engaged, and organized. This is where Civil Society Organizations (CSO’s) can play a crucial role especially in countries where informal sector seems to thrive.
• Sustaining Strengthened National Capacities to Improve International Labour Standards Compliance and Reporting in Relevant European Union Trading Partners - Final Evaluation Periodic engagement with EU-Delegation and government stakeholders is a good strategy to leverage on trade vis-a-vis core international labor standards. For instance, better collaboration around expectations would have helped if EU Delegation in the country was consulted (In Pakistan for example, for budget allocation to provinces for example with regards to different issues regarding labour, associations, etc.) Had there been consultations with EU-Trade in the country from design and even during M&E, value-adding insights could have been integrated from the beginning.
• Sustaining Strengthened National Capacities to Improve International Labour Standards Compliance and Reporting in Relevant European Union Trading Partners - Final Evaluation According to stakeholders, COVID19 did not affect much the implementation of the project but moving forward, the COVID-19 pandemic with its far reaching socio-economic consequences calls for effective tripartite social dialogue.
• Indicators and methodologies for wage setting - Final evaluation Using project funding to support the core work of ILO and to expand ILO capacity by providing additional knowledge and tools can have significant ongoing benefits for the organisation and constituents. In this case, the project was very closely related to and integrated into the core work of INWORK and of the wage experts in the field. It followed on from their ongoing activities and supported their future work. Thus, the project did fit well and work closely with other relevant ILO interventions at the global and country levels. This project – especially the methodology aspect –supported its core work by providing ILO with an additional tool.
• Advancing the Decent Work Agenda in North Africa (ADWA) - Midterm evaluation Needs-based project design and implementation involving tripartite constituents. The challenges in engaging MCIT in Egypt seem to indicate that ADWA’s offer is not a priority for the ministry, and the project is not meeting an immediate need, which contrasts, for example, with the excellent cooperation with the National Council for Judiciary Studies (NCJS), where the project meets capacity building needs.
• Advancing the Decent Work Agenda in North Africa (ADWA) - Midterm evaluation Capacity building requires training needs assessments, a follow-up to the capacity building event(s) and an approach to institutionalizes capacity building to ensure its relevance, effectiveness, and sustainability.
• Skills for employment and productivity in low-income countries (Mozambique component) - Final Evaluation Monitoring is necessary at every stage of project implementation. Monitoring is needed during outreach activities, the application and shortlisting processes, skills training, and importantly, when graduates are in jobs/businesses after the training ends. Oftentimes skills training projects may pay attention to what happens during the classroom phase, but they fail to monitor what happens before the classroom training starts or after the training ends.
• Skills for employment and productivity in low-income countries (Nepal component) - Final Evaluation The design of projects focused on employment promotion should follow the following principles: (a) multi-stakeholder participation, i.e. active involvement of governments, civil society and the private sector and (b) a systematic multi-level approach with activities at the macro level (e.g. advising partner governments on employment promotion strategies and policies), at the meso level (support for responsible institutions and network organizations), and at the micro level (with unemployed or underemployed women and men).
• Skills for employment and productivity in low-income countries (Nepal component) - Final Evaluation In the recent past, there are increasing employment services by private sector through employment shop, individual job portals and use of social media. There is high competition and comparison between public ESCs and private job companies regarding fast and easily accessible services provided to both beneficiaries, i.e. job seekers and employers. Therefore, both public and private employment agencies have an increasing role to play in facilitating for appropriate employment through proper documentation, networking and communication with job providers, job seekers, and training institutions.
• Skills for employment and productivity in low-income countries (Nepal component) - Final Evaluation More attention needs to be paid to projects at the design and inception phase to ensure that M&E plans are in order. Work plans and monitoring plans are standard parts of project design and operation and should be part of the prerequisite documentation at the inception phase of any project. The baseline, indicators and monitoring plan will determine the “evaluability” of the project for the duration of its activities, therefore taking the time to make sure that the adequate indicators have been established to evaluate project achievement is vital for an accurate tracking of progress. Similarly, investment in staff basic knowledge of M&E is essential to ensure a common understanding of the intervention logic of a project, the importance of project reporting, monitoring and evaluation.
• Joint programme on labour migration governance for development and integration in Africa (JLMO) - SIDA (Sweden) funded - Midterm joint evaluation Participatory design. Participation of representatives of the society organization in the identification of governance and institutional strengthening projects to ensure active participation of the beneficiaries in their operationalization..
• Joint programme on labour migration governance for development and integration in Africa (JLMO) - SIDA (Sweden) funded - Midterm joint evaluation Outcome indicators. To promote the social agenda of the project in the society is necessary to produce systematic evidence that can be generated though measuring the project achievements through indicators that focus on the change in the beneficiaries’ conditions / performance and in their context; include gender disaggregated targets in the indicators.
• Joint programme on labour migration governance for development and integration in Africa (JLMO) - SIDA (Sweden) funded - Midterm joint evaluation Budgetisation capacities. It will be difficult to ensure the funding of governance mechanisms without strengthening the budgetisation capacities that enable their functioning along with the strengthening of their coordination and planning procedures.
• Unemployment Protection in Indonesia - Final evaluation A well-designed and timely project which responds to the priority needs of the national stakeholders and focuses on policy is most likely to make best use of ILO’s comparative advantage. In this project, this involved the provision of TA in relation to the design of the UI legislation
• Promoting Decent Work for Women in Türkiye - Midterm Evaluation Defining and agreeing on roles and responsibilities between partners/stakeholders in the initial stages of the project is essential for enhancing the efficiency of the outcomes: The expectations and responsibilities of each stakeholder in the project needs to be laid out openly in this discussion, in order to make sure the next steps of the program can be implemented with ease and the learnings of this phase of the program can be used constructively in developing the partnership between organizations involved in the project. Beyond the document that elaborating the tasks and responsibilities, elaboration of risk and mitigation strategies in the program design process will enhance efficiency. All these components and the practice of innovative methods and tools to inform and involve stakeholders will ensure their commitment and support.
• Promoting Decent Work for Women in Türkiye - Midterm Evaluation While choosing the relevant partners for the project, it is important to see the willingness of each partner for smooth implementation of the project’s activities.
• Regional fair migration project in the Middle East (FAIRWAY project) - Mid-term Evaluation The design of FAIRWAY has taken into consideration the main weaknesses of its predecessor project MAGNET  The number of target countries has been reduced to 5 (MAGNET implemented activities in 9 countries)  Two priority sectors have been defined for FAIRWAY  Communication has been given more attention, in terms of budget and human resources  The outcomes are presented in a well-balanced, logical and coherent way  A Policy Advisory Committee has been established (replacing a deficient Research Network)  A Project Oversight Committee has been established (MAGNET did not have one)  A Performance Monitoring Framework has been defined, allowing better follow-up of activities to be made.
• Cluster Independent Mid-term Evaluation of RMGP II and BWB and its affiliated projects - Midterm evaluation Importance of creating synergies between national and factory level intervention strategies: Evaluation findings suggesting missed opportunities stemming from the relatively strong disconnection between RMGP II remediation, governance, and OSH interventions and BWB factory level interventions. Evaluation participants highlighted the potential for factory level interventions to inform policy work and institutional capacity building strategies. Some examples offered included opportunities to use BWB data on non-compliance and related research to inform national decision making and policies as well as opportunities for national institutions promoting compliance to benefit from Better Work’s national and international good practices and lessons learned and vice versa.
• Cluster Independent Mid-term Evaluation of RMGP II and BWB and its affiliated projects - Midterm evaluation Need to develop management systems that allow monitoring data to inform intervention priorities and decisions: Project M&E: RMGP II personnel evaluation feedback suggested that programme monitoring could be better capitalized for decision making. LIMA: Evaluation findings also showed the need to strengthen Department of Inspection for Factories and Establishments (DIFE) use of Labour Inspection Management Application (LIMA) inspection data to set inspection priorities (as well as the need to focus data collection more narrowly on high priority issues).
• ILO Technical Assistance Component – Skills for Employment Program (FCDO-SEP Project) - Final evaluation Contractual arrangements can constrict project impacts. The four year project commitment included an annual review and contract renewal process. While the review process helped maintain alignment with other components of the larger overall program, and recalibrate activity focus, it also required a two month pause for consultations, reporting, and work planning. Technical implementing partners supporting the project’s work were also subject to the same annual contract renewal. The process coincided with Nepal’s major festival season, essentially adding a month to the two month review process. The ILO’s project required a responsive, flexible posture—for the ILO, tripartite and other implementing partners—which was mismatched with the contracting arrangement.
• ILO Technical Assistance Component – Skills for Employment Program (FCDO-SEP Project) - Final evaluation A Theory of Change (ToC) is essential for a complex policy project like the SEP-TA project in Nepal. Without it, it is possible that competing, immediate issues may have distracted from a consistent focus on strategic outcomes (this finding is based largely on annual reports and could not be triangulated with key stakeholders). A ToC also offers the opportunity to articulate assumptions underpinning key project approaches, consider contextual risks, and be explicit about intervention linkages. A ToC offers a conceptual roadmap that can inform work across a broad spectrum of stakeholders and sites. It can be adjusted as contextual factors or priorities change, implementation assumptions are validated (or not), and learning about what is working and what is not comes to light.
• ILO Technical Assistance Component – Skills for Employment Program (FCDO-SEP Project) - Final evaluation In a project which is innovating, an M&E learning framework and expertise is essential. For a project that is introducing locally untested tools and strategies to advance policy change and social dialogue, adaptive learning is essential. This is particularly critical when the established administrative architecture and locus of decisionmaking is shifting at the same time, as in Nepal’s new federalized system. In the absence of a robust M&E framework with articulated outcomes, and no M&E expertise on the team, evidence about the effectiveness of the variety of interventions and knowledge products remains anecdotal at best. This poses challenges for the ILO to confidently advance models, tools and strategies for scale and replication, and for understanding project contributions to impact and sustainability.
• ILO Technical Assistance Component – Skills for Employment Program (FCDO-SEP Project) - Final evaluation Policy projects require time and confidence building. The SEP-TA project was implemented during a time of significant change in Nepal. The dynamic context offered both challenges and opportunities to reaching project goals for mainstreaming employment policy particularly at provincial and municipality levels, and finalizing sensitive legislation on labour migration. The ILO strengthened its historically good relationship with the Ministry of Labour and Social Security in the course of this project, responding to a range of requests at several levels of government. Multiple stakeholders remarked that the ILO as an international, specialist aid agency—enjoyed a particularly trusted advisory position because of confidence built over time. Observers also pointed to government perceptions of ILO responsiveness—as distinguished from imposing an agenda. Reliance on local expertise also enhanced trust. All of these factors helped the ILO move project goals forward. At the end of the day, however, even without the obstacles this particular project faced, major policy change requires a time horizon which can exceed a single project cycle.
• Enhancing the labour administration capacity to improve working conditions and tackle undeclared work - Final evaluation The risk related to “preserving“ the project’s outcomes as explained under the finding number 51 is partly incumbent to the challenge of mainstreaming a complex technical assistance among other competing development priorities that are enjoying stronger overall, including donor interest. Communication, among other mitigation measures, is a crucial weapon in the battle for continued “political”, strategic interest and support. The project team and ILO Ukraine, in full awareness of this necessity, have not spared efforts to communicate on the project results through dedicated project events, numerous stakeholder meetings, media visibility (interviews...), promotion material and an information-rich webpage. A lesson from the project is that the interest and support for such “technical”, relatively low profile but crucial interventions such as ELAC, must stay atop priorities and over time. For interventions of this nature, communication is essential and must be integrated in the project strategy.
• Enhancing the labour administration capacity to improve working conditions and tackle undeclared work - Final evaluation Deriving from the observation made in the previous lesson learned (finding 52), the identify, the values, the expertise provided by a project such as ELAC and implemented by an organisation such as ILO make a decisive factor of impactful communication; obviously as long as it create a strong added-value. And the evaluation has been able to verify the value is strong and rather unique. However, as much as technical experts are able to advocate to gather interest and mobilise funding, the need for professional support in communication has been capture by the evaluation. Communication is persuasive and impactful internally as it helps strengthen the organisational “self-confidence” by formulation the competence of an organisation and its staff in simple terms. It also helps the recognition of this expert beyond the “circle” of experts, so it gets understood by decision-makers that are not experts and who need to be educated, “impacted” before making strategic choices. Thus, it appears that a condition for the communication effort to produce effective results will involve ILO being assertive in clearing communicating on the various elements of its added-value: International and national expertise, mandate, country presence / knowledge / understanding / strategic formulation, acknowledgement and credibility from stakeholders, quality and relevance of its interventions.
• Enhancing the labour administration capacity to improve working conditions and tackle undeclared work - Final evaluation Development projects and most importantly the results of development projects are recurrently threatened by the tyranny of time; the pressing need to see rapid visible results without always assessing the solidity of the foundations, the immerged part of the iceberg. If there is one element of importance to retain from the project, it is the process guiding the change: its legitimacy ((a proper assessment preceding the project design, taken to very deep level during its implementation), credibility (consultation, participation and support of national stakeholders) and appropriateness (to the context, needs and strategic choices made by Ukraine: EU partnership agreement…). The value lesson here is that the more valid and detailed the process is, the higher is the likeliness of producing durable effect. Obviously, the success of effective changes is not the sole result of the process design, as other factors are involved – such as the political stability – however, any weakness in the process design will be strongly felt at any later stage in the continuation of the intervention. The strategic development of the SLS’s labour inspection, the formulation and validation of strategic framework (OSH, labour inspection…) are essential step of the process which must take place before the capacity-building effort is deployed.
• Enhancing the labour administration capacity to improve working conditions and tackle undeclared work - Final evaluation As much as the process and expert delivery of activities have ensured the production of quality outputs, the project experience has shown that without institutional or legislative validation (such as the approval of National Action Plan to Fight UDW or the transposition of the EU Framework Directive 89/391/EEC through the national framework law on OSH) the enforcement and sustainability of results remains limited. While the actions levers are never quite under of the control or direct decision of the project (e.g. government change, ministry-level validation…), there are however ways for the project to advocate, or at least raise awareness on the conditions required for its overall objective to be fulfilled. Thus, a lesson for future similar intervention is that, in between a direct leverage and limited influence, there is room to developing sophisticated advocacy strategy to serve converting outputs (securing outputs through institutionalisation) into sustainable outcomes.
• Enhancing the labour administration capacity to improve working conditions and tackle undeclared work - Final evaluation There is a gap between the actual (positive) contribution of the project to gender equality and the (limited) extent to which the project has (promoted) reported on this dimension of its achievements. This could also by symptomatic of the project insufficiently promoting the effect of its actions to general stakeholders that are beyond or outside the sphere of the tripartite, regular direct partners of ILO projects. Thus, a lesson from experience is that the gender dimension should also be an integral part of the results promoted by the project, even though the project is not gender-specific in nature. Gender-related results and achievements are actually taken into account and can positively be appreciated by key stakeholders, and especially donors.
• Supporting the strategic objectives of the London Syria Conference 2016 - Final evaluation The ILO supported agricultural working permits through 21 cooperatives located in Irbid and Mafraq. Cooperatives play an important role in Jordan, mainly in rural and more economically deprived areas. During the evaluation mission it was found that ILO’s engagement with the agricultural cooperatives can be strengthened through considering better the organisational capacity and nature of cooperativies: • During the evaluation mission it was noticeable that the cooperatives in Jordan are weak organisationally. Therefore, engaging them further in ILO activities should be part of an organisational capacity building approach. • Ensure that cooperatives are covered for the costs they incur in facilitating the work permit process. Failure to do so could lead to poor quality work, lack of follow-up on the part of the cooperative or, in extreme cases, may lead to abuse of position towards workers applying for work permits. • Cooperatives should be considered as part of the private sector, often with a dual agenda of setting up income generating and profit-making interventions combined with providing services to their members and communities. • Consider reducing the number of cooperatives but increasing the support provided. When support is spread too thin then the cooperatives are not in a position to initiate economic opportunities for their communities. • Take into consideration any sensitivities between MoA and cooperatives; there often tends to be competition between cooperatives and MoA, especially over funding.
• Accelerating Progress towards an Integrated and Modernized Social Protection System for All in Thailand (United Nations Joint Programme on Social Protection for All in Thailand) - Joint evaluation The potential for impact and sustainability of an intervention are substantially enhanced if they are developed and implemented simultaneously with the development of national or sectoral economic and/or social development plans.
• Accelerating Progress towards an Integrated and Modernized Social Protection System for All in Thailand (United Nations Joint Programme on Social Protection for All in Thailand) - Joint evaluation Extensive networking through workshops, meetings, trainings, advocacy, informal app groups, etc. leads to incremental changes in mindsets of the stakeholders as was found by the evaluation through the interviews conducted with stakeholders. Several staff members, especially mid-level, of MSDHS, SSO and NESDC underlined this, and also most of the involved PUNO’s mentioned this in the interviews conducted.
• Enabling job resilience and protecting decent work conditions in rural communities affected by Syrian Refugee crisis in North Lebanon - Final evaluation (RBSA components) M4P approach and value chain development in agriculture appropriate to a transitional phase between relief and development rather than an emergency context. The project of Enhancing Job Resilience and Protecting Decent Work Conditions in Rural Communities Affected by the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Northern Lebanon adopted the M4P approach through the implementation of Value Chain development in agriculture under Components II and III. In this regards, the project has been very effective in mobilizing all local stakeholders as well as in ensuring proper coordination and supporting functions. However, putting in place all these factors takes time. More time will be needed to achieve ultimate success in bringing about income generation as a result of export or sales in the local market. A timeframe of 2-3 years is projected for success in the value chain in agriculture. This is not a module capable of being implemented in a short time in an emergency setting, but is more appropriate for a transitional phase between emergency and development contexts.
• Enabling job resilience and protecting decent work conditions in rural communities affected by Syrian Refugee crisis in North Lebanon - Final evaluation (RBSA components) Importance of a national steering committee even in a project focusing on a local community The project of Enhancing Job Resilience and Protecting Decent Work Conditions in Rural Communities Affected by the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Northern Lebanon has adopted a decentralized and local approach of implementation focusing on local communities in Northern Lebanon, and therefore created only local steering committee. However, entry points for programming in fragile and post-crisis situations demonstrate the appropriateness of specific approaches and can also inform or influence the policies and practices of the government and other actors. Thus they have to be perceived as far as possible as opportunities for strategic approaches . To better inform and influence government policies and practices, the project and ILO should have created a steering committee at the central level in addition to the local one. The latter should have included representatives from MoA, MoL, Ministry of Economy, National Federation of Trade Unions and Federation of Chambers of Commerce. In addition to better informing and influencing policies, such a committee would have enhanced the national ownership of the project (in complementarity to the strong local ownership established). It would have also supported the project in overcoming some of the structural, policy and legislative barriers, and paved the way for action to resolve these barriers, such as the ratification by Lebanese government of Convention 181 on private employment agencies. This appeared to be a serious barrier to the implementation of Component I of the project in connecting employment agencies to one another as well as to the public NEO.
• Enabling job resilience and protecting decent work conditions in rural communities affected by Syrian Refugee crisis in North Lebanon - Final evaluation (RBSA components) nhancing Job Resilience and Protecting Decent Work Conditions in Rural Communities Affected by the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Northern Lebanon should have been designed as a programme not a project. For programming in fragile and post-crisis contexts, ILO guidelines emphasize the importance of an approach with a long-term rather than a short-term perspective. “Programmes ensure prolonged action and support and are more likely to deliver sustainable results” . This was not the case in this short-term project. Furthermore, the evaluation considers that implementation of this project would have benefitted from a dimension focused on the central level, complementary to the local dimension level. This could have consisting of building the capacity of the Ministry of Agriculture centrally, as well as the cooperative and education departments within the ministries. It could also have addressed the legal status of employment services and advocated for the ratification of the 181 Convention. Another focus could have been a review of the structure of NEO or the entire system of employment services. Given the short-term nature of the project, in practical terms this dimension would not have been possible.
• Enabling job resilience and protecting decent work conditions in rural communities affected by Syrian Refugee crisis in North Lebanon - Final evaluation (RBSA components) Tripartitism always but effective tripartitism It would not be possible to bring about improvements in decent working conditions in rural communities without involving the trade unions that are supposed to defend the rights of these workers as a key partner.
• Enabling job resilience and protecting decent work conditions in rural communities affected by Syrian Refugee crisis in North Lebanon - Final evaluation (RBSA components) Despite the wide participatory approach vis-à-vis local stakeholders, a key local stakeholder and leader is necessary While the project built synergies with wide number of local stakeholders to implement different project components, it did not build specific ties with a designated leader among these stakeholders to take charge of leading the others and ensuring coordination. The project team assumed the leadership and coordination role themselves.
• Enabling job resilience and protecting decent work conditions in rural communities affected by Syrian Refugee crisis in North Lebanon - Final evaluation (RBSA components) Addressing the challenges of the labour market cannot be addressed via a simple component of a project (Component I of this project) but should be addressed in a complete, integrated project or programme.
• Enabling job resilience and protecting decent work conditions in rural communities affected by Syrian Refugee crisis in North Lebanon - Final evaluation (RBSA components) Importance of platform managed by local development centre Farmers and cooperatives in the rural communities of Akkar have to deal with a number of authorities and service providers in their activities. They have to address this step by step and in a time consuming and costly set of procedures. In many cases they cannot properly address challenges and complexities related to ensuring the inputs and services needed for their activities. Therefore, ILO project of Enhancing Job Resilience and Protecting Decent Work Conditions in Rural Communities Affected by the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Northern Lebanon should have considered the creation of a platform/One Stop Shop, managed by local development centre such as North LEDA, that would provide multilevel and multidimensional support to farmers in terms technical orientation and advise on crops, input provision, coordination among local actors and labour needs matching in local agriculture sector. This would also enhance the sustainability and continuity of project action in the future.
• Fortalecimiento del Talento Humane para la lndustria Tl en Colombia - Final evaluation La falta de una estrategia de aseguramiento de la calidad por parte de las IETDH ancla asociada a formación de capacidad instalada de las IETDH aliadas en procesos administrativos, operativos y académicos aumenta la cobertura sin controlar por la calidad en la implementación del programa. La acción sugerida es replantear los términos de contratación de las IETDH incluyendo un producto específico con indicadores concretos y medibles sobre formación de capacidad instalada para reducir las brechas de calidad en la implementación del programa teniendo en cuenta las restricciones de plazos del programa.
• Fortalecimiento del Talento Humane para la lndustria Tl en Colombia - Final evaluation La falta de participación del sector público, el sector privado y los sindicatos locales o regionales, en el diseño de un programa orientado a generar la capacidad organizacional del territorio en etapas previas a la fase de formación y prácticas empresariales. Es necesario considerar los resultados en capacidad organizacional del programa en el territorio. Una implementación con una participación complementaria de actores sociales con intereses y beneficios definidos sobre el Programa no es suficiente para generar capacidad organizacional. Es necesario vincular en actividades específicas a los actores locales con el conocimiento y la experiencia para garantizar sostenibilidad y orientación al impacto.
• Fortalecimiento del Talento Humane para la lndustria Tl en Colombia - Final evaluation La falta de un sistema de aseguramiento de la calidad del sistema de formación para el trabajo y desarrollo humano orientado a la certificación estándar de habilidades en lugar de contenidos cuyo centro sean los estudiantes y de manera complementaria las IETDH.
• Fortalecimiento del Talento Humane para la lndustria Tl en Colombia - Final evaluation Ausencia de criterios de asignación de cupos teniendo en cuenta las condiciones iniciales del ecosistema digital que afectan la tasa de deserción.
• Fortalecimiento del Talento Humane para la lndustria Tl en Colombia - Final evaluation La ausencia de interacciones regionales en el diseño del programa que potencien los resultados en emprendimiento y proyectos productivos del programa con actores de financiamiento y acompañamiento a los productos de innovación y conocimiento en el sector de las TIC propuestos por los egresados.
• Fortalecimiento del Talento Humane para la lndustria Tl en Colombia - Final evaluation Ausencia de criterios de entrada orientados a reducir el abandono durante la fase lectiva de los estudiantes.
• Fortalecimiento del Talento Humane para la lndustria Tl en Colombia - Final evaluation La relevancia de aumentar los cupos para la población femenina y de la difusión de los resultados académicos de la población femenina con el objeto de aminorar la segregación por sexo del mercado de trabajo sobre la base una mejor respuesta de la población femenina a los talleres de formación en competencias blandas, desarrollo humano, asesoría vocacional, y acompañamiento psicológico permitió cerrar una brecha de resultados en competencias iniciales al finalizar el programa evaluada a través de la comparación de la prueba diagnóstico y la prueba final.
• P&B Outcome 17 (Discrimination in employment and occupation is eliminated) - Final evaluation The use of Outcome-based funding of several Outcomes provides flexibility and potential for synergies and collaborations around mainstreaming issues, thus reducing the silo mentality often present in UN organizations. The use of different types of lightly-earmarked, or non-earmarked funding to supplement or complement existing initiatives could be replicated in the future. This is an effective way to promote adoption of cross-cutting issues in the work done at the ILO, and to foster inter-departmental collaborations.
• P&B Outcome 17 (Discrimination in employment and occupation is eliminated) - Final evaluation Taking risks and focusing on politically sensitive topics related to the world of work, such as LGBT rights, can increase the ILO’s visibility and contribute to the protection of human rights By partnering with Norway on the PRIDE Project, the ILO positioned itself as a champion of human rights in the context of Decent Work, and contributed to the wider UN effort to integrate SOGI into the human rights and non-discrimination framework. This shows the importance of being open to new and innovative initiatives by ILO departments, even if they may be politically sensitive in some regions.
• P&B Outcome 17 (Discrimination in employment and occupation is eliminated) - Final evaluation More positive and effective outcomes related to gender equality are likely to be achieved in countries that are more progressive on social issues This was especially true for the PRIDE project, and reflects the idea that the selection of countries in areas where interest was expressed by constituents facilitated the implementation of new initiatives
• P&B Outcome 17 (Discrimination in employment and occupation is eliminated) - Final evaluation Creating forums in which stakeholders can come together can help to promote gender rights in the workplace One of the key pillars related to work on Outcome 17 in South Africa was the establishment of a Gender Task Force, comprised of members from three labour unions brought together to organize and promote women’s rights in the workplace. Prior to its creation, South African union members from different organizations rarely communicated with one another on these issues. This could be extended to employers’ organizations as well.
• Vision Zero Fund – Collective Action for Safe and Healthy Supply Chains - Cluster midterm evaluation The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness about the importance of OSH in the workplace. The versatility with which the VZF addressed the pandemic demonstrates a level of adaptation to national needs and an ability to globally coordinate actions to ensure greater protection of workers.
• Vision Zero Fund – Collective Action for Safe and Healthy Supply Chains - Cluster midterm evaluation The amount of knowledge, tools, guidelines, research, good practices and lessons learned from the VZF’s global and country interventions is significant, which makes a positive contribution to the global debate on OSH. Both the effective consolidation and management of this information and VZF’s increased ability to effectively communicate findings can be strengthened considerably through better knowledge management and through the deployment of a communications strategy.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made garment sector Phase 2 (RMGP II) and Building responsible value chains in Asia through the promotion of decent work in... - Cluster evaluation DIFE's helpline service is a much-needed support to workers to raise their grievances but it would need to improve its accessibility, gender sensitivity, and prompt resolution to maintain trust and encourage utilization.The direct helpline service, which DIFE introduced, has made it easier for employees to file grievances, but there are still a number of issues that need to be resolved if the system is to be effective. First, it's crucial to guide a female caller to a female focal point when she dials the helpline since women could feel better at ease discussing delicate topics like harassment and health with a female representative. Second, more awareness and advertising campaigns are required to inform employees about the helpline and its offerings. Last but not least, it is critical to respond to complaints as soon as possible because a slow response may deter employees from using the service.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made garment sector Phase 2 (RMGP II) and Building responsible value chains in Asia through the promotion of decent work in... - Cluster evaluation A successful sectoral reform model would essentially require a strong collaborative architecture, with a range of initiatives working with a common purpose even though modalities of implementation are different. Over the past 10 years and specifically during RMGP II (since 2017), the programme has developed strong collaborations with all the tripartite constituency responsible for the RMG sector. These collaborations are with the Government (Ministry of Labour and Employment, specifically DIFE), Employers Organisations (FBCCI, BGMEA, BKMEA) and Workers Organisations (WRC, trade unions). The programme has established good links with DIFE-NI, RSC, Nirapon and other initiatives, even though each has different modalities of implementation. The programme has also facilitated inter-ministerial linkages among BIDA, DIFE, BFSCD, RAJUK, and CDA, explored interlinkages between existing licensing services provisions and initiated the digitalized OSS for industrial safety. All this, together with the evidence presented in this evaluation report, provide a good indication of a successful reform model in the RMG sector in Bangladesh.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made garment sector Phase 2 (RMGP II) and Building responsible value chains in Asia through the promotion of decent work in... - Cluster evaluation Addressing legislative gaps and ratifying conventions such as C190 can further advance country’ credentials in international export markets. There are still some gaps in the legislative framework for labour rights and safety that need to be filled in order to bring it into compliance with international labour standards (for instance, C190 is still waiting to be ratified). The convention 190 acknowledges that gender-based violence and harassment disproportionately affects women and girls, and recognizing that an inclusive, integrated and gender-responsive approach, which tackles underlying causes and risk factors, including gender stereotypes, multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination, and unequal gender-based power relations, is essential to ending violence and harassment in the world of work. While RMGP II's support has sparked momentum for essential improvements, it is essential for all stakeholders to continue supporting this momentum going forward. This will credibly enhance the country’s credentials in international export markets.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made garment sector Phase 2 (RMGP II) and Building responsible value chains in Asia through the promotion of decent work in... - Cluster evaluation Safety Plus approach has a higher potential for improvement of working conditions in the RMG factories. The RMGP over phases I and II saw a range of initiatives such as DIFE-NI, RSC, BWB, Nirapon, BIDA-FBCCI. All prioritised safety standards while some focused on the larger spectrum of social compliance issues e.g., BWB. Clearly there is a need for lessons learning from all these initiatives. Safety+ approach of compliance is likely to generate better results as have been demonstrated by the evidence compiled by this evaluation. The standards pursued by different initiatives can progressively build on the safety+ and social compliance (and subsequently environmental compliance) standards and approach as it is likely to lead to improved competitiveness and brand-value of the RMG sector and country’s exports.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made garment sector Phase 2 (RMGP II) and Building responsible value chains in Asia through the promotion of decent work in... - Cluster evaluation Still a ‘way to go’ in terms of translating enhanced DIFE capacities to achieving impact beyond the RMG sector. In theory, enhancement of DIFE’s human resources and capacities during RMGP II indicates that its impact will go beyond the RMG sector. However, in reality, further expansion and transformation would be needed to allow DIFE to make broader impact beyond the RMG sector. DIFE and its newly created structure of ISU would need further enhanced capacities and continued GoB commitments would be required to improve safety and social compliances in high-risk profile but non-RMG sectors of the country.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made garment sector Phase 2 (RMGP II) and Building responsible value chains in Asia through the promotion of decent work in... - Cluster evaluation Gender mainstreaming and an enabling working environment requires addressing societal attitudes and establishing supportive systems through continuous and consistent advocacy and innovation. The programme's continuous and consistent follow-up, awareness, and advocacy initiatives have generated a significant commitment from DIFE towards gender mainstreaming. As the DIFE GRM is 10 years long-term strategy plan, it is assumed that special attention will be given to creating opportunities and supporting women to undertake leading roles in these sectors. DIFE will expand its efforts to improve social compliance in other priority sectors, building on its success. Efforts will be made to challenge gender stereotypes and promote a positive perception of women's capacity within the country. Through the BWB, the programme initiated many innovations for empowering women workers by protecting the rights of working mothers, with a focus on long-lasting mindset changes factory floors /factory management. through comprehensive awareness campaigns at all levels.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made garment sector Phase 2 (RMGP II) and Building responsible value chains in Asia through the promotion of decent work in... - Cluster evaluation Risk-profile based strategic inspections, digitalization, and stronger enforcement capabilities are likely to pave the way for DIFE to become more effective in the future. Although DIFE's capacity has increased recently, it's crucial to note that the private sector has expanded tremendously as well. In 2019 compared to 2006, there were 33% more private industrial establishments (BBS, 2020). By extending its capacity at the same rate as the sector, DIFE may still find it challenging to keep up with the industry's expansion and fulfill its labour inspection and other roles. Therefore, DIFE's limited capacity, notably in terms of the availability of inspectors, represents a continuing concern. While future efforts to increase DIFE's capacity should still be made, there is a need to concentrate on making the most use of the current resources. Even with limited human resources, it is possible to increase the monitoring system by adopting strategic inspections guided by risk profiling and digitalization. The DIFE should prioritize inspections based on the degree of risk and vulnerability rather than on the industry's size. However, given the current legislative landscape, DIFE is unable to apply meaningful sanctions for non-compliance. Therefore, future initiatives should also focus on strengthening DIFE's enforcement capabilities. To make this work, future efforts should focus on strengthening the technical and digital proficiency of DIFE inspectors.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made garment sector Phase 2 (RMGP II) and Building responsible value chains in Asia through the promotion of decent work in... - Cluster evaluation The long-term success of the ISU relies on the active participation and support of the government, particularly in providing ongoing technical expertise and resources as the programme expands and evolves with the growing business needs. A noteworthy accomplishment of the RMGP II is the quick and effective development of ISU. However, the participation and assistance of the government will be essential to ISU's long-term success. ISU will demand more technical know-how and personnels in the future as the business keeps growing. It will be up to the government to continue to support ISU with the needed requirements for ensuring that it succeeds in its mission.
• Improving working conditions in the ready-made garment sector Phase 2 (RMGP II) and Building responsible value chains in Asia through the promotion of decent work in... - Cluster evaluation While the OSH plan of action is a valuable resource for promoting workplace safety, emphasizing its implementation, regular review, and monitoring by stakeholders is necessary to ensure its effectiveness and adaptability to evolving needs and challenges in occupational safety and health. The OSH plan of action is an excellent resource for directing efforts to promote workplace safety. However, in order to produce significant outcomes, it is necessary to emphasize the plan's implementation at various levels – Policy, industry organisations and RMG factories. The OSH strategy at all these levels should be periodically reviewed to evaluate its progress and determine any alterations, both inclusions and exclusions, which may be required to improve its efficacy. Stakeholders may make sure the plan stays relevant and adaptable to changing requirements and problems in promoting occupational safety and health in the workplace by monitoring and reviewing the plan's execution.
• Promoting Decent Work Opportunities for Non-Syrian Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Türkiye - Final cluster evaluation 1) POLITICAL Bureaucratic challenges: Turkey’s legislations, laws and policies, have resulted in delays in delivery of certain activities. Interviews with the government officials have also supported this finding. However; as evident in the progress and final reports of the projects along with their supporting documents, all indicators have been successfully achieved. 2) SOCIAL Integration challenges: For better addressing the challenges faced in terms of integration of refugees, the added- value of inclusive policy making; actively involving academics, non-governmental organizations and refugees themselves have been highlighted by a number of respondents. Acknowledging the time constraints in the project management, the development of the training modules should also include the beneficiaries themselves as much as possible. This is currently ensured through ad-hoc and planned focus group discussions with beneficiaries and their feedbacks is communicated to relevant line ministries and reflected in the training modules developed by the ILO.
• Egypt youth employment (EYE): Jobs and private sector development in rural Egypt - Final evaluation An open-ended Project Design and Project Document may enhance flexibility but will also lead to delays and differences in interpretation.
• Egypt youth employment (EYE): Jobs and private sector development in rural Egypt - Final evaluation No-cost extensions of three-year projects should not surpass an additional period of two years unless in very extreme circumstances.
• Egypt youth employment (EYE): Jobs and private sector development in rural Egypt - Final evaluation The use of the market system development approach and the Value Chain Model for rural development focusing on the linkages (‘RAWABET’) between key actors along the chain is a Good Practice.
• 2018-2020 ILO/Korea Partnership Programme funded projects in ASEAN, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam - Final evaluation A long-term partnership offers the best perspective to achieve meaningful results Experience in many countries shows that many development partners typically engage in short-term support rather than in long-term partnerships, often leaving the results of projects uncompleted and hardly sustainable. Sustainability is often defined as “the next project” to take the work up where the previous project ended. This unfortunately is one of the realities of development cooperation. The long-term partnership between the Republic of Korea and the ILO addresses this reality and offers a much better perspective to achieve meaningful results.
• 2018-2020 ILO/Korea Partnership Programme funded projects in ASEAN, Thailand, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam - Final evaluation Independent evaluations are not sufficiently taken into consideration Besides assessing the progress of projects, an important part of an evaluation is to formulate recommendations which aim to correct and/or improve weaknesses observed by the evaluators. While recommendations can be accommodated when they are deemed to be somewhat unrealistic, they should not be ignored
• Evaluación Temática Regional sobre Pisos de Protección Social - Thematic evaluation (RBSA components) La verificación del impacto de las acciones de la OIT, requiere formulaciones de ML de los proyectos de intervención orientados al impacto, indicadores de medición de impactos, y sistemas de seguimiento orientados a hacer en la marcha de los proyectos tanto gestión de conocimiento sobre aprendizajes y BP, y verificación y reporte de impactos con relación a la ampliación de cobertura, y la gestión con calidad y equidad de la P y SS como efecto de las intervenciones de la OIT.
• Evaluación Temática Regional sobre Pisos de Protección Social - Thematic evaluation (RBSA components) Conseguir que los resultados de los apoyos técnicos de la OIT tengan mayores posibilidades de ser incorporados en sistemas, planes, programas o proyectos de P y SS en los países, y mayores posibilidades de sostenibilidad y generación de impacto en la población de acuerdo a sus demandas diferenciadas, es posible lograrlo en gran medida: - Si el país ratifica los convenios de la OIT y se establecen leyes que incorporen el enfoque de PPS. - Si el proceso de diseño y formulación de propuestas o proyectos de ley sobre políticas públicas de P y SS con el apoyo de la OIT, se lleva a cabo desde de los espacios institucionales de diálogo y concertación tripartita existentes en los países, como: el CES en Honduras, la Comisión Técnica de SS del CNTPE en Perú o las Subcomisiones Departamentales de Políticas Laborales y Salariales en Colombia. - Si los espacios institucionales de diálogo y concertación tripartita, no solo son espacios para la construcción de recomendaciones de política, sino también para el empoderamiento público de los conceptos y estrategia del Piso de Protección Social, y para la creación de capacidades de gestión y seguimiento a la implementación de los convenios de la OIT y políticas públicas de P y SS con enfoque de PPS.
• Evaluación Temática Regional sobre Pisos de Protección Social - Thematic evaluation (RBSA components) Una mayor efectividad, impacto y sostenibilidad en el avance a la universalización de la P y SS, por cuenta del apoyo técnico de la OIT, es posible lograrlo en gran medida: - Si se apoya la realización de experiencias de inclusión de grupos de difícil cobertura, que demuestren de manera directa impactos inmediatos en la ampliación de cobertura, y sean replicables y escalables. - Si las experiencias de inclusión de grupos de difícil cobertura se llevan a cabo a partir de las demandas de las instituciones responsables de la gestión de la P y SS, y con sus recursos. - Si las experiencias de inclusión de grupos de difícil cobertura se acompañan de programas de formalización del empleo. - Si se logra que los resultados de los apoyos técnicos de la OIT sean incorporados de manera inmediata en los procesos de las instituciones responsables de la gestión de la P y SS, teniendo en cuenta el grado de autonomía de sus direcciones en la toma de decisiones (en algunos casos de composición tripartita) y la disposición de recursos propios institucionales para hacer las implementaciones debidas en la aplicación de los resultados.
• Market systems development for Decent Work: the Lab – Phase II - Final evaluation The market systems approach is most valuable when it is applied as a ‘whole’ rather than in parts.
• Market systems development for Decent Work: the Lab – Phase II - Final evaluation By combining the ILO’s reputation and knowledge about decent work with the MSD community’s systems development expertise, it is possible to carve out a niche which is in high demand and of significant value to the ILO, its donors and the wider field.
• Market systems development for Decent Work: the Lab – Phase II - Final evaluation Planning for sustainability requires asking “Who will do this in the long run?” and “Who will pay for this in the long run?” before an intervention starts, and then designing the intervention around the answers.
• Market systems development for Decent Work: the Lab – Phase II - Final evaluation Technical assistance is not enough to change behaviour unless it is linked to incentives.
• Market systems development for Decent Work: the Lab – Phase II - Final evaluation Results-based adaptive management is as important for objectives like “influence” that are difficult to measure, as it is for more tangible objectives. A robust measurement system tied to a clearly articulated Theory of Change is crucial to drive evidence-based learning and adaptation.
• Market systems development for Decent Work: the Lab – Phase II - Final evaluation Usually incentives change in response to a complex set of factors beyond any one project’s control. The project cannot directly change incentives, but by being opportunistic – leveraging existing incentives and capitalising on positive changes – it may be able to able to accelerate changes and promote its agenda. However, this will not happen quickly. Changing incentives is ambitious and takes time. It is usually far more complex and ambitious than changing capacities. Projects whose outcomes rely on changing incentives should be planned and resourced accordingly.
• Market systems development for Decent Work: the Lab – Phase II - Final evaluation Certain tactics are more effective than others for promoting behaviour change in large, complex organisations.  In a large organisation like the ILO, an internal technical unit is perceived as more accessible and is more likely to be used than equivalent external expertise.  When introducing a new approach, informal, relational influence is more effective for generating ‘buy-in’ for innovation than formal attempts to institutionalise change.  It can ‘translate’ external expertise into more familiar terminology and ways of working, further increasing accessibility and overcoming some of the ‘self-sufficiency’ of large organisations that can slow innovation.  How an approach or change is presented makes a big difference. Informal perceptions are highly influential. Language and terminology matter.  High-quality technical knowledge is insufficient to trigger behaviour change on its own but when it is produced in response to demand, solves a problem for its target audience, and is presented in accessible ways it can be influential.  Knowledge dissemination is as important as knowledge generation.
• Integrated Programme on Fair Recruitment (FAIR) - Phase II - Global and Hong Kong components - Final evaluation Engaging trade unions in the protection of migrant workers, research activities and international cooperation demonstrates the ownership of the results, strengthened social dialogue and sustainable partnerships between the trade unions across the borders.
• Integrated Programme on Fair Recruitment (FAIR) - Phase II - Global and Hong Kong components - Final evaluation Fair recruitment process should be efficient and prompt to meet the employers needs in the labour force and accompanied by comprehensive system of human rights protection including monitoring mechanisms with the participation of wide range of stakeholders
• Integrated Programme on Fair Recruitment (FAIR) - Phase II - Global and Hong Kong components - Final evaluation Business associations and associations of the recruitment agencies are willing to incorporate ILO’s General Principles and Operational Guidelines for Fair Recruitment into their policy and normative framework to justify and guide field-based activities, thereby giving a basis for sustainability and the indication to work with business associations in a proactive way in various sectors
• Integrated Programme on Fair Recruitment (FAIR) - Phase II - Global and Hong Kong components - Final evaluation Under Output 1.1. “Key stakeholders in Jordan and Nepal have improved their capacities to fairly recruit workers in the garment sector” and in collaboration with the ILO Better Work Jordan project, in 2019 and 2020 the Project trained 39 labour inspectors (27 men, 12 women) on compliance with internal labour standards with a focus on fair recruitment in garment factories including hiring of Nepali workers. Though labour inspectors received this training, the key informants expressed the doubt that they will be engaged in monitoring working conditions of migrants workers.
• Promoting indigenous peoples' human development and social inclusion in the context of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development - Midterm evaluation Bringing different funding streams under one umbrella, as in the case of the two pillars evaluated, broadens the reach of projects due to a larger overall budget. However, as seen in the Indigenous Navigator, the limited flexibility to move funds between funding stream can cause imbalances affecting the implementation of the project. This is particularly significant when facing challenges at the beginning of the results chain with knock-on effects for downstream deliverables.
• Promoting indigenous peoples' human development and social inclusion in the context of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development - Midterm evaluation Focus group discussion with women, facilitated by female community facilitators is rare opportunities for indigenous women to reflect and share their views about their livelihoods jointly.
• Promoting indigenous peoples' human development and social inclusion in the context of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development - Midterm evaluation The evaluability of projects is enhanced with a proper monitoring system. Having outputs and outcomes linked to qualitative and quantitative indicators with baselines, time-bound milestones and targets supports results-based management and provides a solid basis for evaluability. Combined with collecting case studies such an approach can provide valuable quantitative and qualitative data set as a basis for evaluations.
• Fair recruitment and decent work for women migrant workers in South Asia and the Middle East - Global Component - Midterm Evaluation Advocacy for legislation in India on domestic work is ongoing. In the meanwhile, the Jharkhand branch of the National Domestic Workers Union is in the process of registering a cooperative of domestic workers that will contribute to formalization of the occupation. This initiative is being supported by WIF. The cooperative plans to negotiate contracts with institutions and Resident Welfare Societies for cleaning of their premises by a team of domestic workers. The contracts will include employer contribution to Provident Fund and Health Insurance for the team members. They will be trained in using professional cleaning equipment and the cooperative will invest part of its share capital in such equipment. All union members are encouraged to buy shares in the cooperative with their savings. In return they can avail of loans on favourable terms for starting small businesses that can complement their incomes from domestic work.
• Fair recruitment and decent work for women migrant workers in South Asia and the Middle East - Global Component - Midterm Evaluation Vocational training and placement even in decent working and living conditions is not sufficient to reap the benefits of migration. Post placement support is necessary particularly for young, rural women being trained and placed in an urban, industrial setting. Such support can create an informal network of industrial workers in enterprises where formal unions do not yet exist. Gram Tarang, Odisha, a recognized vocational training provider, provides post placement support to the workers from Odisha that it places in the apparel industry in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. It does not promote union membership as this would be unacceptable to the employers it works with. Instead, solidarity among the girls is created through a buddy programme. This is now being augmented by the planned creation of a digital community using mobile phone technology that does not require smart phones.
• National Rural Employment Strategy in Lao PDR towards increasing opportunities for decent and productive employment in rural areas - Final evaluation Successful interventions must be replicated or scaled-up in order to achieve results. Synergies should be pursued to achieve replication. The project should engage the development partners, NGO, and donors systematically and periodically, since the beginning of the project. These can be done by inviting them to attend the national and provincial level project coordination meetings that are hosted by the Lao Government. Through this platform, the project could sensitize and raise awareness of effectiveness of the ILO tools, approaches and models, to promote replication. This includes advocating the WB PRF to adopt the labour intensive infrastructure approach nationwide.
• National Rural Employment Strategy in Lao PDR towards increasing opportunities for decent and productive employment in rural areas - Final evaluation A strong MEL system that generates technically adequate information is essential to proper project management. It is equally important that the project and the project partners review project logframe at the beginning of the project to clarify the objectives, outputs and strategy with stakeholders so that all stakeholders have clear and common understanding of what are to be achieved under the project.
• Promoting Decent Work for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens - Cluster evaluation A lack of indicators for qualitative indicators can hinder the motivation to progress towards stakeholder engagement and satisfaction, as well as impact and sustainability. The evaluation learnt that relying primarily on quantitative indicators, such as enrollment targets and short-term employment outcomes resulted in a focus on short-term goals rather than long-term impact and sustainability. Important programme dimensions were left out of the assessment of programme achievements. Work-based learning, for example, depends on its effectiveness in terms of the quality of mentoring, feedback, and delegation by supervisors. The retention rate of employment after finishing WBL was included as an indicator, which contributed to devoting efforts to increase the sustainability of formal employment through WBL. However, the completion rate of trainings, KIGEP's influence on sustainable employment, or the quotas set for women were not part of the M&E framework as an indicator.
• Promoting Decent Work for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens - Cluster evaluation A lack of clear strategic direction from the outset can hinder the ability to analyse results of impact and sustainability. The initial programme document’s problem analysis and strategy formulation document were relatively broad, affecting overall assessment and long-term planning. A more consistent and focused strategy from the beginning would have enabled better evaluation and sustainability of outcomes and led to a stronger focus on governance building and agenda-setting.
• Promoting Decent Work for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens - Cluster evaluation Close engagement and advocacy with government agencies responsible for relevant policies and procedures is essential to provide sustainable and impactful support for vulnerable groups under temporary protection. The evaluation highlighted that challenges such as shifting administrative requirements and evolving external policies can hinder the sustainability and impact of support efforts, such as facilitating work permits, registration, and financial incentives for employment. For example, due to regulations, Syrians under Temporary Protection (SuTP) need to be supported repeatedly, as each year, they have to obtain a permit. Many respondents indicated they do not have the (financial) resources to re-apply, and therefore land back into informality. Additionally, in some municipalities, respondents noted that local procedures conflicted with national laws. E.g. the workplace license can only be granted if the national approval has been obtained, but the national approval can only be granted if the local permit has been granted. The programme team recognised this issue and increased efforts to engage with relevant authorities through advocacy and collaboration to ensure long-term, effective assistance for those with temporary status.
• Promoting Decent Work for Syrians under Temporary Protection and Turkish Citizens - Cluster evaluation It is necessary to assess where implementation can be streamlined through national, rather than local cooperation to ensure sufficient monitoring and quality assurance of programmes. The evaluation found that with implementing programmes and activities across multiple provinces with numerous local partners, monitoring and quality assurance could become challenging, especially where partners lacked sufficient capacity and knowledge.
• Estrategia Regional de Integración Socioeconómica para la población refugiada y migrante proveniente de Venezuela (ERISE) y contribución del proyecto LAZOS - Evaluacion agrupada intermedia Un proyecto diseñado con objetivos regionales y nacionales requiere de equipos de coordinación tanto a nivel regional y nacional. La coordinación regional, al contar con objetivos de alcance regional específicos, no cuenta con la capacidad para asumir responsabilidades de una coordinación nacional sin descuidar el foco en la mirada regional.
• Estrategia Regional de Integración Socioeconómica para la población refugiada y migrante proveniente de Venezuela (ERISE) y contribución del proyecto LAZOS - Evaluacion agrupada intermedia La implementación de un Proyecto que depende de la voluntad política y el compromiso de los gobiernos debe incorporar un componente de incidencia en política pública. Esto es esencial para poder prevenir y/o acompañar los cambios en las agendas políticas de los estados nacionales.
• Estrategia Regional de Integración Socioeconómica para la población refugiada y migrante proveniente de Venezuela (ERISE) y contribución del proyecto LAZOS - Evaluacion agrupada intermedia La decisión de basar los indicadores y metas en la población beneficiaria final, en lugar de los destinatarios directos previstos por el modelo del Proyecto Lazos, dificulta el monitoreo de los efectos directos del fortalecimiento a nivel institucional en los plazos previstos. Asimismo, demanda un importante esfuerzo de recolección de datos para la generación de evidencia.
• Estrategia Regional de Integración Socioeconómica para la población refugiada y migrante proveniente de Venezuela (ERISE) y contribución del proyecto LAZOS - Evaluacion agrupada intermedia El involucramiento comprometido de los actores clave en el Proyecto durante las reuniones de inicio es fundamental para coordinar las expectativas en términos de resultados esperados y planes de implementación.
• Estrategia Regional de Integración Socioeconómica para la población refugiada y migrante proveniente de Venezuela (ERISE) y contribución del proyecto LAZOS - Evaluacion agrupada intermedia Al no existir una coordinación central, no hay responsables claros de los ejes, mecanismos de cooperación ni temáticas. Esto genera una falta de mecanismos de aprendizaje, que permitan conocer los avances de la Estrategia con respecto al logro de sus objetivos.
• Estrategia Regional de Integración Socioeconómica para la población refugiada y migrante proveniente de Venezuela (ERISE) y contribución del proyecto LAZOS - Evaluacion agrupada intermedia La incorporación de la promoción de la igualdad de género en el documento de la Estrategia no es suficiente para que las iniciativas puntuales que se llevan a cabo en su marco incluyan un enfoque de género.
• Estrategia Regional de Integración Socioeconómica para la población refugiada y migrante proveniente de Venezuela (ERISE) y contribución del proyecto LAZOS - Evaluacion agrupada intermedia La generación de lineamientos no vinculantes en el marco del PdQ y la R4V dificulta, al interior de cada país, la aplicación del conocimiento generado y compartido en estos ámbitos, y pone en relieve la importancia de acciones de incidencia y sensibilización de las temáticas de los ejes.
• Thematic evaluation of the ILO ROAS gender work in the region with emphasis on the SIDA funded ILO- UN Women Joint Programme Future joint programmes between ILO and other UN organizations should adopt a harmonized implementation approach based on continuous communication and collaboration and mutual accountability. For joint programmes to drive change effectively, they need not only a cohesive strategic design but also well-structured and harmonized implementation mechanisms, anchored in a regular and systematic exchange between the partners to facilitate their involvement beyond their specific areas of responsibilities. This approach should allow participating agencies to contribute their expertise, leverage their unique strengths, and, through ongoing collaboration and communication, remain mutually accountable while working together to achieve the programme’s results
• Thematic evaluation of the ILO ROAS gender work in the region with emphasis on the SIDA funded ILO- UN Women Joint Programme Professionalizing female-dominated occupations such as education by improving legislation, policies, and working conditions might serve as an entry point for expanding gender equality across other employment sectors like childcare. The ILO in Jordan, through ongoing contributions from the Norway funded Decent Work for Women Project, and in coalition with its national partners, the "Stand Up with the Teacher" campaign and the General Federation of Jordanian Trade Union (GFJTU), succeeded in the adoption of a Collective Bargain Agreement including a unified labour contract for workers in private education, mostly women workers, that aims to enhance the labour rights of workers in private educational institutions by extending the initial contract period from ten to twelve months. The new provisions also require all relevant parties to automate the unified contract, making it electronic to ensure the rights of the workforce in the private education sector and prevent any manipulation by certain entities. Based on this experience, the ILO Country Office in Jordan will extend this strategy along with the Ministry of Labour, the Ministry of Education and the Social Security Corporation to develop a digital system/platform to extend benefits to female teachers and childcare givers working in private kindergartens and nurseries in the private sector.
• Egypt Youth Employment: Economic Empowerment under FORSA programme The absence of outcome-level indicators can hinder the monitoring and evaluation of the project The evaluation team was hindered in measuring effectiveness by a lack of clear understanding of what was expected under the outcome “increased access to wage employment for youth in targeted areas”
• Egypt Youth Employment: Economic Empowerment under FORSA programme The design of wage-employment activities should be closely aligned with the job offers available If there are no suitable jobs available in the vicinity of the beneficiaries, or the jobs are unsuitable for specific people (e.g. women), the employability trainings may enhance skills but will not enhance the employment rate of beneficiaries. If there is a general low offer of jobs in an area, the provision of training would not enhance the opportunity of people to find employment
• Egypt Youth Employment: Economic Empowerment under FORSA programme Project implementation may be significantly impacted by the quality and timeliness of parallel national efforts If a project comprises technical assistance to a national programme, the project may be affected by challenges and delays outside its control if such issues arise in the national programme.
• Building capacity for social compliance of investments in agriculture in Africa - Final Evaluation Sustainability is a key investment criterion: Integrating sustainability into financial decision-making enhances risk management, regulatory compliance, and long-term development impact.
• Building capacity for social compliance of investments in agriculture in Africa - Final Evaluation Cultural responsiveness enhances effectiveness: Adapting project outputs to local norms and socioeconomic contexts enhanced relevance, effectiveness, and stakeholder engagement in sustainability initiatives.
• Building capacity for social compliance of investments in agriculture in Africa - Final Evaluation Strategic Partnerships Amplify Impact: Strategic partnerships with other organizations enhanced regional alignment, facilitated sustainability adoption, and amplified the project's outreach and impact.
• Building capacity for social compliance of investments in agriculture in Africa - Final Evaluation Gender Integration Requires a Strategic Framework: A dedicated gender strategy with clear objectives and measurable targets is essential for ensuring systematic and impactful gender integration in financial and sustainability initiatives.
• Building capacity for social compliance of investments in agriculture in Africa - Final Evaluation Tailored Capacity Building is essential for effective Knowledge Transfer: Tailored capacity building, aligned with institutional readiness, enhances knowledge transfer and ensures the long-term sustainability of sustainability practices.
• Opportunity Salone Programme – Jobs and Growth programme in Sierra Leone Continuous alignment with evolving national and international frameworks is crucial. Remaining adaptable and responsive to changing priorities helps maintain relevance and effectiveness. Regular stakeholder feedback is essential to ensure ongoing alignment with emerging needs and priorities.
• Opportunity Salone Programme – Jobs and Growth programme in Sierra Leone Comprehensive risk mitigation strategies are vital for project success. While the intervention logic may be sound, unforeseen challenges can arise. Developing robust risk management plans and regularly updating them can help projects remain resilient and adaptable.
• Opportunity Salone Programme – Jobs and Growth programme in Sierra Leone Strong partnerships enhance project coherence and impact. Collaboration with a diverse range of stakeholders, including government bodies and private sector actors, ensures alignment with broader development goals.
• Opportunity Salone Programme – Jobs and Growth programme in Sierra Leone Continuous promotion of inclusive practices and active participation of marginalized groups is essential for project success. Projects that ensure that women, PwDs, and youth remain central to decision-making and leadership roles are more efficacious. Regular assessments and adjustments maintain and deepen these inclusive practices
• Opportunity Salone Programme – Jobs and Growth programme in Sierra Leone Efficient resource allocation and management are fundamental for project success. Human resource shortages and poor logistical planning can significantly derail project implementation.
• Programa de Formación Profesional en Colombia – Evaluación agrupada independiente Efectividad y eficiencia de la metodología bottom up: La metodología bottom up como ejercicio de diálogo social fomenta la gestión de recursos basada en la confianza que permite el desarrollo de mecanismos de cooperación entre los mandantes en torno a los ejes estratégicos de política pública. La metodología bottom up es un ejercicio de diálogo social que dinamiza los ejes estratégicos de política pública a través de la participación de los mandantes en territorio. En tal sentido, promueve la inclusión de los intereses, motivaciones y capacidades del sector público (Ministerio de Trabajo y Alcaldías), sector empresarial agremiado y Sindicatos. A la vez, involucra en la construcción social a las Instituciones de Educación para el Trabajo y Desarrollo Humano. La participación genera confianza y la confianza facilita la cooperación entre los mandantes.
• Programa de Formación Profesional en Colombia – Evaluación agrupada independiente Adaptación a contextos locales: La metodología bottom up puede adaptarse mejor a los contextos locales y a las capacidades organizacionales específicas para fortalecer la visión estratégica de formación de capacidades del PFP. La metodología bottom up esta sobreexpuesta a los resultados de corto plazo de los proyectos con lo cual se crea un sesgo en la construcción de recomendaciones que puede dejar por fuera la formación de capacidades en los mandantes criticas para convertir la ruta de empleo, empleabilidad y emprendimiento en una trayectoria sostenible de movilidad ocupacional, educativa y trabajo decente.
• Programa de Formación Profesional en Colombia – Evaluación agrupada independiente Eficacia de la formación en competencias laborales: La formación en competencias laborales ha demostrado ser efectiva para mejorar la empleabilidad y el emprendimiento a corto plazo. Sin embargo, persisten desafíos en la formación de capacidades orientados a la mejora de la movilidad educativa y ocupacional, objetivos del PFP, del MNC y del SFT.Los productos (certificaciones) y resultados (indicadores en el mercado de trabajo) señalan aumentos en el acceso a formación para el trabajo, la empleabilidad de población vulnerable y emprendimiento. Sin embargo, los efectos son transitorios debido a la desarticulación de la oferta educativa para la población vulnerable y la falta de capacidades estratégicas para orientar a los graduados y graduadas en trayectorias de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global The SCORE M&E database is rich in information allowing interesting analytical work, though caution is needed in generating and use of data.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global A revised approach that emphasizes supply chain leaders’ interest in enhancing governance, sustainability, and the quality of their suppliers may prove to be more effective. The buy-in of key actors in supply chains may be more substantial if the approach focuses more on supply chain integration and governance and due diligence requirements, especially the certification processes of SMEs.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global The baseline situation in a country for a certain development objective should be assessed well before project design phase.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global The sectoral technical centers (CTS) in Tunisia were implementing SCORE programme in the targeted companies that were already their clients. SCORE offers a development of the human dimension and staff participation in the production processes and decision-making in the SMEs, as an addition to the Kaizen programme.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global ILO’s marketing and communication efforts in the frames of the SCORE project's phase IV have been weak and limited primarily to its networks. As the ILO is neither an SME development nor a business development services provider, it lacks recognition within SME communities. To ensure that the SCORE service reaches the market, it is essential to enhance and proactively engage in communication and marketing of SCORE training within these sectors.
• Sustaining Competitive and Responsible Enterprises (SCORE) Phase IV - Global Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) that understand the importance and recognize the value of Business Development Services (BDS) are more inclined to invest in them. Otherwise, they may benefit from national subsidy programmes. Additionally, SMEs that pay for SCORE services tend to use SCORE training and methods more effectively, leading to a better integration of enterprise improvement teams within their organizations.
• South East Asia regional programme for labour migration in the fishing sector - Final evaluation Despite extensive training efforts in labour inspection, human trafficking awareness, and safe migration, ongoing capacity building is required for lasting impact.
• South East Asia regional programme for labour migration in the fishing sector - Final evaluation Greater regional collaboration within ASEAN is essential to align legal and policy frameworks, ensuring consistent protections for migrant workers across Southeast Asia.
• South East Asia regional programme for labour migration in the fishing sector - Final evaluation Tailored communication strategies, focusing on cultural and linguistic relevance, are vital for engaging migrant workers and increasing awareness of safe migration practices.
• Employment through Labour Intensive Infrastructure Programs in Lebanon (Phase IV and V) and in Jordan (Phase VI) - Clustered evaluation For the sake of relevance and sustainability select infrastructure subjects that can be implemented by low-skilled workers and with minimum maintenance needs. Alternatively, the program must sign an agreement with an external donor that will take care of the maintenance needed. This applies to Lebanese municipalities as they face significant financial constraints.
• Employment through Labour Intensive Infrastructure Programs in Lebanon (Phase IV and V) and in Jordan (Phase VI) - Clustered evaluation In Lebanon workers were not available in the localities where projects were planned. This led to a situation where the programme had to mobilise workers outside the communities where the intervention took place. This reduces the chance that the project contributes to reduce social tensions between refugees and host community members. To strengthen the likelihood that the program contributes to minimizing community tensions between host community members and Syrian refugees, ‘availability of workers’ must be introduced as a criterion when project sites are selected.
• Promotion of Innovative and Formal Entrepreneurship in Senegal and The Gambia Les études préliminaires (priorisation des chaînes de valeur, étude de faisabilité et diagnostic genre) ont joué un rôle crucial en orientant efficacement la mise en œuvre des activités et en contribuant de manière significative à l’atteinte des résultats.
• Promotion of Innovative and Formal Entrepreneurship in Senegal and The Gambia La compétition de plans d’affaires organisée en Gambie en juin 2022 a été diffusée à la télévision, suscitant un grand intérêt au niveau national. Elle s’est conclue par une remise de prix aux meilleurs plans d’affaires. Cependant, quatre participants qui n’avaient pas remporté de prix ont tout de même vu leurs projets financés par des donateurs qui avaient suivi l’événement à la télévision. Cette activité a non seulement offert une grande visibilité aux participants, mais a également généré des résultats positifs inattendus, avec le financement de plans d’affaires non gagnants pour leur mise en œuvre
• Promotion of Innovative and Formal Entrepreneurship in Senegal and The Gambia L'intégration des besoins liés à la formalisation de l'économie informelle dans les priorités nationales en Gambie et au Sénégal, celles des partenaires au développement et les attentes spécifiques des bénéficiaires (jeunes entrepreneurs, récupérateurs de déchets) renforcent leur adhésion et leur implication dans le projet.
• Promotion of Innovative and Formal Entrepreneurship in Senegal and The Gambia L'élaboration d'un cadre logique et d'une théorie de changement a permis de mieux orienter les interventions des activités du Projet et d'assurer un suivi efficace de leur mise en œuvre. Cependant, l'absence d'un cadre de suivi de performance structuré et d'un chargé de suivi-évaluation interne n’a pas facilité l’évaluation les résultats et impacts du projet.
• Promotion of Innovative and Formal Entrepreneurship in Senegal and The Gambia Prendre en compte les délais institutionnels et politiques dans la définition des indicateurs liés à l’adoption de textes de loi, car leur réalisation dépend non seulement de l’efficacité de l’équipe technique, mais aussi des dynamiques politiques et stratégiques.
• Promotion of Innovative and Formal Entrepreneurship in Senegal and The Gambia Nécessité d’adapter le contenu pédagogique au profil des participants du module 'Formalisez Votre Entreprise' (FVE) afin d’assurer une meilleure appropriation.
• Promotion of Innovative and Formal Entrepreneurship in Senegal and The Gambia La formation sur la production de jus et de sirops organisée dans le cadre du projet a également servir à diversifier la production des société coopératives avec l’introduction de nouveau produit tels que les cocktails à base de fruits locaux, tels que le gingembre et l’ananas. Ceci encourage l’innovation et valorise les ressources locales.
• Promotion of Innovative and Formal Entrepreneurship in Senegal and The Gambia La collaboration entre l’OIT et la Chambre de commerce et d’industrie (GCCI) a conduit à un renforcement des capacités des services comptables de la GCCI. Cette collaboration a permis une amélioration notable de leur système de comptabilité. Cette expérience démontre l’efficacité du partenariat stratégique entre l’OIT ET LA GCCI pour renforcer les capacités institutionnelles et opérationnelles des organisations partenaires.
• Egypt Skills for Prosperity (S4P): HELW – Higher Education for Life and Work - Final evaluation 1. Throughout the Execution & Monitoring Phases (Enhancing Monitoring and Reporting within the HELW Project): Utilizing assessment tools, such as surveys at workshops or events, should not only serve as mere evaluations but also inform decision-making and overall progress through their results. Inadequate harmonization and formal implementation of follow-up tools impede effective monitoring and evaluation of project outcomes.
• Egypt Skills for Prosperity (S4P): HELW – Higher Education for Life and Work - Final evaluation In the Closure Phase (For Improving the Development of Exit Strategies): Implementing an electronic monitoring system to gather and validate beneficiary data ensures updated results and facilitates tracking project outcomes. The absence of comprehensive, validated systematic reports obstructs the closure phase and leads to misinterpretation of the project's efforts.
• Egypt Skills for Prosperity (S4P): HELW – Higher Education for Life and Work - Final evaluation 1. During the Initiation & Planning phases (Enhancing the Design and Inception Stages of the HELW Project) Insufficient clarity and linkage in a project's program theory during the design or inception phase led to ambiguous connections between activities and desired outcomes. Strengthening the inception phase in intricate interventions results in a more robust implementation plan, enhancing clarity, effective prioritization of actions, interlinking, and regional motivation. Selecting participating institutions, partners, and governmental entities aligned with the project’s requirements ensures perfect alignment with the GoE vision.
• Promouvoir la cohésion sociale grâce à l'inclusion économique et la création d'emplois pour les réfugiés et les communautés d'accueil dans la Moughataa de Bassikounou : Le projet cible les groupes vulnérables issus des jeunes réfugiés et des communautés d’accueil (jeunes décrocheurs scolaires, femmes, orphelins, etc.). Ces jeunes n’avaient pas la possibilité d’obtenir des compétences sanctionnées par des diplômes en dehors du système officiel de formation professionnelle dont les offres sont inexistantes à Bassikounou. Ainsi, les activités de formation sur place constituent un refuge et une opportunité importante pour ces groupes vulnérables d’accéder à la formation professionnelle et d’obtenir des compétences pour intégrer le marché du travail.
• Promouvoir la cohésion sociale grâce à l'inclusion économique et la création d'emplois pour les réfugiés et les communautés d'accueil dans la Moughataa de Bassikounou La modalité de formation chantier-école, qui a été choisie pour mettre en œuvre l'activité de construction du projet est bien adaptée à l'objectif de renforcement des capacités du projet. Néanmoins, la longue durée prévue des travaux (6 à 8 mois) représente un défi en termes de mise en œuvre pour un projet d'un an et/ou avec des budgets annuels, car elle laissait des marges de manœuvres limitées dans la mise en œuvre.
• Promouvoir la cohésion sociale grâce à l'inclusion économique et la création d'emplois pour les réfugiés et les communautés d'accueil dans la Moughataa de Bassikounou Les formations en ligne et hybrides sont un excellent moyen d’atténuer l’impact de la pandémie et d’économiser beaucoup de temps et de fonds en termes de ressources humaines, permettant ainsi une participation plus large et une rentabilité accrue. Le projet étant mis en œuvre à 1 400 km de Nouakchott et compte tenu des longues distances entre les localités (Fassala, Mbera, Bassikounou, …) et de l'accès limité à Internet, les formations en face à face nécessitent des fonds considérables, notamment pour les déplacements et restauration. Cependant, les contraintes de la formation en ligne incluent le fait qu'en raison du problème d'accès et de qualité de la connectivité Internet, certains partenaires et bénéficiaires ayant un accès limité aux télécommunications peuvent être laissés de côté.
• Promouvoir la cohésion sociale grâce à l'inclusion économique et la création d'emplois pour les réfugiés et les communautés d'accueil dans la Moughataa de Bassikounou Au démarrage de chaque année de mise en œuvre du projet, le BIT a organisé en collaboration avec les autorités locales, le HCR et les organisations locales une série d’ateliers de concertation en novembre 2022 à Bassikounou, Fassala et au camp de Mbera. L’objectif de ces activités était de présenter et de recueillir les recommandations des différentes parties prenantes pour les activités prévues dans le cadre de la nouvelle phase du projet, les sensibiliser sur le fonctionnement des centres de formation professionnelle et son lien avec les services de développement et d’insertion des entreprises (SAE-SAI), et les informer sur les différentes formations disponibles dans les centres. L'implication effective des partenaires au moment de la formulation du projet a eu l'avantage de faciliter l'appropriation des objectifs et des résultats ainsi que la mise en œuvre du projet
• Advancing the Decent Work Agenda in North Africa “ADWA (Phase I)” and Advancing the Decent Work Agenda in North Africa and the Levant “ADWA (Phase II)” - Clustered evaluation Another important lesson learned from the ADWA projects is the critical need to tailor project interventions to the specific socio-economic and political contexts of each country. This lesson is linked to the action of customizing stakeholder engagement and policy implementation approaches. For instance, approaches required specific customization to align with the unique circumstances of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. This experience highlighted the necessity of conducting thorough contextual analyses and being flexible in adapting methodologies to meet local needs and conditions effectively.
• Advancing the Decent Work Agenda in North Africa “ADWA (Phase I)” and Advancing the Decent Work Agenda in North Africa and the Levant “ADWA (Phase II)” - Clustered evaluation One of the key lessons learned from the ADWA projects is the critical importance of early and consistent engagement with national stakeholders. This lesson is linked to the action of conducting regular meetings and consultations with key partners. These engagements were essential for aligning project activities with national priorities, ensuring stakeholder buy-in, and fostering a sense of ownership. By engaging stakeholders early, projects can ensure that activities align with national priorities and garner strong support.
• Advancing the Decent Work Agenda in North Africa “ADWA (Phase I)” and Advancing the Decent Work Agenda in North Africa and the Levant “ADWA (Phase II)” - Clustered evaluation The ADWA projects learned that political and economic instability significantly impacts project implementation and outcomes. This lesson is linked to the action of developing contingency plans and flexible project designs. Various challenges arose from fluctuating political landscapes and economic conditions in the target countries, emphasizing the importance of anticipating potential disruptions and developing strategies to mitigate their impact. By doing so, projects are better positioned to maintain progress and achieve their objectives despite adverse conditions.
• Stimulating innovation and impact insurance in Africa - Midterm evaluation Learnings on how the PPPs can be designed more effectively and more efficiently by leveraging on the partnership and designing & co-creating it with the Programme Donor.
• Stimulating innovation and impact insurance in Africa - Midterm evaluation The approach to test and learn new products, processes, and partnerships is performed in a best way as a pilot project in a controlled environment.
• Stimulating innovation and impact insurance in Africa - Midterm evaluation ILO administrative resources and issues (staff, financial resources, design, implementation) should be sufficiently on disposal, especially in project design phase.
• Stimulating innovation and impact insurance in Africa - Midterm evaluation Evidence-based advocacy is necessary in terms of policy changes.
• Stimulating innovation and impact insurance in Africa - Midterm evaluation A participatory bottom-up approach with the insurer, with the users of the insurance in order to ensure product sustainability should be used when designing an insurance product.
• Stimulating innovation and impact insurance in Africa - Midterm evaluation Time is needed for people to get used to buying insurance.
• Supporting Resilience and Social Cohesion with Decent Livelihood Opportunities The "İşimi Öğreniyorum" (On-the-Job Training) program under Objective 1 has successfully enhanced employment opportunities for both refugees and HC members while fostering social cohesion in the workplace. Expanding the program to additional provinces could further amplify its impact, but adjustments to the incentive structure will be essential to maintain workplace harmony and peace. it is recommended that future iterations of the program should continue without the provision of financial incentives. This adjustment would help mitigate the risk of internal conflicts and ensure a more harmonious integration of new recruits into the workforce, without diminishing the morale of existing staff.
• Supporting Resilience and Social Cohesion with Decent Livelihood Opportunities A just transition means promoting a green economy in a manner that is fair and inclusive for all stakeholders—workers, enterprises, and communities —by creating decent work opportunities and ensuring that no one is left behind. A well-managed just transition should contribute to the objectives of decent work for all, social inclusion, poverty eradication, and environmental sustainability (Castillo, Monica, Green jobs, green economy, just transition and related concepts: A review of definitions developed through intergovernmental processes and international organizations, Geneva: ILO, 2023). It is clear that green jobs are essential for achieving sustainable development: they reduce negative environmental impacts, promote social justice, and offer economic opportunities. In light of this understanding, Objective 2 of the project aimed to create "more and better income opportunities for refugees and HC through sustainable income generation and job creation." While the project has made significant strides in promoting green jobs within cooperatives and some SMEs, a more consistent and comprehensive understanding of green economy practices across all sectors is needed. Establishing clear definitions and examples will help standardize the concept of green jobs and ensure that future initiatives remain aligned with the project’s objectives.
• Projet d’appui à l’internalisation des modules de formation en Entreprenariat dans le système de Formation Professionnelle et dans l’Artisanat - Final evaluation Leçon apprise No 1 La conception d’un projet multi-acteurs sur l’internalisation des modules de formation sur l’entreprenariat jeunes nécessite une consultation approfondie et un diagnostic des besoins des parties prenantes clés pour sa mise en œuvre, et le suivi des engagements spécifiques afin de garantir une participation et l’appropriation de l’approche stratégique du projet. Cet aspect important du cycle des projets a été fortement pris en compte dans le cas du projet SEN 20/01/LUX. Le projet obéit à un processus de mise en commun des modules du BIT dans les programmes et curricula de formation professionnelle et technique du MEFPA pour les apprenants, et la mise à disposition des supports et manuels de formation aux centres de formation (CFP) et Centres des métiers (CM).
• Projet d’appui à l’internalisation des modules de formation en Entreprenariat dans le système de Formation Professionnelle et dans l’Artisanat - Final evaluation Leçon apprise No 2 La structure managériale de tout projet multi-acteurs nécessite la mise en place d’un comité de pilotage pour faciliter la participation des mandants à sa gestion, l’orientation des besoins organisationnels et la prise des décisions stratégiques et opérationnelles durant la mise en oeuvre de ce projet. Ce principe fondamentale de conception de projet a été un succès pris en compte dans la conception et la mise en oeuvre de ce projet. La structure managériale du projet a prévu un comité de pilotage composé des représentants du MEFPA, MINFI, BIT, Lux Dev et Grand-Duché du Luxembourg. L’objectif était de garantir des conditions idoines à la prise des décisions notamment via les échanges d’idées et des avancées engendrées durant la mise en œuvre tout en tenant compte des faiblesses ou goulots d’étranglement qui nécessitent des ajustements.
• Projet d’appui à l’internalisation des modules de formation en Entreprenariat dans le système de Formation Professionnelle et dans l’Artisanat - Final evaluation Leçon apprise No 3 Pour un projet axé sur les résultats dont les volets opérationnels sont complémentaires, la partition de ces volets à plusieurs organisations ne renseigne pas suffisamment sur l’état des lieux et sur la perception de l’impact attendu. Le projet comprend deux volets dont un volet internalisation des modules dans les curricula de formation professionnelle confié au BIT, et le deuxième volet consacré à l’insertion des sortants et apprenants confié à Lux Dev. Le suivi de la mise en œuvre des deux volets est fait durant les rencontres du COPIL uniquement. Mais les deux entités du projet sont complémentaires.
• Projet d’appui à l’internalisation des modules de formation en Entreprenariat dans le système de Formation Professionnelle et dans l’Artisanat - Final evaluation Leçon apprise No 4 La COVID-19 n’a pas été une contrainte dans la mise en oeuvre des activités du projet SEN 20/01/LUX, mais plutôt une opportunité dans la mesure où les formes d’adaptation ont été d’un avantage inouï particulièrement pour les formations en ligne, et les rencontres multi-acteurs y compris les réunions de planification et de suivi. La période de mise en œuvre du projet s’est déroulée pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 et postpandémie. Plusieurs activités étaient supposées de tenir en présentiel, mais l’équipe de gestion du projet a adopté le mode virtuel non seulement les réunions mais aussi pour certaines sessions de formation. Il en est de même pour les formations du BIT avec le CIF de Turin.
• Promoting Workers’ Rights and Gender Equality at Work in Africa - Final evaluation Engaging with small- and medium-sized firms in Ethiopia on the establishment of childcare centres proved more effective than with large companies.In Ethiopia, the project collaborated with four garment and textile companies, selected from a pool of 12 that underwent a “factory assessment” to design relevant care solutions. One of the solutions was setting-up childcare centres at the companies. To test the feasibility and suitability in different company settings, four companies were selected with different sizes and staff numbers. These companies, located in various parts of Addis Ababa, have staff sizes ranging from 50 to 600 workers, most of whom are women. The underlying idea was to gather experience for future interventions of this kind. Furthermore, involving a large company should signal to smaller and medium-sized companies that investing in childcare centres is worthwhile.
• Promoting Workers’ Rights and Gender Equality at Work in Africa - Final evaluation Making the business case for Care@Work and the provision of child-care centres was essential for single business owners to engage and commit to investments. In Ethiopia, the project collaborated with four garment and textile companies, selected from a pool of 12 that underwent a “factory assessment” to design relevant care solutions. One of the solutions was setting-up childcare centres at the companies. To test the feasibility and suitability in different company settings, four companies were selected with different sizes and staff numbers. These companies, located in various parts of Addis Ababa, have staff sizes ranging from 50 to 600 workers, most of whom are women. From the onset, the project team followed an approach to highlighting the business case to owners, namely that the setting-up of in-company childcare centres creates a positive return on investment. The approach contributed to motivate business owners to engage – and it should also motivate them to maintain these centres going forward, contributing to sustainability.
• Bringing Back Jobs Safely under the COVID-19 Crisis in the Philippines - Final evaluation Following the nature of the pandemic, there is rapid change in the context and the volatility of the situation must be factored in on all aspects of the project. Exercising adaptive management in terms of finding more relevance during the implementation as well as in the procedural requirements is highly encouraged. Moreover, the flexibility to adopt a new design for the innovation hubs as prompted by the partner agency is a wise decision. The PMU has been supportive on how the trainers approached the roll out of the ToEs and ToBs – whether they utilize their own personal networks or do formal communication campaigns – is another manifestation of adaptive management. By mid-2023, the ToEs under SIYB did not move until there was a strategic shift to work with the regional/local partners with demonstrated capacity to replicate ToEs and reinforce the digitalization content of the training. Equally important is the need for flexibility to accommodate and support the informal sector in complying with the administrative and financial guidelines on reporting.
• Promoting Sustainable Enterprises in India (PSEI) - Final evaluation Engagement of Korean experts and donors in the field raised stakeholders' expectations regarding possible investments/business interests. Managing expectations beyond the project period can be a challenge.The project worked with Korean experts and institutions officials for capacity building of the MSMEs in partnership with BMOs and government. This involved closer interaction with Korean experts and donor representatives in the field with the key stakeholders of the project. Since the engagements were related to supply chains, the key stakeholders expected investments from Korea in the selected sub-sectors.
• Promoting Sustainable Enterprises in India (PSEI) - Final evaluation The project design needs to clearly outline the logical connection between the Outcomes and the Development Objective, the outcomes could have been better delineated by framing more than one output per outcome and the indicators in the results framework must track the project's progress toward the Development Objective. The PSEI project has the overall development objective of integrating MSMEs into the global supply chain, and the project design included three Outcomes to achieve this objective. The project design did not establish a logical connection between the three Outcomes and the development objective. Also, each outcome had only one Output under each Outcome which made it difficult to establish the difference in the level of results.
• Promoting Sustainable Enterprises in India (PSEI) - Final evaluation Mechanisms for inter-departmental coordination and coherence in the government require continued prioritisation by key government officials.The project set up district level sectoral steering committees in the two project states in the first year of the project through government notifications. These committees helped to enhance inter-departmental coordination and coherence and served as a platform to discuss the evidence and strategies for MSME development.
• Promoting Sustainable Enterprises in India (PSEI) - Final evaluation Development of a cadre of certified BDS providers at the local level is a resource-intensive exercise and is a challenge in upscaling the BDS.The project developed a cadre of BDS providers, SIYB and SCORE trainers to support local institutions and BMOs to broadbase their services to their members.
• Promoting Sustainable Enterprises in India (PSEI) - Final evaluation Many entrepreneurs and MSMEs do not systematically document enterprise-level data, which may lead to discrepancies in the results being reported.The project trained new and existing enterprises in SIYB with the objective of formalising them to generate decent jobs and implemented SCORE modules in 17 MSMEs to promote responsible management practices. Many of the trained entrepreneurs did not maintain documentation of the enterprise level data related to their income and expenditure including salaries/wages paid, workers hired. Also, many of the SCORE MSMEs did not systematically document the information related to KPIs using EIC.
• Promoting Sustainable Enterprises in India (PSEI) - Final evaluation Enabling environment and supportive contextual factors significantly impact project results.The project targeted generating 20 new jobs (Outcome 2) and increasing the number of MSME employees covered by social security (Outcome 3) by 20 percent. The project significantly overachieved these targets due to supportive contextual factors related to government schemes, improved policies of the MSMEs to link their employees with social security coverage due to COVID-19, and the EU’s new regulation for exporters. Accordingly, enabling environment and contextual factors beyond the project’s control can significantly impact the project results.
• Formalizing Access to the Legal Labour Market for Refugees and Host Communities in Jordan – Phase III The importance of internal coherence within projects that have a complex design. Internal coherence is critical to the performance of projects with a complex design. Internal coherence strengthens horizontal synergies and interactions within the project, and its: Alignment with strategic goals; Consistency of implementation approaches, results and quality; Efficiency of resource use, especially for core management and administration functions; Enhanced monitoring, risk mitigation and learning.
• Formalizing Access to the Legal Labour Market for Refugees and Host Communities in Jordan – Phase III Leveraging established programme models to develop a complementary and advanced women’s enterprise programme.The PRM III Women Do Business programme was based on an established programme model. For PRM 3, the ILO improvised, leveraged previous experience, and trusted partnerships. These were critical factors contributing to positive results performance, expressed as the successful start-up of women’s enterprise. However, the current programme model remains project-based, short term and implemented from the approach of resilience and social cohesion, responding to the Syrian Refugee Crisis. It was not designed to promote business development and the scaling up of women’s business over the longer term, which requires a stronger private sector development orientation.
• Skills 21 – Empowering citizens for inclusive and sustainable growth - Final evaluation Long-term engagement and financing are essential for sustained reform process. ILO’s long term, strong presence as a lead agency in the TVET reform process is well acknowledged across the skills ecosystem in Bangladesh. This sustained effort is crucial for quality outputs and long-term sustainability, as any TVET reform process spans several decades. Strong, trustworthy partnerships with Canada and the EU, along with a commitment to system reform, have been instrumental in achieving the milestones upto now and is required to continue.
• Skills 21 – Empowering citizens for inclusive and sustainable growth - Final evaluation Strengthening tripartism by involving constituents and systematically building their capacities, pays off. The Skills 21 project, unlike the earlier TVET Reform and B-SEP projects, did not make optimal use of its tripartite platform to foster private sector engagement. This is unfortunate. The lack of strong social partner involvement and limited collaboration with the private sector, including private training institutes might have limited learning and exchange of experiences and contributed to the slowdown of the expansion process of CBT&A through the project.
• Skills 21 – Empowering citizens for inclusive and sustainable growth - Final evaluation CBT&A shows high impact and is attractive for employers and learners. However, still not widespread (20%) and biased towards educated persons; neither is it mainstreamed in longer courses nor in higher level skills. The capacities of GoB to adapt NTVQF has continuously increased and steadily expanded, resulting in the endorsement of BNQF, the recognition of CBT for short courses L1-L3 and due to Skills 21, expanding to L4/5/6 for professional skills upgrading for teachers/trainers and principals and digital learning platforms (IMDC). Acceptance for CBT&A has increased amongst the private sector, government and training providers; however, awareness and outreach remain low. Private sector is just starting to pick up on CBT. At this point of time 20% of TVET courses are competency based, most of them at low skills levels (L1, L2), which shows that the system needs a lot of time. CBT&A needs to address higher skills needs articulated by private sector and learners. Higher level training and assessment capacities need to be developed. At GoB level, the structural underfunding of TVET sector, combined with massive staff shortages across departments, training and assessment centres limits expansion of training overall, which also includes CBT as well. NSDA’s capacity for fast roll out is weak, so is DTE’s and BTEB’s to provide enough certified trainers for large scale and quality assured assessment.
• Renforcement de la résilience et de la promotion du travail décent des organisations féminines de l’économie sociale (FORTER’ESS) post COVID-19 en Tunisie - Final evaluation L’approche participative qui est utilisée par le projet pour identifier les besoins et les attentes de tous les acteurs concernés par cette thématique de l’ESS et pour chercher ensemble des solutions et élaborer des outils de bonnes pratiques d’emplois décent, a été déterminante pour obtenir un consensus sur les travaux à mener, et a montré aux partenaires (des institutions étatiques, syndicats, patronat et GDA) la nécessité d’un rapprochement entre les entités responsables
• Renforcement de la résilience et de la promotion du travail décent des organisations féminines de l’économie sociale (FORTER’ESS) post COVID-19 en Tunisie - Final evaluation Les rencontres bilatérales avec les partenaires techniques et sociaux et les réunions des comités de pilotage du projet FORTER’ESS au niveau national (COPIL) et au niveau régional (CRA) ont été déterminantes pour préciser les rôles des partenaires les plus influents dans les étapes de mise en œuvre des différents fonds et activités du projet. La compréhension des rôles des partenaires s’améliore selon l’avancement de la mise en œuvre du projet et selon le rôle de chaque partenaire dans les activités du projet. Le degré de compréhension est variable aussi selon l’importance de chaque partenaire et selon sa contribution dans chaque étape de mise en œuvre du projet
• Renforcement de la résilience et de la promotion du travail décent des organisations féminines de l’économie sociale (FORTER’ESS) post COVID-19 en Tunisie - Final evaluation Plus il y a des événements rassemblant les différentes dirigeantes et adhérentes des organisations bénéficiaires, plus cela permet à ces femmes de devenir plus performantes dans leurs activités grâce à cette opportunité qui leur est donnée de retisser des liens entre elles, d’échanger leurs bonnes pratiques et leurs expériences et de confronter ensemble avec l’appui des acteurs publics et privés les défis de la relance de leurs entités.
• Independent Mid-term Evaluation of the second phase of the ILO Global Flagship Programme on Building Social Protection Floors for All (2021–2025) Survey insights for future phases; Enhancing focus on knowledge goods. Survey insights for future phases. A survey conducted in 56 countries in 2020 provided valuable insights that significantly informed the design of the second phase of the Global Framework Programme (GFP). These insights highlighted key areas for improvement and adaptation, ensuring that the programme's interventions were more targeted and effective. Applying this approach to prepare for phase 3 will ensure that the GFP continues to evolve based on comprehensive, global feedback, addressing emerging challenges and leveraging lessons learned to enhance its impact. This iterative process underscores the importance of continuous learning and adaptation, facilitating the programme's alignment with the dynamic needs of its beneficiaries. LL2. Enhancing focus on knowledge goods. Enhancing the focus on knowledge goods has emerged as a crucial lesson for the GFP, emphasising the need to refine efforts in creating and disseminating knowledge products. Strengthening the interconnections between data portals and platforms is essential, ensuring they are highly relevant to thematic areas, programmes, and the Decent Work focus. While the Results Monitoring Tool is specifically tailored to respond to the GFP, the Decent Work Dashboard offers a broader and more comprehensive scope. A balanced approach to harmonising and improving both databases is necessary, as integration and digitalisation of data have proven to be vital in supporting the effective implementation of projects and programmes. This strategic enhancement will enable better data-driven decision-making and facilitate the achievement of ILO’s broader goals.
• Assistance technique au Projet d’Entreprenariat des Jeunes dans l’Agriculture et l’Agro-Business (PEJAB) - Final evaluation La mise en œuvre effective de l’assistance technique du BIT au PEJAB a permis à ce dernier d’enregistrer ses premières réalisations en termes de modèle d’affaires pour le processus d’incubation, d’adaptation de l’arsenal de services d’incubation et de renforcement des capacités des acteurs concernés.
• Assistance technique au Projet d’Entreprenariat des Jeunes dans l’Agriculture et l’Agro-Business (PEJAB) - Final evaluation L’information et l’implication effective de différentes parties prenantes concernées dès le lancement du projet, la présentation périodique et la validation du plan de travail facilitent la collaboration et la participation de tous à la mise en œuvre du projet.
• Assistance technique au Projet d’Entreprenariat des Jeunes dans l’Agriculture et l’Agro-Business (PEJAB) - Final evaluation Le renforcement de capacités, l’adaptation de l’arsenal de services d’incubation et la mise à disposition des différents outils pédagogique de l’OIT ont conduit à la transformation de centres de formation professionnelle en de véritables centres d’incubation viables et pérennes
• Assistance technique au Projet d’Entreprenariat des Jeunes dans l’Agriculture et l’Agro-Business (PEJAB) - Final evaluation L’incubation effective est une approche susceptible d’améliorer le développement et la promotion de l’employabilité́ des bénéficiaires.
• Advancing Decent Work and Inclusive Industrialisation in Ethiopia – ONEILO SIRAYE - Final evaluation Pooled funding can only enhance efficiency if the ILO system actually aligns with the donor requirements and if donors are sufficiently flexible. The Programme had a pooled funding mechanism. However, the efficiency of the pooled funding mechanism was limited due to Programme staff needing to look at each budget line to inform the donors of how their money was spent.
• Advancing Decent Work and Inclusive Industrialisation in Ethiopia – ONEILO SIRAYE - Final evaluation The promotion of unionisation may in parallel cause a decreased interest of factory managers in allowing unionisation. The Programme worked to empower trade unions which were not present previously in industrial parks. Moreover, worker representation typically stemmed from management appointed workers representatives. During the Programme’s implementation the representation of workers through trade unions saw a notable increase. As a result, this led to some factory managers being increasingly less approving of unions.
• Advancing Decent Work and Inclusive Industrialisation in Ethiopia – ONEILO SIRAYE - Final evaluation The turnover of employees can undermine the progress towards generating change at the factory level. Factory managers noted that due to the turnover faced in the garment and textile sector, the gains achieved under the Programme tend to dissipate when the workers leave. This presents an issue for sustainability of factory level results.
• Advancing Decent Work and Inclusive Industrialisation in Ethiopia – ONEILO SIRAYE - Final evaluation Policy development takes a long time, and programming should include sufficient time buffers for activities aiming to achieve policy change. Ethiopia has witnessed many difficulties during the Programme’s implementation including governmental restructuring and turnover of government officials. As these difficulties are likely to reoccur, the Programme needs to take this into account and ensure that efforts involving policy change take the need for more time into account.
• COVID-19 socio-economic recovery for returning migrants and host communities in North West Cambodia - Final evaluation Both components of the project have a number of ‘lessons’ which could be applied in a sustainable manner by the partners. There is no mechanism for these to be recognized in the course of implementation - and articulating these at the project ends through a final evaluation means it is unlikely partners continue to focus on these as they move onto other issues.
• COVID-19 socio-economic recovery for returning migrants and host communities in North West Cambodia - Final evaluation The Project in the process of conducting EIIP work, has been able to show that communal roads, essential means of transport for economic and social needs of poor communities, are in far greater need of rehabilitation than has been generally recognised. These are now subjected to increased threat of damage through floods (climate change induced). Specific actions can be taken to mitigate this (raised height, increased capacity of culverts) which can be carried out using EIIP approaches and thus injects funds into poor communities
• COVID-19 socio-economic recovery for returning migrants and host communities in North West Cambodia - Final evaluation Focus on the output of EIIP has tended to be on the works completed along with the WD and income gained by workers. There are a range of other social and economic benefits that are not recognized and could strengthen the case for ongoing application of this approach, thus generating further decent work opportunities far beyond the project target.
• COVID-19 socio-economic recovery for returning migrants and host communities in North West Cambodia - Final evaluation The digitization of TVET courses is in an early stage of development. The Project has provided opportunity for this to be applied in a substantial manner. This has shown high benefits in reduction of cost for student and institutes. But at the same time weaknesses in terms of (a) potential hidden cots as it is scaled up and (b) weaker learning experiences for students, with disadvantaged student potentially being left out.
• Building Responsible Value Chains in Asia through the Promotion of Decent Work in Business Operations - Final evaluation The approval processes of large multi-stakeholder events both by national governments and by ILO can take a considerable amount of time, so it is advisable to manage the expectations and to be rather flexible especially because one must rely on the availability of the tripartite constituents.
• Building Responsible Value Chains in Asia through the Promotion of Decent Work in Business Operations - Final evaluation The garment sector can act as an example and learning ground for other economic (export) sectors.
• Extending Social Protection to Migrant Workers: Exploratory Research and Policy Dialogue in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries - Final evaluation Collaboration and synergies with UN agencies and international organizations on social protection is limited, with the exception of few examples that were successfully managed. A unified structured approach to synergies or joint programming does not exists, which results in lost opportunities to maximize impact, complement experiences or efficiently utilize resources.
• Extending Social Protection to Migrant Workers: Exploratory Research and Policy Dialogue in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries - Final evaluation Social dialogue platforms are necessary to ensure the voices of workers are heard and their needs understood, which can happen when targeted interventions are designed to support workers associations, unions or federations become more engaged and capacitated to represent workers needs and aspirations for social protection.
• Extending Social Protection to Migrant Workers: Exploratory Research and Policy Dialogue in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries - Final evaluation Social dialogue platforms are necessary to ensure the voices of workers are heard and their needs understood, which can happen when targeted interventions are designed to support workers associations, unions or federations become more engaged and capacitated to represent workers needs and aspirations for social protection.
• Oferta de asistencia técnica presentada al Instituto Nacional de Formación y Capacitación para el Desarrollo Humano (INADEH) En Panamá existe una cultura de diálogo social, aunque no necesariamente en espacios formales, ya que no existe Consejo Superior de Trabajo, Consejo Económico o Consejo Social. En este contexto, el proceso de elaboración del Programa de Trabajo Decente (impulsado por la OIT desde finales del 2023) es una prueba adicional de la existencia de diálogo tripartito y de una buena relación entre constituyentes, que se puede aprovechar para seguir avanzando en la implementación del Proyecto, del PTMI y de cualquier otra iniciativa que contribuya el fortalecimiento del INADEH.
• Oferta de asistencia técnica presentada al Instituto Nacional de Formación y Capacitación para el Desarrollo Humano (INADEH) Son factores claves para el éxito del PTMI y del Proyecto el orden, la claridad de los objetivos y medios trabajo en equipo, involucrar a las diferentes áreas del INADEH, el compromiso del personal, así como contar con responsables en cada componente y con espacios de toma de decisiones. También es importante generar confianza entre las instituciones, ser transparente en las comunicaciones desde y hacia el INADEH, que desde el principio todos los actores entiendan cómo funcionan las contrapartes (OIT, UNOPS, INADEH, CAF), y comprender que armonizar estándares de calidad y oportunidad esperados toma tiempo, pero es una inversión redituable en el mediano y largo plazo. Además, traer expertiz y conocimiento de organizaciones de cooperación internacional y de CFP de otros países. Y para la OIT es importante mantener la independencia de criterios técnicos y toma de decisiones durante la ejecución del Proyecto con los beneficiarios, en este caso INADEH.
• Oferta de asistencia técnica presentada al Instituto Nacional de Formación y Capacitación para el Desarrollo Humano (INADEH) En Panamá, cuando un gobierno asume, suele cambiar al personal de estas instituciones tanto en las posiciones de mayor jerarquía como en las posiciones técnicas. Adicionalmente, en el caso del INADEH, los cambios en la Dirección General y en las otras Direcciones suelen tardar un poco más de tiempo que en otras instituciones públicas, ya que para designar al/la directora/a general, primero el Consejo Directivo del INADEH debe proponer una terna y luego es el Presidente de la República quien decide. Y los cambios de administraciones en el INADEH se producen cuando cambia el gobierno, antes la administración de INADEH entraba a mitad del gobierno vigente y, por lo tanto, continuaba con el siguiente gobierno, en cambio la situación actual provoca discontinuidad de lo que se trabaja, es difícil planificar estrategias
• Evaluación de resultados para el aprendizaje organizativo del Sistema de información y análisis laboral de América Latina y el Caribe (SIALC) Colaboración interinstitucional: Una lección clave aprendida por el SIALC es la importancia de la colaboración institucional para el éxito y la eficacia de sus programas y proyectos. La colaboración estrecha con diversas instituciones, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, ha sido fundamental para alcanzar los objetivos del SIALC, mejorar la calidad de los datos estadísticos y asegurar la relevancia y sostenibilidad de sus iniciativas.
• Evaluación de resultados para el aprendizaje organizativo del Sistema de información y análisis laboral de América Latina y el Caribe (SIALC) Adaptabilidad: Una lección clave aprendida por el SIALC es la importancia de la adaptabilidad en un entorno dinámico y en constante cambio. La capacidad de adaptarse rápidamente a nuevas circunstancias, cambios tecnológicos, y necesidades emergentes es crucial para mantener la relevancia, eficiencia y efectividad de cualquier programa o proyecto. Un claro ejemplo de esto ha sido la pandemia de la COVID-19 y los desafíos presentados a partir de los cambios tecnológicos. Por el lado de la pandemia, el SIALC tuvo que adaptarse rápidamente a las nuevas recomendaciones de la OIT y la CIET, que incluían modificaciones en la periodicidad de la publicación de indicadores y cambios metodológicos para capturar el teletrabajo y el trabajo a través de plataformas digitales. Por el lado de los cambios tecnológicos, a pesar de las limitaciones en recursos disponibles y habilidades técnicas, el equipo interno de SIALC junto con el liderazgo del Coordinador han enfrentado los desafíos presentados durante el proceso por modernizar las actividades del Programa.
• Evaluación de resultados para el aprendizaje organizativo del Sistema de información y análisis laboral de América Latina y el Caribe (SIALC) Documentación y gestión del conocimiento: La falta de una documentación exhaustiva y sistemática ha afectado la capacidad del SIALC para realizar un seguimiento eficiente de sus actividades, procesos y resultados. La ausencia de registros detallados limita la capacidad de evaluar y replicar buenas prácticas y dificulta la transferencia de conocimiento dentro del equipo, especialmente en contextos de alta rotación de personal.
• Evaluación de resultados para el aprendizaje organizativo del Sistema de información y análisis laboral de América Latina y el Caribe (SIALC) Diversificación de fuentes de apoyo financiero: A lo largo del tiempo, el SIALC ha contado con un apoyo fundamental y sostenido de parte del gobierno de Panamá, lo que ha sido clave para el desarrollo y continuidad del programa. No obstante, la evaluación sugiere que explorar y diversificar las fuentes de apoyo financiero podría fortalecer aún más la capacidad del SIALC para expandir sus actividades y garantizar su sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Este enfoque permitiría al SIALC aprovechar oportunidades adicionales de colaboración y financiamiento que podrían surgir de otros actores internacionales y regionales, potenciando su impacto en la región.
• South Asia Leadership in Entrepreneurship (SALE) Better utilization of utilize M&E expertise and systems. Projects should better utilize M&E expertise and systems, enabling the monitoring of raw data inputs and analysis of progress and indicators. Data should be inserted regularly and systematically and trends analysed.
• South Asia Leadership in Entrepreneurship (SALE) ILO entrepreneurship training materials. ILO entrepreneurship/business development training materials should be updated in view of the “digital realm”. Presently customization is necessary, especially when training young persons, and in view of the fast developments in the digital world.
• South Asia Leadership in Entrepreneurship (SALE) Better utilization of utilize M&E expertise and systems. Relevant raw data should be inserted in the M&E system, be analysed and distributed/circulated regularly. Every project should have access to M&E expertise and project managers need to actively support their role in projects to ensure follow up; transparency and accountability vis-à-vis stakeholders (and evaluators) regarding the progress on reaching outputs and outcomes.
• South Asia Leadership in Entrepreneurship (SALE) ILO entrepreneurship training materials. ILO entrepreneurship/business development training materials should be updated in view of the “digital realm”. FGDs and Key Informant Interviews revealed that some ILO generic entrepreneurship/business materials (SIYB, SYB, KAB, GET Ahead) had missed out on the digital revolution – and therefore substantial efforts had to be made to customize the training materials.
• South-South Cooperation to Enhance the Institutional Capacities of Trade Unions in Asia and the Pacific - Final Evaluation English Proficiency of Training participants. In the evaluation of the training sessions, a pivotal lesson has been unearthed pertaining to the English proficiency of participants. Stakeholders have reported that a subset of individuals attending the training sessions, delegated by various trade unions, demonstrated an inadequate command of the English language, which significantly hindered their ability to follow the live, interactive modules that are integral to the program. These sessions, predominantly conducted online, necessitate a robust understanding of English to enable active engagement and interaction. Although digital translation tools offer a partial remedy by allowing for the translation of course materials, they fall short during live discourse, which is essential for the full absorption of training content. This situation underscores a foreseeable need for advanced communication tools that might one day bridge the gap between language barriers. Until such advancements are realized, it is imperative for trade unions to scrutinize the language capabilities of their chosen representatives to ensure effective participation in these English-centric educational endeavors. Moreover, administrative reminders to the trade unions are crucial, emphasizing that language proficiency is not merely desirable but essential for the efficacy of English-language training programs.
• South-South Cooperation to Enhance the Institutional Capacities of Trade Unions in Asia and the Pacific - Final Evaluation Robust Bottom-up approach. The evaluated program was characterized by a robust bottom-up approach, which involved mapping the needs of trade unions in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. However, some union leaders noted that they were not sufficiently informed about the specifics of the training program, resulting in the selection of inappropriate participants at times. This situation appeared peculiar given that ACTRAV had developed and disseminated brief concept notes to the unions. Consequently, one of the lessons learned is the potential benefit of organizing brief, oral online sessions. In these sessions, ACTRAV could succinctly outline the objectives of the training programs, present the methodology briefly, and describe the desired profile of the participants. An additional consequence is that union leaders are thereby made co-responsible for the outcomes of the training sessions. It is also noteworthy to mention that we can emphasize the robust and cooperative content creation and pedagogical approach. Involving the Desk Officer, ACTRAV clusters, field specialists, and subject matter experts represents a commendable practice within an integrated model for designing and delivering our capacity-building programs under the project. (see also recommendations 1, 2 and 4).
• Strengthening Social Security Office capacities in policy design with a focus on research and actuarial services There is a need in designing a project to take into account the broader political and socio-economic context in order to maximize the possibility that the project outputs will lead to a sustainable impact in terms of actual outcomes. This includes identifying key factors such as local governance structures, economic conditions, and socio-cultural-political dynamics that could affect the uptake and implementation of project recommendations. Additionally, investing in policy advocacy skills is critical to effectively bridge the gap between technical work and policy adoption.
• Action against child trafficking for labour and sexual exploitation in Peru – phase II - Final evaluation Se ha aprendido que la reintegración económica de niñas y adolescentes en los CARE exige un enfoque integral y colaborativo entre instituciones públicas, organizaciones civiles, el sector privado y las propias adolescentes y sus familias. Este hecho hace que el proceso de reintegración económica tome tiempo, mientras que el promedio de estadía de las víctimas en los centros es de 5 a 6 meses. Teniendo presente este poco tiempo de estadía, debe considerarse igualmente que las estrategias de reinserción económica requieren atender otros factores que interfieren en muchas ocasiones como el muy bajo nivel educativo, la alta afectación emocional y la inexistencia de soporte familiar para su reintegración.
• Action against child trafficking for labour and sexual exploitation in Peru – phase II - Final evaluation Medidas para mitigar la rotación. El caso de la PNP. En un contexto de alta rotación del personal policial, se aprendió que antes de invertir recursos significativos en la capacitación de efectivos, es esencial asegurar un acuerdo político que garantice la permanencia de los policías capacitados en sus puestos por un plazo de tiempo razonable. Esto mejoraría la eficacia del uso de los recursos y maximizaría el impacto de las capacitaciones en la lucha contra la trata de personas.
• Les mandants de l'OIT membres du G5 Sahel intègrent le travail décent dans leurs programmes d'investissement prioritaires Les activités de renforcement des capacités au niveau du BIT ne doivent pas être perçues comme une finalité par les parties prenantes, mais plutôt comme une opportunité catalytique pour le développement des notes conceptuelles et la recherche des financements alternatifs des interventions en matière de promotion d’emplois, le dialogue social, et le travail décent.
• Les mandants de l'OIT membres du G5 Sahel intègrent le travail décent dans leurs programmes d'investissement prioritaires La structure managériale de tout projet multi-acteurs nécessite la mise en place d’un comité de pilotage pour faciliter la participation des mandants à sa gestion, l’orientation des besoins organisationnels et la prise des décisions stratégiques et opérationnelles durant la mise en oeuvre de ce projet. Ce principe fondamental de conception de projet n’a pas été pris en compte dans le cas du projet RBSA-G5 Sahel.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de Intervenciones sobre Tránsito hacia la Economía Formal con perspectiva de Género en cuatro Países de Latinoamérica La institucionalización del diálogo social La formalización de los espacios de diálogo social como Consejos Tripartitos, así como los compromisos adquiridos durante estos espacios y procesos entre los constituyentes en productos concretos como políticas públicas, modelos conceptuales y lineamientos, etc. ha permitido fortalecer el diálogo social y establecer mecanismos de seguimiento para garantizar su cumplimiento. Además, la aplicación de metodologías participativas y de consenso, ha generado apropiación entre las partes, permitiendo lograr éxitos y avances en contextos donde anteriormente el diálogo social no funcionaba o no estaba prosperando.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de Intervenciones sobre Tránsito hacia la Economía Formal con perspectiva de Género en cuatro Países de Latinoamérica El fortalecimiento de iniciativas existentes y de contrapartes con capacidad para impulsar procesos. Debido a las limitaciones temporales y presupuestarias propias de las intervenciones RBSA, las intervenciones más exitosas son aquellas que se han anclado a acciones que ya estaban funcionando y que requerían de un apoyo extra para su fortalecimiento. Así mismo, la identificación de contrapartes con capacidad de llevar adelante los procesos y con capacidad de ejecución ha sido esencial para garantizar la ejecución y el progreso adecuados de las intervenciones.
• Evaluación Agrupada Independiente de Intervenciones sobre Tránsito hacia la Economía Formal con perspectiva de Género en cuatro Países de Latinoamérica El involucramiento de los más altos niveles de las Oficinas País en las intervenciones. El seguimiento y respaldo de los altos niveles de la Oficina País genera confianza, compromiso y apropiación de la intervención por parte de todo el equipo de la OIT, lo que ha supuesto una mejor ejecución al tratarse de una intervención estratégica para la Oficina.
• Reducing vulnerability in Lao PDR: Advancing social protection and labour rights and entitlements in the coffee and tea sectors of Lao PDR - Final independent evaluation 1. Consider long-term interventions when working on social security and occupational safety and health issues. Duration of interventions: Increasing the coverage of social security systems and occupational safety and health practices is a long-term commitment that requires continuous action and investment by government agencies.
• Reducing vulnerability in Lao PDR: Advancing social protection and labour rights and entitlements in the coffee and tea sectors of Lao PDR - Final independent evaluation Need to include seasonal workers when promoting social security registration or/and the application of occupational safety and health practices. The project concentrated its efforts on farm owners at target communities. Special efforts/ means need to be developed to promote the registration of informal seasonal workers in social security and improve their knowledge on OSH.
• Reducing vulnerability in Lao PDR: Advancing social protection and labour rights and entitlements in the coffee and tea sectors of Lao PDR - Final independent evaluation Need to adapt outreach activities to farmers’ schedules and limited accessibility. Accessibility to rural communities/ participants: It is important to organize outreach activities based on farmers’ schedules/ availability and on the limited accessibility to communities during the rainy season.
• Reducing vulnerability in Lao PDR: Advancing social protection and labour rights and entitlements in the coffee and tea sectors of Lao PDR - Final independent evaluation Need to improve engagement of health sector staff in the delivery of services to workers affiliated to social security. Workers’ poor opinion about the quality and availability of public health services may result in reduced registration or dropout from social security system. It is important to ensure that health staff is sensitized by SSO, so that they provide adequate and timely services to workers.
• Reducing vulnerability in Lao PDR: Advancing social protection and labour rights and entitlements in the coffee and tea sectors of Lao PDR - Final independent evaluation The economic empowerment of farmers may lead to sustainable participation in social security system. By promoting an increase in productivity and the economic empowerment of farmers, projects may strengthen farmers’ capacity to enrol and remain in social security systems.
• Reducing vulnerability in Lao PDR: Advancing social protection and labour rights and entitlements in the coffee and tea sectors of Lao PDR - Final independent evaluation Organize activities with farmers and communities on a regular basis. Setting up of activities should be carried out on a regular basis, as it takes time to organize activities and the participants may change/ new participants incorporate as beneficiaries, and some people may need to refresh the information received.
• ILO Technical Assistance to the EPWP (National Department of Public Works and Infrastructure and the Limpopo Department of Public Works Roads and Infrastructure) - Midterm evaluation The model of bringing in institutions like NYDA and SEDA to create appetite for youths to start their own enterprises has potential, as part of an exit strategy. Where such enterprises flourish, there is a trickle effect of creating employment opportunities. In general, there is limited ‘after care’ when beneficiaries exit the programme
• ILO Technical Assistance to the EPWP (National Department of Public Works and Infrastructure and the Limpopo Department of Public Works Roads and Infrastructure) - Midterm evaluation The ILO has room to sharpen its focus on creating and disseminating knowledge goods. Bi-annual reports indicate few to no knowledge products disseminated for wide usage, indicating the limited optimal learning from what is working and not working
• Improving labour law compliance in the United Republic of Tanzania - Final Evaluation Some key high-level MOLE officials appeared to have no more than a lukewarm interest to be engaged in Project activities, particularly those oriented towards public information campaigns, social dialogue, policies and regulations – even though such activities clearly were not only part of the project document but also part of their core responsibilities. An example is that despite the success of training for the Wage Boards, the mainland Ministry was somewhat reluctant to engage fully, or receive assistance, from the project in the areas of social dialogue, policies and regulations, or public information campaigns, although it continued to engage on more technical issues e.g. labour inspection. This could also be a reflection of varying degrees of interest and commitment among officials at different levels of the Ministry management. A lesson to be drawn is that before technical cooperation activities are started up, the Project Document should not only be completed but be “owned” by the constituents at all key levels . National ownership and the necessity of acquiring political commitment for a technical cooperation Project such as the ILLC, should not be underestimated and is thus crucial for success. An example is that once the new government was formed and the new Ministry leadership was in place with a strong commitment to the Project - Zanzibar moved quickly to produce results.
• Promoting a decent work approach for syrian refugees and host communities - Final evaluation (RBSA) • In its response to the Syrian refugee crisis in Jordan, ILO engaged simultaneously at two levels; i) policy engagement at national and local government levels, and ii) community level interventions to support employment opportunities for both refugees and host communities. This two-level strategy included several pilot interventions and research projects such as the support for agricultural work permits through cooperatives, value chain analysis to identify opportunities for growth and employment, labour market analysis and child labour assessment. • ILO’s approach of engaging at both levels through several selected interventions has contributed to ILO being seen as a trusted partner both at government and community levels. It allowed ILO to make policy suggestions to government which were derived from its own concrete practical experience.
• Workers' Education Programme on Social Dialogue and Social Dialogue and Youth Employment: Final Evaluation The activities are, more or less carried out according to plans, but in some fewer countries than planned for. However these activities are very wide ranging and cover a large set of activities; such an approach makes the program flexible and specific to local needs or potentials for ILO activities, but on the other hand, the activities undertaken are so widespread that the focus of the program becomes unclear. In results, it seems that the program has functioned as a prolongation of ongoing activities, rather than focusing on activities directly addressing social dialogue.
• Building the Foundations for Combating the Worst Forms of Child Labour in Anglophone Africa - Final Evaluation The issue of sustainability remains inadequately addressed in the design phase. There is no conscious link in the design phase with other IPEC programmes, which would allow for better integration and effective linkages across programmes. In addition, building on lessons learned was a critical oversight (also identified in the mid-term evaluation) in that lessons learned from the one programme was not addressed in the next programme but rather transported into the next programme. This renders such evaluations meaning-less because recommendations are not being addressed and there is no follow through or monitoring of impact of previous programmes. One of the key issues is that new Programmes start before the previous ones have been finalised and evaluated so that lessons learnt could not systematically inform the design of the new programme. In Kenya and Ghana the TBP has started and already there are elements in it that are being repeated from the CBP and that should not have been. For example, a key concern in the CBP has been that the impact of an intervention cannot be sufficiently assessed within the short time frame that is given for projects and that a longer period is required. In Kenya some AP are still 18 - 24 months.
• Capacity of government and the social partners to develop and implement employment policies and programmes that are well suited to Vietnam's dynamic ... - RBSA independent evaluation The evaluability of RBSA intervention is quite limited under the current planning, implementation and reporting frameworks. The RBSA intervention does not have the explicitly articulated Theory of Change, which includes all assumptions and causal hypotheses which would allow to explain how a group of early and intermediate accomplishments sets the stage for producing long-range results. The design of the RBSA intervention is made on the assumption that the Country Office has the DWCP which has the Results Framework which could be used for implementation monitoring. However, the DWCP Results Framework cannot be used as a monitoring tool of the RBSA intervention. This is so due the following reasons: (i) DWCP is a framework document which contains broad objectives agreed with tripartite constituents and only overall targets for the whole timeframe of the programme (i.e. 4-5 years); (ii) DWCP Results Matrix has baselines, but milestones are absent, which prevents to have a comparison of what was planned vs what was achieved in the specific reporting period (i.e. on annual basis); (iii) DWCP Results Matrix contains only outcome indicators which cannot be used for a proper results-based monitoring. At the same time, the CPO M&E Framework has indicators, but they are high level outcome indicators applied for all ILO Member States which do not allow to report on all the achievements of particular intervention in a specific country.
• Elimination of the Child Labour in Seasonal Agriculture - Midterm evaluation  Local ownership is significant for ensuring the efficiency and sustainability of the project, and it often takes time and requires awareness to be built.  Creating a trust environment among community decision-makers is key to ensuring continuity of children’s education.  Despite the efficiency of gathering women and men in the same room or place for delivering general family trainings, considering the gender dynamics and tension concerning the topics on violence against women, conducting the family trainings separately would be found useful.  The activities related to the renovations and maintenance required more time for preparation, designing, market research, procurement, and consultations with the stakeholders.  A more inclusive approach that considers root causes and poverty reduction is needed in the referral process of children aged between 15 and 17 to formal education.  Successful interventions require a longer commitment and continuous engagement; the project recognized the importance of regular personal meetings with all stakeholders in all phases of implementing the project activities.
• From the crisis towards decent and safe jobs in Central Asia and Southern Caucasus - Midterm Evaluation 6. Modern Labour Market Information and Analysing Systems cannot be established without equipment delivery and a long term training approach to build up the necessary capacities in the institutions of a country, especially on IT and consultation of PES clients. Additionally there is a need for real changes in the organizational structure of the PES (and corresponding line ministries). To have real effects it is necessary to pilot such new LMI(A)S systems and implement the new systems in more than only two PES offices. Finally an advisory communication network must be build up to guarantee the involvement of the social partners and other relevant institutions and experts of the country. This is a time and resource consuming process. Focussing on such a development doesn’t allow the usually weak, underfinanced and understaffed PES to implement additional reform aspects.
• Training and employment support programme in East Timor (TESP) - Final evaluation In a project formulation phase within a post-conflict context, the timeframe needed for the adoption of policy and regulatory frameworks is likely to be more in tune with medium-term frameworks (around 5 years). This relates to Outcome 1 of the project: “Improved regulatory framework for the coordination and management of TVET (technical vocational education training) established”, which was planned to be delivered within 2 years in Timor Leste.
• Strengthening social partnership in the Western Balkans - Final Evaluation The project was designed based on the assumption that it will not be able to quickly solve the problems, which need long-term incremental steps. The strategic approach was to promote the need of addressing undeclared work as a win-win situation, meaning that everyone wins if the problem of undeclared work is solved. Although the project strategy and assumptions were appropriate for achieving the planned immediate results and contributed to the current DWCP outcomes, they seemed too ambitious given the complexity of the constituencies and the difficult nature of the problem addressed.
• Gender mainstreaming in DFID/ILO Partnership Framework Agreement - Final Evaluation There is a need for more involvement from national trainers in gender audit facilitator workshops, as well as inviting more government counterparts and ensuring the timing is right when planning gender audits. High-level support for gender audit processes increased the profile of the process at the national level, whilst also ensuring that all understand the exact purpose of the audit process. Some gender audit facilitators may require additional coaching, particularly constituent staff.
• Supporting the implementation of indigenous peoples’ rights in Nepal, Peru and Central African Republic through enhanced participation of neighbouring and regional actors - Final Evaluation The establishment of the Working Group on Indigenous Policy (Grupo de Trabajo de Políticas Indígenas -GTPI) in Peru, represents a promising institutional development, with promising results so far. The group was established by a ministerial resolution in November 2014 (Resolución Ministerial N°403‐2014‐MC), and is considered a permanent space for tripartite dialogue between indigenous organizations, the Vice Ministry of Culture, and the state institutions with mandates that affect indigenous peoples. Consultation and participation are considered the cornerstones of Convention No. 169 on indigenous and tribal peoples, and recent years have seen important developments towards a more institutionalized approach to Consultation, notably in Peru, with the adoption of the Law on Consultation in 2011 (Ley del Derecho a la Consulta Previa a los Pueblos Indígenas u Originarios). The emerging experiences with formal consultation processes under the law, however, have revealed a need for more open spaces of dialogue between indigenous peoples and state actors, and it was this realization that led to the initiative to establish the GTPI
• Support to the National Action Plan against child labour in Tunisia (NAP-TN on CL) 2015-2020 - Midterm Evaluation Firstly, the participatory approach adopted by the project is a catalyst for the project ownership. The collective development of the CMEP based on the inputs of all stakeholders has been highly appreciated by the participants and paved the way for shared understanding and concerted efforts in implementing the project’s activities. Secondly, regarding staff capacity building, it seems important to ensure a common knowledge base for all actors involved in the front-line of fight against child labor especially the 164 focal points and ensure comprehensive geographic coverage of the country's 24 governorates. At the beginning of the project’s activities, the novelty of the child labor topic and the plurality of actors involved made it necessary to "upgrade" stakeholders’ knowledge on a larger scale than originally planned. The project team thus made the choice to broaden the training activities starting in March 2018 – particularly for the benefit of the 164 focal points at the local level. This was highly appreciated by the stakeholders, most of whom had little or no knowledge of child labor, or the regulatory aspects and accompanying practices relating thereto. The restructuring of activities in the first year of the project seems to have been a sound choice that enhances the effectiveness of future activities and the impact of the project. Thirdly, when it comes to activities at the local level, much more could be done currently using the available institutional capacity and resources provided. There is the necessary will to organize initiatives and provide education on child labor-related issues. The awareness raising and enforcement campaign organized in Sfax by all the actors involved in the inspection and care services for children in hazardous labor situations shows that current human and financial resources though reportedly insufficient can be organized in a much more effective way and generate positive results.
• Promoting decent work across borders: A pilot project for migrant health professionals and skilled workers - Final Evaluation Technical Cooperation projects within the ILO often contain a training component. The DWAB project developed and/or delivered several trainings on: bilateral agreements, ethical recruitment, return and integration to a range of audiences. In doing so the CTA enlisted the support of the ILO-ITC in Turin. This allowed both the use of existing training material (on return and reintegration) and the development of new tools which has allowed a two-way exchange between the project team and ILO-ITC. The sharing of training materials can both encourage efficiency, through the avoidance of replication, and ensure the sustainability of project outputs through their inclusion in the ILO-ITC portfolio of activities. While this may appear logical it was confirmed by the ILO-ITC that it is unusual for such a cooperation to take place (within the context of migration training activities) and the project was praised for its outreach.
• Shan State: Peace reconciliation and development through community empowerment - Midterm evaluation A lesson learned can be derived from the way the PRD Consortium was assembled and structured during the original proposal process. Interviews with Consortium staff revealed that the proposal process had felt rushed. Interviews with other EU peacebuilding consortium teams (Kayah and Kachin) interestingly also revealed a similar sense of rush indicating that part of the problem might have been with too short a proposal deadline set by the EU during the Request for Proposals. Regardless, the rushed proposal process ultimately resulted in a hurried assembly of Consortium partners relying mostly on previous relationships. Interviewees also suggest that the ability to meet proposal criteria and an interest in maximizing proposal points outweighed a more critical and in-depth assessment of how well institutional capabilities aligned. Looking back, both the EU and PRD Consortium partners could have helped avoid this situation. While it is ultimately the responsibilities of applicants to deliver on what they propose, the EU should recognise the reality of the competitive proposal process. Firms will inevitably try to outcompete each other and try to address every client wish listed in the RFP. The EU should recognise that the original RFP was overly broad and in some ways is responsible for firms bidding on a programme that few could actually deliver. That said, the majority of responsibility does fall on the PRD Consortium members. The Consortium should have also considered following more of a prime-sub contractual relationship, with the international organizations taking the lead and mentoring the national organizations as sub-contractors.